Adenocarcinorna of the Ciliary Body A Report of 2 Cases in Dogs

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1 Path. vet. 5: (1968) From the Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York Adenocarcinorna of the Ciliary Body A Report of 2 Cases in Dogs ROY W. BELLHORN and PAUL HENKIND Tumors of the irido-ciliary epithelium are rare in humans3; their incidence in animals is not known. A report by SAUNDERS and BARRON4 of 15 canine intraocular tumors includes 4 such lesions (3 adenomas, 1 adenocarcinoma) suggesting that these neoplasms may not be rare in dogs. Their review of the literature cited instances of such tumors in the dog, cat, and cow, and a recent survey of 197 eye and adnexal tumors in animals included one such tumor in a horse with orbital invasion2. This report is of 2 cases of adenocarcinoma of the ciliary body in dogs, one of which invaded the orbit. Report of Cases Case 1. A 10-year-old male Dachshund was presented for evaluation of an intraocular growth which had progressed to involve the entire globe over a period of years. The eye was removed and fixed in 10% formalin. Three years later the dog died ; no recurrence or evidence of other tumor was found at autopsy. Information on the gross aspects of the specimen was unavailable. Histologically, neoplastic tissue filled the globe and extended episclerally at the equator. Hemorrhage and necrosis were present within the mass; only sclera, cornea, and some uveal tissue could be distinguished. The mass was composed primarily of epithelial cells arranged in tubular and rosette-like formations (Fig. 2). The cells were cuboidal or columnar with round or oval nuclei; mitotic figures were rare. In some areas, fine processes extended from the cells to the center of tubular lumina. Case 2. A 4-year-old female German Shepherd dog developed an intractable glaucoma subsequent to a suspected cat claw injury the previous month. The veterinarian noted scleral injection, interstitial keratitis, flocculent material in the vitreous, and possible iris bombe. Several weeks later, partial retinal detachment was noted. Treatment for endophthalmitis and secondary glaucoma was ineffective and the dog was referred to one of us (R.W.B.). Clinically, the iris was adherent to

2 Adenocarcinoma of the Ciliary Body Fig. 1. Photograph of bisected globe showing tumor (T) located adjacent to lens (L). (Case 2). the cornea at the nasal periphery, the nasal portion of the lens was displaced posteriorly, and there was hemorrhage in the vitreous body. Intraocular tumor was considered in the differential diagnosis but the owner wished to continue conservatire treatment. Several months later the referring veterinarian reported persistent hyphema; shortly thereafter the eye was enucleated, fixed in 10% formalin, and sent to this laboratory. The dog was reported to be in good health 15 months post-operatively. The eye measured 26 x27 x28 mm. The cornea was opaque. The globe was opened in the horizontal plane and a solid white mass measuring 5 x7 mm was seen in the nasal portion of the ciliary body (Fig. 1). The lens was displaced nasally and the retina was totally detached. Hemorrhage filled the anterior portion of the eye and a gray coagulum was present in the subretinal space. Histologically, the mass was seen to arise from the ciliary epithelium in one area. It was composed of epithelial cells arranged in tubular and rosette-like formations (Fig. 3). The cells were cuboidal with round, vesicular nuclei; mitotic figures were numerous. Fine processes extended from the cells to a thin cellular membrane (in some instances an apparent blood vessel) in the lumen of the tubules or rosettes. Fibrous tissue extended from both sides of the ciliary body and encompassed the dislocated lens. There was a partially calcified plaque of cartilage within the cyclitic membrane adjacent to the tumor. The iris, ciliary body, and choroid were atrophic.

3 124 BELLIIORN/HENKIND The retina was detached and in some areas degencration of the rods and cones was marked ; elsewhere disorganization and gliosis were evident. There was hemorrhage in the subretinal space, vitreous cavity, and anterior chamber. Discussion Although the site of the tumor in case 1 could not be determined because of the extensive involvement of ocular structures, the histological characteristics suggest a ciliary epithelial origin. In case 2, which has similar histologic features, the tumor can be seen to arise from the ciliary epithelium. Case 1 shows marked destruction of intraocular tissues and also extraocular extension. In case 2, the ciliary body has been invaded and numerous mitotic figures are evident. Because of these characteristics, we have classified these tumors as adenocarcinomas of the ciliary body. No evidence of distant metastasis was found at autopsy in case 1, and in case 2 there has been no clinical evidence of metastasis to date. In their case of ciliary body adenocarcinoma, SAUNDERS and BARRON also noted no postmortem evidcncc of metastasis. Adenocarcinoma, or malignant epithelioma, of the ciliary body in humans is known to be locally invasive while metastasis is extremely rare1,3 The data presented here suggest that adenocarcinoma of the ciliary body in dogs behaves in a similar fashion. Two cases of adenocarcinoma of the ciliary body in the dog are described. Invasion of ocular tissues and, in 1 case, extraocular tissue occurred, however distant metastasis did not. These characteristics are similar to those of such tumors in man. Ztlsammen fassang Es werden zwei Falle von einem Adenokarzinom des Ziliarkorpers beim Hund bescnrieben. Eine Infiltration der okularen Gewebc und in cinem Fall der extraokularen Gewebe trat auf, jedoch keine entfernteren hietastasen. Diese Eigenschaften stimmen mit denen entsprechender Tumoren beim hlcnschen ubcrein. Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank The Animal AIedical Center, New York, N.Y. and WILLIAM E. ZrreK, D.V.hl., Rockville Center, N.Y. for providing the case material. This work was carried out under Grant NB of the United States Public Hcalth Service.

4 Fig. 2. Photomicrograph of tumor showing tubular cellular arrangements, H & E, 10 x. (Case 1). F k. 4. Photomicrograph of tumor shouing ccllular arrangements in tubules and rosettes. H & E, 25 x. (Case 2).

5 126 BELLIIORN/HENKIND References 1. ANDERSEN, S. RY: Medulloepithelioma of the retina. In: Tumors of the Eye and Adnexa, L.E. ZIMMERMAN, editor, International Ophthalmology Clinics Vol. 2, No. 2, pp (Little and Brown, Boston 1962). 2. BLODI, F.C. and RAMSEY, F.K.: Ocular tumors in domestic animals. Amer. 1. Ophth. 64: (1967). 3. REESE, A.B.: Tumors of the Eye, 2nd ed., p. 53 (Hoeber hkdical Division, Harper and Row, New York 1963). 4. SAUNDERS, L.Z. and BARRON, C.N.: Primary pigmented intraocular tumors in animals. Cancer Res. 18: (1958). Author s address: Dr. R.W. BELLHORX, Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmolo~y. New York University School of Mcdicinc, Ntw York (L.S.A.).