ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY. Psychological Disorders. Fast Track Chapter 11 (Bernstein Chapter 15)

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1 ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY Psychological Disorders Fast Track Chapter 11 (Bernstein Chapter 15)

2 Introduction to Abnormal Psychology PSYCHOPATHOLOGY the study of the causes, symptoms, and development of psychological or mental disorders MENTAL DISORDERS characterized by deviant, maladaptive, or harmful behaviors and disruptive patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting that cause distress and dysfunction and affect the performance of daily functions Approximately 60 million Americans have or are suffering from mental disorders. Roughly half of all Americans will experience some form of mental illness by age 75. Symptoms tend to first be exhibited in childhood. Many affect economic, gender, and ethnic groups equally. Due to flaws in surveys, these numbers may actually be even higher.

3 Defining Abnormal Behavior The most accurate way of defining abnormal behavior is to examine whether the behavior impairs or interferes with a person s ability to function. This practical approach to defining abnormal behavior: 1. examines the behavior being displayed, 2. compares it to established norms in a sociocultural context, and 3. identifies the consequences associated with the behavior. This approach focuses on how a person s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors affect (or interfere with) his/her home life, work, and social functioning.

4 Explaining Psychological Disorders MEDICAL MODEL psychological disorders are actually sicknesses associated with specific symptoms that must be treated medically; led to development of hospitals for the mentally ill NEUROBIOLOGICAL MODEL modern name for the medical model; psychological disorders are the result of biological factors; includes imbalances of bodily processes, brain abnormalities, and genetic influences PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL psychological disorders are the result of psychological processes only; includes interpretation of stressful events, memories from traumatic events, self-defeating attitudes and thinking pattern, and distorted perceptions SOCIOCULTURAL MODEL psychological disorders result from societal roles and expectations, environmental location, gender, age, ethnicity, and social and cultural definitions of normal and abnormal behavior BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL psychological disorders are the result of the combination and interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors DIATHESIS-STRESS MODEL the amount and type of stress play a crucial role in triggering genetic predispositions, which could result in psychological disorders

Classifying Psychological Disorders Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) reference book written by a collection of individuals used by all

(2000) provides specific guidelines that must be met for someone to be diagnosed and labeled with a given disorder guidelines listing factors identified through the

5 Classifying Psychological Disorders Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) reference book written by a collection of individuals used by all psychologists for identifying and classifying psychological disorders first published by the American Psychological Association (APA) in 1952 latest edition, DSM-IV-TR (2000) provides specific guidelines that must be met for someone to be diagnosed and labeled with a given disorder guidelines listing factors identified through the biopsychosocial model, provide a checklist for psychologists in determining causes of disorders individuals evaluated on five dimensions represented by five axes (see handout)

6 SCHIZOPHRENIA BORDERLINE MANIC Labeling Psychological Disorders NARCISSISTIC DEPRESSION BIPOLAR OCD Some believe labels cause more harm than good. Labeling leads others to treat the labeled differently. Psychiatrist Thomas Szasz says descriptions of individuals are better than labels. Labels don t include unique qualities that are part of a description of a person. Labeled people tend to act/live up to the expectations and characteristics of the label, hindering improvement.

7 Anxiety Disorders Phobia Generalized Anxiety Disorder Panic Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

8 Somatoform Disorders Conversion Disorder Hypochondriasis Somatization Disorder Pain Disorder

9 Dissociative Disorders Dissociative Fugue Dissociative Amnesia Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder

10 Mood Disorders Major Depressive Disorder also referred to as Unipolar Disorder Dysthymic Disorder Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) Bipolar I Disorder formerly called Manic Depressive Disorder Bipolar II Disorder Cyclothymic Disorder Hypomania

11 Schizophrenia Paranoid Schizophrenia Disorganized Schizophrenia Catatonic Schizophrenia Undifferentiated Schizophrenia Residual Schizophrenia

12 Personality Disorders Paranoid Avoidant Schizoid Histrionic Schizotypal Narcissistic Dependent Borderline Obsessive-Compulsive Antisocial

13 Other Disorders Psychological Disorders of Childhood Externalizing/Undercontrolled Disorders (Conduct Disorders, ADHD) Internalizing/Overcontrolled Disorders (Separation Anxiety Disorder) Pervasive Developmental Disorders (Autism Spectrum Disorder) Substance-Related Disorders psychoactive drug addiction alcoholism other drug-dependence disorders (heroin, cocaine)

14 Mental Illness & the Law U.S. Legal Protection for Individuals with Psychological Disorders Protection from Prosecution Protection from Punishment Criticisms of Legal Protections for the Mentally Ill Legal Reforms

15 ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY Project A 10-Minute Overview of an APA-Recognized Category of Psychological Disorders DESCRIBE your assigned DSM-IV-TR category of disorders. DEFINE and EXPLAIN the specific disorders related to your category. This includes diagnostic criteria, symptoms, and etiology (possible causes or origin) of these disorders. INCLUDE web links to video examples of your category illustrating some of the disorders in your assigned category. DISCUSS the methods most often used to treat the disorders in your category as well as the effectiveness of these treatments.

True or False? Chapter 14 Psychological Disorders. What is Abnormal Behavior? 12/9/10. Characteristics of Abnormal Behavior

True or False? Chapter 14 Psychological Disorders. What is Abnormal Behavior? 12/9/10. Characteristics of Abnormal Behavior Chapter 14 Psychological Disorders Defining Abnormality Classifying Psychological Disorders Origins of Psychological Disorders True or False? Abnormal behaviors are always bizarre. A clear distinction