EARLY CARCINOMA OF THE VOCAL CORDS* KILOVOLTAGE RESULTS; TELECOBALT 60 DOSIMETRY (A PRELIMINARY REPORT)

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "EARLY CARCINOMA OF THE VOCAL CORDS* KILOVOLTAGE RESULTS; TELECOBALT 60 DOSIMETRY (A PRELIMINARY REPORT)"

Transcription

1 VOL. io8, No. 2 EARLY CARCINOMA OF THE VOCAL CORDS* KILOVOLTAGE RESULTS; TELECOBALT 60 DOSIMETRY (A PRELIMINARY REPORT) By B. H. I EI)ER, M.D.,t J. W. SCHAEI LEIN, M.SC., and J. J. STEIN, M.l). LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA U NTIL I. KILOVOLTAGE RESULTS May 1965 the primary treatment for early carcinoma of the vocal cords at the Long Beach Veterans Administration Hospital was kilovoltage radiation therapy. In all, 120 cases of laryngeal carcinoma have received primary radiation therapy since Of these, 32 uncomplicated, consecutive cases of infiltrative squamous cell carcinoma, limited to one or to both true vocal cords, with no impairment of mobility, received primary kilovoltage therapy. These cases would be staged by the American Joint Committee system as Stage i or as Stage ii with mobility unimpaired. These 32 patients were treated either on a 220 kv. constant potential Westinghouse unit or a 300 kv. G.E. Maxitron unit from January 1953 to May The half-value layer (HVL) was either 2 or 4 mm. Cu. The skin-source distance (SSD) was 50 cm. Opposing 5 cm. circles or cm. X cm. squares were centered on the true cords by means of open ended cones, with the patient sitting upright for the most part. No setup was made without the direct participation of a radiation therapist or a resident physician in radiation therapy. Tissue exposures varied from an estimated 5,00o r to 6,500 r delivered in 5 to 7 weeks. Three of these 32 cases could have been considered indeterminate (2 died of intercurrent disease with no evidence of recurrent laryngeal cancer and i was lost to follow-up before a 4 year period had elapsed). However, these 3 cases have been included as failures in this report. Twenty-six cases have remained alive and well without evidence of recurrence for 4 to i years, but 3 developed recurrent disease. All 3 had total larvngectomies: i is alive and well for 8 years; i died apparently free of laryngeal disease after 6 years; and the third (lied after I year (without frank evidence of residual disease). The gross 4 year survival rate free of disease for kilovoltage radiation therapy, plus laryngectomv for residual disease, is 28/32 or 88 per cent (Table i). (If one were inclined to eliminate the 3 indeterminate cases, the corrected survival rate could be given as 28/29 or 97 per cent for this group, and 26/29 or 90 per cent for the group without laryngectomy for residual disease.) II.DOSIMETRIC DATA Following acquisition of telecobalt 6o equipment we became interested in some of the dosimetry problems involved, particularly with laryngeal cancer. One concern was the distinction between the nominal and the dosimetric field size. Since there is a difference in size of fields measured at the o% and at the 90% isodose lines for some teletherapy equipment, we proceeded to collect some dosimetric data of our own. The data were collected under the following conditions: for field homogeneity, single beam studies in plastic blocks at 0.5 * Presented at the Fifty-first Annual Meeting of the American Radium Society, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, April 27-30, Partially supported by the American Cancer Society Grant No. T-a99D. t Chief, Radiotherapy Section, Veterans Administration Hospital, Long Beach, California and Clinical Professor (Radiology), University of California at Los Angeles, School of Medicine. Chief, Radiological Physics Section, Veterans Administration Hospital, Long Beach, California and Clinical Instructor, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California at Irvine, School of Medicine. Professor of Radiology and Chief, Division of Radiation Therapy, University of California at Los Angeles, School of Medicine. 269

2 270 B. H. Feder, J. \V. Schaeflein and J. J. Stein FEBRUARY, FIG. 1. Nominal cm.x5 cm. fields (at the surface); measured at 4.0 ciii. depth. (1) Kilovoltage, 1.7 mm. Cu half-value layer (HVL); 50 cm. source-skin distance (SSI)); open ended cone. (B) Telecobalt 60; O cm. SSD. cm. and cm. depth; for coaxial opposing beams, studies in an Alderson-Rando phantom; and in vivo studies in patients under treatment. Dose distributions were also drawn from patient contours and isodose charts furnished by the cobalt 6o unit manufacturer. Only pertinent dosimetric data will be presented here; a complete presentation will be published later. We shall not dwell on the subject of wedge filters or angled beams at this time. TABLE 1 UNCOMPLICATED CARCINOMA LIMITED TO TRU E CORDS; MOBILITY UNIMPAIRED; RESULTS OF PRIMARY KILO- VOLTAGE THERAPY; SURVIVAL FOR 4 TO 15 YEARS Radiation Therapy Alone (32 cases)* ALIVE WITHOUT DISEASE Laryngectomy for Recurrencef Total (88%) * Includes 3 indeterminates (a died of intercurrent disease, i lost to follow-up). t 3 recurrences (2/3 cured by total laryngectomy). Most of the data were collected with thermoluminescent dosimeters (extruded lithium fluoride rods of i mm. diameter X6 mm. length). Some fields and distributions were measured simultaneously with Kodak Translite film and thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD). For this study, comparisons were made of the following fields: a 5 cm.x5 cm. square at 50 cm. SSD, 2 mm. Cu HVL; a nominal 5 cm.xs cm. square (at the o% isodose line) at 8o cm. SSD, cobalt 6o unit and a nominal 7 cm.x7 cm. square (at the o% isodose line) at 8o cm. SSD on the cobalt 6o unit. The cobalt 6o teletherapy unit is equipped with a 2.0 cm. diameter source (originally 5,000 curies), a Picker collimator Model No. 3347D (with a source to penumbra trimmer distance of approximately 43 cm.), and a source head, Picker Catalog No. 9oD. The source to axis of rotation distance (SAD) is 8o cm. Figures I, 2 and 3 show the measured field homogeneity patterns for nominal 5 cm. X 5 cm. and 7 cm. X7 cm. fields, both at the surface and at a 4 cm. depth. It can

3 VOL. 108, No. 2 Early Carcinoma of Vocal Cords FIG. 2. Nominal 5 cm.x5 cm. fields (at the surface). (4) Kilovoltage, 3.7 mm. Cu HVL; 50 cm. SSD; open ended cone; measured at the surface. (B) Telecobalt 6o; 8o cm. SSD; measured at 0.5 cm. depth. be seen that at 4 cm. depth in a cuboidal plastic phantom, with the kilovoltage roentgen-ray beam (Fig. Izi), the distance between the 90% and the o% isodose lines is only about 0.5 cm., whereas with the 0 0 telecobalt 6o beam (Fig. IB), the distance between the 90% and 50% lines is i cm. or more. This distance measures about 0.75 cm. on the surface (Fig. 2B). Thus a surface nominal 5 cm.xc cm. field measures less FIG. 3. Nominal 7 cm.x7 cm. fields (at the surface). Telecobalt 6o; 8o cm. SSD; measured at (4) 0.5 cm. depth and (B) 4.0 cm. depth.

4 272 B. H. Feder, J. \V. Schaetlein and j. J. Stein FEBRUARY, 1970 tic.. The assembled.alderson- Rando phantom. than. cm. X. cm. at the 90% isodose lines, 4 cm. below the surface of the plastic phantoni on our equipment. Another phase of the study was con- (lucted with the Alderson-Rando phantom. Figures 4, #{231} and 6 show the assembled phantom, the superior surface of slab (approximate level of the true cords), an(l a FIG. 5. The superior surface of slab j of the phantom, approximate level of the true cords. roentgenogram of the phantom loaded with metal plugs to show location of dosimeters. Figures 7, 8 and 9 show the resulting dose distributions through slab when the phantom was irradiated with bilateral opposing fields. These (lose distributions, all normalized to a central point between the true cords, show that the kilovoltage #{231} cm. X s cm. nominal field (Fig. 7) delivers 8o% to 90% in the area of the posterior commissure, while the telecobalt, 5 cm. X 5 cm. nominal (co%) field (Fig. 8) delivers only 6c% to the same area. Figure shows that the telecobalt, 7 cm. X7 cm. nominal (50%) field delivers 90 to 95% to the same posterior commissure area. (These findings suggest that the use of ordinary opposing nominal s cm. X s cm. telecobat 6o fields may result in undertreatment at the posterior commissure area.) 13G. 6. A lateral roentgenogram of the phantom showing among others, slab (representative of the true cord level) loaded with metal plugs. Multiple measurements of exposure were made at points indicated by the plugs.

5 \OL. io8, No. 2 Early Carcinoma of Vocal Cords 273 FIG.. Dose distribution through slab : opposing 4 cm.x5 cm. fields; kilovoltage, 1.7 mm. Cu HVL; ocm. SSI); open ended cone. FIG. 8. Dose distribution through slab : opposing 5 cm.x5 cm. fields; telecobalt 6o; 8o cm. SSI).

6 274 B. H. Feder, J. \V. Schaeflein and J. J. Stein FEBRUARY, 1970 One example of another phase of the study is presented in Figure 10, which shows a representative in vivo measurement. The tissue equivalent LiF dosimeters, interspersed with metallic markers for visualization, are present in an intratracheal catheter. The roen tgenogram, with exposure measured in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the phantom, depicts in vivo dosimetric (letermination in the area of the posterior commissure that is consistent with the results of the phantom studies. III. DISCUSSION Irradiation alone results in cure of 8o to 90 per cent of Stage I (T1N0M,) cancer of the vocal cords according to most authors.l.i47.s.l1li14.0 Our results with kilovoltage irradiation are in agreement with those authors. Our telecobalt 6o data do not as vet lend themselves to an evaluation of cure rate. Tissue exposures reported may vary from as much as 7,500 r delivered in weeks to as little as 5,000 r spread over as much as 8 weeks. This represents an acceptable spectrum, admittedly subject to many variables. Specification of absorbed dose has been well standardized in recent years, and is a small problem, comparatively speaking. The specification of field size, however, presents considerable confusion. The field size widths reported vary from 3 cm. to 7 cm., but the convention employed to designate the field size for cobalt 6o teletherapy is not always clear. Dosimetric field sizes may be expressed as the width of the o% isodose curve measured in air. The- are often expressed as the width of the o% isodose curve measured at a 0.5 cm. depth in a unit density phantom, which really differs little from the measurement in air. The widths of the 8o% or the 90% isodose curves have also been used. The ICRU geometric convention (lefines the field edge by a line from the center of the front face of the source, passing through the corners of the diaphragm system (i.e., the geometric o% line). Because the margin of the field is not 13G. 9. l)ose distribution through slab : opposing 7 cm.x7 cm. fields; telecobalt 6o; 8o cm. SSD.

7 VOL. 108, No. Early Carcinoma of Vocal Cords 275 sharp and clearly defined, specification of field size should be according to some generally accepted standard convention, as suggested by the ICRU in Unfortunately neither the ICRU nor any other such convention is universally employed. On the other hand, the kilovoltage roentgen-ray beam can, for all practical purposes, have a clearly defined, sharp edge. This is the result of the relatively small focal spot and the effectiveness of a few millimeters of lead as a beam shaper. Specification of field size for kilovoltage therapy is thus no problem. Such designation is simply based on the area receiving primary irradiation. However, cobalt 6o teletherapy has characteristics which contribute to a large penumbra and indistinct field edge. These characteristics are: () the relatively large source diameter; (2) the considerable thickness of absorber necessary to limit the beam; and () the distance required between the end of collimating FIG. TO. A lateral roentgenogram of a patient s neck. The intratracheal catheter running just in front of the posterior commissure contains Lithium Fluoride (LiF) dosimeters, interspersed with metallic markers for visualization; a lead marker on the skin indicates the center of the field. Kilovoltage beam, 5 cm.x5 cm.; open ended cone; 1.7 mm. Cu HVL; 50 cm. SSD. -2CM---- 5CM 4CM #{149}DOSIMETRIC(90%). DOSIMETRIC (90%) NOMINAL (50%) FIG. u. Diagram of a cm. X cm. nominal telecobalt 6o field showing possible limits of the location of the 90% isodose line, depending upon source diameter, collimator, geometry, etc. devices and the skin to preserve proper skin-sparing. These characteristics contribute to variations between the nominal field size and the dosimetric field size (measured at a given isodose line). It is therefore recommended that, as a general rule, the radiation therapists records of telecobalt 6o field size give both the nominal field size (usually at the o% isodose line as recommended by the ICRU) and a dosimetric field size (preferably at the 90% isodose line). A nominal field size of cm. X cm., for example, is shown by a cm. X cm. light field projected onto the patient. This is usually at the o% isodose line and therefore corresponds to a dosimetric field which will irradiate a 5 cm. X cm. area of tissue to at least o% of the central ray dose. A dosimetric field size of #{231} cm. X cm. at the 90% isodose line, however, is one that will irradiate a 5 cm. X cm. area of tissue to at least 90% of the central ray dose. A cm. X cm. nominal field (at the 50% isodose line) could be 3 cm. wider than its dosimetric field at the 90% line. Dosimetric fields at the 90% line may differ from each other by as much as

8 276 B. H. Feder, J. W. Schaeflein and J. J. Stein FEBRUARY, 1970 Dosimetric (90%)* cm. Xcm. 3X3 5X5 8X8 IOXIO I2X12 15XI5 i8xis TABLE CORRELATION BETWEEN NOMINAL (o%) AND DOSIMETRIC (90%) FIELDS TELECOBALT 6o FIELD SIZES AT 8o cm. S5D Nominal (so%)t cm. Xcm. 4X4 5.5X5.5 7X7 ioxio I4X14 17XI7 2IX21 25X25 * \Vidth of 9o#{231}7 isodose curve, at 0.5 cm. depth. t Collimator settings for surface field, perpendicular to central ray. 2 cm. on different telecobalt 6o units (Fig. II). This has been documented by Hall7 and others. Hall stresses the need for the general employment of a convention to specify telecobalt 6o field sizes. Similarly, Karzmark et al. also emphasize this need. Karzmark et al. note the dependence of tumor dose homogeneity on penumbra width. They suggest one simple solution that can be employed if the telecobalt light localizer does not incorporate indicators for both a 50% and a 90% isodose field width. One can set the calibrated diaphragm controls to the measured width of the particular isodose curve desired. We prefer the 90% isodose lines, particularly when we are treating for cure and the volume of interest is relatively small. \Ve have prepared a table (Table II) which shows the consistent differences between width of fields on the surface, measured at the o%, and at the 90% isodose curves for our unit. If we assume that 6,ooo rads in 6 weeks is a desirable dose for carcinoma limited to the true cords, and that the entire volume of interest should be irradiated to a dose that is no less than 90% of the desired dose, that is to no less than 5,400 rads, then the location of the 90% isodose line becomes critical. This is particularly true for telecobait 6o equipment. Hence, it is our opinion that, particularly II where telecobalt 6o is used to treat vocal cord cancer, it may be well to employ fields that are measured at the 90% isodose line rather than at the o% isodose line. We prefer a 5 cm.x5 cm. dosimetric field, measured at the 90% line. SUMMARY 1. Kilovoltage therap\ of32 consecutive cases of carcinoma limited to one or both vocal cords, with no impairment of mobility, has resulted in the gross 4 year survival without disease of 88 per cent of the cases. 2. The field size description for telecobait 6o units, although clearl set forth by the ICRU, ma\ present the radiation therapist with unique difficulties. If one is to irradiate the volume of interest to within 90% of a desired (lose, the location of the 90% isodose line becomes critical. 3. The width of a nominal field (usually measured at the o% isodose line as recommended by the ICRU) and the width of a dosimetric field that is measured at the 90% isodose line may differ by more than 3 cm. for a small field. Therefore records of field size might give both the nominal and the dosimetric field size for each telecobalt 6o unit.. Clinically, it appears desirable to measure telecobalt 6o fields for vocal cord cancer at the 90% isodose line. We prefer a cm. X cm. dosimetric field, at the 90% line. B. H. Feder, M.D. Veterans Administration Hospital 5903 East Seventh Street Long Beach, California 9080! The assistance and advice of Dr. H. R. Haymond, Dr. C. A. Sondhaus, Dr. J. E. Morgan and Dr. Halvor Vermund are gratefully acknowledged. The cooperation of Dr. E. Stemmer, Dr. A. Swirsky, and Dr. J. Shramek of our Surgical Service made this report possible. Mr. Robert Dupree and Miss Billye Washington provided technical assistance. Mr. Timothy Dodge and staff prepared the illustrations. Mrs. Elinor Strain typed the manuscript.

9 VOL. io8, No. Early Carcinoma of Vocal Cords 277 RE FERENCES i. B.acisss, F. Comparative study of results obtained with conventional radiotherapy (2o0 kv) and cobalt teletherapy in treatment of cancer of larynx. C /in. Radio/., 1967, z8, BALLANTYNE, A. J., and FLETCHER, G. H. Preservation of larynx in surgical treatment of cancer, recurrent after radiation therapy. AM. J. ROENTGENOL., RAD. THERAPY & NUCLEAR MED., 3967, 99, CHAHBAZIAN, C. M., and DEL REGATO, J. A. Cobalt 6o teletherapy of early carcinoma of vocal cords. AM. J. ROENTGENOL., RAD. THERAPY & NUCLEAR MED., 3967, 99, DEL REGATO, J. A., and CHAHBAZIAN, C. M. Cobalt 6o teletherapy of early carcinoma of vocal cords. Tr. Pacific Coast Oto-Ophth. Soc., 3966, 47, FLETCHER, G. H., and KLEIN, R. Dose-timevolume relationship in squamous-cell carcinoma of larynx. Radio/ogy, 1964, 82, GRIMMETT, L. G., FLETCHER, G. H., and MOORE, E. B. Improved light localizer for x-ray therapy. Radio/ogy, 3954, 62, HALL, E. J. On the specification of field size for telecobalt units. AM. J. ROENTGENOL., RAn. THERAPY & NUCLEAR MED., 1964, 92, HIRBS, G. G., and HENDRICKSON, F. R. Telecobalt therapy of early malignant tumors of vocal cords. Radio/ogy, 1966, 86, 9. HOLT, J. A. G. Place of radiotherapy in management of laryngeal cancer. 7. Coil. Radiol. 4ust., 1965, 9, Jo. JOLLE5, B. Long term results of treatment of cancer of larynx. C/in. Radio/., 3966, /7, II. KARZMARK, C. J., SAMPIERE, V. A., and STOVALL, M. Standardisation of field size specification in megavoltage radiotherapy. Brit. 7. Radio/., 3968, 41, LATH ROP, F. D. Evaluation of supervoltage radiation therapy for carcinoma of larynx. 4nn. Otol., Rhin. & Laryng., 1968,77, LE JEUNE, F. E., Cox, R. H., and HAINDEL, C. J. Review of available literature on larynx for Laryngoscope, 1964, 74, ORCHARD, P. G. Decrement lines: new presentation of data in cobalt 6o beam dosimetry. Brit. 7. Radio/., 3964, 37, i. WANG, C. C., and SCHULTZ, M. D. Radiation therapy of malignant laryngeal neoplasms. Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat Month., 1965, 45,

10 This article has been cited by: 1. P. C. Philip The Study of Dose Distribution in Radiotherapy using Three Types of Thermoluminescent Dosimeters*. Australasian Radiology 20:2, [CrossRef] 2. M Hjelm Hansen, K. Josrgensen, A. Sell Carcinoma of the Larynx V. Relationship between biologic effect and failure of irradiation. Acta Radiologica: Therapy, Physics, Biology 14:4, [CrossRef] 3. E. Müller Die Frühformen des rezidivierenden Stimmlippencarcinoms, ihr morphologisches Bild und ihre Behandlung. Archiv für Klinische und Experimentelle Ohren- Nasen- und Kehlkopfheilkunde 202:2, [CrossRef] 4. Richard D. Marks, G. Slaughter Fitz-Hugh, William C. Constable Fourteen years' experience with Cobalt-60 radiation therapy in the treatment of early cancer of the true vocal cords. Cancer 28:3, [CrossRef]

Assessment of variation of wedge factor with depth, field size and SSD for Neptun 10PC Linac in Mashhad Imam Reza Hospital

Assessment of variation of wedge factor with depth, field size and SSD for Neptun 10PC Linac in Mashhad Imam Reza Hospital Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2004; 2 (2): 53-58 Assessment of variation of wedge factor with depth, field size and SSD for Neptun 10PC Linac in Mashhad Imam Reza Hospital M. Hajizadeh Saffar 1*, M.R. Ghavamnasiri

More information

Assessment of Dosimetric Functions of An Equinox 100 Telecobalt Machine

Assessment of Dosimetric Functions of An Equinox 100 Telecobalt Machine 2017 IJSRST Volume 3 Issue 3 Print ISSN: 2395-6011 Online ISSN: 2395-602X Themed Section: Science and Technology Assessment of Dosimetric Functions of An Equinox 100 Telecobalt Machine Samuel Nii Adu Tagoe

More information

Outline. Chapter 12 Treatment Planning Combination of Beams. Opposing pairs of beams. Combination of beams. Opposing pairs of beams

Outline. Chapter 12 Treatment Planning Combination of Beams. Opposing pairs of beams. Combination of beams. Opposing pairs of beams Chapter 12 Treatment Planning Combination of Beams Radiation Dosimetry I Text: H.E Johns and J.R. Cunningham, The physics of radiology, 4 th ed. http://www.utoledo.edu/med/depts/radther Outline Combination

More information

Standard calibration of ionization chambers used in radiation therapy dosimetry and evaluation of uncertainties

Standard calibration of ionization chambers used in radiation therapy dosimetry and evaluation of uncertainties Standard calibration of ionization chambers used in radiation therapy dosimetry and evaluation of uncertainties A. Solimanian and M. Ghafoori * Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2010; 8 (3): 195-199 Radiation Dosimetry

More information

Multilayer Gafchromic film detectors for breast skin dose determination in vivo

Multilayer Gafchromic film detectors for breast skin dose determination in vivo INSTITUTE OF PHYSICSPUBLISHING Phys. Med. Biol. 47 (2002) N31 N37 PHYSICS INMEDICINE AND BIOLOGY PII: S0031-9155(02)27324-8 NOTE Multilayer Gafchromic film detectors for breast skin dose determination

More information

Energy dependent response of Al 2 O 3 and its potential application in personal monitoring.

Energy dependent response of Al 2 O 3 and its potential application in personal monitoring. Energy dependent response of Al 2 O 3 and its potential application in personal monitoring. Nelson, V. K. a, b a Sydney University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Discipline of Medical Imaging and Radiation

More information

Mammography. Background and Perspective. Mammography Evolution. Background and Perspective. T.R. Nelson, Ph.D. x41433

Mammography. Background and Perspective. Mammography Evolution. Background and Perspective. T.R. Nelson, Ph.D. x41433 - 2015 Background and Perspective 2005 (in US) Women Men Mammography Invasive Breast Cancer Diagnosed 211,240 1,690 Noninvasive Breast Cancer Diagnosed 58,940 Deaths from Breast Cancer 40,410 460 T.R.

More information

IAEA-CN THE ESTRO-EQUAL RESULTS FOR PHOTON AND ELECTRON BEAMS CHECKS IN EUROPEAN RADIOTHERAPY BEAMS*

IAEA-CN THE ESTRO-EQUAL RESULTS FOR PHOTON AND ELECTRON BEAMS CHECKS IN EUROPEAN RADIOTHERAPY BEAMS* THE ESTRO-EQUAL RESULTS FOR PHOTON AND ELECTRON BEAMS CHECKS IN EUROPEAN RADIOTHERAPY BEAMS* H. Ferreira, A. Dutreix, A. Bridier, D. Marre, J. Chavaudra, H. Svensson ESTRO-EQUAL Measuring Laboratory, Service

More information

Radiochromic film dosimetry in water phantoms

Radiochromic film dosimetry in water phantoms INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS PUBLISHING PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY Phys. Med. Biol. 46 (2001) N27 N31 www.iop.org/journals/pb PII: S0031-9155(01)16858-2 NOTE Radiochromic film dosimetry in water phantoms

More information

Measurement of Dose to Implanted Cardiac Devices in Radiotherapy Patients

Measurement of Dose to Implanted Cardiac Devices in Radiotherapy Patients Measurement of Dose to Implanted Cardiac Devices in Radiotherapy Patients Moyed Miften, PhD Professor and Chief Physicist University of Colorado Chester Reft, PhD Associate Professor University of Chicago

More information

TLD as a tool for remote verification of output for radiotherapy beams: 25 years of experience

TLD as a tool for remote verification of output for radiotherapy beams: 25 years of experience IAEA-CN-96-82 TLD as a tool for remote verification of output for radiotherapy beams: 25 years of experience J. Francisco Aguirre, Ramesh C. Tailor, Geoffrey S. Ibbott, Marilyn Stovall and William F. Hanson

More information

Protection of the contralateral breast during radiation therapy for breast cancer

Protection of the contralateral breast during radiation therapy for breast cancer Protection of the contralateral breast during radiation therapy for breast cancer Edgardo Garrigó a*, Alejandro Germanier b, Silvia Zunino a a Instituto Privado de Radioterapia, Ob Oro 423 (5000) Córdoba,

More information

Radiologic Units: What You Need to Know

Radiologic Units: What You Need to Know Radiologic Units: What You Need to Know TODD VAN AUKEN M.ED. RT (R)(MR) Agenda Greys, Sieverts, Coulombs per kg, & Becquerel's Conventional Units Other Concepts (LET, Q-Factor, Effective Dose, NCRP Report

More information

Introduction. Measurement of Secondary Radiation for Electron and Proton Accelerators. Introduction - Photons. Introduction - Neutrons.

Introduction. Measurement of Secondary Radiation for Electron and Proton Accelerators. Introduction - Photons. Introduction - Neutrons. Measurement of Secondary Radiation for Electron and Proton Accelerators D. Followill, Ph.D. Radiological Physics Center U. T. M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Introduction Patients undergoing radiation therapy

More information

Measurements of Air Kerma Index in Computed Tomography: A comparison among methodologies

Measurements of Air Kerma Index in Computed Tomography: A comparison among methodologies Measurements of Air Kerma Index in Computed Tomography: A comparison among methodologies Thêssa C. Alonso 1, 2, Arnaldo P. Mourão 1, 3, Teógenes A. Da Silva 1, 2 1 Program of Nuclear Science and Techniques

More information

Dosimetric characterization with 62 MeV protons of a silicon segmented detector for 2D dose verifications in radiotherapy

Dosimetric characterization with 62 MeV protons of a silicon segmented detector for 2D dose verifications in radiotherapy Dosimetric characterization with 62 MeV protons of a silicon segmented detector for 2D dose verifications in radiotherapy C. Talamonti a*, M. Bucciolini a, L. Marrazzo a, D. Menichelli a. a) Department

More information

Nuclear Associates

Nuclear Associates Nuclear Associates 37-013 GARD Users Manual March 2005 Manual No. 37-013-1 Rev. 2 2004, 2005 Fluke Corporation, All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. All product names are trademarks of their respective

More information

3D Conformal Radiation Therapy for Mucinous Carcinoma of the Breast

3D Conformal Radiation Therapy for Mucinous Carcinoma of the Breast 1 Angela Kempen February Case Study February 22, 2012 3D Conformal Radiation Therapy for Mucinous Carcinoma of the Breast History of Present Illness: JE is a 45 year-old Caucasian female who underwent

More information

A comparison of dose distributions measured with two types of radiochromic film dosimeter MD55 and EBT for proton beam of energy 175 MeV

A comparison of dose distributions measured with two types of radiochromic film dosimeter MD55 and EBT for proton beam of energy 175 MeV A comparison of dose distributions measured with two types of radiochromic film dosimeter MD55 and EBT for proton beam of energy 175 MeV M. Mumot, G. V. Mytsin, Y. I. Luchin and A. G. Molokanov Medico-Technical

More information

RADIATION PROTECTION IN DIAGNOSTIC AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY. L19: Optimization of Protection in Mammography

RADIATION PROTECTION IN DIAGNOSTIC AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY. L19: Optimization of Protection in Mammography IAEA Training Material on Radiation Protection in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology RADIATION PROTECTION IN DIAGNOSTIC AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY L19: Optimization of Protection in Mammography

More information

MEASUREMENT OF THE EQUIVALENT INDIVIDUAL DOSES FOR PATIENTS IN ANGIOGRAPHY PROCEDURE AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY WITH THERMOLUMINESCENT SYSTEMS

MEASUREMENT OF THE EQUIVALENT INDIVIDUAL DOSES FOR PATIENTS IN ANGIOGRAPHY PROCEDURE AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY WITH THERMOLUMINESCENT SYSTEMS RADIOPROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY MEASUREMENT OF THE EQUIVALENT INDIVIDUAL DOSES FOR PATIENTS IN ANGIOGRAPHY PROCEDURE AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY WITH THERMOLUMINESCENT SYSTEMS DANIELA ADAM 1, ANA STOCHIOIU

More information

IMRT QUESTIONNAIRE. Address: Physicist: Research Associate: Dosimetrist: Responsible Radiation Oncologist(s)

IMRT QUESTIONNAIRE. Address: Physicist:   Research Associate:   Dosimetrist:   Responsible Radiation Oncologist(s) IMRT QUESTIONNAIRE Institution: Date: / / Address: Physicist: e-mail: Telephone: Fax: Research Associate: email: Telephone: Fax: Dosimetrist: email: Telephone: Fax: Responsible Radiation Oncologist(s)

More information

Treatment Planning Evaluation of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) for Craniospinal Irradiation (CSI)

Treatment Planning Evaluation of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) for Craniospinal Irradiation (CSI) Treatment Planning Evaluation of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) for Craniospinal Irradiation (CSI) Tagreed AL-ALAWI Medical Physicist King Abdullah Medical City- Jeddah Aim 1. Simplify and standardize

More information

S. Derreumaux (IRSN) Accidents in radiation therapy in France: causes, consequences and lessons learned

S. Derreumaux (IRSN) Accidents in radiation therapy in France: causes, consequences and lessons learned S. Derreumaux (IRSN) Accidents in radiation therapy in France: causes, consequences and lessons learned MEDICAL LINEAR ACCELERATORS Electron beam (MeV) Photon beam (MV) PRECISION REQUIRED IN RADIOTHERAPY

More information

Risk of a second cancer after radiotherapy

Risk of a second cancer after radiotherapy Risk of a second cancer after radiotherapy Francesco d Errico University of Pisa, Italy Yale University, USA Medical radiological procedures worldwide 2.5 billion diagnostic radiological examinations 78%

More information

Calibration of Radiation Instruments Used in Radiation Protection and Radiotherapy in Malaysia

Calibration of Radiation Instruments Used in Radiation Protection and Radiotherapy in Malaysia Abstract Calibration of Radiation Instruments Used in Radiation Protection and Radiotherapy in Malaysia Taiman Bin Kadni (taiman@mint.gov.my) Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL) Malaysian Institute

More information

The impact of SID and collimation on backscatter in radiography

The impact of SID and collimation on backscatter in radiography The impact of SID and collimation on backscatter in radiography Poster No.: C-2931 Congress: ECR 2010 Type: Scientific Exhibit Topic: Physics in Radiology Authors: M. Joyce 1, J. T. Ryan 2, M. F. Mc Entee

More information

Radiation Doses to Contralateral Breast During Irradiation of Breast Cancer

Radiation Doses to Contralateral Breast During Irradiation of Breast Cancer Med. J. Cairo Univ., Vol. 77, No. 2, June: 27-31, 2009 www.medicaljournalofcairouniversity.com Radiation Doses to Contralateral Breast During Irradiation of Breast Cancer ADEL G. WAHBA, M.D.* and REHAM

More information

D DAVID PUBLISHING. Uncertainties of in vivo Dosimetry Using Semiconductors. I. Introduction. 2. Methodology

D DAVID PUBLISHING. Uncertainties of in vivo Dosimetry Using Semiconductors. I. Introduction. 2. Methodology Journal of Life Sciences 9 (2015) 120-126 doi: 10.17265/1934-7391/2015.03.005 D DAVID PUBLISHING Uncertainties of in vivo Dosimetry Using Semiconductors Zeina Al Kattar, Hanna El Balaa and Saeed Zahran

More information

Application of international standards to diagnostic radiology dosimetry

Application of international standards to diagnostic radiology dosimetry Application of international standards to diagnostic radiology dosimetry Poster No.: C-780 Congress: ECR 2009 Type: Scientific Exhibit Topic: Physics in Radiology Authors: I. D. McLean, A. Meghzifene,

More information

Additional Questions for Review 2D & 3D

Additional Questions for Review 2D & 3D Additional Questions for Review 2D & 3D 1. For a 4-field box technique, which of the following will deliver the lowest dose to the femoral heads? a. 100 SSD, equal dmax dose to all fields b. 100 SSD, equal

More information

Performance of several active personal dosemeters in interventional radiology and cardiology

Performance of several active personal dosemeters in interventional radiology and cardiology Performance of several active personal dosemeters in interventional radiology and cardiology S. Chiriotti 1,*, M. Ginjaume 1, E. Vano 2,3, R. Sanchez 3, J.M. Fernandez 2,3, M.A. Duch 1, J. Sempau 1 1.

More information

Accuracy Requirements and Uncertainty Considerations in Radiation Therapy

Accuracy Requirements and Uncertainty Considerations in Radiation Therapy Departments of Oncology and Medical Biophysics Accuracy Requirements and Uncertainty Considerations in Radiation Therapy Introduction and Overview 6 August 2013 Jacob (Jake) Van Dyk Conformality 18 16

More information

Cone Beam CT Protocol Optimisation for Prostate Imaging with the Varian Radiotherapy OBI imaging system. Dr Craig Moore & Dr Tim Wood

Cone Beam CT Protocol Optimisation for Prostate Imaging with the Varian Radiotherapy OBI imaging system. Dr Craig Moore & Dr Tim Wood Cone Beam CT Protocol Optimisation for Prostate Imaging with the Varian Radiotherapy OBI imaging system Dr Craig Moore & Dr Tim Wood Background With the increasing use of CBCT imaging alongside complex

More information

Joint ICTP/IAEA Advanced School on Dosimetry in Diagnostic Radiology and its Clinical Implementation May 2009

Joint ICTP/IAEA Advanced School on Dosimetry in Diagnostic Radiology and its Clinical Implementation May 2009 2033-4 Joint ICTP/ Advanced School on Dosimetry in Diagnostic Radiology and its Clinical Implementation 11-15 May 2009 Dosimetry for General Radiology and Clinical Uncertainty Peter Homolka EFOMP Training

More information

Application of MCNP4C Monte Carlo code in radiation dosimetry in heterogeneous phantom

Application of MCNP4C Monte Carlo code in radiation dosimetry in heterogeneous phantom Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2003; 1(3): 143-149 Application of MCNP4C Monte Carlo code in radiation dosimetry in heterogeneous phantom A. Mostaar 1, M. Allahverdi 1,2, M. Shahriari 3 1 Medical Physics Department,

More information

SUMMARY OF PERSONAL DOSIMETRY PRACTICIES IN RCA MEMBER COUNTRIES

SUMMARY OF PERSONAL DOSIMETRY PRACTICIES IN RCA MEMBER COUNTRIES A Personal Dosimetry Intercomparison Study in Asian and Pacific Region Hiroyuki MURAKAMI and Fumiaki TAKAHASHI Department of Health Physics, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute and Richard V. Griffith

More information

IORT with mobile linacs: the Italian experience

IORT with mobile linacs: the Italian experience IORT with mobile linacs: the Italian experience G. Tosi, M. Ciocca lntroduction At the beginning of 1999 a mobile Linac (Novac 7, manufactured by Hitesys, Aprilia, Italy) able to produce electron beams

More information

ALTERNATIVE DESIGNS FOR MEGA VOLTAGE MACHINES FOR CANCER TREATMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

ALTERNATIVE DESIGNS FOR MEGA VOLTAGE MACHINES FOR CANCER TREATMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ALTERNATIVE DESIGNS FOR MEGA VOLTAGE MACHINES FOR CANCER TREATMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES C BORRAS Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA XA9642848 H. SVENSSON Imtemational Atomic Energy

More information

FETUS ABSORBED DOSE EVALUATION IN HEAD AND NECK RADIOTHERAPY PROCEDURES OF PREGNANT PATIENTS

FETUS ABSORBED DOSE EVALUATION IN HEAD AND NECK RADIOTHERAPY PROCEDURES OF PREGNANT PATIENTS FETUS ABSORBED DOSE EVALUATION IN HEAD AND NECK RADIOTHERAPY PROCEDURES OF PREGNANT PATIENTS Etieli Camargo da Costa 1, Luiz Antonio Ribeiro da Rosa 2 Delano Valdivino Santos Batista 3 1 Instituto de Radioproteção

More information

Dose Homogeneity of the Total Body Irradiation in vivo and in vitro confirmed with Thermoluminescent Dosimeter

Dose Homogeneity of the Total Body Irradiation in vivo and in vitro confirmed with Thermoluminescent Dosimeter Dose Homogeneity of the Total Body Irradiation in vivo and in vitro confirmed with Thermoluminescent Dosimeter E.K. Chie M.D. 1, S.W. Park M.D. 1, W.S. Kang PhD. 1,2, I.H. Kim M.D. 1,2, S.W. Ha M.D. 1,2,

More information

CURRENT CT DOSE METRICS: MAKING CTDI SIZE-SPECIFIC

CURRENT CT DOSE METRICS: MAKING CTDI SIZE-SPECIFIC CURRENT CT DOSE METRICS: MAKING CTDI SIZE-SPECIFIC Keith Strauss, MSc, FAAPM, FACR Cincinnati Children s Hospital University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Acknowledgments John Boone, PhD Michael McNitt-Grey,

More information

Production and dosimetry of simultaneous therapeutic photons and electrons beam by linear accelerator: a monte carlo study

Production and dosimetry of simultaneous therapeutic photons and electrons beam by linear accelerator: a monte carlo study Production and dosimetry of simultaneous therapeutic photons and electrons beam by linear accelerator: a monte carlo study Navid Khledi 1, Azim Arbabi 2, Dariush Sardari 1, Mohammad Mohammadi 3, Ahmad

More information

The Accuracy of 3-D Inhomogeneity Photon Algorithms in Commercial Treatment Planning Systems using a Heterogeneous Lung Phantom

The Accuracy of 3-D Inhomogeneity Photon Algorithms in Commercial Treatment Planning Systems using a Heterogeneous Lung Phantom The Accuracy of 3-D Inhomogeneity Photon Algorithms in Commercial Treatment Planning Systems using a Heterogeneous Lung Phantom Gary Fisher, B.S. David Followill, Ph.D. Geoffrey Ibbott, Ph.D. This investigation

More information

Calibration of dosimeters for small mega voltage photon fields at ARPANSA

Calibration of dosimeters for small mega voltage photon fields at ARPANSA Calibration of dosimeters for small mega voltage photon fields at ARPANSA G Ramanathan 1, C.Oliver 1, D J Butler 1, P D Harty 1, Viliami Takau 1 Tracy Wright 1 and Tom Kupfer 2 1 Australian Radiation Protection

More information

A Dosimetric study of different MLC expansion aperture For the radiotherapy of pancreas cancer

A Dosimetric study of different MLC expansion aperture For the radiotherapy of pancreas cancer IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) e-issn: 2278-861.Volume 6, Issue Ver. II (May-Jun. 201), PP 2- A Dosimetric study of different MLC expansion aperture For the radiotherapy of pancreas cancer

More information

To Reduce Hot Dose Spots in Craniospinal Irradiation: An IMRT Approach with Matching Beam Divergence

To Reduce Hot Dose Spots in Craniospinal Irradiation: An IMRT Approach with Matching Beam Divergence SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY To Reduce Hot Dose Spots in Craniospinal Irradiation: An IMRT Approach with Matching Beam Divergence Alburuj R. Rahman*, Jian Z. Wang, Dr. Z. Huang, Dr. J. Montebello Department of

More information

IGRT1 technologies. Paweł Kukołowicz Warsaw, Poland

IGRT1 technologies. Paweł Kukołowicz Warsaw, Poland IGRT1 technologies Paweł Kukołowicz Warsaw, Poland Minimal prerequisite for good, efficient radiotherapy ICTP 2015 Paweł Kukołowicz 2/29 Minimal prerequisite for good, efficient radiotherapy Well trained

More information

Eric E. Klein, Ph.D. Chair of TG-142

Eric E. Klein, Ph.D. Chair of TG-142 Eric E. Klein, Ph.D. Chair of TG-142 Professor of Radiation Oncology Washington University St. Louis, MO 2010 AAPM Annual Meeting Med. Phys. 21(4) 1994 Performance-based, comprehensive guidelines for preventing

More information

REVISITING ICRU VOLUME DEFINITIONS. Eduardo Rosenblatt Vienna, Austria

REVISITING ICRU VOLUME DEFINITIONS. Eduardo Rosenblatt Vienna, Austria REVISITING ICRU VOLUME DEFINITIONS Eduardo Rosenblatt Vienna, Austria Objective: To introduce target volumes and organ at risk concepts as defined by ICRU. 3D-CRT is the standard There was a need for a

More information

IRRADIATORS. September 11, :00 am-5:00 pm Hock Plaza Auditorium Duke University Medical Center, Erwin Road

IRRADIATORS. September 11, :00 am-5:00 pm Hock Plaza Auditorium Duke University Medical Center, Erwin Road IRRADIATORS Terry Yoshizumi,, PhD September 11, 2006 8:00 am-5:00 pm Hock Plaza Auditorium Duke University Medical Center, Erwin Road Radiation Countermeasures Center of Research Excellence 1 Acknowledgements

More information

9.5. CONVENTIONAL RADIOTHERAPY TECHNIQUE FOR TREATING THYROID CANCER

9.5. CONVENTIONAL RADIOTHERAPY TECHNIQUE FOR TREATING THYROID CANCER 9.5. CONVENTIONAL RADIOTHERAPY TECHNIQUE FOR TREATING THYROID CANCER ROBERT J. AMDUR, MD, SIYONG KIM, PhD, JONATHAN GANG LI, PhD, CHIRAY LIU, PhD, WILLIAM M. MENDENHALL, MD, AND ERNEST L. MAZZAFERRI, MD,

More information

RADIATION MONITORING DEVICES R A D I A T I O N P R O T E C T I O N & B I O L O G Y - R H O D E S

RADIATION MONITORING DEVICES R A D I A T I O N P R O T E C T I O N & B I O L O G Y - R H O D E S RADIATION MONITORING DEVICES 10-526- 1 9 7 R A D I A T I O N P R O T E C T I O N & B I O L O G Y - R H O D E S DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT OF IONIZING RADIATION Dosimeter Dose-measuring device Two classifications:

More information

Measurement of organ dose in abdomen-pelvis CT exam as a function of ma, KV and scanner type by Monte Carlo method

Measurement of organ dose in abdomen-pelvis CT exam as a function of ma, KV and scanner type by Monte Carlo method Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2004; 1(4): 187-194 Measurement of organ dose in abdomen-pelvis CT exam as a function of ma, KV and scanner type by Monte Carlo method M.R. Ay 1, M. Shahriari 2, S. Sarkar 3, P.

More information

DOSE DISTRIBUTION ANALYZE OF THE BODY STI USED MONTE CARLO METHOD

DOSE DISTRIBUTION ANALYZE OF THE BODY STI USED MONTE CARLO METHOD Proceedings of the Tenth EGS4 Users' Meeting in Japan, KEK Proceedings 2002-18, p.65-73 DOSE DISTRIBUTION ANALYZE OF THE BODY STI USED MONTE CARLO METHOD N. Tohyama, H. Saitoh, T. Fujisaki 1, S. Abe 1

More information

2001 AAPM Summer School Seattle, Washington ACR R/F Phantom

2001 AAPM Summer School Seattle, Washington ACR R/F Phantom 2001 AAPM Summer School Seattle, Washington ACR R/F Phantom Charles R. Wilson, Ph.D., FACR Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Wisconsin MCMC Circa 1975 ACR R/F Phantom This lecture has been approved

More information

CALCULATION OF BACKSCATTER FACTORS FOR LOW ENERGY X-RAYS USING THE TOPAS MONTE CARLO CODE

CALCULATION OF BACKSCATTER FACTORS FOR LOW ENERGY X-RAYS USING THE TOPAS MONTE CARLO CODE CALCULATION OF BACKSCATTER FACTORS FOR LOW ENERGY X-RAYS USING THE TOPAS MONTE CARLO CODE Emily Hewson 1 Martin Butson 1,2 Robin Hill 1,2 1 Institute of Medical Physics, School of Physics, University of

More information

Male Breast Cancer-Dosimetry Evaluation in Teletherapy

Male Breast Cancer-Dosimetry Evaluation in Teletherapy International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology, 2014, 3, 241-251 Published Online November 2014 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ijmpcero http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijmpcero.2014.34031

More information

--> Buy True-PDF --> Auto-delivered in 0~10 minutes. YY Translated English of Chinese Standard: YY

--> Buy True-PDF --> Auto-delivered in 0~10 minutes. YY Translated English of Chinese Standard: YY Translated English of Chinese Standard: YY0831-2011 www.chinesestandard.net Email: Sales@ChineseStandard.net ICS 11.040.50 YY C 43 PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA YY

More information

International Practice Accreditation

International Practice Accreditation International Practice Accreditation Program endorsed and supported by Jean-Xavier Hallet Punta Cana, Nov 2017 Short History Created in 2004 by ESTRO, independent since 2009 Dosimetry Laboratory (IGR):

More information

Response evaluation of CaSO4:Dy; LiF:Mg,Ti and LiF:Mg,Ti microdosimeters using liquid water phantom for clinical photon beams dosimetry

Response evaluation of CaSO4:Dy; LiF:Mg,Ti and LiF:Mg,Ti microdosimeters using liquid water phantom for clinical photon beams dosimetry Response evaluation of CaSO4:Dy; LiF:Mg,Ti and LiF:Mg,Ti microdosimeters using liquid water phantom for clinical photon beams dosimetry Luciana C. Matsushima 1, Glauco R. Veneziani 1, Roberto K. Sakuraba

More information

Testing of the Implementation of the Code of Practice on Dosimetry in X-ray Diagnostic Radiology Hungarian Contribution

Testing of the Implementation of the Code of Practice on Dosimetry in X-ray Diagnostic Radiology Hungarian Contribution Testing of the Implementation of the Code of Practice on Dosimetry in X-ray Diagnostic Radiology Hungarian Contribution Ferenc Giczi a*, Sándor Pellet b, Ian Donald McLean c and Ahmed Meghzifene c a Széchenyi

More information

I. Equipments for external beam radiotherapy

I. Equipments for external beam radiotherapy I. Equipments for external beam radiotherapy 5 linear accelerators (LINACs): Varian TrueBeam 6, 10 & 18 MV photons, 6-18 MeV electrons, image-guided (IGRT) and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT),

More information

DOSE MEASUREMENTS IN TELETHERAPY USING THERMOLUMINESCENT DOSIMETERS

DOSE MEASUREMENTS IN TELETHERAPY USING THERMOLUMINESCENT DOSIMETERS Romanian Reports in Physics, Vol. 63, No. 3, P. 700 706, 2011 DOSE MEASUREMENTS IN TELETHERAPY USING THERMOLUMINESCENT DOSIMETERS ZOE GHITULESCU 1, ANA STOCHIOIU 2, MIHAI DUMITRACHE 3, 1 CNCAN- National

More information

Spinal Cord Doses in Palliative Lung Radiotherapy Schedules

Spinal Cord Doses in Palliative Lung Radiotherapy Schedules Journal of the Egyptian Nat. Cancer Inst., Vol. 8, No., June: -, 00 Spinal Cord Doses in Palliative Lung Radiotherapy Schedules HODA AL-BOOZ, FRCR FFRRCSI M.D.* and CAROL PARTON, Ph.D.** The Departments

More information

Abutting Orthogonal Electron and Photon Beams in the Head and Neck Region Using Asymmetrical

Abutting Orthogonal Electron and Photon Beams in the Head and Neck Region Using Asymmetrical ORIGINAL ARTICLE Abutting Orthogonal Electron and Photon Beams in the Head and Neck Region Using Asymmetrical Photon Beam Edges Dag R. Olsen, Lina Backaert and Jan F. Evensen From the Departments of Medical

More information

Improving personal dosimetry of medical staff wearing radioprotective garments: Design of a new whole-body dosimeter using Monte Carlo simulations

Improving personal dosimetry of medical staff wearing radioprotective garments: Design of a new whole-body dosimeter using Monte Carlo simulations Improving personal dosimetry of medical staff wearing radioprotective garments: Design of a new whole-body dosimeter using Monte Carlo simulations Clarita Saldarriaga Vargas, Corinne Amalberto, Lara Struelens,

More information

Head and Neck Service

Head and Neck Service Head and Neck Service University of California, San Francisco, Department of Radiation Oncology Residency Training Program Head and Neck and Thoracic Service Educational Objectives for PGY-5 Residents

More information

Agenda: Dental Cone Beam Imaging

Agenda: Dental Cone Beam Imaging Cone Beam Imaging Agenda: Dental Cone Beam Imaging *Definition and Functionality *Usage and diagnostics benefits *Comparative radiation information *Federal regulatory responsibilities: manufacturing *State

More information

IROC Head and Neck Phantom. Guidelines for Planning and Irradiating the IROC IMRT Phantom. Revised MARCH 2014

IROC Head and Neck Phantom. Guidelines for Planning and Irradiating the IROC IMRT Phantom. Revised MARCH 2014 IROC Head and Neck Phantom Guidelines for Planning and Irradiating the IROC IMRT Phantom. Revised MARCH 2014 The study groups are requesting that each institution keep the phantom for a period of time

More information

Skyscan 1076 in vivo scanning: X-ray dosimetry

Skyscan 1076 in vivo scanning: X-ray dosimetry Skyscan 1076 in vivo scanning: X-ray dosimetry DOSIMETRY OF HIGH RESOLUTION IN VIVO RODENT MICRO-CT IMAGING WITH THE SKYSCAN 1076 An important distinction is drawn between local tissue absorbed dose in

More information

Patient dosimetry for total body irradiation using single-use MOSFET detectors

Patient dosimetry for total body irradiation using single-use MOSFET detectors JOURNAL OF APPLIED CLINICAL MEDICAL PHYSICS, VOLUME 9, NUMBER 4, FALL 2008 Patient dosimetry for total body irradiation using single-use MOSFET detectors Tina Marie Briere, 1 Ramesh Tailor, 1 Naresh Tolani,

More information

EFFECTIVENESS OF RADIATION THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE ESOPHAGUS*

EFFECTIVENESS OF RADIATION THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE ESOPHAGUS* APRIL, 1970 EFFECTIVENESS OF RADIATION THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE ESOPHAGUS* A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY Bv A. B. l RAZIER, M.I)., S. H. LEVITT, M.D., and L. S. DEGIORGI, M.D. RICHMOND, CARCINOMA

More information

Assessment of radiation dose to the chest wall and lung of the patients with breast cancer under electron beam therapy

Assessment of radiation dose to the chest wall and lung of the patients with breast cancer under electron beam therapy Assessment of radiation dose to the chest wall and lung of the patients with breast cancer under electron beam therapy MB. Tavakoli 1, M. Saeb 2, H. Emami 3 1 MB Tavakoli, Department of Medical Physics

More information

Standards for Radiation Oncology

Standards for Radiation Oncology Standards for Radiation Oncology Radiation Oncology is the independent field of medicine which deals with the therapeutic applications of radiant energy and its modifiers as well as the study and management

More information

Dosimetric characterization of surface applicators for use with the Xoft ebx system

Dosimetric characterization of surface applicators for use with the Xoft ebx system Dosimetric characterization of surface applicators for use with the Xoft ebx system R.M. Kennedy University of Wisconsin Medical Research Center Madison, WI April 23, 2010 Introduction Squamous and basal

More information

Measurement of Dose to Critical Structures Surrounding the Prostate from. Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and Three Dimensional

Measurement of Dose to Critical Structures Surrounding the Prostate from. Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and Three Dimensional Measurement of Dose to Critical Structures Surrounding the Prostate from Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and Three Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3D-CRT); A Comparative Study Erik

More information

IROC Prostate Phantom. Guidelines for Planning and Treating the IROC IMRT Prostate Phantom. Revised March 2014

IROC Prostate Phantom. Guidelines for Planning and Treating the IROC IMRT Prostate Phantom. Revised March 2014 IROC Prostate Phantom Guidelines for Planning and Treating the IROC IMRT Prostate Phantom. Revised March 2014 The study groups are requesting that each institution keep the phantom for a period of time

More information

Extracranial doses in stereotactic and conventional radiotherapy for pituitary adenomas

Extracranial doses in stereotactic and conventional radiotherapy for pituitary adenomas JOURNAL OF APPLIED CLINICAL MEDICAL PHYSICS, VOLUME 7, NUMBER 2, SPRING 2006 Extracranial doses in stereotactic and conventional radiotherapy for pituitary adenomas Thomas Samuel Ram, a Paul B. Ravindran,

More information

This article was published in an Elsevier journal. The attached copy is furnished to the author for non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the author s institution, sharing

More information

Use of Bubble Detectors to Characterize Neutron Dose Distribution in a Radiotherapy Treatment Room used for IMRT treatments

Use of Bubble Detectors to Characterize Neutron Dose Distribution in a Radiotherapy Treatment Room used for IMRT treatments Use of Bubble Detectors to Characterize Neutron Dose Distribution in a Radiotherapy Treatment Room used for IMRT treatments Alana Hudson *1 1 Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Department of Medical Physics, 1331

More information

A new geometric and mechanical verification device for medical LINACs

A new geometric and mechanical verification device for medical LINACs JOURNAL OF APPLIED CLINICAL MEDICAL PHYSICS, VOLUME 3, NUMBER 2, SPRING 2002 A new geometric and mechanical verification device for medical LINACs Keith T. Welsh,* Robert A. Wlodarczyk, and L. E. Reinstein

More information

This article was published in an Elsevier journal. The attached copy is furnished to the author for non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the author s institution, sharing

More information

Transition to Heterogeneity Corrections. Why have accurate dose algorithms?

Transition to Heterogeneity Corrections. Why have accurate dose algorithms? Transition to Heterogeneity Corrections Eric E. Klein, M.S., Washington University, St. Louis, MO Craig Stevens, M.D., Ph.D., MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX Nikos Papinikolou, Ph.D., University

More information

Anthropomorphic breast phantoms for quality assurance and dose verification

Anthropomorphic breast phantoms for quality assurance and dose verification JOURNAL OF APPLIED CLINICAL MEDICAL PHYSICS, VOLUME 5, NUMBER 1, WINTER 2004 Anthropomorphic breast phantoms for quality assurance and dose verification 1 2 3 4 José A. Bencomo, 5 Connel Chu, Victor M.

More information

Independent corroboration of monitor unit calculations performed by a 3D computerized planning system

Independent corroboration of monitor unit calculations performed by a 3D computerized planning system JOURNAL OF APPLIED CLINICAL MEDICAL PHYSICS, VOLUME 1, NUMBER 4, FALL 2000 Independent corroboration of monitor unit calculations performed by a 3D computerized planning system Konrad W. Leszczynski* and

More information

Evaluation of Whole-Field and Split-Field Intensity Modulation Radiation Therapy (IMRT) Techniques in Head and Neck Cancer

Evaluation of Whole-Field and Split-Field Intensity Modulation Radiation Therapy (IMRT) Techniques in Head and Neck Cancer 1 Charles Poole April Case Study April 30, 2012 Evaluation of Whole-Field and Split-Field Intensity Modulation Radiation Therapy (IMRT) Techniques in Head and Neck Cancer Abstract: Introduction: This study

More information

Calibration of TLD700:LiF for Clinical Radiotherapy Beam Modalities & Verification of a High Dose Rate Brachytherapy Treatment Planning System

Calibration of TLD700:LiF for Clinical Radiotherapy Beam Modalities & Verification of a High Dose Rate Brachytherapy Treatment Planning System Calibration of TLD700:LiF for Clinical Radiotherapy Beam Modalities & Verification of a High Dose Rate Brachytherapy Treatment Planning System James D Rijken Thesis submitted for the degree of Master of

More information

Dosimetry in digital mammography

Dosimetry in digital mammography Dosimetry in digital mammography Professor David Dance NCCPM, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, United kingdom Outline Why do dosimetry? History Essentials of European breast dosimetry protocol

More information

Diode calibration for dose determination in total body irradiation

Diode calibration for dose determination in total body irradiation Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2008; 6 (1): 43-50 Diode calibration for dose determination in total body irradiation M.Allahverdi 1*, Gh. Geraily 1, M. Esfehani 3,A. Sharafi 2,A. Shirazi 1 1 Department of Medical

More information

Dosimetric characterization with 62 MeV protons of a silicon segmented detector for 2D dose verifications in radiotherapy

Dosimetric characterization with 62 MeV protons of a silicon segmented detector for 2D dose verifications in radiotherapy Dosimetric characterization with 62 MeV protons of a silicon segmented detector for 2D dose verifications in radiotherapy C. Talamonti M. Bruzzi,M. Bucciolini, L. Marrazzo, D. Menichelli University of

More information

Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy: GRID Sponsored by.decimal Friday, August 22, Pamela Myers, Ph.D.

Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy: GRID Sponsored by.decimal Friday, August 22, Pamela Myers, Ph.D. Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy: GRID Sponsored by.decimal Friday, August 22, 2014 Pamela Myers, Ph.D. Introduction o o o o o Outline GRID compensator Purpose of SFRT/GRID therapy Fractionation

More information

An anthropomorphic head phantom with a BANG polymer gel insert for dosimetric evaluation of IMRT treatment delivery

An anthropomorphic head phantom with a BANG polymer gel insert for dosimetric evaluation of IMRT treatment delivery An anthropomorphic head phantom with a BANG polymer gel insert for dosimetric evaluation of IMRT treatment delivery G. Ibbott a, M. Beach a, M. Maryanski b a M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas,

More information

POSTGRADUATE INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE UNIVERSITY OF COLOMBO MP (CLINICAL ONCOLOGY) PART I EXAMINATION - AUGUST Time : p.m p.m.

POSTGRADUATE INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE UNIVERSITY OF COLOMBO MP (CLINICAL ONCOLOGY) PART I EXAMINATION - AUGUST Time : p.m p.m. POSTGRADUATE INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE UNIVERSITY OF COLOMBO MP (CLINICAL ONCOLOGY) PART I EXAMINATION - AUGUST 2015 Date :- 24 th August 2015 PAPER I Time :- 2.00 p.m. - 4.15 p.m. If the examiners cannot

More information

Doses from pediatric CT examinations in Norway Are pediatric scan protocols developed and in daily use?

Doses from pediatric CT examinations in Norway Are pediatric scan protocols developed and in daily use? Doses from pediatric CT examinations in Norway Are pediatric scan protocols developed and in daily use? Eva Godske Friberg * Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, P.O. Box, Østerås, Norway Abstract.

More information

RADIATION ONCOLOGY RESIDENCY PROGRAM Competency Evaluation of Resident

RADIATION ONCOLOGY RESIDENCY PROGRAM Competency Evaluation of Resident Resident s Name: RADIATION ONCOLOGY RESIDENCY PROGRAM Competency Evaluation of Resident Rotation: PHYS 703: Clinical Rotation 2 Inclusive dates of rotation: Feb. 26, 2016 Aug. 25, 2016 Director or Associate

More information

BICOE Stereotactic Breast Biopsy and Breast Ultrasound Accreditation. Introduction. Educational Objectives

BICOE Stereotactic Breast Biopsy and Breast Ultrasound Accreditation. Introduction. Educational Objectives BICOE Stereotactic Breast Biopsy and Breast Ultrasound Accreditation William Geiser, MS DABR Senior Medical Physicist MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas wgeiser@mdanderson.org 1 Introduction Objectives

More information

Use of Monte Carlo Simulation Software for Calculating Effective dose in Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Use of Monte Carlo Simulation Software for Calculating Effective dose in Cone Beam Computed Tomography Use of Monte Carlo Simulation Software for Calculating Effective dose in Cone Beam Computed Tomography Wilson Otto Gomes Batista Instituto Federal da Bahia Rua Emidio dos Santos s/n. Barbalho 40301-015

More information

Larynx-sparing techniques using intensitymodulated radiation therapy for oropharyngeal cancer.

Larynx-sparing techniques using intensitymodulated radiation therapy for oropharyngeal cancer. Thomas Jefferson University Jefferson Digital Commons Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers Department of Radiation Oncology 1-1-2012 Larynx-sparing techniques using intensitymodulated radiation

More information

Specification of Tumor Dose. Prescription dose. Purpose

Specification of Tumor Dose. Prescription dose. Purpose Specification of Tumor Dose George Starkschall, Ph.D. Department of Radiation Physics U.T. M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Prescription dose What do we mean by a dose prescription of 63 Gy? Isocenter dose

More information