Eating Disorders in. Preteens. Christina De Leon, Jacob Hahn, and Maryam Baloch

Transcription

1 Eating Disorders in Figure 1. [Boy over-exercising]. (2017). Retrieved from au/wp/wp-content/uploads /2017/08/ / jpg. Preteens Christina De Leon, Jacob Hahn, and Maryam Baloch Figure 2. [Girl unwilling to to eat] (2019). Retrieved from 4/02/Mike/Chef_Mom/Child-with-eati ng-disorder.jpg

2 Introduction Eating disorders are real, complex, and devastating conditions that can have serious consequences for health, productivity, and relationships. Eating disorders are serious, potentially life-threatening conditions that affect a person s emotional and physical health (NEDA.org). Image: Mirror-mirror.org

3 What is a Preteen? Preteen is defined as a boy or girl under the age of 13, especially one between the ages of 9 and 12 (Definition.com).

4 Figure 3:Anorexic Model, retrieved from: Figure 3: Bulimia-Broken Believers, retrieved from: Most people think of teenagers or young adults when they think of eating disorders, but they can affect young children as well (Smith, 2018).

5 Figure 5:Eating Disorders among Adolescents, retrieved by: jpg Figure 6: Facts about eating disorders in children, retrieved by: act=8&ved=2ahukewik5f7e9ujgahvnyk0khubqczkqjrx6bagbea U&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boldsky.com%2Fpregnancy-parenting %2Fkids%2F2015%2Ffacts-about-eating-disorders-in-children html&psig=AOvVaw102zzqziFFu3f7y95FMNQl&ust= Figure 7: The Barbie Doll Effect, retrieved by: -m-3_ jpg Eating disorders have been diagnosed in children as young as seven or eight years of age (NEDA.org) Video:

6 Etiology Biological factors: Inherited, Family history (NEDA.org) Environmental issues, like peer pressure, or psychological stressors, including trauma, can also increase a child s susceptibility to developing an eating disorder (NEDA.org) Sociocultural influences (NEDA.org) Psychological traits (Neda.org) Figure 8: National Eating Disorders Association, retrieved by: 2Fneda3%2Fimages%2Flogo_main.png&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationaleatingdisorders.org%2Fhelp-support%2 Fcontact-helpline&docid=g0HXSO7Hwsp5BM&tbnid=Jyzz0ld5NFO21M%3A&vet=10ahUKEwiTj4HijejgAhWCnoMKHcpPA 0AQMwg5KAAwAA..i&w=1114&h=506&bih=798&biw=1707&q=national%20eating%20disorder%20association&ved=0ahUKE witj4hijejgahwcnomkhcppa0aqmwg5kaawaa&iact=mrc&uact=8

7 Psychopathology - Similar to adults with DSM-5 - Affects child cognitive function (NEDA.org) - Negative impact on behavior and school performance (NEDA.org) - Leads to deficiencies that affect memory & ability to concentrate (NEDA.org) - Withdrawn (NEDA.org) Figure 9: The powerof treating eating disorders and trauma, retrieved by: _XS-300x200.jpg

8 Pathophysiology - Main focus on OSFED - Mild AN (Rosen 2010) - Stunted Growth (Bould 2017) - Compromised Immune System (NEDA.org)

9 Diagnosis - Similar to other age groups suffering from ED - Biological and Environmental - Missing linear growth benchmarks* - Changes from DSM-IV to DSM-V - Limiting Children Specific EDNOS to all age OSFED - ARFID - Expansion of ED/Variation of OSFED (Kelly 2014)

10 Reminders - PICA, RD, and ARFID from Childhood Disorders to OSFED - AN: Removal of amenorrhea and inclusion of either fear of gaining weight or presence of continued habits stopping weight gain - BN: Reduced frequency of purge episodes to 1x weekly - BED: Now recognized as disorder, 1x weekly in at least 3 months

11 Treatment (Nutritional Rehabilitation) - Nutritional rehabilitation options: - Inpatient hospitalization - Partial hospitalization - Residential programs - Outpatient treatment - Pharmacotherapy - Lack of evidence for effectiveness in children (Campbell and Peebles, 2014). Figure 12. [Woman eating breakfast] (2018). Retrieved from -anorexia-nervosa- recovery

12 Treatment (Psychotherapy) - Interpersonal Psychotherapy (ITP) (Kelly, Shank, Bakalar, & Tanofsky-Kraff, 2014). - Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) - Focused on emotions and behaviors - Limited to BN and BED (Mairs and Nicholls, 2016) - Family Based Therapy (FBT) - Family = support system - 3 phases: Physical, Behavioral, and Psychological - More protective against relapse - Limited to AN (Rosen, 2010) Figure 13. [Family Therapy Session] (2017). Retrieved from ns-severe/.

13 Recovery - Behavioral: - Normalized eating patterns - Physical: - Pubertal progression - Full weight gain - Reversal of organ damage - Linear growth - Psychological: - Increased self-esteem - Improved interpersonal and psychosocial relations - Self evaluation weight and body shape (Campbell and Peebles, 2014). Figure 14. Teen Boy Eating Sandwich [Digital Image]. (2018). Retrieved from k-video-teen-boy-eating-sandwich.html. Figure 15. [Group of preteen friends] (2015). Retrieved from older-child-adoption/the-questions-youre-too-afraid-to-ask-abo ut-older-child-adoption/attachment/preteens/.

14 Conclusion - A newly explored age group - Changes in DSM-5 has generalized ED for the public to include more milder cases - An improvement for children because earlier intervention the better - Family based therapy is not the only treatment for preteens, but shows the most promising results Figure 16. [Eating disorder scale] (2017). Retieved from

15 Questions?

16 Text References Bould H., Newbegin C., Stewart A., Stein A., and Fazel M. (2017). Eating Disorders in Children and Young People. BMJ, 359, Campbell, K. and Peebles, R. (2014). Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents: State of the Art Review. Pediatrics, 134(3), doi: /peds Channel, R. T. (2013, February 26). Report: Eating disorders occuring more frequently among children. Retrieved from Health Consequences. (2018, February 22). Retrieved from health-consequences. Kelly, N. R., Shank L.M., Bakalar, J.L., and Tanofsky-Kraff M. (2014). Pediatric Feeding and Eating Disorders: Current State of Diagnosis and Treatment. Current Psychiatry Reports, 16(5), 446. doi: /s z.

17 Text References (cont.) Mairs, R. and Nicholls, D. (2016). Assessment and Treatment of Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 101(12), doi: /archdischild Preteen. (n.d.). Retrieved from Rosen, D. S. (2010). Clinical Report Identification and Management of Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents. American Academy of Pediatrics, 126(6). Speaking Up: Stigma And Eating Disorders. (2018, September 10). Retrieved from

18 Image References [Boy over-exercising]. (2017). Retrieved from /08/ / jpg. [Eating disorder scale] (2017). Retieved from [Family therapy session] (2017). Retrieved from [Girl unwilling to to eat] (2019). Retrieved from Chef_Mom/Child-with-eating-disorder.jpg. [Group of preteen friends] (2015). Retrieved from e-too-afraid-to-ask-about-older-child-adoption/attachment/preteens/.

19 Image References (cont.) Teen Boy Eating Sandwich [Digital Image]. (2018). Retrieved from stock-video-teen-boy-eating-sandwich.html. [Woman eating breakfast] (2018). Retrieved from recovery

20 Class Questions 1. What nutrient deficiency affects the memory and ability to concentrate? 2. Why is family based therapy one of the best forms of psychotherapy for children? 3. What physiological marker may be a sign of an eating disorder for pre-adolescent children?