MAKING CONNECTIONS. Data from this graph support the conclusion that World War I

Transcription

1 MAKING CONNECTIONS Data from this graph support the conclusion that World War I A. was a significant benefit to the American economy B. caused the United States trade deficit to increase C. cost the United States many billions of dollars D. created an unfavorable balance of trade

2 LIST THE OBJECTS OR PEOPLE YOU SEE IN THE CARTOON LIST WHAT YOU THINK EACH SYMBOL MEANS DESCRIBE THE ACTION TAKING PLACE IN THE CARTOON. WHAT POLITICAL EVENT OR IDEA IS THE CARTOON REFERRING TO? WHAT CONCLUSIONS CAN YOU DRAW ABOUT THE CARTOONIST S OPINION? WHAT SPECIFIC DETAILS IN THE CARTOON LED YOU TO THIS CONCLUSION?

3 LIST THE OBJECTS OR PEOPLE YOU SEE IN THE CARTOON LIST WHAT YOU THINK EACH SYMBOL MEANS DESCRIBE THE ACTION TAKING PLACE IN THE CARTOON. WHAT POLITICAL EVENT OR IDEA IS THE CARTOON REFERRING TO? WHAT CONCLUSIONS CAN YOU DRAW ABOUT THE CARTOONIST S OPINION? WHAT SPECIFIC DETAILS IN THE CARTOON LED YOU TO THIS CONCLUSION?

4 THE RED SCARE FEAR IN THE U.S. AFTER THE WAR

5 Learning Targets I can define the Red scare. I can explain the cause and effects of the social, political, and economic conflicts of the early 1920 s.

6 COMMUNISM V. SOCIALISM In the United States, there s been a long history of fear of communism and suppression of socialist ideas because the ideas of communism and socialism threaten the individual s right to private wealth. Term Definition Significance Communism Major resources such as mines, factories, and farms are owned by the public/gov t Wealth distributed so everyone is given equal shares Socialism Between capitalism and communism. Gov t might own banks, hospitals, healthcare More taxes = more services. Basic needs are met, but people can earn more if they work harder

7 EMERGING ECONOMIC TENSIONS

8 Emerging Economic Tensions Causes Econ had been centered around war production. No plans for demobilization (transition from wartime to peacetime) 4 million discharged veterans flooded labor market. Effects Recession. Crime increased. Hundreds of factories closed = unemployment & hardship

9 RISING LABOR TENSIONS

10 Rising Labor Tensions Causes Gov t didn t encourage good labor relations. Reduced wages and increased hours Less attention to employee safety. Effects Many joined unions for the first time. Strikes erupted Supreme Court decisions diminished the power of unions.

11 GROWING POLITICAL TENSIONS

12 Causes Growing Political Tensions April bombs discovered and blamed on radicalism. Americans feared radical groups (socialists, communists, anarchists) June bombs went off simultaneously in 8 cities. Effects Red Scare - postwar fear of radicals Palmer Raids - raids on homes and business of suspected radicals with no evidence against them Sedition Acts - illegal to spy, say anything disloyal, or interfere with gov t policy Subversive books were removed from libraries.

13 INCREASING SOCIAL TENSIONS

14 Increasing Social Tensions Causes Nativists and unions wanted to restrict immigration. Anti-Semitism (prejudice against Jews) African Americans faced continuing racism (KKK and race riots) Effects Immigration Acts created quotas and limited immigration from S. and E. Europe and from Asia. Anti-Defamation League created to fight for anti-semitism. American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) created to protect freedom of speech. Early Civil Rights leaders emerged. (W.E.B. Dubois, Booker T. Washington, and Marcus Garvey)

15 SACCO AND VANZETTI Step 1 Read the background of the case provided. Step 2 Write ONE question that would be important to getting the facts straight about this case. What else do we need to know? Whose perspectives do we need to hear?

16 IMPORTANT QUESTIONS Open ended (more than one answer) Closed ended (one answer final)

17 SACCO AND VANZETTI You will be assigned the role of one group that would have been important to this case ACLU Nativists Industrial Workers of the World Owners of Plymouth Cordage Company East Boston Anarchists Officials in the Palmer Raids

18 SACCO AND VANZETTI In response to public protests that greeted the sentencing, Massachusetts Governor Alvan Fuller faced last minute appeals to grant clemency (mercy) to Sacco and Vanzetti. On June 1, 1927, he appointed an advisory committee to review the trial and determine whether it had been fair. A representative from your group will be called to the witness stand for questioning.

19 Facts That Help Sacco s and Vanzetti s Chances for Mercy Facts That Hurt Sacco s and Vanzetti s Chances for Mercy The police did not use a lineup - they placed S. and V. alone in the middle of a room and had them pose as bandits. The defense produced 17 witnesses who provided alibis. They lied about whereabouts because they thought they were going to be labeled radical aliens and deported. Celestino Madeiros wrote a note confessing to the double murder. Judge Thayer refused to consider this new piece of evidence. The jury foreman, Harry Ripley, was a former police chief who detested radicals. On the day of the arrest, S. and V. were carrying loaded guns Sacco and Vanzetti were preparing to hide anarchist literature from the authorities in order to help suspected subversives. S. and V. lied about their whereabouts on the day of the arrest. One witness to the murder provided a precise The prosecution s eyewitnesses provided faulty and accurate description of Sacco testimony A gun expert suggested that one of the bullets from the murdered victim could have been shot from Sacco s gun. Celestino Madeiros could not give a detailed description of the crime or the crime scene. SACCO AND VANZETTI RECAP

20 HISTORICAL RESULT On July 27, 1927, six years after Sacco and Vanzetti were convicted of murder, the Lowell Committee concluded that the trial of the two men had been fair and that clemency for Sacco and Vanzetti was unjustified. That was all Governor Fuller needed. Just after midnight on August 23, 1927, the two men were executed in electric chairs. No proof was ever found to link Vanzetti to the murders. Most scholars who have studied the incident have concluded that Vanzetti was innocent.