Enhancement of non-dominant hand motor function by anodal transcranial direct current stimulation

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Enhancement of non-dominant hand motor function by anodal transcranial direct current stimulation"

Transcription

1 Neuroscience Letters 404 (2006) Enhancement of non-dominant hand motor function by anodal transcranial direct current stimulation Paulo S. Boggio b,c,, Letícia O. Castro c, Edna A. Savagim c, Renata Braite c, Viviane C. Cruz c, Renata R. Rocha c, Sergio P. Rigonatti b, Maria T.A. Silva b, Felipe Fregni a,b, a Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, KS 452, Boston, MA 02215, USA b Department of Experimental Psychology and Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil c Nucleo de Neurociencias, Psychology School, Mackenzie University, Sao Paulo, Brazil Received 17 February 2006; received in revised form 18 April 2006; accepted 29 May 2006 Abstract Transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs) is a non-invasive powerful method to modulate brain activity. It can enhance motor learning and working memory in healthy subjects. To investigate the effects of anodal tdcs (1 ma, 20 min) of the dominant and non-dominant primary motor cortex (M1) on hand motor performance in healthy right-handed volunteers, healthy subjects underwent one session of both sham and active anodal stimulation of the non-dominant or dominant primary motor cortex. A blinded rater assessed motor function using the Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test. For the non-dominant hand, active tdcs was able to improve motor function significantly there was a significant interaction between time and condition of stimulation (p = 0.003). Post hoc tests showed a significant enhancement of JTT performance after 1 ma anodal tdcs of M1 (mean improvement of 9.41%, p = ), but not after sham tdcs (mean improvement of 1.3%, p = 0.84). For the dominant hand, however, neither active nor sham tdcs resulted in a significant change in motor performance. Our findings show that anodal tdcs of the non-dominant primary motor cortex results in motor function enhancement and thus confirm and extend the notion that tdcs can change behavior. We speculate that the under-use of the non-dominant hand with its associated consequences in cortical plasticity might be one of the reasons to explain motor performance enhancement in the non-dominant hand only Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Primary motor cortex; Transcranial direct current stimulation; Motor function performance; Brain polarization; tdcs The development of non-invasive techniques of brain stimulation, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs), has opened new windows of opportunities to modulate brain function in a painless and non-invasive way, and thus behavioral changes are possible depending on the parameters of stimulation, such as intensity, duration and site of stimulation. For instance, it has been demonstrated that rtms can improve motor function in healthy subjects [13] and stroke patients [16] as well as work- Correspondence to: Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, KS 452, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Corresponding author at: Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, KS 452, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Tel.: ; fax: addresses: boggio@usp.br (P.S. Boggio), ffregni@bidmc.harvard.edu (F. Fregni). ing memory [11] in healthy subjects and in patients with major depression [17]. Similarly, tdcs has been associated with an improvement in motor learning and working memory in normal subjects [6,12] and motor performance in stroke patients [5,7]. In tdcs, a weak electric current is applied continuously between two electrodes positioned on the scalp with the effects depending on the position and polarity of the electrodes, i.e., whereas anodal stimulation increases cortical excitability, cathodal stimulation decreases it [18]. Recently Hummel et al. [7] and our group [5] demonstrated that anodal tdcs of the lesioned primary motor cortex in patients with chronic stroke results in an improvement in the distal motor skill as measured by the Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test. We set out to investigate whether similar motor improvement could be achieved in healthy right-handed subjects. We delivered stimulation to both the dominant and non-dominant hemispheres. The rationale of testing both hemispheres is that differences in the use of the dominant hand and non-dominant hand could /$ see front matter 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. doi: /j.neulet

2 P.S. Boggio et al. / Neuroscience Letters 404 (2006) mimic at some extent the differences between the paretic and non-paretic hands in stroke patients. The asymmetric use of the non-dominant compared to the dominant hand results in a relatively decreased dexterity of the non-dominant hand, extensively demonstrated in the literature [2,24]. This asymmetric motor skill can be explained not only by decreased use and training of the hand muscles, but also by the relatively decreased cortical excitability in the non-dominant motor cortex. Indeed TMS studies showed that the dominant, compared to the non-dominant, motor cortex is characterized by having a lower motor threshold, higher motor evoked potential [4] and shorter silent period [25]. Therefore, tdcs could represent an effective means to increase the excitability in the non-dominant motor cortex and thus enhance the motor performance. An additional importance of this study lies in the fact that tdcs may represent in the future an important alternative therapy for motor recovery in stroke patients and therefore this study provides additional evidence regarding the behavioral motor effects of this technique. Eight healthy subjects (all females) participated in this study. The age range was years (mean of 22.8 years). Lefthanded subjects were excluded as the laterality in the motor hand function detected by neuropsychological tests might not be present in these subjects [24]. The Edinburgh Handedness Inventory was used to determine handedness. All subjects were college students, thus all shared the same level of education. Subjects gave informed consent and the local Human Subjects Review Committee (Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil) approved the study, which was conducted in strict adherence to the Declaration of Helsinki. Eight subjects participated in experiment 1. In this experiment, each participant underwent two different treatments: sham and active anodal tdcs of primary motor cortex of the nondominant hand (right hemisphere). The order of these conditions was counterbalanced and randomized across subjects. There was an interval of at least 48 h between each session of tdcs to minimize carryover effects and contamination of the sham stimulation session by a preceding real tdcs session. Initially, in order to familiarize subjects with the Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test, they performed this test 10 times. This number of practice sessions was sufficient to reach a stable performance as suggested by a previous study [7]. Subjects were then randomized to receive sham or active tdcs treatment. For each condition of stimulation, subjects performed the task three times for the baseline (pre-treatment) evaluation and three times after the stimulation. Five of the subjects who participated in experiment 1 also participated in experiment 2. This experiment was similar to experiment 1, however the left, dominant primary motor cortex was targeted in this experiment. Importantly, there was an interval period of 6 months between the two experiments, and therefore subjects performed the same training session of the Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test. Direct current was transferred by a saline-soaked pair of surface sponge electrodes (35 cm 2 ) and delivered by a specially developed, battery-driven, constant current stimulator (Schneider Electronic, Gleichen, Germany). To stimulate the primary motor cortex (M1), the anodal electrode was placed over C3 or C4 (international 10/20 EEG system). The other electrode was placed over the contralateral supraorbital area. A constant current of 1 ma intensity was applied for 20 min this parameter of stimulation is safe according to past human studies [8,19,20]. Subjects felt the current as an itching sensation at both electrodes at the beginning of the stimulation. For the sham stimulation, the electrodes were placed in the same position; however, the stimulator was turned off after 30 s [7]. In addition, for both conditions (active and sham stimulation), current intensity was gradually increased and decreased (ramp up and down) during the period of 10 s. This procedure blinded subjects to the respective stimulation conditions [18]. The Jebsen Taylor (JTT) Hand Function Test [10] was designed as a broad measure of hand function and is widely used by physical and occupational therapists in clinical practice and clinical trials. The details of this test are described elsewhere [5,7]. As we were assessing the after-effects of tdcs, subjects performed JTT immediately before and after tdcs. Both at baseline and immediately after, subjects performed this test three times (there was no interval between each test). Because the total performance time for these three tasks was not superior to 5 min, this was adequate to evaluate the after-effects of tdcs as a previous study showed that the effects of 13 min of tdcs on cortical excitability can last up to 90 minutes [21]. A rater blinded to the experimental and treatment conditions evaluated subjects performance. The primary outcome for analysis was change in the total time of JTT performance. Analyses were done with Statistica for Windows (version 6.1, USA). The distribution of these data was assessed using the Shapiro Wilk test; homogeneity of variance was assessed by Levene s test. Because these tests showed that these data were normally and homogeneously distributed, tests with the assumptions of normal distribution were used. A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to study the main effect of time (pre- and post-tdcs) and condition (active tdcs and sham tdcs) and the interaction term time condition on total JTT time. We performed different models for experiments 1 and 2 as the number of subjects was not the same in these two experiments. Finally, we performed additional models in which the dependent variable was the time to perform the JTT subtests (cards, small objects, feeding, checkers, light and heavy cans). For the pre-stimulation performance, we averaged the three baseline tests, and for the post-stimulation performance, we averaged the three tests performed post-treatment. We also performed an ANOVA to investigate a possible treatment order effect by comparing subjects performance between sham tdcs first and active tdcs first. When appropriate, post hoc comparisons were carried out using Tukey s HSD test. Furthermore, comparison between baseline (mean of the three baseline tests) and the last three trials of the training phase (mean of the last three tests of training period) was performed using Student s t-test. This analysis was performed for both experiments. Data are reported as mean and standard deviation if not stated otherwise. Statistical significance refers to a two-tailed p-value <0.05. All subjects tolerated tdcs well and there were no adverse effects related to the application of this therapy. All subjects

3 234 P.S. Boggio et al. / Neuroscience Letters 404 (2006) Fig. 1. Motor performance (total execution time in seconds) before and after sham and active tdcs of the primary motor cortex in the non-dominant hemisphere (training phase, baseline and after stimulation). For the training phase, we show the result of each individual trial (note that there was no interval between training trials). For baseline and after stimulation tests, results were averaged. Each point represents mean motor function performance and error bars represent standard deviation. underwent training and reached a performance plateau as shown in Fig. 1. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in motor performance between the last three sessions of training and baseline. A two-way ANOVA with repeated measures on time showed that the main effect of group was not significant (F 1,14 = 0.9, p = 0.36), but there was a significant effect of time (F 1,14 = 22.3, p = ) and significant interaction effect (F 1,14 = 12.6, p = 0.003). Post hoc comparisons demonstrated that motor performance after anodal tdcs was significantly improved (p = , mean improvement of 9.41%) when compared to baseline. There was no significant motor performance change after sham stimulation (p = 0.84, mean performance change of 1.3%). Fig. 1 shows the results of motor performance during the training phase and at baseline and post-treatment after sham and active anodal tdcs (Fig. 2 shows details of the motor performance at baseline and post-treatment for the active tdcs group). Interestingly the results were consistent for four of the subtests of the JTT test, i.e., individual ANOVAs for each subtest found a significant interaction effect between time (pre- and Fig. 2. Motor performance (total execution time in seconds) before and after active tdcs of the primary motor cortex in the non-dominant and dominant hemisphere (baseline and after stimulation note that there was no interval between trials at the baseline or after stimulation). Each point represents mean motor function performance and error bars represent standard deviation. post-stimulation) and condition of stimulation for the following subtests: turning over cards (F = 7.7, p = 0.015), picking up small objects (F = 10.4, p = ), moving large empty cans (F = 8.4, p = 0.012) and moving large weighted cans (F = 8.7, p = 0.010). Table 1 shows the performance of each group (anodal and sham tdcs) in each JTT subtest. Finally, we tested for an order effect. The motor performance was evaluated considering the order of stimulation (active and sham tdcs). The result of the repeated measures ANOVA showed that there was no significant effect of order of stimulation on motor performance (F < 1 for the main term of order). We repeated the same analysis for experiment 2 (dominant hand). Initially we performed a two-way repeated measures ANOVA in order to test whether the motor performance was correlated with stimulation condition and time (pre- and post-treatment). This analysis disclosed that there was no significant group effect (F 1,8 = 0.27, p = 0.61), time effect (F 1,8 = 0.81, p = 0.39) or interaction (time group) effect (F 1,8 = 0.37 p = 0.56). Indeed the absolute values showed the lack of effects after active stimulation in this experiment: in the active group there was a mean improvement in the motor function of 0.81% only (compared to 9.4% of the non-dominant hand Table 1 JTT time (csec) for each subtask (experiment 1) Anodal Sham ANOVA Pre Post Pre Post F p Cards * 314 ± ± ± ± Small objects * 535 ± ± ± ± Feeding 744 ± ± ± ± Checkers 318 ± ± ± ± Light cans * 383 ± ± ± ± Heavy cans * 424 ± ± ± ± * Significant at p < Values are mean ± S.D. for non-dominant hand performance.

4 P.S. Boggio et al. / Neuroscience Letters 404 (2006) under the same experimental conditions). Because the results of experiment 2 showed no significant effect of active tdcs on motor function, we did not proceed with the post hoc tests and additional analyses (see Fig. 2 for details). The main finding of our study was a significant enhancement of motor performance of the non-dominant hand as indexed by the Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test after active, but not sham, tdcs of the contralateral primary motor cortex. In addition, active and sham tdcs of the dominant primary motor cortex did not result in a significant hand motor function improvement. The motor function enhancement after anodal tdcs of M1 is in line with other studies that showed an improvement in motor function and other aspects of cognition induced by tdcs. Nitsche et al. [22] showed that anodal tdcs improves a serial reaction time task performance when the primary motor, but not the premotor or the prefrontal, cortex is stimulated [22]. In two other studies from the same group, Antal et al. [1] showed that the performance in a visuo-motor task is increased significantly in the early learning phase during anodal stimulation of M1 and V5 (middle temporal cortex) and Kincses et al. [12] showed that anodal prefrontal stimulation improves implicit learning (as measured by a probabilistic classification learning task). Finally, Fregni et al. [6] showed that working memory enhancement occurs after anodal tdcs of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. This evidence suggests that anodal tdcs might improve cognitive function focally, which might be explained by its effects on the neuronal membrane, i.e., anodal tdcs is associated with a depolarization of the neural tissue [26] that might facilitate the overall neural activity of the stimulated area. Indeed, animals studies have shown that anodal tdcs increases the neural firing rate in the stimulated area [3]. The results of this investigation should be compared to similar studies in stroke patients. Two studies, using the same methodology, showed that anodal stimulation of the affected M1 improves motor function of the paretic hand [5,7]. The magnitude of motor improvement as indexed by the JTT was 6.7% in Fregni s study and 8.9% in Hummel s study, similar to the motor improvement of 9.4% shown in this study. This finding raises an interesting hypothesis: perhaps the motor improvement observed in stroke patients after anodal tdcs is due to the reversal of the deleterious effects of the decreased use of the affected hand, as this is similar to the improvement in the non-dominant hand in healthy subjects. This hypothesis is also in line with the therapeutic effects of constraint-induced therapy, which improves motor function by forcing the use of the paretic hand, and in which successful treatment is associated with an increase in the local cortical excitability [15] (mimicking the effects of anodal tdcs). The fact that the improvement of the motor function was obtained in the non-dominant hand, rather than the dominant hand, needs to be further discussed. Such results suggest that under-use of one of the hands leads to functional changes in the non-dominant motor cortex that can contribute to the decreased dexterity of this hand and that can be reversed partially by facilitation of this area by anodal tdcs. In this case, the lack of effects in the dominant hemisphere might be due to a ceiling effect: given that this area is already optimally activated, an additional increase in the excitability by anodal tdcs would not result in additional behavioral benefits for these subjects. On the other hand, the relative lack of use of the non-dominant hand might result in an asymmetric cortical excitability between the dominant and non-dominant hemisphere (i.e., the non-dominant M1 showing a decreased excitability compared to the dominant M1) and therefore a focal increase in the motor cortex excitability of the non-dominant hemisphere might equal the excitability between both hemispheres, accounting for the motor enhancement. Interestingly, when the dominant hemisphere is inhibited using 1-Hz rtms, its performance decreases to the level of the non-dominant hemisphere [9]; therefore, indicating that the increased excitability in the dominant primary motor cortex is indeed partially responsible for the superior motor performance of the dominant hand. Analogously, a stroke leads to a decrease of the activity in the lesioned hemisphere and therefore this decreased activity might represent the functional component of the motor deficits that can be reversed partially by anodal tdcs as shown by behavioral [5,7] and neurophysiological [7] data. In our study, we aimed to explore the impact of the aftereffects of tdcs on motor function. It has been demonstrated that the weak current delivered by tdcs causes a subthreshold hyper- or depolarization that results in a prolonged change in the cortical excitability that outlasts the period of stimulation [21]. In two elegant studies from the same group, Liebetanz et al. [14] and Nitsche et al. [23] showed that the after-effects of tdcs might be associated with a change in the synaptic strengthening due to a modulation of NMDA receptors. Liebetanz et al. [14] showed that a NMDA-receptor antagonist, dextromethorphan, suppresses the after-effects of both anodal and cathodal DC stimulation on motor cortical excitability, therefore, suggesting an association between NMDA receptors and DC-induced neuroplasticity [14]. Another evidence suggesting that the motor performance change in our study might have been associated with changes in the synaptic strengthening comes from a recent study showing that memantine, a NMDA-antagonist, can block training-induced (as obtained by repetitive synchronized movement of two limbs) cortex plasticity as indexed by motor output map changes [27]. Therefore, in light of these previous studies, further studies should explore whether the behavioral improvement observed in our study can be blocked by NMDA antagonists, and thus shed light on the mechanisms of action of tdcs on motor function modulation. One can argue, based on our findings, that the differences in the motor performance change after tdcs between the dominant and non-dominant hand is due to the parameters of stimulation. In other words, the current intensity and duration might not have been strong enough to induce behavioral effects in the dominant hand; however, we believe that this alternative explanation is unlikely due to the reasons aforementioned. Our findings show that anodal tdcs of the primary motor cortex can enhance motor performance of the non-dominant hand in healthy subjects. Future studies evaluating the effects of tdcs coupled with motor training could indeed reveal an approach of motor function enhancement that might be used in stroke patients.

5 236 P.S. Boggio et al. / Neuroscience Letters 404 (2006) Acknowledgements F.F. was supported by a grant within the Harvard Medical School Scholars in Clinical Science Program (NIH K30 HL ). The authors are thankful to Barbara Bonetti for the invaluable administrative support and to Naomi Bass Pitskel for the editorial suggestions. References [1] A. Antal, M.A. Nitsche, T.Z. Kincses, W. Kruse, K.P. Hoffmann, W. Paulus, Facilitation of visuo-motor learning by transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor and extrastriate visual areas in humans, Eur. J. Neurosci. 19 (2004) [2] C.A. Armstrong, J.A. Oldham, A comparison of dominant and nondominant hand strengths, J. Hand. Surg. [Br] 24 (1999) [3] L.J. Bindman, O.C. Lippold, J.W. Redfearn, The action of brief polarizing currents on the cerebral cortex of the rat (1) during current flow and (2) in the production of long-lasting after-effects, J. Physiol. 172 (1964) [4] L. De Gennaro, R. Cristiani, M. Bertini, G. Curcio, M. Ferrara, F. Fratello, V. Romei, P.M. Rossini, Handedness is mainly associated with an asymmetry of corticospinal excitability and not of transcallosal inhibition, Clin. Neurophysiol. 115 (2004) [5] F. Fregni, P.S. Boggio, C.G. Mansur, T. Wagner, M.J. Ferreira, M.C. Lima, S.P. Rigonatti, M.A. Marcolin, S.D. Freedman, M.A. Nitsche, A. Pascual-Leone, Transcranial direct current stimulation of the unaffected hemisphere in stroke patients, Neuroreport 16 (2005) [6] F. Fregni, P.S. Boggio, M. Nitsche, F. Bermpohl, A. Antal, E. Feredoes, M.A. Marcolin, S.P. Rigonatti, M.T. Silva, W. Paulus, A. Pascual- Leone, Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of prefrontal cortex enhances working memory, Exp. Brain Res. 166 (2005) [7] F. Hummel, P. Celnik, P. Giraux, A. Floel, W.H. Wu, C. Gerloff, L.G. Cohen, Effects of non-invasive cortical stimulation on skilled motor function in chronic stroke, Brain 128 (2005) [8] M.B. Iyer, U. Mattu, J. Grafman, M. Lomarev, S. Sato, E.M. Wassermann, Safety and cognitive effect of frontal DC brain polarization in healthy individuals, Neurology 64 (2005) [9] L. Jancke, H. Steinmetz, S. Benilow, U. Ziemann, Slowing fastest finger movements of the dominant hand with low-frequency rtms of the hand area of the primary motor cortex, Exp. Brain Res. 155 (2004) [10] R.H. Jebsen, N. Taylor, R.B. Trieschmann, M.J. Trotter, L.A. Howard, An objective and standardized test of hand function, Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 50 (1969) [11] I. Kahn, A. Pascual-Leone, H. Theoret, F. Fregni, D. Clark, A.D. Wagner, Transient disruption of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex during verbal encoding affects subsequent memory performance, J. Neurophysiol. 94 (2005) [12] T.Z. Kincses, A. Antal, M.A. Nitsche, O. Bartfai, W. Paulus, Facilitation of probabilistic classification learning by transcranial direct current stimulation of the prefrontal cortex in the human, Neuropsychologia 42 (2004) [13] M. Kobayashi, S. Hutchinson, H. Theoret, G. Schlaug, A. Pascual-Leone, Repetitive TMS of the motor cortex improves ipsilateral sequential simple finger movements, Neurology 62 (2004) [14] D. Liebetanz, M.A. Nitsche, F. Tergau, W. Paulus, Pharmacological approach to the mechanisms of transcranial DC-stimulation-induced after-effects of human motor cortex excitability, Brain 125 (2002) [15] J. Liepert, H. Bauder, H.R. Wolfgang, W.H. Miltner, E. Taub, C. Weiller, Treatment-induced cortical reorganization after stroke in humans, Stroke 31 (2000) [16] C.G. Mansur, F. Fregni, P.S. Boggio, M. Riberto, J. Gallucci-Neto, C.M. Santos, T. Wagner, S.P. Rigonatti, M.A. Marcolin, A. Pascual-Leone, A sham stimulation-controlled trial of rtms of the unaffected hemisphere in stroke patients, Neurology 64 (2005) [17] B. Martis, D. Alam, S.M. Dowd, S.K. Hill, R.P. Sharma, C. Rosen, N. Pliskin, E. Martin, V. Carson, P.G. Janicak, Neurocognitive effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in severe major depression, Clin. Neurophysiol. 114 (2003) [18] M.A. Nitsche, D. Liebetanz, A. Antal, N. Lang, F. Tergau, W. Paulus, Modulation of cortical excitability by weak direct current stimulation technical, safety and functional aspects, Suppl. Clin. Neurophysiol. 56 (2003) [19] M.A. Nitsche, D. Liebetanz, N. Lang, A. Antal, F. Tergau, W. Paulus, Safety criteria for transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs) in humans, Clin. Neurophysiol. 114 (2003) (author reply ). [20] M.A. Nitsche, L. Niehaus, K.T. Hoffmann, S. Hengst, D. Liebetanz, W. Paulus, B.U. Meyer, MRI study of human brain exposed to weak direct current stimulation of the frontal cortex, Clin. Neurophysiol. 115 (2004) [21] M.A. Nitsche, W. Paulus, Sustained excitability elevations induced by transcranial DC motor cortex stimulation in humans, Neurology 57 (2001) [22] M.A. Nitsche, A. Schauenburg, N. Lang, D. Liebetanz, C. Exner, W. Paulus, F. Tergau, Facilitation of implicit motor learning by weak transcranial direct current stimulation of the primary motor cortex in the human, J. Cogn. Neurosci. 15 (2003) [23] M.A. Nitsche, A. Seeber, K. Frommann, C.C. Klein, C. Rochford, M.S. Nitsche, K. Fricke, D. Liebetanz, N. Lang, A. Antal, W. Paulus, F. Tergau, Modulating parameters of excitability during and after transcranial direct current stimulation of the human motor cortex, J. Physiol. 568 (2005) [24] A. Ozcan, Z. Tulum, L. Pinar, F. Baskurt, Comparison of pressure pain threshold, grip strength, dexterity and touch pressure of dominant and non-dominant hands within and between right-and left-handed subjects, J. Korean Med. Sci. 19 (2004) [25] A. Priori, A. Oliviero, E. Donati, L. Callea, L. Bertolasi, J.C. Rothwell, Human handedness and asymmetry of the motor cortical silent period, Exp. Brain Res. 128 (1999) [26] D.P. Purpura, J.G. McMurtry, Intracellular activities and evoked potential changes during polarization of motor cortex, J. Neurophysiol. 28 (1965) [27] P. Schwenkreis, K. Witscher, B. Pleger, J.P. Malin, M. Tegenthoff, The NMDA antagonist memantine affects training induced motor cortex plasticity a study using transcranial magnetic stimulation, BMC Neurosci. 6 (2005) 35.

Modulating activity in the motor cortex affects performance for the two hands differently depending upon which hemisphere is stimulated

Modulating activity in the motor cortex affects performance for the two hands differently depending upon which hemisphere is stimulated E u r o p e a n J o u r n a l o f N e u r o s c i e n c e European Journal of Neuroscience, Vol. 28, pp. 1667 1673, 2008 doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06459.x COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE Modulating activity

More information

Naoyuki Takeuchi, MD, PhD 1, Takeo Tada, MD, PhD 2, Masahiko Toshima, MD 3, Yuichiro Matsuo, MD 1 and Katsunori Ikoma, MD, PhD 1 ORIGINAL REPORT

Naoyuki Takeuchi, MD, PhD 1, Takeo Tada, MD, PhD 2, Masahiko Toshima, MD 3, Yuichiro Matsuo, MD 1 and Katsunori Ikoma, MD, PhD 1 ORIGINAL REPORT J Rehabil Med 2009; 41: 1049 1054 ORIGINAL REPORT REPETITIVE TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION OVER BILATERAL HEMISPHERES ENHANCES MOTOR FUNCTION AND TRAINING EFFECT OF PARETIC HAND IN PATIENTS AFTER STROKE

More information

Can brain stimulation help with relearning movement after stroke?

Can brain stimulation help with relearning movement after stroke? stroke.org.uk Final report summary Can brain stimulation help with relearning movement after stroke? The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on motor learning after stroke PROJECT CODE: TSA

More information

Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on working memory in patients with Parkinson's disease

Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on working memory in patients with Parkinson's disease Journal of the Neurological Sciences 249 (2006) 31 38 www.elsevier.com/locate/jns Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on working memory in patients with Parkinson's disease Paulo S. Boggio

More information

funzioni motorie e cognitive (nella malattia di Parkinson) Laura Avanzino

funzioni motorie e cognitive (nella malattia di Parkinson) Laura Avanzino Department of Experimental Medicine, section of Human Physiology Centre for Parkinson s Disease and Movement Disorders - University of Genoa funzioni motorie e cognitive (nella malattia di Parkinson) Laura

More information

Premotor transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs) affects primary motor excitability in humans

Premotor transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs) affects primary motor excitability in humans European Journal of Neuroscience, Vol. 27, pp. 1292 1300, 2008 doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06090.x Premotor transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs) affects primary motor excitability in humans

More information

Transcranial direct current stimulation: A spark of hope for neurorehabilitation?

Transcranial direct current stimulation: A spark of hope for neurorehabilitation? Transcranial direct current stimulation: A spark of hope for neurorehabilitation? Introduction Neurological diseases and accidents are some of the most traumatic and disabling found in modern medicine.

More information

Rapid Review. Non-invasive brain stimulation: a new strategy to improve neurorehabilitation after stroke?

Rapid Review. Non-invasive brain stimulation: a new strategy to improve neurorehabilitation after stroke? Non-invasive brain stimulation: a new strategy to improve neurorehabilitation after stroke? Friedhelm C Hummel, Leonardo G Cohen Lancet Neurol 2006; 5: 708 12 Human Cortical Physiology Section and Stroke

More information

Short duration transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs) modulates verbal memory

Short duration transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs) modulates verbal memory Brain Stimulation (2012) 5, 468 74 www.brainstimjrnl.com Short duration transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs) modulates verbal memory Amir Homayoun Javadi, a,b Paul Cheng, c Vincent Walsh a,c

More information

Modulation of motor performance and motor learning by transcranial direct current stimulation Janine Reis and Brita Fritsch

Modulation of motor performance and motor learning by transcranial direct current stimulation Janine Reis and Brita Fritsch Modulation of motor performance and motor learning by transcranial direct current stimulation Janine Reis and Brita Fritsch Department of Neurology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany Correspondence

More information

Halo Neuroscience INTRODUCTION. February 10, 2016

Halo Neuroscience INTRODUCTION. February 10, 2016 Bihemispheric Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation with Halo Neurostimulation System over Primary Motor Cortex Enhances Rate of Force Development in an Isometric Lateral Pinch Force Task Halo Neuroscience

More information

LEASE DO NOT COPY. Cognitive Enhancement with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tdcs)

LEASE DO NOT COPY. Cognitive Enhancement with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tdcs) Cognitive Enhancement with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tdcs) David Fischer Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, BIDMC Harvard Medical School Neuroenhancement The enhancement

More information

Sophie C. Andrews, a Kate E. Hoy, a Peter G. Enticott, a Zafiris J. Daskalakis, b Paul B. Fitzgerald a

Sophie C. Andrews, a Kate E. Hoy, a Peter G. Enticott, a Zafiris J. Daskalakis, b Paul B. Fitzgerald a Brain Stimulation (2011) 4, 84 9 www.brainstimjrnl.com Improving working memory: the effect of combining cognitive activity and anodal transcranial direct current stimulation to the left dorsolateral prefrontal

More information

Ronney Jorge S. Raimundo, a,b Carlos E. Uribe, b Joaquim P. Brasil-Neto b ORIGINAL ARTICLES. Comportamento, Brasılia, DF, Brazil

Ronney Jorge S. Raimundo, a,b Carlos E. Uribe, b Joaquim P. Brasil-Neto b ORIGINAL ARTICLES. Comportamento, Brasılia, DF, Brazil Brain Stimulation (2012) 5, 196 200 www.brainstimjrnl.com ORIGINAL ARTICLES Lack of clinically detectable acute changes on autonomic or thermoregulatory functions in healthy subjects after transcranial

More information

Noninvasive Cortical Stimulation With Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Parkinson s Disease

Noninvasive Cortical Stimulation With Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Parkinson s Disease Movement Disorders Vol. 21, No. 10, 2006, pp. 1693 1702 2006 Movement Disorder Society Noninvasive Cortical Stimulation With Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Parkinson s Disease Felipe Fregni,

More information

Patients with disorders of consciousness: how to treat them?

Patients with disorders of consciousness: how to treat them? Patients with disorders of consciousness: how to treat them? Aurore THIBAUT PhD Student Coma Science Group LUCA meeting February 25 th 2015 Pharmacological treatments Amantadine Giacino (2012) 184 TBI

More information

Excitability Changes Induced in the Human Primary Visual Cortex by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: Direct Electrophysiological Evidence

Excitability Changes Induced in the Human Primary Visual Cortex by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: Direct Electrophysiological Evidence Excitability Changes Induced in the Human Primary Visual Cortex by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: Direct Electrophysiological Evidence Andrea Antal, Tamas Z. Kincses, Michael A. Nitsche, Orsolya

More information

Temporal Lobe Cortical Electrical Stimulation during the Encoding and Retrieval Phase Reduces False Memories

Temporal Lobe Cortical Electrical Stimulation during the Encoding and Retrieval Phase Reduces False Memories Temporal Lobe Cortical Electrical Stimulation during the Encoding and Retrieval Phase Reduces False Memories Paulo S. Boggio 2 *, Felipe Fregni 1 *, Claudia Valasek 2, Sophie Ellwood 3, Richard Chi 3,

More information

The Journal of Physiology Neuroscience

The Journal of Physiology Neuroscience J Physiol 591.7 (2013) pp 1987 2000 1987 The Journal of Physiology Neuroscience Partially non-linear stimulation intensity-dependent effects of direct current stimulation on motor cortex excitability in

More information

Recovery mechanisms from aphasia

Recovery mechanisms from aphasia Recovery mechanisms from aphasia Dr. Michal Ben-Shachar 977 Acquired language and reading impairments 1 Research questions Which brain systems can support recovery from aphasia? Which compensatory route

More information

Title: Intra-Subject Consistency and Reliability of Response Following 2mA Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Title: Intra-Subject Consistency and Reliability of Response Following 2mA Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Accepted Manuscript Title: Intra-Subject Consistency and Reliability of Response Following 2mA Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Author: Katherine Dyke, Soyoung Kim, Georgina M. Jackson, Stephen

More information

Introduction to TMS Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Introduction to TMS Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Introduction to TMS Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Lisa Koski, PhD, Clin Psy TMS Neurorehabilitation Lab Royal Victoria Hospital 2009-12-14 BIC Seminar, MNI Overview History, basic principles, instrumentation

More information

Homeostatic effects of plasma valproate levels on corticospinal excitability changes induced by 1 Hz rtms in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

Homeostatic effects of plasma valproate levels on corticospinal excitability changes induced by 1 Hz rtms in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy Clinical Neurophysiology 117 (2006) 1217 1227 www.elsevier.com/locate/clinph Homeostatic effects of plasma valproate levels on corticospinal excitability changes induced by 1 Hz rtms in patients with juvenile

More information

Brain Stimulation. Comparing Cortical Plasticity Induced by Conventional and High-Definition 4 1 Ring tdcs: A Neurophysiological Study

Brain Stimulation. Comparing Cortical Plasticity Induced by Conventional and High-Definition 4 1 Ring tdcs: A Neurophysiological Study Brain Stimulation 6 (2013) 644e648 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Brain Stimulation journal homepage: www.brainstimjrnl.com Original Articles Comparing Cortical Plasticity Induced by

More information

Effect of Different Frequencies of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Motor Function Recovery after Acute Ischemic Stroke

Effect of Different Frequencies of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Motor Function Recovery after Acute Ischemic Stroke M.A. Etribi et al. Effect of Different Frequencies of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Motor Function Recovery after Acute Ischemic Stroke M.A. Etribi 1, E.M. Khedr 2, M.H. Elrakawy 1, A.M.

More information

tdcs in Clinical Disorders

tdcs in Clinical Disorders HBM Educational course Brain Stimulation: Past, Present and Future Hamburg, June 8th, 2014 tdcs in Clinical Disorders Agnes Flöel NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Neurology, & Center for Stroke Research

More information

Neuroscience Letters

Neuroscience Letters Neuroscience Letters 588 (215) 49 53 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Neuroscience Letters journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/neulet Short communication Dual-hemisphere transcranial direct

More information

Transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) is an emerging technique of noninvasive

Transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) is an emerging technique of noninvasive NEUROLOGICAL REVIEW SECTION EDITOR: DAVID E. PLEASURE, MD Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Stroke Recovery Gottfried Schlaug, MD, PhD; Vijay Renga, MD; Dinesh Nair, MD, PhD Transcranial direct

More information

TREATMENT-SPECIFIC ABNORMAL SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN EARLY PARKINSON S DISEASE

TREATMENT-SPECIFIC ABNORMAL SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN EARLY PARKINSON S DISEASE TREATMENT-SPECIFIC ABNORMAL SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN EARLY PARKINSON S DISEASE Angel Lago-Rodriguez 1, Binith Cheeran 2 and Miguel Fernández-Del-Olmo 3 1. Prism Lab, Behavioural Brain Sciences, School of

More information

Clinical Applications of tdcs: past, present and future

Clinical Applications of tdcs: past, present and future Clinical Applications of tdcs: past, present and future Felipe Fregni, MD, PhD, MPH, MMSc, MEd Spaulding Neuromodulation Center Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard

More information

Commentary 1 Toward New Therapeutics in Depression: tdcs s Secrets

Commentary 1 Toward New Therapeutics in Depression: tdcs s Secrets Commentary 1 Toward New Therapeutics in Depression: tdcs s Secrets Adeline Etiévant 1,2* and Julie Monnin 1,2,3 1 Laboratoire de Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques, EA 481, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté,

More information

The role of non-invasive brain stimulation in neurorehabilitation of poststroke

The role of non-invasive brain stimulation in neurorehabilitation of poststroke Case Report http://www.alliedacademies.org/journal-brain-neurology/ The role of non-invasive brain stimulation in neurorehabilitation of poststroke dysphagia. Meysam Amidfar*, Hadis Jalainejad Fasa University

More information

Neuropsychologia 51 (2013) Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect. Neuropsychologia

Neuropsychologia 51 (2013) Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect. Neuropsychologia Neuropsychologia 51 (2013) 1234 1239 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Neuropsychologia journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/neuropsychologia Anodal tdcs to V1 blocks visual perceptual

More information

Enhancement of pinch force in the lower leg by anodal transcranial direct current stimulation

Enhancement of pinch force in the lower leg by anodal transcranial direct current stimulation Exp Brain Res (2009) 196:459 465 DOI 10.7/s00221-009-1863-9 RESEARCH NOTE Enhancement of pinch force in the lower leg by anodal transcranial direct current stimulation Satoshi Tanaka Takashi Hanakawa Manabu

More information

Activation of Prefrontal Cortex by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Reduces Appetite for Risk during Ambiguous Decision Making

Activation of Prefrontal Cortex by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Reduces Appetite for Risk during Ambiguous Decision Making 6212 The Journal of Neuroscience, June 6, 2007 27(23):6212 6218 Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive Activation of Prefrontal Cortex by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Reduces Appetite for Risk during

More information

This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and

This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution

More information

Statement on Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Depression. Position statement CERT03/17

Statement on Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Depression. Position statement CERT03/17 Statement on Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Depression Position statement CERT03/17 Approved by the Royal College of Psychiatrists, Committee on ECT and Related Treatments: February 2017

More information

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation to Enhance Motor Function in Spinal Cord Injury: Pilot Data

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation to Enhance Motor Function in Spinal Cord Injury: Pilot Data Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation to Enhance Motor Function in Spinal Cord Injury: Pilot Data Elizabeth Salmon 1, Cheryl Carrico 1, Laurie Nichols 1,2, Lakshmi Reddy 1, Sara Salles 1, Lumy Sawaki

More information

Enhancement of object detection with transcranial direct current stimulation is associated with increased attention

Enhancement of object detection with transcranial direct current stimulation is associated with increased attention Coffman et al. BMC Neuroscience 2012, 13:108 RESEARCH ARTICLE Enhancement of object detection with transcranial direct current stimulation is associated with increased attention Brian A Coffman 1,3,4,

More information

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation or transcranial direct current stimulation?

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation or transcranial direct current stimulation? Brain Stimulation (2009) 2, 241 5 www.brainstimjrnl.com Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation or transcranial direct current stimulation? Alberto Priori a, Mark Hallett b, John C. Rothwell c a Dipartimento

More information

Copyright 2002 American Academy of Neurology. Volume 58(8) 23 April 2002 pp

Copyright 2002 American Academy of Neurology. Volume 58(8) 23 April 2002 pp Copyright 2002 American Academy of Neurology Volume 58(8) 23 April 2002 pp 1288-1290 Improved executive functioning following repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation [Brief Communications] Moser,

More information

Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Episodic Memory Related to Emotional Visual Stimuli

Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Episodic Memory Related to Emotional Visual Stimuli Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Episodic Memory Related to Emotional Visual Stimuli Barbara Penolazzi 1,2, Alberto Di Domenico 3, Daniele Marzoli 2, Nicola Mammarella 3, Beth Fairfield

More information

Behavioural Brain Research

Behavioural Brain Research Behavioural Brain Research 208 (2010) 311 318 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Behavioural Brain Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/bbr Research report Naming facilitation induced

More information

No Effect of 2 ma Anodal tdcs Over the M1 on Performance and Practice Effect on Grooved Pegboard Test and Trail Making Test B 1,2,3

No Effect of 2 ma Anodal tdcs Over the M1 on Performance and Practice Effect on Grooved Pegboard Test and Trail Making Test B 1,2,3 New Research Cognition and Behavior No Effect of 2 ma Anodal tdcs Over the M1 on Performance and Practice Effect on Grooved Pegboard Test and Trail Making Test B 1,2,3 Asbjørn J. Fagerlund, Janita L. Freili,

More information

Water immersion modulates sensory and motor cortical excitability

Water immersion modulates sensory and motor cortical excitability Water immersion modulates sensory and motor cortical excitability Daisuke Sato, PhD Department of Health and Sports Niigata University of Health and Welfare Topics Neurophysiological changes during water

More information

transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of spasticity

transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of spasticity Low and highfrequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of spasticity Angela C Valle PhD; Karen Dionisio, Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

More information

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rtms), unlike

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rtms), unlike Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Induced Corticomotor Excitability and Associated Motor Skill Acquisition in Chronic Stroke Yun-Hee Kim, MD, PhD; Sung H. You, PT, PhD; Myoung-Hwan Ko, MD, PhD;

More information

Transcranial direct current stimulation of the primary motor cortex affects cortical drive to human musculature as assessed by intermuscular coherence

Transcranial direct current stimulation of the primary motor cortex affects cortical drive to human musculature as assessed by intermuscular coherence J Physiol 577.3 (2006) pp 795 803 795 Transcranial direct current stimulation of the primary motor cortex affects cortical drive to human musculature as assessed by intermuscular coherence Hollie A. Power

More information

Consolidation of Human Motor Cortical Neuroplasticity by

Consolidation of Human Motor Cortical Neuroplasticity by (2004) 29, 1573 1578 & 2004 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0893-133X/04 $30.00 www.neuropsychopharmacology.org Consolidation of Human Motor Cortical Neuroplasticity by D-Cycloserine Michael

More information

High-frequency rtms for the Treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Case Series

High-frequency rtms for the Treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Case Series CASE REPORT High-frequency rtms for the Treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Case Series Wataru Kakuda 1,2, Ryo Momosaki 1, Naoki Yamada 1 and Masahiro Abo 1 Abstract Structural and functional abnormalities

More information

Effects of High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Motor Functions in Patients with Subcortical Stroke

Effects of High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Motor Functions in Patients with Subcortical Stroke Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences http://cjns.gums.ac.ir Effects of High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Motor Functions in Patients with Subcortical Stroke Ashrafi Farzad

More information

fmri scans were compared pre- and post-treatment and perilesional activated volumes on the left hemisphere were compared.

fmri scans were compared pre- and post-treatment and perilesional activated volumes on the left hemisphere were compared. Methods that modulate cortical excitability have potential as adjuvant treatments for aphasia rehabilitation. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs) is a non-invasive method of stimulation with

More information

Halo Neuroscience INTRODUCTION. February 10, 2016

Halo Neuroscience INTRODUCTION. February 10, 2016 A Real-World Investigation into the Benefits of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation to the Primary Motor Cortex on Muscular Performance in Elite Athletes Halo Neuroscience February 10, 2016 ABSTRACT:

More information

Trans-spinal direct current stimulation: a novel tool to promote plasticity in humans

Trans-spinal direct current stimulation: a novel tool to promote plasticity in humans Trans-spinal direct current stimulation: a novel tool to promote plasticity in humans Jean-Charles Lamy, PhD Brain and Spine Institute, Paris 1 Background Grecco et al., J Neuroresto, 2015 2 Background:

More information

Effects of Sub-Motor-Threshold Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on. Event-Related Potentials and Motor-Evoked Potentials

Effects of Sub-Motor-Threshold Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on. Event-Related Potentials and Motor-Evoked Potentials 東海大学基盤工学部紀要 5(2017 年 )1 頁 ~6 頁 Bull. School of Industrial and Welfare Engineering Tokai Univ., 5(2017), pp.1-6 Effects of Sub-Motor-Threshold Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Event-Related Potentials

More information

This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and

This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution

More information

Magnetic and Electrical Stimulation in the Treatment of Aphasia

Magnetic and Electrical Stimulation in the Treatment of Aphasia Magnetic and Electrical Stimulation in the Treatment of Aphasia Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tdcs) No financial conflicts Roy Hamilton, MD, MS, FAAN,

More information

Title: Measuring and inducing brain plasticity in chronic aphasia

Title: Measuring and inducing brain plasticity in chronic aphasia Title: Measuring and inducing brain plasticity in chronic aphasia Author: Julius Fridriksson PII: S0021-9924(11)00031-1 DOI: doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2011.04.009 Reference: JCD 5550 To appear in: JCD Please

More information

Potentials & Perspectives

Potentials & Perspectives Potentials & Perspectives of repetitive sensory stimulation in stroke rehabilitation 0 100 80 60 40 20 0 0,5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Hubert Dinse Institut für Neuroinformatik - Neural Plasticity Lab - Ruhr-Universität

More information

Summary of my talk. Cerebellum means little brain but a huge neural resource. Studying the cerebellum in. Chris Miall

Summary of my talk. Cerebellum means little brain but a huge neural resource. Studying the cerebellum in. Chris Miall Studying the cerebellum in sensory motor control Chris Miall Behavioural Brain Sciences School of Psychology University of Birmingham Summary of my talk Cerebellum means little brain but a huge neural

More information

The Journal of Physiology Neuroscience

The Journal of Physiology Neuroscience J Physiol 595.4 (207) pp 273 288 273 The Journal of Physiology Neuroscience Systematic evaluation of the impact of stimulation intensity on neuroplastic after-effects induced by transcranial direct current

More information

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex modulates declarative memory

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex modulates declarative memory Brain Stimulation (2012) 5, 231 41 www.brainstimjrnl.com Transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex modulates declarative memory Amir Homayoun Javadi, a,b

More information

Researching Hemispheric Specialization in the Control of Final Position Accuracy Using the Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Researching Hemispheric Specialization in the Control of Final Position Accuracy Using the Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Global Journal of Health Science; Vol. 9, No. 7; 2017 ISSN 1916-9736 E-ISSN 1916-9744 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Researching Hemispheric Specialization in the Control of Final

More information

Combining tdcs and fmri. OHMB Teaching Course, Hamburg June 8, Andrea Antal

Combining tdcs and fmri. OHMB Teaching Course, Hamburg June 8, Andrea Antal Andrea Antal Department of Clinical Neurophysiology Georg-August University Goettingen Combining tdcs and fmri OHMB Teaching Course, Hamburg June 8, 2014 Classical Biomarkers for measuring human neuroplasticity

More information

NeuroField, Inc., Bishop, California, USA Published online: 02 Mar 2012.

NeuroField, Inc., Bishop, California, USA Published online: 02 Mar 2012. Journal of Neurotherapy: Investigations in Neuromodulation, Neurofeedback and Applied Neuroscience The Effect of Neurofield Pulsed EMF on Parkinson's Disease Symptoms and QEEG Nicholas J. Dogris a a NeuroField,

More information

FRONTAL TDCS MODULATES ORBITOFRONTAL REALITY FILTERING

FRONTAL TDCS MODULATES ORBITOFRONTAL REALITY FILTERING Neuroscience 265 (2014) 21 27 FRONTAL TDCS MODULATES ORBITOFRONTAL REALITY FILTERING A. L. MANUEL, a * A. W. DAVID, b M. BIKSON b AND A. SCHNIDER a,c a Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Department

More information

Changes in the Sensory Function after Transcranial Direct Stimulation on Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Area

Changes in the Sensory Function after Transcranial Direct Stimulation on Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Area Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 16, No. 1 pp. 445-452, 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2015.16.1.445 ISSN 1975-4701 / eissn 2288-4688 Changes in the Sensory Function

More information

IMMEDIATE EFFECTS OF TRANSCRANIAL ALTERNATING CURRENT ON QUADRICEPS ACTIVE MOTOR THRESHOLD AND CENTRAL ACTIVATION RATIO. Ariel M.

IMMEDIATE EFFECTS OF TRANSCRANIAL ALTERNATING CURRENT ON QUADRICEPS ACTIVE MOTOR THRESHOLD AND CENTRAL ACTIVATION RATIO. Ariel M. IMMEDIATE EFFECTS OF TRANSCRANIAL ALTERNATING CURRENT ON QUADRICEPS ACTIVE MOTOR THRESHOLD AND CENTRAL ACTIVATION RATIO Ariel M. Zaleski A thesis submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina

More information

Therapeutic Uses of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Current & Developing

Therapeutic Uses of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Current & Developing Therapeutic Uses of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Current & Developing Alvaro Pascual-Leone, MD, PhD Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Harvard Catalyst Beth Israel Deaconess Medical

More information

ANODAL TRANSCRANIAL DIRECT CURRENT STIMULATION DOES NOT IMPROVE PERFORMANCE

ANODAL TRANSCRANIAL DIRECT CURRENT STIMULATION DOES NOT IMPROVE PERFORMANCE ANODAL TRANSCRANIAL DIRECT CURRENT STIMULATION DOES NOT IMPROVE PERFORMANCE IN A TIME TRIAL CYCLING ERGOMETER TEST JON S. AAES AND DENNIS KNUDSEN Master s thesis, sports science, Department of Health Science

More information

Critical Review: Amanda Davidson M.Cl.Sc (SLP) Candidate Western University: School of Communication Sciences and Disorders

Critical Review: Amanda Davidson M.Cl.Sc (SLP) Candidate Western University: School of Communication Sciences and Disorders Critical Review: Are therapeutic interventions that include non-invasive brain stimulation (tdcs/rtms) with language therapy effective at improving auditory comprehension in patients with aphasia following

More information

The role of transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs) in rehabilitation of stroke patients with aphasia

The role of transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs) in rehabilitation of stroke patients with aphasia ENCEPHALOS 55, 12-16, 2018 The role of transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs) in rehabilitation of stroke patients with aphasia PANAGIOTIS D. KARAGOUNIS * Key words: TDCS, neurorehabilitation,

More information

Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Motor Skill Acquisition in a Throwing Task

Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Motor Skill Acquisition in a Throwing Task UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones May 2016 Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Motor Skill Acquisition in a Throwing Task Austuny Jackson University of Nevada,

More information

NAME: Jason B. Carmel, MD, PhD. TITLE: Instructor in Neurology LOCAL ADDRESS: Division of Pediatric Neurology, Harkness Pavilion, 5th Floor

NAME: Jason B. Carmel, MD, PhD. TITLE: Instructor in Neurology LOCAL ADDRESS: Division of Pediatric Neurology, Harkness Pavilion, 5th Floor NAME: Jason B. Carmel, MD, PhD TITLE: Instructor in Neurology LOCAL ADDRESS: Division of Pediatric Neurology, Harkness Pavilion, 5th Floor 180 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY 10032 EMAIL ADDRESS jcarmel@neuro.columbia.edu

More information

Impact of transcranial direct current stimulation on spinal network excitability in humans

Impact of transcranial direct current stimulation on spinal network excitability in humans J Physiol 587.23 (9) pp 5653 5664 5653 Impact of transcranial direct current stimulation on spinal network excitability in humans N. Roche 1,3,A.Lackmy 1,V.Achache 1, B. Bussel 2 and R. Katz 1,4 1 UPMC

More information

Cephalalgia. Cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the visual cortex in the prophylactic treatment of migraine

Cephalalgia.   Cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the visual cortex in the prophylactic treatment of migraine Cephalalgia http://cep.sagepub.com/ Cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the visual cortex in the prophylactic treatment of migraine Andrea Antal, Naomi Kriener, Nicolas Lang, Klara Boros

More information

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Session 4 Virtual Lesion Approach I Alexandra Reichenbach MPI for Biological Cybernetics Tübingen, Germany Today s Schedule Virtual Lesion Approach : Study Design Rationale

More information

Neurophysiological Basis of TMS Workshop

Neurophysiological Basis of TMS Workshop Neurophysiological Basis of TMS Workshop Programme 31st March - 3rd April 2017 Sobell Department Institute of Neurology University College London 33 Queen Square London WC1N 3BG Brought to you by 31 March

More information

Cognitive enhancement. using tdcs. Does tdcs. enhance cognition? Does tdcs enhance cognition? Why combine tdcs with other treatments?

Cognitive enhancement. using tdcs. Does tdcs. enhance cognition? Does tdcs enhance cognition? Why combine tdcs with other treatments? Cognitive enhancement Does tdcs enhance cognition? using tdcs Why combine tdcs with other treatments? Anna-Katharine Brem, PhD, MASNP Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford Berenson-Allen

More information

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tdcs) A Promising Treatment for Depression?

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tdcs) A Promising Treatment for Depression? Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tdcs) A Promising Treatment for Depression? transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tdcs) Alternating current (AC) 1-3 ma, 9V Direct Current (DC) Direct current:

More information

Aging, cognitive-motor function, and tcs. Brad Manor, PhD. October 31, 2017 LEASE DO NOT COPY

Aging, cognitive-motor function, and tcs. Brad Manor, PhD. October 31, 2017 LEASE DO NOT COPY Aging, cognitive-motor function, and tcs Brad Manor, PhD October 31, 2017 Disclosures - NIH / NIA - Michael J. Fox Foundation - U.S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation - Marcus Applebaum Research Award

More information

The Use of Brain Stimulation in Dysphagia Management

The Use of Brain Stimulation in Dysphagia Management Dysphagia (2017) 32:209 215 DOI 10.1007/s00455-017-9789-z REVIEW ARTICLE The Use of Brain Stimulation in Dysphagia Management Andre Simons 1 Shaheen Hamdy 2 Received: 5 December 2016 / Accepted: 24 February

More information

Clinical Neurophysiology

Clinical Neurophysiology Clinical Neurophysiology 123 (2012) 979 984 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Clinical Neurophysiology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/clinph Modulating oscillatory brain activity

More information

Plasticity in the human nervous system

Plasticity in the human nervous system Plasticity in the human nervous system Investigations with transcranial magnetic stimulation It is now well known that the functional organization of the cerebral cortex is plastic, and that changes in

More information

JMSCR Vol 05 Issue 01 Page January 2017

JMSCR Vol 05 Issue 01 Page January 2017 www.jmscr.igmpublication.org Impact Factor 5.84 Index Copernicus Value: 83.27 ISSN (e)-2347-176x ISSN (p) 2455-0450 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i1.45 Effect of Transcranial Direct Current

More information

NEUROPLASTICITY: INDUCTION AND MODULATION

NEUROPLASTICITY: INDUCTION AND MODULATION NEUROPLASTICITY: INDUCTION AND MODULATION BY EXTERNAL STIMULATION AND PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTION Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultäten der Georg-August

More information

Technology Insight: noninvasive brain stimulation in neurology perspectives on the therapeutic potential of rtms and tdcs

Technology Insight: noninvasive brain stimulation in neurology perspectives on the therapeutic potential of rtms and tdcs Technology Insight: noninvasive brain stimulation in neurology perspectives on the therapeutic potential of rtms and tdcs Felipe Fregni and Alvaro Pascual-Leone* SUMMARY In neurology, as in all branches

More information

Are randomised controlled trials telling us what rehabilitation interventions work?

Are randomised controlled trials telling us what rehabilitation interventions work? Are randomised controlled trials telling us what rehabilitation interventions work? Focus on stroke Jane Burridge March 6 th 2014 Neurorehabilitation: facts, fears and the future Overview Stroke recovery

More information

The basics of tdcs: Marom Bikson. The City College of New York of CUNY

The basics of tdcs: Marom Bikson. The City College of New York of CUNY The basics of tdcs: Technology and Mechanism Marom Bikson Lucas Parra, Jacek Dmochowski,Asif Rahman, Niranjan Khadka, Mark Jackson, Dennis Truong, Belen Lafon, Gregory Kronberg, Devin Adair, Nigel Gebodh

More information

A double-blind, sham-controlled trial of transcranial direct current stimulation for the treatment of depression

A double-blind, sham-controlled trial of transcranial direct current stimulation for the treatment of depression International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology (2010), 13, 61 69. Copyright f CINP 2009 doi:10.1017/s1461145709990411 A double-blind, sham-controlled trial of transcranial direct current stimulation

More information

Author's personal copy

Author's personal copy NeuroImage 57 (2011) 885 891 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect NeuroImage journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ynimg Neuroplastic changes following rehabilitative training correlate with regional

More information

Task-Dependent Modulation of Inputs to Proximal Upper Limb Following Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of Primary Motor Cortex

Task-Dependent Modulation of Inputs to Proximal Upper Limb Following Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of Primary Motor Cortex J Neurophysiol 103: 2382 2389, 2010. First published March 10, 2010; doi:10.1152/jn.01046.2009. Task-Dependent Modulation of Inputs to Proximal Upper Limb Following Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

More information

Effects of Long-Term Use of Anodal tdcs on Working Memory

Effects of Long-Term Use of Anodal tdcs on Working Memory Oliver Sokol Effects of Long-Term Use of Anodal tdcs on Working Memory Comparing the difference in performance between active and sham anodal tdcs on a dual n-back task over 11 sessions. Master s Thesis

More information

Novel Approaches of Non-Invasive Stimulation Techniques to Motor Rehabilitation Following Stroke: A Review

Novel Approaches of Non-Invasive Stimulation Techniques to Motor Rehabilitation Following Stroke: A Review Brain & NeuroRehabilitation Vol. 7, No. 2, September, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.12786/bn.2014.7.2.71 Novel Approaches of Non-Invasive Stimulation Techniques to Motor Rehabilitation Following Stroke: A

More information

Cortical Map Plasticity. Gerald Finnerty Dept Basic and Clinical Neuroscience

Cortical Map Plasticity. Gerald Finnerty Dept Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Cortical Map Plasticity Gerald Finnerty Dept Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Learning Objectives Be able to: 1. Describe the characteristics of a cortical map 2. Appreciate that the term plasticity is

More information

Constraint Induced Movement Therapy (CI or. is a form of rehabilitation therapy that improves upper

Constraint Induced Movement Therapy (CI or. is a form of rehabilitation therapy that improves upper Janeane Jackson What is CIMT? Constraint Induced Movement Therapy (CI or CIMT)- Is based on research done by Edward Taub and is a form of rehabilitation therapy that improves upper extremity function in

More information

Modulation of decision-making in a gambling task in older adults with transcranial direct current stimulation

Modulation of decision-making in a gambling task in older adults with transcranial direct current stimulation European Journal of Neuroscience European Journal of Neuroscience, Vol. 31, pp. 593 597, 2010 doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07080.x COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE Modulation of decision-making in a gambling task

More information

TRANScranial direct current

TRANScranial direct current TRANScranial direct current stimulation for Post-stroke motor Recovery a phase 2 study (TRANSPORT2) Gottfried Schlaug MD PhD Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School & Wayne Feng

More information

The Journal of Physiology Neuroscience

The Journal of Physiology Neuroscience J Physiol 592.4 (2014) pp 695 709 695 The Journal of Physiology Neuroscience Transcranial direct current stimulation reverses neurophysiological and behavioural effects of focal inhibition of human pharyngeal

More information

Is neural hyperpolarization by cathodal stimulation always detrimental at the behavioral level?

Is neural hyperpolarization by cathodal stimulation always detrimental at the behavioral level? BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE published: 27 June 2014 doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00226 Is neural hyperpolarization by cathodal stimulation always detrimental at the behavioral level? Cornelia

More information