Suicide in the Region of Peel and Ontario
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1 Suicide in the Region of Peel and Ontario HIGHLIGHTS In 21/22 in the Region of Peel, 6.2% of residents reported that they had suicidal thoughts in their lifetime. Almost 2% reported having suicidal thoughts within the past 12 months. In the Region of Peel, between 1997 and 21, there was an average of 784 hospitalizations per year for suicide attempts. In the Region of Peel, hospitalization rates for suicide attempts was highest among the 2 49 year age group. In the Region of Peel, the most common method of attempting suicide and being hospitalized was poisoning. In the Region of Peel and Ontario, suicide mortality declined between 1993 and 2. In the Region of Peel, approximately 56 people commit suicide per year. In the Region of Peel, mortality rates for suicide are highest for males aged 8 years and older and females aged 4 49 years; however the proportion of overall deaths is highest for males aged 1 19 years, and females aged 2 29 years. The most common method of suicide for the Region of Peel is poisoning (36%); followed by hanging, strangulation and suffocation (34%); and firearms and explosives (11%). Suicidal Thoughts In 2/21 as part of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), Peel residents aged 12 years and older were asked: Have you ever seriously considered committing suicide or taking your own life? and Has this happened in the past 12 months? According to results for Peel from the CCHS, 6.2% of residents reported that they had suicidal thoughts sometime in their life (representing about 53,3 people). Overall, 1.7% of Peel residents (about 15, people) reported that they had suicidal thoughts in the past 12 months. Data are not available for Ontario as not all health regions in the province asked these questions in the survey. A slightly higher proportion of males (6.5%) reported that they had suicidal thoughts in their lifetime compared to females (5.9%) as shown in Figure 3 (see following page). This finding was similar for suicidal thoughts in the past 12 months, which was reported by 2% of males compared to 1.5% of females. In 21 in Ontario, the Ontario Student Drug Use Survey (OSDUS) found that 11% of students in Grades 7 to 13 had considered suicide in the past year. The percentage of adolescents who reported having suicidal thoughts Use data with caution The Regional Municipality of Peel 13
2 Figure 3: Suicidal Thoughts by Sex, Region of Peel, 2/21 Male 8 Per cent of population aged 12 years and older Female Use data with caution. Source: Canadian Community Health Survey 2/21, Statistics Canada, Share File, Health Planning Branch, Ontario Ministry of Health and 2 1 Lifetime Thoughts about Suicide Suicide Thoughts in the Past 12 Months increased by grade from 8.8% in Grade 9, to 12.8% in Grade 1, to 13.9% in Grade 11, and to 14.1% in Grade Female students were more likely to report that they had considered suicide than were males (13% compared to 9% respectively) (data not shown). Data collected from the Ontario Student Drug Use Survey (OSDUS) highlighted other factors which were associated with adolescents having suicidal thoughts. These data are described in Table 3 (see below). Table 3 Factors Associated with Suicidal Thoughts in Youths, Ontario, 21 Source: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. One in Ten Ontario Students Contemplates Suicide. CAMH Population Studies ebulletin. 23 Jan/Feb; 18. Factor Family Structure Relationship with Parents Feeling Safe at School Bullying (either being a victim of bullying or bullying others) Comments Suicidal thoughts are more common among students living with one parent (16%) compared to two parents (1%) Suicidal thoughts are more common among students who do not have a good relationship with parents (39%) compared to students who do (1%) Suicidal thoughts are more common among students who report they do not feel safe at school (22%) compared to students who do feel safe at school (7%) Suicidal thoughts are more common among students involved with bullying. The proportion of students reporting suicidal thoughts associated with bullying is as follows: 19% for students who are both bullying victims and bullies themselves, 17% for students who are victims of bullying, 12% for students who are bullies, compared to 8% of students who have no involvement in bullying. 14 State of the Region s Health 24
3 Suicide Attempts and Hospitalizations In the Region of Peel between 1997 and 21, there was an average of 784 hospitalizations per year for suicide attempts. Hospitalizations for suicide attempts were lower across all years in Peel compared to Ontario, as shown in Figure 4 (see below). In 21, the age-standardized rate of hospitalization for suicide attempts in Peel was 65.2 per 1, compared to 96 per 1, for Ontario. The rate of hospitalization for suicide attempts has been declining for both Peel and Ontario since Figure 4: Hospitalization for Suicide Attempts by Year, Region of Peel and Ontario, Number of hospitalizations per 1,* * Rate age-standardized to 1991 (adjusted) Canadian population Sources: Hospital In-Patient Data , Provincial Health Planning Database (PHPDB), Health Planning Branch, Ontario Ministry of Health and Population Estimates , (PHPDB), Release date: July 23, Health Planning Branch, Ontario Peel Ontario Year Hospital admissions for suicide attempts differ substantially by sex. Figure 5 (see following page) shows hospitalization rates for suicide attempts in Peel by sex. A much higher proportion of females are admitted for suicide attempts than are males. It has been suggested that a possible reason for this finding is that women tend to make suicide attempts that are less violent and therefore less lethal than those made by males. 7 The Regional Municipality of Peel 15
4 In 21 in Peel, the age-standardized rate of hospitalization for suicide attempts was 76.4 per 1, for females and 51.9 per 1, for males. Hospitalization rates in Peel have been declining since 1996 for both males and females; however, this decline is much more noticeable for females. Figure 5: Hospitalization for Suicide Attempts by Year and Sex, Region of Peel, Number of hospitalizations per 1,* * Rate age-standardized to 1991 (adjusted) Canadian population. Sources: Hospital In-Patient Data , Provincial Health Planning Database (PHPDB), Health Planning Branch, Ontario Ministry of Health and Population Estimates , Provincial Health Planning Database (PHPDB), Release date: July 23, Health Planning Branch, Ontario Ministry of Health and Male Female Year Hospitalization rates for suicide attempts are highest in the 2 49 year age groups in both Peel and Ontario (see Figure 6 on following page). Rates of hospitalization for suicide attempts are higher in Ontario across all age groups with the exception of those aged 6 69 and 8 years and older. Hospitalization for suicide attempts by age group and sex for Peel are shown in Figure 7 (see following page). Hospitalization rates for suicide attempts are higher for females across all age groups except those aged 8 years and older, where males surpass females. Some possible reasons for this higher rate among males aged 8 years and older that have been cited in the literature include: loss of a spouse; health issues such as terminal illnesses; and decreased mobility. 1 The majority of suicide hospitalizations in Peel and Ontario involve poisoning (9% and 87% respectively). Methods of suicide attempts are quite similar for both males and females (data not shown). 16 State of the Region s Health 24
5 Figure 6: Hospitalization for Suicide Attempts by Age Group, Region of Peel and Ontario, Combined 2 Number of hospitalizations per 1, Sources: Hospital In-Patient Data , Provincial Health Planning Database (PHPDB), Health Planning Branch, Ontario Ministry of Health and Population Estimates , (PHPDB), Release date: July 23, Health Planning Branch, Ontario Peel Ontario Age Group (Years) Figure 7: Hospitalization for Suicide Attempts by Age Group and Sex, Region of Peel, Combined 15 Number of hospitalizations per 1, =Not releasable Sources: Hospital In-Patient Data , Provincial Health Planning Database (PHPDB), Health Planning Branch, Ontario Ministry of Health and Population Estimates , (PHPDB), Release date: July 23, Health Planning Branch, Ontario Male Female Age Group (Years) The Regional Municipality of Peel 17
6 Suicide Deaths Suicide mortality in both Peel and Ontario has been declining since Suicide mortality rates in Ontario are slightly higher than in Peel. Between 1991 and 2, Peel had an average of about 56 deaths per year due to suicide. In 2, the mortality rate from suicide in Peel was 5.1 per 1, compared to 7.6 per 1, for Ontario. Figure 8: Mortality from Suicide by Year, Region of Peel and Ontario, Number of deaths per 1,* * Rate age-standardized to 1991 (adjusted) Canadian population. Sources: Ontario Mortality Database, , HELPS (Health Planning System), Public Health Branch, Ontario Population Estimates , (PHPDB), Release date: July 23, Health Planning Branch, Ontario Peel Ontario Year The literature has shown that immigrants (regardless of their continent of birth) are less likely to commit suicide than native-born Canadians. 9 The Region of Peel has a higher immigrant population in comparison to Ontario which may partially explain the lower rates seen in Peel. 18 State of the Region s Health 24
7 Figure 9: Mortality from Suicide by Year and Sex, Region of Peel, Number of deaths per 1,* * Rate age-standardized to 1991 (adjusted) Canadian population. Sources: Ontario Mortality Database, , HELPS (Health Planning System), Public Health Branch, Ontario Population Estimates , (PHPDB), Release date: July 23, Health Planning Branch, Ontario Male Female Year In Peel, rates of suicide mortality are almost double for males compared with females as shown in Figure 9 (see above). Mortality rates due to suicide in males have declined from 12 per 1, in 1991 to 7.3 per 1, in 2. The decline in female rates has been less dramatic. Between 1991 and 2, in Peel, an average of 15 women per year committed suicide compared to an average of 42 males per year. In Ontario, age-specific rates of suicide mortality are higher across all age groups compared to Peel; however, this difference is less noticeable for those aged 8 years and older (see Figure 1 on following page). Some of this discrepancy between Peel and Ontario rates may be explained by the population of immigrants, as described earlier. In the immigrant population (who typically come to Canada between the ages of 25 4 years), the risk of suicide is much lower compared to the Canadian-born; however, the risk of suicide in immigrants increases with age and becomes similar to those who are Canadian-born. 9 Other factors, such as having a smaller proportion of Aboriginals in Peel compared to Ontario, may also help to explain the difference in rates. Rates of suicide in Aboriginals are two to three times higher than in the general population. 1 The Regional Municipality of Peel 19
8 Figure 1: Mortality from Suicide by Age Group, Region of Peel and Ontario, Combined 15 Number of deaths per 1, 12 9 =Not releasable Sources: Ontario Mortality Database, , HELPS (Health Planning System), Public Health Branch, Ontario Population Estimates , (PHPDB), Release date: July 23, Health Planning Branch, Ontario Ministry of Health and Peel Ontario Age Group (Years) In the Region of Peel in 1997, there were potential years of life lost (PYLL) per 1, population as a result of suicide compared to per 1, for Ontario (data not shown) *. The proportion of the population who are Aboriginal is higher in northern Ontario, which may explain why the rate for Ontario is higher than in Peel. In Peel, mortality rates due to suicide are highest among males aged 8 years and older and among females aged 4 49 years (data not shown); however, the proportion of all deaths due to suicide is highest in the younger age groups. For males, the highest proportion of suicide deaths is among those aged 1 19 years and among females aged 2 29 years as shown in Table 4 (see following page). * Data sources: Statistics Canada, Canadian Vital Statistics, Death Database and Demography Division (population estimates). Potential years of life lost all suicides (ICD-9 E95 E959), rate per 1, population and confidence interval, population aged to 74, by sex, Canada, provinces, territories, health regions and peer groups, 1997 [database on the Internet]. [Cited 24 June 3]. Available from 2 State of the Region s Health 24
9 Table 4 Proportion of Deaths due to Suicide by Age Group and Sex, Region of Peel, Combined Age Group (years) Male Female Total Source: Ontario Mortality Database, , HELPS (Health Planning System), Public Health Branch, Ontario Methods of Suicide Deaths Overall, the most common methods of suicide death in Peel and Ontario are: poisoning; hanging, strangulation and suffocation; and use of firearms and explosives, as shown in Figure 11 (see below). Figure 11: Methods of Suicide Deaths, Region of Peel and Ontario, Combined Poisoning Method of suicide death Peel Ontario Hanging, Strangulation, Suffocation Firearms and Explosives Other and Unspecified Jumping from a High Place Cutting and Piercing Instruments Drowning Sources: Ontario Mortality Database, , HELPS (Health Planning System), Public Health Branch, Ontario Population Estimates , (PHPDB), Release date: July 23, Health Planning Branch, Ontario Ministry of Health and Per cent of suicide deaths The Regional Municipality of Peel 21
10 The proportion of the population who chose these methods differs between Peel and Ontario. Compared to Ontario, a significantly higher proportion of Peel residents commit suicide by poisoning (36% compared to 28%), and other and unspecified means (1% compared to 6%). In comparison, significantly fewer Peel residents than Ontario residents commit suicide by use of firearms and explosives (11% compared to 18% respectively) and by jumping from a high place (5% compared to 8% respectively). Figure 12: Methods of Suicide Deaths by Sex, Region of Peel, Combined Male Female Poisoning Method of suicide death Hanging, Strangulation, Suffocation Firearms and Explosives 15.1 : Not releasable Sources: Ontario Mortality Database, , HELPS (Health Planning System), Public Health Branch, Ontario Ministry of Health and Population Estimates , Provincial Health Planning Database (PHPDB), Release date: July 23, Health Planning Branch, Ontario Ministry of Health and Other and Unspecified Jumping from a High Place Cutting and Piercing Instruments Drowning Per cent of suicide deaths As can be seen in Figure 12 (see above), methods of suicide also differ by sex. A significantly higher proportion of females commit suicide by poisoning (49%) compared to males (31%). Although not significantly different, a higher proportion of males commit suicide by hanging, strangulation and suffocation (36%) compared to females (28%). Very few females chose firearms and explosives as a means of committing suicide (results were too small to be released); however, this is the third most common means of committing suicide for males (15%). 22 State of the Region s Health 24
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