glial cells missing and gcm2 Cell-autonomously Regulate Both Glial and Neuronal
|
|
- Asher Gregory
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 glial cells missing and gcm2 Cell-autonomously Regulate Both Glial and Neuronal Development in the Visual System of Drosophila Carole Chotard, Wendy Leung and Iris Salecker Supplemental Data Supplemental Results Epithelial and Marginal Glial Cells Originate from Multipotent Progenitor Pools To determine the relationship between gcm gene expression and the developmental sequence leading to glial fate commitment, we conducted lineage analysis experiments of epithelial and marginal glial cells using MARCM. The MARCM stock w hs-flp tubp-gal80 FRT19A; UASnlacZ UAS-cd8GFP; tubp-gal4/tm6b (kindly provided by A. Gould; Bello et al., 2003) was crossed to a wild type FRT19A line. Mitotic recombination was induced by heat shocking larvae in a 37 C water bath for 70 minutes at 48 hours after egg laying. Animals were analyzed during the late third instar larval stage. To score the composition of clones, glial cells and neurons were visualized using antibodies against the differentiation markers Repo and Elav, respectively. From 98 clones (corresponding to 92 optic lobes), images were taken at different focal planes throughout the optic lobe and some of these were processed to obtain a 3D view. The majority of clones (n=95) within GPC areas contained glial cells and neurons. Epithelial and marginal glial cells emanated from the distal half of clones within GPC areas, whereas the proximal half included a subpopulation of Elav-positive medulla neurons (Figures S1A-S1D). These proximal medulla neurons extended prominent axon bundles into ventral or dorsal parts of the medulla neuropil, which are not innervated by R-cell axons (Figures S1B and S1D; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). Epithelial and marginal glial cells are thus derived from multipotent progenitor pools. In three samples, we obtained small clones that consisted exclusively of glial cells (Figures S1G and S1H). Clones could be traced to the areas immediately adjacent to the margins of GPC areas, where epithelial and marginal glial cells accumulate before entering the R-cell projection field. Staining with an antibody specific for phospho-histone H3 labeled individual cells in mitosis adjacent to Repo-positive glial cells in 1
2 this area (Figure S1F). This indicates that common progenitors give rise to clusters of committed, mitotically active glial precursor cells at the lamina margins. Intriguingly, some differentiated epithelial and marginal glial cells are mitotically active after completing their migration into the R-cell projection field (Figure S1E). High magnification images further revealed that individually labeled glial cells at the lamina border extend leading processes towards neighboring glial cells to form a migratory chain in direction of the R-cell projection field (Figures S1G and S1H). In summary, our clonal analysis revealed the following developmental sequence underlying the generation of epithelial and marginal cells in the optic lobe: GPC areas include multipotent progenitors because epithelial and marginal glial cells share the same lineage with a subtype of medulla neurons that specifically innervate the proximal medulla neuropil. These common progenitors give rise to committed glial precursor cells at the border of the R-cell projection field, which in turn produce differentiated epithelial and marginal glial cells. Gcm and Gcm2 expression begins within these committed glial precursor cells at the lamina margins. Supplemental References Bello, B.C., Hirth, F., and Gould, AP. (2003). A pulse of the Drosophila Hox protein Abdominal-A schedules the end of neural proliferation via neuroblast apoptosis. Neuron 37, Fischbach, K.F., and Dittrich, A.P.M. (1989). The optic lobe of Drosophila melanogaster. I. A Golgi analysis of wild-type structure. Cell Tissue Res. 258,
3 Supplemental Figures Figure S1. Figure S1. Epithelial and Marginal Glial Cells Are Derived From Multipotent Progenitor Pools. (A) The schematic diagram summarizes the lineage of epithelial (eg) and marginal (mg) glial cells. These glial cells originate from the distal part of dorsal and ventral glial precursor cell (GPC) areas, whereas proximal medulla neurons (prox mn) and some lateral medulla neurons (lat mn) innervating the medulla neuropil (asterisk) are derived from the lower part of GPC areas. The black arrow indicates the location of committed glial precursors, which accumulate at the border of the R-cell projection field. R1-R6 axons terminate in the lamina, whereas R7 and R8 3
4 axons project into the medulla. OPC, outer proliferation center; LPC, lamina precursor cells; ln, lamina neurons; mn, medulla neurons; meg, medulla glia; mng, medulla neuropil glia. (B-D, G and H) Lineage analysis was performed using MARCM. Wild type clones express GFP (green). Glial cells were visualized using anti-repo (blue C-H) and R-cell axons using mab24b10 (red D, G and H) or anti-hrp (green E and F). The 3D reconstruction (B) and staining of another clone (C), which displays proximal Elav-positive cells (red, arrowhead) and distal Elav-negative cells (arrow), underscore the multipotent nature of GPC areas. (D) Successive focal planes of the clone shown in B illustrate that a continuous bridge of cells emanating from the distal half of the clone within the GPC area is directly connected to the rows of epithelial and marginal glial cells. Glial cells accumulate at the lamina margin before entering the R-cell projection field (arrows). The lower half of the clone gives rise to proximal medulla neurons innervating the medulla neuropil (arrowheads), as well as scattered lateral medulla neurons. (E and insets) Some Repo-positive differentiated glial cells (blue) retain their ability to divide and are positively labeled with phospho-histone H3 (red) after migrating to their positions along the lamina plexus (arrowheads). (F and insets) Repo-positive glial cells accumulate and intermingle with mitotically active precursor cells at the border of the GPC area (arrowheads). (G and H) Glial cells extend leading processes as they migrate towards the R-cell projection field (PF). All samples were orientated in a frontal view (see Figure S3), as this enabled us to unambiguously identify different glial cell types based on their position relative to R-cell axons. Figure S2. Figure S2. gcm and gcm2 are not Required for Asense expression in the Outer Proliferation Center. Clones in the target area were generated using the ELF system and visualized by the absence of GFP expression (green). In wild type (A), neuroblasts in the Outer Proliferation Center (OPC) and lamina precursor cells (LPC) express Asense (red). In Df(2L)200 mosaic animals (B), expression of this marker is not affected. 4
5 Figure S3. Figure S3. Schematic Drawings Illustrating Frontal, Horizontal and Lateral Orientation of Optic Lobes. GPC, glial precursor cell areas; LF, lamina furrow; LPC, lamina precursor cells; OPC, outer proliferation center. 5
Nature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1
Supplementary Figure 1 Expression of escargot (esg) and genetic approach for achieving IPC-specific knockdown. (a) esg MH766 -Gal4 UAS-cd8GFP (green) and esg-lacz B7-2-22 (red) show similar expression
More informationArticle. The Color-Vision Circuit in the Medulla of Drosophila. Javier Morante 1 and Claude Desplan 1, * 1
Current Biology 18, 1 13, April 22, 2008 ª2008 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2008.02.075 The Color-Vision Circuit in the Medulla of Drosophila Article Javier Morante 1 and Claude Desplan
More informationViktorin, G. and Riebli, N. and Popkova, A. and Giangrande, A. and Reichert, H.
Institutional Repository of the University of Basel University Library Schoenbeinstrasse 18-20 CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland http://edoc.unibas.ch/ Year: 2011 Multipotent neural stem cells generate glial
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
doi: 10.1038/nature07173 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary Figure Legends: Supplementary Figure 1: Model of SSC and CPC divisions a, Somatic stem cells (SSC) reside adjacent to the hub (red), self-renew
More informationSupplemental Data SUPPLEMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
Temporal transcription factors and their targets schedule the end of neural proliferation in Drosophila. Cédric Maurange, Louise Cheng and Alex P. Gould Supplemental Data SUPPLEMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
More informationDevelopmental Biology
Developmental iology 356 (2011) 553 565 ontents lists available at ScienceDirect Developmental iology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/developmentalbiology Multipotent neural stem cells generate glial
More informationCell Birth and Death. Chapter Three
Cell Birth and Death Chapter Three Neurogenesis All neurons and glial cells begin in the neural tube Differentiated into neurons rather than ectoderm based on factors we have already discussed If these
More informationThe Tumor Suppressors Brat and Numb Regulate Transit-Amplifying Neuroblast Lineages in Drosophila
Article The Tumor Suppressors Brat and Numb Regulate Transit-Amplifying Neuroblast Lineages in Drosophila Sarah K. Bowman, 1 Vivien Rolland, 1 Joerg Betschinger, 1,3 Kaolin A. Kinsey, 2 Gregory Emery,
More informationConcentric zones, cell migration and neuronal circuits in the Drosophila visual center
983 Development 138, 983-993 (2011) doi:10.1242/dev.058370 2011. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd Concentric zones, cell migration and neuronal circuits in the Drosophila visual center Eri Hasegawa
More informationCell migration in Drosophila optic lobe neurons is controlled by eyeless/pax6
687 Development 138, 687-693 (2011) doi:10.1242/dev.056069 2011. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd Cell migration in Drosophila optic lobe neurons is controlled by eyeless/pax6 Javier Morante
More informationG-TRACE: rapid Gal4-based cell lineage analysis in Drosophila
nature methods G-TRACE: rapid Gal4-based cell lineage analysis in Drosophila Cory J Evans, John M Olson, Kathy T Ngo, Eunha Kim, Noemi E Lee, Edward Kuoy, Alexander N Patananan, Daniel Sitz, PhuongThao
More informationA region-specific neurogenesis mode requires migratory progenitors in the Drosophila visual system
Europe PMC Funders Group Author Manuscript Published in final edited form as: Nat Neurosci. 2015 January ; 18(1): 46 55. doi:10.1038/nn.3896. A region-specific neurogenesis mode requires migratory progenitors
More informationPostembryonic Development of Amplifying Neuroblast Lineages in the Drosophila Brain: Proliferation, Differentiation and Projection Patterns.
Postembryonic Development of Amplifying Neuroblast Lineages in the Drosophila Brain: Proliferation, Differentiation and Projection Patterns. Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung der Würde eines Doktors
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
DOI: 10.1038/ncb2419 Figure S1 NiGFP localization in Dl mutant dividing SOPs. a-c) time-lapse analysis of NiGFP (green) in Dl mutant SOPs (H2B-RFP, red; clones were identified by the loss of nlsgfp) showing
More informationSupplementary Figure 1. Chimeric analysis of inner ears. (A-H) Chimeric inner ears with fluorescent ES cells and (I,J) Rainbow inner ears.
Supplementary Figure 1. himeric analysis of inner ears. (A-H) himeric inner ears with fluorescent ES cells and (I,J) Rainbow inner ears. (A,B) omposite images showing three colors in different vestibular
More informationNature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1. MADM labeling of thalamic clones.
Supplementary Figure 1 MADM labeling of thalamic clones. (a) Confocal images of an E12 Nestin-CreERT2;Ai9-tdTomato brain treated with TM at E10 and stained for BLBP (green), a radial glial progenitor-specific
More informationNature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1. Neuron class-specific arrangements of Khc::nod::lacZ label in dendrites.
Supplementary Figure 1 Neuron class-specific arrangements of Khc::nod::lacZ label in dendrites. Staining with fluorescence antibodies to detect GFP (Green), β-galactosidase (magenta/white). (a, b) Class
More informationSupplementary Figure 1 Madm is not required in GSCs and hub cells. (a,b) Act-Gal4-UAS-GFP (a), Act-Gal4-UAS- GFP.nls (b,c) is ubiquitously expressed
Supplementary Figure 1 Madm is not required in GSCs and hub cells. (a,b) Act-Gal4-UAS-GFP (a), Act-Gal4-UAS- GFP.nls (b,c) is ubiquitously expressed in the testes. The testes were immunostained with GFP
More informationmarker. DAPI labels nuclei. Flies were 20 days old. Scale bar is 5 µm. Ctrl is
Supplementary Figure 1. (a) Nos is detected in glial cells in both control and GFAP R79H transgenic flies (arrows), but not in deletion mutant Nos Δ15 animals. Repo is a glial cell marker. DAPI labels
More informationSupplementary Figure 1. Electroporation of a stable form of β-catenin causes masses protruding into the IV ventricle. HH12 chicken embryos were
Supplementary Figure 1. Electroporation of a stable form of β-catenin causes masses protruding into the IV ventricle. HH12 chicken embryos were electroporated with β- Catenin S33Y in PiggyBac expression
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
b 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 E0 E10 E50 E0 E10 E50 E0 E10 E50 E0 E10 E50 Number of organoids per well 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 R0 R50 R100 R500 1st 2nd 3rd Noggin 100 ng/ml Noggin 10 ng/ml Noggin
More informationSupplemental Information. Proprioceptive Opsin Functions. in Drosophila Larval Locomotion
Neuron, Volume 98 Supplemental Information Proprioceptive Opsin Functions in Drosophila Larval Locomotion Damiano Zanini, Diego Giraldo, Ben Warren, Radoslaw Katana, Marta Andrés, Suneel Reddy, Stephanie
More informationTemporal Patterning of Neuroblasts Controls Notch-Mediated Cell Survival through Regulation of Hid or Reaper
Temporal Patterning of Neuroblasts Controls Notch-Mediated Cell Survival through Regulation of Hid or Reaper Claire Bertet, 1 Xin Li, 1 Ted Erclik, 1 Matthieu Cavey, 1 Brent Wells, 1 and Claude Desplan
More informationA quantitative three-dimensional model of the Drosophila optic lobes Karlheinz Rein*, Malte Zöckler and Martin Heisenberg*
Brief Communication 93 A quantitative three-dimensional model of the Drosophila optic lobes Karlheinz Rein*, Malte Zöckler and Martin Heisenberg* A big step in the neurobiology of Drosophila would be to
More informationSupplementary Information
Supplementary Information Figure S1: Follicular melanocytes in the wound peripheral area migrate to the epidermis in response to wounding stimuli. Dorsal skin of Trp2-LacZ mice stained with X-gal and analyzed
More informationdoi: /nature09554
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION doi:10.1038/nature09554 Supplementary Figure 1: Optical Tracing with New Photoactivatable GFP Variants Reveals Enhanced Labeling of Neuronal Processes We qualitatively compare
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
doi:10.1038/nature10188 Supplementary Figure 1. Embryonic epicardial genes are down-regulated from midgestation stages and barely detectable post-natally. Real time qrt-pcr revealed a significant down-regulation
More informationControl of proliferation activation in quiescent neuroblasts of the Drosophila central nervous system
Development 121, 1173-1182 (1995) Printed in Great Britain The Company of Biologists Limited 1995 1173 Control of proliferation activation in quiescent neuroblasts of the Drosophila central nervous system
More informationNeurodevelopment II Structure Formation. Reading: BCP Chapter 23
Neurodevelopment II Structure Formation Reading: BCP Chapter 23 Phases of Development Ovum + Sperm = Zygote Cell division (multiplication) Neurogenesis Induction of the neural plate Neural proliferation
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION doi:10.1038/nature11306 Supplementary Figures Supplementary Figure 1. Basic characterization of GFP+ RGLs in the dentate gyrus of adult nestin-gfp mice. a, Sample confocal images
More informationInsect nervous system. Zoo 514 Dr. Reem Alajmi
Insect nervous system Zoo 514 Dr. Reem Alajmi Nervous System The nervous system is the primary mechanism of conduction and control in the body. In insects it serves as an elaborate (complex) connecting
More informationProgress Report for NJCSCR (Yu-Wen Chang)
Progress Report for NJCSCR (Yu-Wen Chang) Overall Plan Summary: Traumatic injury to the spinal cord initiates a cascade of degenerative processes, known as secondary injury, which include various inflammatory
More informationDissecting and Staining Drosophila Optic Lobes PAGE PROOFS
Ch10_DNB:Drosophila Neurobiology Manual 2/19/10 9:11 AM Page 1 10 Dissecting and Staining Drosophila Optic Lobes ABSTRACT The Drosophila visual system is composed of Optic Lobes at Different Stages of
More informationOverview of the Nervous System (some basic concepts) Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota
Overview of the Nervous System (some basic concepts) Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota 1 Coffee Hour Tuesday (Sept 11) 10:00-11:00am Friday (Sept 14) 8:30-9:30am Surdyk s
More informationSOMATOSENSORY SYSTEMS
SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEMS Schematic diagram illustrating the neural pathways that convey somatosensory information to the cortex and, subsequently, to the motor system. Double arrows show reciprocal connections.
More informationNeurogenesis in the insect brain: cellular identification and molecular characterization of brain neuroblasts in the grasshopper embryo
Development 118, 941-955 (1993) Printed in Great Britain The Company of Biologists Limited 1993 941 Neurogenesis in the insect brain: cellular identification and molecular characterization of brain neuroblasts
More informationCancer Stem Cells & Glioblastoma
Cancer Stem Cells & Glioblastoma JP Hugnot «Brain plasticity, Neural stem cells and Glial tumors» INSERM U1051-UM2 Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier Montpellier 1-Stem cells and Brain Stem Cells
More informationMammalian Cerebral Cortex: Embryonic Development and Cytoarchitecture
Mammalian Cerebral Cortex: Embryonic Development and Cytoarchitecture 2 The prenatal developmental of the mammalian cerebral cortex, including that of humans, is characterized by two sequential and interrelated
More informationRole of Notch signaling in establishing the hemilineages of secondary neurons in Drosophila melanogaster
RESEARCH ARTICLE 53 Development 137, 53-61 (2010) doi:10.1242/dev.041749 Role of Notch signaling in establishing the hemilineages of secondary neurons in Drosophila melanogaster James W. Truman*,, Wanda
More informationCell Type Nervous System I. Developmental Readout. Foundations. Stem cells. Organ formation. Human issues.
7.72 10.11.06 Cell Type Nervous System I Human issues Organ formation Stem cells Developmental Readout Axes Cell type Axon guidance 3D structure Analysis Model + + organisms Foundations Principles 1 What
More informationT H E J O U R N A L O F C E L L B I O L O G Y
T H E J O U R N A L O F C E L L B I O L O G Y Supplemental material Krenn et al., http://www.jcb.org/cgi/content/full/jcb.201110013/dc1 Figure S1. Levels of expressed proteins and demonstration that C-terminal
More informationOlfactory ensheathing glia
Olfactory ensheathing glia From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Neuroglia of the brain shown by Golgi's method. Olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG), also known as olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) or olfactory
More informationSupplementary Figure 1
Supplementary Figure 1 Global TeNT expression effectively impairs synaptic transmission. Injection of 100 pg tent mrna leads to a reduction of vesicle mediated synaptic transmission in the spinal cord
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Supplementary Figure 1. Ras V12 expression in the entire eye-antennal disc does not cause invasive tumours. a, Eye-antennal discs expressing Ras V12 in all cells (marked with GFP, green) overgrow moderately
More informationNeuroepithelial Cells and Neural Differentiation
Neuroepithelial Cells and Neural Differentiation Neurulation The cells of the neural tube are NEUROEPITHELIAL CELLS Neural crest cells migrate out of neural tube Neuroepithelial cells are embryonic stem
More informationCSE511 Brain & Memory Modeling. Lect03: Intro to Neuroscience
CSE511 Brain & Memory Modeling CSE511 Brain & Memory Modeling Lect02: BOSS Discrete Event Simulator Lect03: Intro to Neuroscience Chapter 1 of Purves et al., 4e Larry Wittie Computer Science, StonyBrook
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
DOI: 0.038/ncb33 a b c 0 min 6 min 7 min (fixed) DIC -GFP, CenpF 3 µm Nocodazole Single optical plane -GFP, CenpF Max. intensity projection d µm -GFP, CenpF, -GFP CenpF 3-D rendering e f 0 min 4 min 0
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
DOI: 10.1038/ncb2988 Supplementary Figure 1 Kif7 L130P encodes a stable protein that does not localize to cilia tips. (a) Immunoblot with KIF7 antibody in cell lysates of wild-type, Kif7 L130P and Kif7
More information20 2 Stomach Fig. 2.1 An illustration showing different patterns of the myenteric plexus peculiar to the regions in the guinea-pig stomach stained wit
Stomach 2 The stomach is unique in that ICC have a different distribution in proximal and distal regions of the same organ. ICC-CM and ICC-LM are densely distributed throughout the thick circular and longitudinal
More informationThe Neural Substrate of Spectral Preference in Drosophila
Article The Neural Substrate of Spectral Preference in Drosophila Shuying Gao, 1,8 Shin-ya Takemura, 2,8 Chun-Yuan Ting, 1,8 Songling Huang, 1 Zhiyuan Lu, 2 Haojiang Luan, 3 Jens Rister, 4,9 Andreas S.
More informationCompartmental organization of the Drosophila genital imaginal discs
Development 124, 205-218 (1997) Printed in Great Britain The Company of Biologists Limited 1997 DEV8366 205 Compartmental organization of the Drosophila genital imaginal discs Elizabeth H. Chen 1 and Bruce
More informationOption A: Neurobiology & Behavior HL BIOLOGY 2 ND EDITION DAMON, MCGONEGAL, TOSTO, AND
Option A: Neurobiology & Behavior A1: NEURAL DEVELOPMENT USE THE INFO IN THE PRESENTATION TO COMPLETE A1 NOTES GUIDE INFORMATION TAKEN FROM: HL BIOLOGY 2 ND EDITION DAMON, MCGONEGAL, TOSTO, AND WARD BIOLOGY
More informationA Genetic Program for Embryonic Development
Concept 18.4: A program of differential gene expression leads to the different cell types in a multicellular organism During embryonic development, a fertilized egg gives rise to many different cell types
More informationSupplementary Figure S1: Tanycytes are restricted to the central/posterior hypothalamus
Supplementary Figure S1: Tanycytes are restricted to the central/posterior hypothalamus a: Expression of Vimentin, GFAP, Sox2 and Nestin in anterior, central and posterior hypothalamus. In the anterior
More informationSupplemental Information. Ciliary Beating Compartmentalizes. Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow in the Brain. and Regulates Ventricular Development
Current Biology, Volume Supplemental Information Ciliary Beating Compartmentalizes Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow in the Brain and Regulates Ventricular Development Emilie W. Olstad, Christa Ringers, Jan N.
More informationSupplementary Figure 1. Identification of the type II spiral ganglion neurons (SGN) via immunofluorescence of peripherin protein (PRPH).
Supplementary Figure 1. Identification of the type II spiral ganglion neurons (SGN) via immunofluorescence of peripherin protein (PRPH). (a), (b), PRPH immunolabelling of cryosections from post-natal day
More informationGlia and Muscle Sculpt Neuromuscular Arbors by Engulfing Destabilized Synaptic Boutons and Shed Presynaptic Debris
Glia and Muscle Sculpt Neuromuscular Arbors by Engulfing Destabilized Synaptic Boutons and Shed Presynaptic Debris Yuly Fuentes-Medel, Mary A. Logan, James Ashley, Bulent Ataman, Vivian Budnik*, Marc R.
More informationDEVELOPMENT. Levan Mchedlishvili 1,2, Hans H. Epperlein 2, Anja Telzerow 1 and Elly M. Tanaka 1, *
RESEARCH ARTICLE 2083 Development 134, 2083-2093 (2007) doi:10.1242/dev.02852 A clonal analysis of neural progenitors during axolotl spinal cord regeneration reveals evidence for both spatially restricted
More informationSupplemental Figure 1. Intracranial transduction of a modified ptomo lentiviral vector in the mouse
Supplemental figure legends Supplemental Figure 1. Intracranial transduction of a modified ptomo lentiviral vector in the mouse hippocampus targets GFAP-positive but not NeuN-positive cells. (A) Stereotaxic
More informationMicroglia-derived extracellular vesicles regulate the proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells
University of Turin CNR Institute of Neuroscience Microglia-derived extracellular vesicles regulate the proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells Roberta Parolisi Turin, December
More informationSupplementary Figures
Supplementary Figures Supplementary Figure 1. nrg1 bns101/bns101 embryos develop a functional heart and survive to adulthood (a-b) Cartoon of Talen-induced nrg1 mutation with a 14-base-pair deletion in
More informationErbB4 migrazione I parte. 3- ErbB4- NRG1
ErbB4 migrazione I parte 3- ErbB4- NRG1 1 In rodent brains postnatal neuronal migration is evident in three main areas: the cerebellum (CB), the hippocampus (Hipp) and the rostral migratory stream (RMS).
More informationZhu et al, page 1. Supplementary Figures
Zhu et al, page 1 Supplementary Figures Supplementary Figure 1: Visual behavior and avoidance behavioral response in EPM trials. (a) Measures of visual behavior that performed the light avoidance behavior
More informationSupplementary Figure 1
Supplementary Figure 1 Kif1a RNAi effect on basal progenitor differentiation Related to Figure 2. Representative confocal images of the VZ and SVZ of rat cortices transfected at E16 with scrambled or Kif1a
More informationOrganization of The Nervous System PROF. MOUSAED ALFAYEZ & DR. SANAA ALSHAARAWY
Organization of The Nervous System PROF. MOUSAED ALFAYEZ & DR. SANAA ALSHAARAWY Objectives At the end of the lecture, the students should be able to: List the parts of the nervous system. List the function
More informationNG2 + CNS Glial Progenitors Remain Committed to the Oligodendrocyte Lineage in Postnatal Life and following Neurodegeneration
Article NG2 + CNS Glial Progenitors Remain Committed to the Oligodendrocyte Lineage in Postnatal Life and following Neurodegeneration Shin H. Kang, 1 Masahiro Fukaya, 2,4 Jason K. Yang, 1 Jeffrey D. Rothstein,
More informationNegative regulation of atonal in proneural cluster formation of Drosophila R8 photoreceptors
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 96, pp. 5055 5060, April 1999 Developmental Biology Negative regulation of atonal in proneural cluster formation of Drosophila R8 photoreceptors CHIEN-KUO CHEN AND CHENG-TING
More informationFigure S 1. S1. Histological evaluation of lateral hemisection.
Dorsal Central Ventral Figure S1. Histological evaluation of lateral hemisection. Schematic Figure S1. Histological evaluation of lateral hemisection. Schematic representation of hemisection at. Dashed
More informationSupplementary Information
Supplementary Information Title Degeneration and impaired regeneration of gray matter oligodendrocytes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Authors Shin H. Kang, Ying Li, Masahiro Fukaya, Ileana Lorenzini,
More informationNeurogenesis and neuronal circuit formation in the Drosophila visual center
The Japanese Society of Developmental Biologists Develop. Growth Differ. (2014) 56, 491 498 doi: 10.1111/dgd.12151 Review Article Neurogenesis and neuronal circuit formation in the Drosophila visual center
More informationTransgenic Expression of the Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factor CagA Promotes Apoptosis or Tumorigenesis through JNK Activation in Drosophila
Transgenic Expression of the Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factor CagA Promotes Apoptosis or Tumorigenesis through JNK Activation in Drosophila Anica M. Wandler, Karen Guillemin* Institute of Molecular
More informationA Cxcl12-Cxcr4 Chemokine Signaling Pathway Defines
Supplemental Data A Cxcl12-Cxcr4 Chemokine Signaling Pathway Defines the Initial Trajectory of Mammalian Motor Axons Ivo Lieberam, Dritan Agalliu, Takashi Nagasawa, Johan Ericson, and Thomas M. Jessell
More informationPrss56, a novel marker of adult neurogenesis in the mouse brain. - Supplemental Figures 1 to 5- Brain Structure and Function
Prss56, a novel marker of adult neurogenesis in the mouse brain - Supplemental Figures 1 to 5- Brain Structure and Function Alexandre Jourdon 1,2, Aurélie Gresset 1, Nathalie Spassky 1, Patrick Charnay
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
DOI: 10.1038/ncb2638 Figure S1 Morphological characteristics of fetal testes and ovaries from 6.5-20 developmental weeks. Representative images of Hematoxylin and Eosin staining of testes and ovaries over
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY FIG. S2. Representative counting fields used in quantification of the in vitro neural differentiation of pattern of dnscs.
Supplementary Data SUPPLEMENTARY FIG. S1. Representative counting fields used in quantification of the in vitro neural differentiation of pattern of anpcs. A panel of lineage-specific markers were used
More informationDoes History Repeat Itself? The case of cortical columns. Those who fail to learn the lessons of history are condemned to repeat it George Santayana
Does History Repeat Itself? The case of cortical columns Those who fail to learn the lessons of history are condemned to repeat it George Santayana Stripe of Gennari Gennari says that he first saw his
More informationThe Serotonergic Central Nervous System of the Drosophila Larva: Anatomy and Behavioral Function
The Serotonergic Central Nervous System of the Drosophila Larva: Anatomy and Behavioral Function Annina Huser 1., Astrid Rohwedder 1,5., Anthi A. Apostolopoulou 1,5, Annekathrin Widmann 1,5, Johanna E.
More informationAhtiainen et al., http :// /cgi /content /full /jcb /DC1
Supplemental material JCB Ahtiainen et al., http ://www.jcb.org /cgi /content /full /jcb.201512074 /DC1 THE JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY Figure S1. Distinct distribution of different cell cycle phases in the
More informationNature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1
Supplementary Figure 1 Subcellular segregation of VGluT2-IR and TH-IR within the same VGluT2-TH axon (wild type rats). (a-e) Serial sections of a dual VGluT2-TH labeled axon. This axon (blue outline) has
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Plikus et al. 10.1073/pnas.1215935110 SI Text Movies S1, S2, S3, and S4 are time-lapse recordings from individually cultured Period2 Luc vibrissa follicles show that circadian cycles
More informationNotch regulates wingless expression and is not required for reception of the
Development 121, 2813-2824 (1995) Printed in Great Britain The Company of Biologists Limited 1995 2813 Notch regulates wingless expression and is not required for reception of the paracrine wingless signal
More informationCell Migration II: CNS Cell Migration. Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota
Cell Migration II: CNS Cell Migration Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota 1 Hey! The major concepts discussed relative to neural crest cell migration apply to cell migration
More informationSeafood Contaminants causing Foodborne Diseases
Seafood Contaminants causing Foodborne Diseases Bacteria and Viruses Vibrio species Viruses: Norwalk-like (NLV) and Hepatitis A (HAV) Industrial Compounds Mercury Polyclorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Natural
More informationHypothalamus. To learn how the brain regulates neuroendocrine secretions NTA Ch 14, pgs Key Figs: 14-3; 14-4,
Hypothalamus Objectives To learn the general organization of the hypothalamus and the functions of the major nuclei NTA Ch 14, pgs. 419-422 Key Figs: 14-2, 14-3 To learn how the brain regulates neuroendocrine
More informationDevelopment of B and T lymphocytes
Development of B and T lymphocytes What will we discuss today? B-cell development T-cell development B- cell development overview Stem cell In periphery Pro-B cell Pre-B cell Immature B cell Mature B cell
More informationatonal Regulates Neurite Arborization but Does Not Act as a Proneural Gene in the Drosophila Brain
Neuron, Vol. 25, 549 561, March, 2000, Copyright 2000 by Cell Press atonal Regulates Neurite Arborization but Does Not Act as a Proneural Gene in the Drosophila Brain Bassem A. Hassan,* # Nessan A. Bermingham,*
More informationSupplementary Figure 1: Signaling centers contain few proliferating cells, express p21, and
Supplementary Figure 1: Signaling centers contain few proliferating cells, express p21, and exclude YAP from the nucleus. (a) Schematic diagram of an E10.5 mouse embryo. (b,c) Sections at B and C in (a)
More informationDevelopmental Biology
Developmental Biology 327 (2009) 288 300 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Developmental Biology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/developmentalbiology The HLH protein Extramacrochaetae is required
More informationThe neurvous system senses, interprets, and responds to changes in the environment. Two types of cells makes this possible:
NERVOUS SYSTEM The neurvous system senses, interprets, and responds to changes in the environment. Two types of cells makes this possible: the neuron and the supporting cells ("glial cells"). Neuron Neurons
More informationFile name: Supplementary Information Description: Supplementary Figures, Supplementary Table and Supplementary References
File name: Supplementary Information Description: Supplementary Figures, Supplementary Table and Supplementary References File name: Supplementary Data 1 Description: Summary datasheets showing the spatial
More informationEnsheathing Glia Function as Phagocytes in the Adult Drosophila Brain
4768 The Journal of Neuroscience, April 15, 2009 29(15):4768 4781 Cellular/Molecular Ensheathing Glia Function as Phagocytes in the Adult Drosophila Brain Johnna Doherty,* Mary A. Logan,* Özge E. Taşdemir,
More informationA new subtype of progenitor cell in the mouse embryonic neocortex. Xiaoqun Wang, Jin-Wu Tsai, Bridget LaMonica & Arnold R.
A new subtype of progenitor cell in the mouse embryonic neocortex Xiaoqun Wang, Jin-Wu Tsai, Bridget LaMonica & Arnold R. Kriegstein Supplementary Figures 1-6: Supplementary Movies 1-9: Supplementary
More information100 mm Sucrose. +Berberine +Quinine
8 mm Sucrose Probability (%) 7 6 5 4 3 Wild-type Gr32a / 2 +Caffeine +Berberine +Quinine +Denatonium Supplementary Figure 1: Detection of sucrose and bitter compounds is not affected in Gr32a / flies.
More informationDrosophila Hey is a target of Notch in asymmetric divisions during embryonic and larval neurogenesis
AND STEM CELLS 191 Development 137, 191-201 (2010) doi:10.1242/dev.043604 Drosophila Hey is a target of Notch in asymmetric divisions during embryonic and larval neurogenesis Maria Monastirioti 1, Nikolaos
More informationOrganization of The Nervous System PROF. SAEED ABUEL MAKAREM
Organization of The Nervous System PROF. SAEED ABUEL MAKAREM Objectives By the end of the lecture, you should be able to: List the parts of the nervous system. List the function of the nervous system.
More informationDevelopmental Biology
Developmental Biology xxx (2011) xxx xxx YDBIO-05383; No. of pages: 11; 4C: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Developmental Biology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/developmentalbiology
More informationa 0,8 Figure S1 8 h 12 h y = 0,036x + 0,2115 y = 0,0366x + 0,206 Labeling index Labeling index ctrl shrna Time (h) Time (h) ctrl shrna S G2 M G1
(GFP+ BrdU+)/GFP+ Labeling index Labeling index Figure S a, b, y =,x +, y =,x +,,,,,,,, Time (h) - - Time (h) c d S G M G h M G S G M G S G h Time of BrdU injection after electroporation (h) M G S G M
More informationEpithelia will be discussed according to the following scheme: Type Number of layers Shape Line drawing. Squamous Cuboidal Columnar
Epithelia Epithelia will be discussed according to the following scheme: Type Number of layers Shape Line drawing Simple Squamous Cuboidal Columnar Covering and Lining epithelium Pseudostratified Stratified
More informationSupplementary Figure S1: TIPF reporter validation in the wing disc.
Supplementary Figure S1: TIPF reporter validation in the wing disc. a,b, Test of put RNAi. a, In wildtype discs the Dpp target gene Sal (red) is expressed in a broad stripe in the centre of the ventral
More informationT H E J O U R N A L O F C E L L B I O L O G Y
Supplemental material Wang and Page-McCaw, http://www.jcb.org/cgi/content/full/jcb.201403084/dc1 T H E J O U R N A L O F C E L L B I O L O G Y Figure S1. Extracellular anti-wg staining is specific. Note
More information