MR Imaging of the Optic Nerve and Sheath: Correcting
|
|
- Bernadette Clark
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 249 MR Imaging of the Opti Nerve and Sheath: Correting the Chemial Shift Misregistration Effet David L. Daniels 1 J. rue Kneeland 1 nn Shimakawa 2 Kathleen W. Pojunas 1 John F. Shenk 3 Howard Hart, Jr.3 Thomas Foster lan L. Williams 1 Vitor M. Haughton 1 The interfae between soft-tissue strutures and adipose tissue may be obsured by the hemial shift misregistration effet on MR images. In the orbit, this effet ours at the edges at the opti nerve, even on high-resolution loal oil images. In both phantom and linial studies with a 1.5 T loal oil imaging system, it was found that the hemial shift misregistration effet an be minimized by positioning the patient so that the opti nerve is parallel to the frequeny enoding gradient. lternatively, the effet an be orreted by using a omputer program to ombine "lipid" and "water" proton images. The sensitivity of MR for opti nerve lesions should be improved by these tehnial modifiations. The purpose of this report is to demonstrate the hemial shift misregistration effet on magneti resonane (MR) images of the orbit and to present two methods of dealing with this effet. The hemial shift misregistration effet ours beause water and lipid protons have slightly different resonant frequenies. s a result, low- and high-intensity linear bands appear at the edges of soft-tissue strutures adjaent to adipose tissue in the diretion of the frequeny enoding gradient. For this study, this gradient is in the diretion of the horizontal axis for axial images. (The frequeny enoding gradient gives positional information by virtue of differenes in frequeny. The phase enoding gradient, whih is perpendiular to the frequeny enoding gradient, gives positional information by virtue of differenes in phase.) The first method to orret the hemial shift misregistration effet onsists of orienting the long axis of the opti nerve parallel to the diretion of the frequeny enoding gradient. The seond method involves obtaining "water" and "lipid" images using the method of Dixon et al. [1-3] and then ombining these images via a omputer program [4]. Reeived pril 24, 1985; aepted after revision September 10, Presented at the annual meeting of the merian Soiety of Neuroradiology, New Orleans, February 1985., Department of Radiology, Medial College of Wisonsin, Froedtert Memorial Lutheran Hospital, 9200 W. Wisonsin ve., Milwaukee, WI ddress reprint requests to D. L. Daniels. 2 General Eletri Medial Systems, Milwaukee, WI General Eletri Corporate Researh and Development Center, Shenetady, NY JNR 7: , Marh/pril /86/ merian Soiety of Neuroradiology Materials and Methods MR studies were performed with a GE 1.5 T researh MR system using loal oils to reeive the MR signal and a body oil to transmit the radiofrequeny (RF) waves. Loal oils were either irular (about 13 m diameter) or visor-shaped. Tehnial fators inluded a 14 m field of view (FOV), 3 or 5 mm slie thikness, two or four exitations, 128 x 256 or 256 x 256 matries, short ( mse) and long (2000 mse) repetition times (TRs), eho time (TE) values varying from 20 to 100 mse, and onventional and modified spin-eho (SE) pulse sequenes. In the onventional SE tehnique, water (W) and fat (F) omponents are parallel, that is, W + F. Dixon's method involves the use of a modified SE sequene in whih the eho formed by the pulse is offset in time from the eho formed by the frequeny enoding gradient [1-3]. (The offset for the pulse is equal to 114M, where t.f is the frequeny shift in Hertz. In this system, the frequeny shift equals 227 H, whih gives an offset of 1.1 mse.) This results in a magnetization vetor in whih water and fat omponents are antiparallel, that is,
2 250 DNIELS ET L. JNR :7, Marh/pril 1986 W - F. Via a omputer program, W - F was added to and subtrated from W + F to give water and fat images, respetively. The fat image was then spatially shifted by an amount equal to the hemial shift and then added to the water image to obtain a ompensated image 14]. (The bandwidth for these studies was 32 kh. For a matrix with 256 pixels along the frequeny enoding diretion, the frequeny hange per pixel is 32,000/256 = 125 H/pixel. The hemial shift of 227 H then orresponds to 1.8 pixels, whih equals 1.1 mm for a 16 m FOV.) The phantom onsisted of two glass tubes (internal diameter of 4 mm) ontaining M CUS04 that were fixed in a V onfiguration (to simulate the opti nerves) within a plasti ontainer of vegetable oil. On a loal oil, the phantom was studied upright (with onventional and modified SE sequenes) and turned obliquely so that one glass tube was parallel to the table top (with a onventional SE sequene) (figs. 1-4). s with the phantom, six normal volunteers were studied supine or turned obliquely so that the opti nerve of interest was nearly parallel to the top of the sanner table [5] (figs. 5-8). Loal oils were positioned on a brae to be as lose as possible to the eyes of the volunteers when supine, or positioned on the table top when the volunteers were plaed in the oblique position. l so studied in the oblique position was a patient with an opti nerve glioma [6] (fig. 9). Results Fig. 1.- Phantom onsisting of vegetable oil and glass tubes that simulate opti nerves and ontain opper sulfate solution. Eah tube in phantom has margins obsured by artifatual blak (single arrows) and white (double arrows) bands that represent hemial shift misregistration effet in diretion of frequeny enoding gradient. (SE 800/20, 128 x 256 matrix, 5 mm slie thikness.) With the frequeny enoding gradient along the horizontal axis, MR images of the phantom demonstrate the hemial shift misregistration effet as a blak band on one side of eah tube and a white band not as well seen on the other side (fig. 1). The effet is independent of TE and TR (fig. 2). y repositioning the phantom suh that one tube is parallel to the frequeny enoding gradient, the artifatual blak band does not obsure the margins of the tube (fig. 3). The artifat still appears by the tube, whih is obliquely oriented with respet to the frequeny enoding gradient. The hemial shift effet by the phantom also an be orreted by using Dixon's tehnique and a omputer program to exatly superimpose fat and water images [1-4]. The walls of the glass tubes are more learly shown in the resulting ompensated image (fig. 4). On MR images of the orbit when the patient is supine on the sanner table, the hemial shift effet appears as blak bands on the same side of the opti nerves and retus musles (fig. 5). White bands on the other side are more diffiult to see as ompared with the high signal intensity of o Fig. 2.-rtifatual blak bands (arrows) are at same side of eah tube when imaged with long TR (2000 mse) and TE values of 25 (), 50 (), 75 (C), and 100 (0 ) mse. (128 x 256 matrix, 5 mm slie thikness.)
3 JNR :7, Marh/pril1986 MRI OF OPTIC NERVE ND SHETH 251 fat. The reason that the blak band is on one side of strutures in figures 1-4 and on the other side in figure 5 is that the gradients were in the opposite diretion when the latter image was obtained. On axial MR images in whih an opti nerve is nearly parallel to the frequeny enoding gradient or in whih a omputergenerated ompensated image is obtained, symmetri low- intensity bands on both sides of the nerve probably represent subarahnoid erebrospinal fluid (CSF) and opti nerve sheath (figs. 6 and 7). These bands appear prominent in an example of an opti nerve glioma (fig. 9). On oronal omputer-generated ompensated images, low-intensity rings surrounding the opti nerves probably represent CSF and sheath (fig. 8). Disussion Fig. 3.-With phantom repositioned, artifatual blak band (white arrows ) obsures margin of tube obliquely oriented with respet to frequeny enoding gradient but not margins (blak arrows) of tube parallel to gradient. (SE , 128 x 256 matrix, 5 mm slie thikness.) Fat and water protons, due to their different hemial environments, have different resonant frequenies, a phenomenon known as hemial shift. The hemial shift effet is the basis for MR spetrosopy. In MR imaging the resonant frequeny in the presene of a gradient gives positional information in the diretion of the frequeny enoding gradient. The hemial shift in frequeny is interpreted by the omputer as a hange in position that results in artifatual blak and white bands by the edges of orbital soft-tissue strutures in the diretion of the frequeny enoding gradient. The hemial shift misregistration effet also is observed elsewhere in the body (e.g., the juntion of perirenal fat and renal parenhyma) [7]. To orret the hemial shift effet, a omputer-generated ompensated image an be used. With this tehnique, the aquisition of fat and water images doubles the sanning time. However, the ompensated image has twie the signal to noise ratio of either the fat or H 2 0 images. n alternative method is to position the head so that the opti nerve of interest is parallel to the frequeny enoding gradient. The limitation of this method is that omparison of the opti nerves would be diffiult. Tehnial modifiations that diminish the hemial shift artifat should improve demonstration of the opti nerves with MR. On orreted images, low-intensity bands deteted on eah side of normal opti nerves an be interpreted onfidently as a ombination of CSF and opti nerve sheath (figs. Fig. 4.-Walls (arrows) of glass tubes are more learly shown in omputer-ompensated image (C) than in lipid () and water () images of phantom. ( and : SE 800/20, 128 x 256 matri x, 5 mm slie thikness.)
4 252 DNIELS ET L JNR :7, Marh/pril 1986 Fig. 5.-rtifatual blak band (arrows) appears on same side of opti nerve and medial retus musle, whih have their long axes nearly perpendiular to frequeny enoding gradient. (SE 400/ 20, 256 x 256 matrix, 3 mm slie thikness.) (Reprinted from [5).) 5 6 Fig. 6.-MR image of volunteer positioned suh that opti nerve is almost parallel to top of sanner table. Low-intensity bands (arrows) on both sides of nerve probably represent CSF and opti nerve sheath. (SE 800/20, 128 x 256 matrix, 3 mm slie thikness.) (Image ourtesy of my Sue iller, Milwaukee.) Fig. 7.-Edge of right opti nerve is obsured by hemial shift misregistration effet in unompensated axial image () but to lesser degree in omputergenerated ompensated image (, arrows), obtained by exatly superimposing o lipid (e) and water (0) images. High-intensity signals are produed by orbital fat in e, by orbital soft tissue strutures in O. (, e, and 0: SE 400/20, 128 x 256 matrix, 3 mm slie thikness.) 6 and 7). The prominent dark bands on either side of the opti nerve glioma on a orreted image most likely represent an enlarged opti nerve sheath spae or alternatively a thikened nerve sheath, but not hemial shift artifat. In an evaluation of MR in opti nerve or sheath tumors, a greater sensitivity and speifiity an be expeted if the hemial shift artifat is eliminated. CKNOWLEDGMENT We thank Gary Glover, General Eletri Co., Medial Systems Group, for help in performing this study. REFERENCES 1. Dixon WT. Simple proton spetrosopi imaging. Radiology 1984;153: Lee JKT, Dixon WT, Ling D, Levitt RG, Murphy W Jr. Fatty infiltration of the liver: demonstration by proton spetrosopi imaging. Radiology 1984;153: Dixon WT. Proton spetrosopi imaging at 0.35 T. In: Sientifi program of the third annual meeting of the Soiety of Magneti Resonane in Mediine. erkeley, C: Soiety of Magneti Resonane in Mediine, 1984:
5 JNR :7, Marh/pril 1986 MRI OF OPTIC NERVE ND SHETH 253 Fig. 8.-, Coronal unompensated image. Opti nerve sheaths are not easily resolved. S, Computer-ompensated image obtained by superimposing lipid (C) and water (O) images. Low-intensity rings (arrows) probably represent D CSF and nerve sheaths surrounding opti nerves. (, C, and 0: SE 400/20, 256 x 256 matrix, 5 mm slie thikness.) Fig year-old girl with left-sided opti nerve glioma., xial MR image. Dark band (arrow) by enlarged left opti nerve probably represents hemial shift effet. S, Loal oil image with patient repositioned suh that abnormal nerve is parallel to X axis. Glioma appears as thikened nerve. Prominent low-intensity bands (arrows) onsistent with CSF and nerve sheath are adjaent to tumor. ( reprinted from [6); S: 300/20, 256 x 256 matrix, 3 mm slie thikness.) 4. Wehrli FW. MagnetiC resonane tomorrow-issues and hallenges. Milwaukee: General Eletri Medial Systems Group, Shenk JF. The surfae oil approah. Milwaukee: General Eletri Medial Systems Group, Daniels DL, Herfkins RH, Gager WE, et al. Magneti resonane imaging of the opti nerves and hiasm. Radiology 1984;152 : Soila KP, Viamonte M Jr, Starewiz PM. Chemial shift misregistration effet in magneti imaging. Radiology 1984;153:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Cavernous Sinus
187 Magneti Resonane Imaging of the Cavernous Sinus David L. Daniels 1 Peter Peh Leighton Mark Kathleen Pojunas lan L. Williams Vitor M. Haughton The magneti resonane (MR) appearane of the avernous sinus
More informationMR of the Diaphragma Sellae
765 MR of the Diaphragma Sellae David L. Daniels 1 Kathleen W. Pojunas 1 David P. Kilgore 1 Peter Peh 2 Glenn. Meyer lan L. Williams 1 Vitor M. Haughton 1 The appearane of the diaphragma sellae is desribed
More informationSTIR MR Imaging of the Orbit
969 STIR MR Imaging of the Orbit Sott W. tlas 1 Robert I. Grossman David. Hakney Herbert I. Goldberg Larissa T. ilaniuk Robert. Zimmerman Fifteen patients with CT-doumented orbital lesions were evaluated
More informationCT of Acquired Hyperopia with Choroidal Folds
11 07 CT of quired Hyperopia with Choroidal Folds Gary K. Stima 1 Rihard P. Mills2 Roger. Dailey3 W. Thomas Shults 4 Robert E. Kalina 2 Seven patients with an opthalmologi diagnosis of aquired hyperopia
More informationNormal Venous Anatomy of the Brain: Demonstration with Gadopentetate
1107 Normal Venous Anatomy of the Brain: emonstration with Gadopentetate imeglumine in Enhaned 3- MR Angiography onald W. Chakeres 1 Petra Shmalbrok 2 Martha Brogan 1 Chun Yuan 2 Lane Cohen 1 This investigation
More informationMagnetic Resonance Imaging: Serial Observations in
495 Magneti Resonane Imaging: Serial Observations in Multiple Slerosis M.. Johnson' D.K.. U 2 D. J. ryane J.. Payne 3 Three patients with four or more follow-up magneti resonane imaging (MRI) examinations
More informationThe role of dynamic subtraction MRI in detection of hepatocellular carcinoma
Diagn Interv Radiol 2008; 14:200 204 Turkish Soiety of Radiology 2008 ABDOMINAL IMAGING ORIGINAL ARTICLE The role of dynami subtration MRI in detetion of hepatoellular arinoma Mustafa Seçil, Funda Obuz,
More informationMR of Craniopharyngiomas:
439 MR of Craniopharyngiomas: Tumor Delineation and Charaterization Elizabeth Pusey' Keith E. Kortman 2 onnie D. Flannigan, 3 Jay Tsuruda 2 William G. radley2 MR imaging and CT (with and without ontrast
More informationSequence Analysis using Logic Regression
Geneti Epidemiology (Suppl ): S66 S6 (00) Sequene Analysis using Logi Regression Charles Kooperberg Ingo Ruzinski, Mihael L. LeBlan, and Li Hsu Division of Publi Health Sienes, Fred Huthinson Caner Researh
More informationComparison of MR Imaging, CT, and Angiography in the Evaluation of the Enlarged Cavernous Sinus
907 Comparison of MR Imaging, CT, and ngiography in the Evaluation of the Enlarged Cavernous Sinus William L. Hirsh, Jr.' Frank G. Hryshko' Laligam N. Sekhar2 James runberg' Emanuel Kanal' Rihard E. Lathaw'
More informationOlfactory Neuroblastoma: MR Evaluation
Olfatory Neuroblastoma: MR Evaluation Cheng Li,I.2.3 David M. Yousem,I.2.3 Rihard E. Hayden,2 and Rihard L. Dotyl.2 PURPOSE: To evaluate MR in the diagnosis and staging of olfatory neuroblastoma. METHODS:
More informationLarge Virchow-Robin Spaces:
929 Large Virhow-Robin Spaes: MR-Ciinial Correlation Linda A. Heier 1 Cristel J. Bauer 1 Larry Shwartz 1 Robert D. Zimmerman 1 Susan Morgello 2 Mihael D. F. Dek 1 High-field MR sans frequently show Virhow-Robin
More informationOverview. On the computational aspects of sign language recognition. What is ASL recognition? What makes it hard? Christian Vogler
On the omputational aspets of sign language reognition Christian Vogler Overview Problem statement Basi probabilisti framework Reognition of multiple hannels Reognition features Disussion Gallaudet Researh
More informationPARKINSON S DISEASE: MODELING THE TREMOR AND OPTIMIZING THE TREATMENT. Keywords: Medical, Optimization, Modelling, Oscillation, Noise characteristics.
PARKINSON S DISEASE: MODELING THE TREMOR AND OPTIMIZING THE TREATMENT Mohammad Haeri, Yashar Sarbaz and Shahriar Gharibzadeh Advaned Control System Lab, Eletrial Engineering Department, Sharif University
More informationDetection and Classification of Brain Tumor in MRI Images
PrahiGadpayle and Prof.P.S.Mahajani 45 Detetion and Classifiation of Brain Tumor in MRI Images PrahiGadpayleand Prof.P.S.Mahajani Abstrat Brain tumor detetion in Magneti Resonane Imaging (MRI) is important
More informationSystematic Review of Trends in Fish Tissue Mercury Concentrations
Systemati Review of Trends in Fish Tissue Merury Conentrations Tom Grieb 1, Roxanne Karimi 2, Niholas Fisher 2, Leonard Levin 3 (1) Tetra Teh, In., Lafayette, CA, USA; (2) State University of New York,
More informationIMAGING IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
See end of artile for authors affiliations Correspondene to: Professor David H Miller, NMR Researh Unit, Department of Neuroinflammation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square,
More informationNew Perspectives in Computed Tomography of Multiple Sclerosis
277 New Perspetives in Computed Tomography of Multiple Slerosis F. V. Vii'iuela 1. J. Fox 1 G. M. Debrun 1. 2 T. E. Feasby 3 G. C. Ebers 3 prospetive linial study was performed in 70 onseutive patients
More informationMark J Monaghan. Imaging techniques ROLE OF REAL TIME 3D ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN EVALUATING THE LEFT VENTRICLE TIME 3D ECHO TECHNOLOGY
Take the online multiple hoie questions assoiated with this artile (see page 130) Correspondene to: Dr Mark J Monaghan, Department of Cardiology, King s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS,
More informationUtilizing Bio-Mechanical Characteristics For User-Independent Gesture Recognition
Utilizing Bio-Mehanial Charateristis For User-Independent Gesture Reognition Farid Parvini, Cyrus Shahabi Computer Siene Department University of Southern California Los Angeles, California 90089-0781
More informationRECENT ADVANCES IN CLINICAL MR OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
In Practice RECENT ADVANCES IN CLINICAL MR OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE By Atsuya Watanabe, MD, PhD, Director, Advanced Diagnostic Imaging Center and Associate Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Teikyo
More informationHigh Resolution CT with Image Reformation in Maxillofacial Pathology
3 1 High Resolution CT with Image Reformation in Maxillofaial Pathology Mihael N. rant-zawadzki1 Hideyo Minagi 1 Mihael P. Federle 1 Lee D. Rowe 2 Twenty-four patients with maxillofaial pathology were
More informationRate of processing and judgment of response speed: Comparing the effects of alcohol and practice
Pereption & Psyhophysis 1989, 45 (4), 431-438 Rate of proessing and judgment of response speed: Comparing the effets of alohol and pratie E. A. MAYLOR, P. M. A. RABBITT, and S. A. V. CONNOLLY University
More informationOpening and Closing Transitions for BK Channels Often Occur in Two
72 Biophysial Journal Volume 65 August 1993 72-714 Opening and Closing Transitions for BK Channels Often Our in Two Steps via Sojourns through a Brief ifetime Subondutane State William B. Ferguson, Owen
More informationA HEART CELL GROUP MODEL FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA
A HEART CELL GROUP MODEL FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA Mohamed A. Mneimneh, Miheal T. Johnson and Rihard J. Povinelli Eletrial and Computer Engineering, Marquette University, 55 Wisonsin
More informationThe Cervical Nerves and Foramina: Local-Coil MR Imaging
129 The Cervical Nerves and Foramina: Local-Coil MR Imaging David L. Daniels 1 James S. Hyde J. ruce Kneeland. Jesmanowicz W. Froncisz Thomas M. Grist Peter Pech lan L. Williams Victor M. Haughton detailed
More informationSupplementary Figure 1. Implants derived from human embryoid body preparations contain non-cardiac structures. In early studies, infarcted hearts
a Supplementary Figure 1. Implants derived from human emryoid ody preparations ontain non-ardia strutures. In early studies, infarted hearts reeived ell preparations of low ardia purity (
More informationWhat causes the spacing effect? Some effects ofrepetition, duration, and spacing on memory for pictures
Memory & Cognition 1975, Vol. 3 (3), 287 294 What auses the spaing effet? Some effets ofrepetition, duration, and spaing on memory for pitures DOUGLAS 1. HNTZMAN, JEFFERY J. SUMMERS, and RCHARD A. BLOCK
More informationclinical conditions using a tape recorder system
Thorax (1964), 19, 125 Objetive assessment of ough suppressants under linial onditions using a tape reorder system C. R. WOOLF AND A. ROSENBERG From the Respiratory Unit, Sunnybrook Hospital (Department
More informationUltrasound of the Neonatal Craniocervical Junction
449 Ultrasound of the Neonatal Cranioervial Juntion envon C. Cramer 1 Sigrid Jequier2 ugustin M. O'Gorman2 To determine the value of ultrasound sanning of the ranioervial juntion in neonates via a posterior
More informationReading a Textbook Chapter
HENR.546x.APPBpp001-013 7/21/04 9:37 AM Page 1 APPENDIX B Reading a Textbook Chapter Copyright 2005 Pearson Eduation, In. 1 2 Read the following hapter from the ollege textbook Total Fitness: Exerise,
More informationMonday 16 May 2016 Afternoon time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes
Oxford Cambridge and RS S Level Psyhology H167/01 Researh methods Monday 16 May 2016 fternoon time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes * 6 4 0 4 5 2 5 3 9 3 * You must have: a alulator * H 1 6 7 0 1 * First name
More informationHigh Field MR of the Spine
Department of Radiology University of California San Diego 3T for MR Applications Advantages High Field MR of the Spine Increased signal-to-noise Better fat suppression Increased enhancement with gadolinium
More informationMR Advance Techniques. Vascular Imaging. Class II
MR Advance Techniques Vascular Imaging Class II 1 Vascular Imaging There are several methods that can be used to evaluate the cardiovascular systems with the use of MRI. MRI will aloud to evaluate morphology
More informationBasics of MRI Part I
Basics of MRI Part I Mathew J. Dixon, D.O. Chairman Department of Radiology Memorial Health University Medical Center Savannah, GA Objectives Brief History Concept of MRI Creation of a Magnetic Field Concepts
More informationMagnetic Resonance Angiography
Magnetic Resonance Angiography 1 Magnetic Resonance Angiography exploits flow enhancement of GR sequences saturation of venous flow allows arterial visualization saturation of arterial flow allows venous
More informationAdhesive capsulitis of the shoulder joint is a
dhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder Joint: Usefulness of Dynami Sonography Kyung Nam Ryu, MD, Sun Wha Lee, MD, Yong Girl Rhee, MD, Jae Hoon Lim, MD We studied the value of dynami sonography in adhesive
More informationLung function studies before and after a work shift
British J6urnal ofindustrial Mediine 1983;40:153-159 Lung funtion studies before and after a work shift R G LOVE From the Institute of Oupational Mediine, Edinburgh EH8 9SU, UK ABSTRAT The lung funtion
More informationMeasurement of Dose Rate Dependence of Radiation Induced Damage to the Current Gain in Bipolar Transistors 1
Measurement of Dose Rate Dependene of Radiation Indued Damage to the Current Gain in Bipolar Transistors 1 D. Dorfan, T. Dubbs, A. A. Grillo, W. Rowe, H. F.-W. Sadrozinski, A. Seiden, E. Spener, S. Stromberg,
More informationCase Report Duplication Cyst in the Third Part of the Duodenum Presenting with Gastric Outlet Obstruction and Severe Weight Loss
Case Reports in Surgery Volume 015, Artile ID 749085, 4 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/015/749085 Case Report Dupliation Cyst in the Third Part of the Duodenum Presenting with Gastri Outlet Obstrution
More informationi Y I I Analysis of Breakdown Voltage and On Resistance of Super-junction Power MOSFET CoolMOSTM Using Theory of Novel Voltage Sustaining Layer
Analysis of Breakdown Voltage and On Resistane of Super-juntion Power MOSFET CoolMOSTM Using Theory of Novel Voltage Sustaining Layer P. N. Kondekar, Student Member ZEEE, C.D. Parikh, Member ZEEE and M.
More informationAmerican Orthodontics Exhibit 1001 Page 1 of 6. US 6,276,930 Bl Aug. 21,2001 /IIIII
(12) United States Patent Pozzi /IIIII 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 US006276930Bl (10) Patent No.: (45) Date of Patent: US 6,276,930 Bl Aug. 21,2001 (54) ORTHODONTIC AID
More informationHigh-Sensitivity Coil Array for Head and Neck Imaging: Technical Note
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22:1881 1886, November/December 2001 Technical Note High-Sensitivity Coil Array for Head and Neck Imaging: Technical Note Roland G. Henry, Nancy J. Fischbein, William P. Dillon, Daniel
More informationPRESENCE OF A GASTRIC MOTOR-STIMULATING PROPERTY IN DUODENAL EXTRACTS
GASTRONTROLOGY opyright 1967 by The Williams & Wilkins o. Vol. 52, No.2, Pat 1 Printed in U.S.A. PRSN OF A GASTR MOTOR-STMULATNG PROPRTY N DUODNAL XTRATS JOHN. BROWN, PH.D. Department of Physiology, University
More informationACR MRI Accreditation: Medical Physicist Role in the Application Process
ACR MRI Accreditation: Medical Physicist Role in the Application Process Donna M. Reeve, MS, DABR, DABMP Department of Imaging Physics University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Educational Objectives
More informationAssessment of Adipose Tissue from Whole Body 3T MRI Scans
Assessment of Adipose Tissue from Whole Body 3T MRI Scans Ting Song 1, Jing An 2, Qun Chen 2, Vivian Lee 2, Andrew Laine 1 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
More informationcholerae Non-Ol and Comparison with a Protease of V. cholerae 01
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, Sept. 1989, p. 2799-283 Vol. 57, No. 9 19-9567/89/92799-4$2./ Copyright C) 1989, Amerian Soiety for Mirobiology Purifiation and Charaterization of a Protease Produed by Vibrio holerae
More informationCover Page. The handle holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation.
Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/35124 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Wokke, Beatrijs Henriette Aleid Title: Muscle MRI in Duchenne and Becker muscular
More informationMonte Carlo dynamics study of motions in &s-unsaturated hydrocarbon chains
Monte Carlo dynamis study of motions in &s-unsaturated hydroarbon hains Y. K. Levine Department of Moleular Biophysis, Buys Ballot Laboratory, The Netherlands University of Utreht, 3508 TA Utreht, A. Kolinski
More informationThe mandibular condyle fracture is a common mandibular
ORIGINAL RESEARCH P. Wang J. Yang Q. Yu MR Imaging Assessment of Temporomandibular Joint Soft Tissue Injuries in Dislocated and Nondislocated Mandibular Condylar Fractures BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Evaluation
More informationThe Development and Validation of a Finite Element Model of a Canine Rib For Use With a Bone Remodeling Algorithm.
The Development and Validation of a Finite Element Model of a Canine Rib For Use With a Bone Remodeling Algorithm. A Thesis Presented to the Faulty of the College of Engineering California Polytehni State
More informationCoherent oscillations as a neural code in a model of the olfactory system
Coherent osillations as a neural ode in a model of the olfatory system A. Gutierrez-Galvez and R. Gutierrez-Osuna, Member, IEEE Department of Computer Siene Texas A&M University College Station, TX 77843-3
More informationEssentials of Clinical MR, 2 nd edition. 99. MRA Principles and Carotid MRA
99. MRA Principles and Carotid MRA As described in Chapter 12, time of flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is commonly utilized in the evaluation of the circle of Willis. TOF MRA allows depiction
More informationAbnormality Detection for Gas Insulated Switchgear using Self-Organizing Neural Networks
Abnormality Detetion for Gas Insulated Swithgear using Self-Organizing Neural Networks Hiromi OGI, Hideo TANAKA, Yoshiakira AKIM OTO Yoshio IZUI Tokyo Eletri Power Company Computer & Communiation Researh
More informationRegulation of spike timing in visual cortical circuits
Regulation of spike timing in visual ortial iruits Paul Tiesinga*, Jean-Mar Fellous and Terrene J. Sejnowski Abstrat A train of ation potentials (a spike train) an arry information in both the average
More informationNoninvasive monitoring of local drug release in a rabbit radiofrequency (RF) ablation model using X-ray computed tomography
Journal of Controlled Release 83 (2002) 415 425 www.elsevier.om/ loate/ jonrel Noninvasive monitoring of loal drug release in a rabbit radiofrequeny (RF) ablation model using X-ray omputed tomography a
More informationACR MRI Accreditation Program. ACR MRI Accreditation Program Update. Educational Objectives. ACR accreditation. History. New Modular Program
ACR MRI Accreditation Program Update Donna M. Reeve, MS, DABR, DABMP Department of Imaging Physics University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Educational Objectives Present requirements of the new
More informationEstimation of Glomerular Podocyte Number: A Selection of Valid Methods
Estimation of Glomerular Podoyte Number: A Seletion of Valid Methods Kevin V. Lemley,* John F. Bertram, Susanne B. Niholas, and Kathryn White *Division of Nephrology, Children s Hospital Los Angeles, Los
More informationLumbar radiographs in anteroposterior (AP), lateral, and oblique
Diagn Interv Radiol 200; 15:1 1 Turkish Soiety of Radiology 200 MUSCULOSKELETAL IMAGING ORIGINAL ARTICLE Postoperative lumar spine: modified radiographi projetions for detetion of one defets in adavers
More informationmouths before diffusional equilibration can occur at the
PRSYNAPTI ALIUM DIFFUSION FROM VARIOUS ARRAYS OF SINGL HANNLS Impliations for Transmitter Release and Synapti Failitation AARON L. FOGLSON AND ROBRT S. ZUKR Departments ofmathematis and Physiology-Anatomy,
More informationIncremental Diagnosis of DES with a Non-Exhaustive Diagnosis Engine
Inremental Diagnosis of DES with a Non-Exhaustive Diagnosis Engine Alban Grastien Anbulagan NICTA and The Australian National University (ANU), Canberra, Australia {alban.grastien anbulagan}@nita.om.au
More informationEXCRETION RATE ON PLASMA NICOTINE DURING
Br. J. lin. Pharma. (1978), 5, 293-297 EFFECT OF URINARYpH AND NICOTINE EXCRETION RATE ON PLASMA NICOTINE DURING CIGARETTE SMOKING AND CHEWING NICOTINE GUM C. FEYERABEND & 1M.A.H. RUSSELL Poisons Unit,
More informationDepartment of Virology, Wellcome Research Laboratories, Langley Court, Beckenham, Kent BR3 3BS, U.K. and heterologous virus challenge.
Journal of General Virology (1992), 73, 727-731. Printed in Great Britain 727 Comparison between in vitro neutralization titres and in vivo protetion against homologous and heterologous hallenge indued
More informationRADIATION DOSIMETRY INTRODUCTION NEW MODALITIES
RADIATION DOSIMETRY M. Ragheb 1/17/2006 INTRODUCTION Radiation dosimetry depends on the aumulated knowledge in nulear siene in general and in nulear and radio hemistry in partiular. The latter is onerned
More informationBRAIN TUMOURS: INCIDENCE, SURVIVAL, AND AETIOLOGY
ii12 Correspondene to: Dr Patriia A MKinney, Paediatri Epidemiology Group, Unit of Epidemiology and Health Servies Researh, University of Leeds, 32 Hyde Terrae, Leeds LS2 9LN, UK; p.a.mkinney@leeds.a.uk
More informationChannel Modeling Based on Interference Temperature in Underlay Cognitive Wireless Networks
Channel Modeling Based on Interferene emperature in Underlay Cognitive Wireless Networks Manuj Sharma # *, Anirudha Sahoo #2, K. D. Nayak * # Dept. of Computer Siene & Engineering Indian Institute of ehnology
More informationThe comparison of psychological evaluation between military aircraft noise and civil aircraft noise
The omparison of psyhologial evaluation between military airraft noise and ivil airraft noise Makoto MORINAGA ; Ippei YAMAMOTO ; Hidebumi TSUKIOKA ; Koihi MAKINO 2, Sonoko KUWANO 3, Mitsuo MATSUMOTO 4
More informationSensitivity and Specificity in Detection of Labral Tears with 3.0-T MRI of the Shoulder
Magee and Williams MRI for Detection of Labral Tears Musculoskeletal Imaging Clinical Observations C M E D E N T U R I C L I M G I N G JR 2006; 187:1448 1452 0361 803X/06/1876 1448 merican Roentgen Ray
More informationA NEW ROBOT-BASED SETUP FOR EXPLORING THE STIFFNESS OF ANATOMICAL JOINT STRUCTURES. [Frey, Burgkart,
A NEW ROBO-BASED SEUP FOR EXPLORING HE SIFFNESS OF ANAOMICAL JOIN SRUCURES Martin Frey 1, Rainer Burgkart 2, Feli Regenfelder 2, and Robert Riener 1 1 Institute of Automati Control Engineering, ehnishe
More informationHistometry of lymphoid infiltrate in the thyroid of primary thyrotoxicosis patients
J. /in. Path., 1976, 29, 398*402 Histometry of lymphoid infiltrate in the thyroid of primary thyrotoxiosis patients Relation of extent of thyroiditis to preoperative drug treatment and postoperative hypothyroidism
More informationAn Empirical Investigation on Fine-Grained Syndrome Segmentation in TCM by Learning a CRF from a Noisy Labeled Data
An Empirial Investigation on Fine-Grained Syndrome Segmentation in TCM by Learning a CRF from a Noisy Labeled Data Yaqiang Wang, Dan Tang, and Hongping Shu College of Software Engineering, Chengdu University
More informationThe magic angle phenomenon in tendons: effect of varying the MR echo time
T he British Journal of Radiology, 7 (998), 3 36 998 The British Institute of Radiology The magic angle phenomenon in tendons: effect of varying the MR echo time W C G PEH, FRCR and J H M CHAN, MSc Department
More informationFat Suppression in the Abdomen
Clinical How I do it? Fat Suppression in the Abdomen Wilhelm Horger Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany Introduction Due to the different chemical environment, hydrogen nuclei in - and in -tissue
More informationTissue-engineered medical products Evaluation of anisotropic structure of articular cartilage using DT (Diffusion Tensor)-MR Imaging
Provläsningsexemplar / Preview TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 16379 First edition 2014-03-01 Tissue-engineered medical products Evaluation of anisotropic structure of articular cartilage using DT (Diffusion Tensor)-MR
More informationAn Intelligent Decision Support System for the Treatment of Patients Receiving Ventricular Assist Device Support
Original Artiles 1 An Intelligent Deision Support System for the Treatment of Patients Reeiving Ventriular Assist Devie Support E. C. Karvounis 1,2 ; M. G. Tsipouras 1,2 ; A. T. Tzallas 1,2 ; N. S. Katertsidis
More informationThe effects of question order and response-choice on self-rated health status in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA)
The effets of question order and response-hoie on self-rated health status in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) A Bowling, J Windsor Theory and methods Department of Primary Care and Population
More informationMark J Earley, Richard J Schilling
266 Eletrophysiology CATHETER AND SURGICAL ABLATION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION Take the online multiple hoie questions assoiated with this artile (see page 274) PAROXYSMAL, See end of artile for authors affiliations
More informationEffects of training to implement new working methods to reduce knee strain in floor layers. A twoyear
Department of Oupational Mediine, Region Hospital Skive, Denmark Correspondene to: Dr L K Jensen, Department of Oupational Mediine, Region Hospital Skive, Resenvej 25, DK- 7800 Skive, Denmark; lilli.kirkeskov.jensen@
More informationEFFECT OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF PRESERVATION ON THE QUALITY OF CATTLE AND GOAT MEAT. Abstract
Bang. J. Anim. Si. 2009, 38(1&2) : 86 91 ISSN 0003-3588 EFFECT OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF PRESERVATION ON THE QUALITY OF CATTLE AND GOAT MEAT S. Bin. Faisal, S. Akhter 1 and M. M. Hossain Abstrat The study
More informationLiver Fat Quantification
Liver Fat Quantification Jie Deng, PhD, DABMP Department of Medical Imaging May 18 th, 2017 Disclosure Research agreement with Siemens Medical Solutions 2 Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases
More informationEffects of Hemodialysis and of Glucose-Insulin Administration on Plasma Potassium and on the Electrocardiogram
ffets of Hemodialysis and of Gluose-Insulin Administration on Plasma Potassium and on the letroardiogram By Borys Surawiz, M.D., Arthur S. Kunin, M.D., and than A. H. Sims, M.D. With the tehnial assistane
More informationThe burden of smoking-related ill health in the United Kingdom
The burden of smoking-related ill health in the United Kingdom S Allender, R Balakrishnan, P Sarborough, P Webster, M Rayner Researh paper Department of Publi Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Correspondene
More informationNon-contact ACL injuries in female athletes: an International Olympic Committee current concepts statement
1 IOC Medial Commission and Karolinska Institutet, Stokholm, Sweden; 2 IOC Medial Commission, Lausanne, Switzerland; 3 Department of Orthopedis, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA; 4 University of
More informationInterrelationships of Chloride, Bicarbonate, Sodium, and Hydrogen Transport in the Human Ileum
Interrelationships of Chloride, Biarbonate, Sodium, and Hydrogen Transport in the Human Ileum LEsLE A. TURNBERG, FREDERICK A. BIEBERDORF, STEPHEN G. MORAWSKI, and JOHN S. FORDTRAN From the Department of
More informationThe liver is an organ in which various benign or malignant primary
Diagn Interv Radiol 2007; 13:81-86 Turkish Soiety of Radiology 2007 ABDOMINAL IMAGING ORIGINAL ARTICLE Contriution of diffusion-weighted MRI to the differential diagnosis of hepati masses Özgün İlhan Demir,
More informationHigh Signal Intensity of the Infundibular Stalk on Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery MR
High Signal Intensity of the Infundibular Stalk on Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery MR Yutaka Araki, Ryuichirou Ashikaga, Satoru Takahashi, Jun Ueda, and Osamu Ishida PURPOSE: To determine the MR imaging
More informationIs posture related craniospinal compliance shift caused by jugular vein collapse? A theoretical analysis
DOI 10.1186/s12987-017-0053-6 Fluids and Barriers of the CNS RESEARCH Open Aess Is posture related raniospinal ompliane shift aused by jugular vein ollapse? A theoretial analysis Manuel Gehlen 1,2*, Vartan
More informationMagnetic resonance imaging of femoral head development in roentgenographically normal patients
Skeletal Radiol (1985) 14:159-163 Skeletal Radiology Magnetic resonance imaging of femoral head development in roentgenographically normal patients Peter J. Littrup, M.D. 1, Alex M. Aisen, M.D. 2, Ethan
More informationNon Contrast MRA. Mayil Krishnam. Director, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Imaging University of California, Irvine
Non Contrast MRA Mayil Krishnam Director, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Imaging University of California, Irvine No disclosures Non contrast MRA-Why? Limitations of CTA Radiation exposure Iodinated contrast
More informationaffecting conductance
Pro. Nati. Aad. Si. USA Vol. 81, pp. 2929-2933, May 1984 Neurobiology Halothane shortens aetylholine reeptor hannel kinetis without affeting ondutane (general anesthetis/path lamp/myoytes/ell ulture) JAMES
More informationIMAGING OF ACUTE STROKE AND TRANSIENT ISCHAEMIC ATTACK
See end of artile for authors affiliations Correspondene to: Dr Keith Muir, Division of Clinial Neurosienes, University of Glasgow, Institute of Neurologial Sienes, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow G51
More informationCommunity-Based Bayesian Aggregation Models for Crowdsourcing
Community-Based Bayesian Aggregation Models for Crowdsouring Matteo Venanzi University of Southampton mvg@es.soton.a.uk Pushmeet Kohli Mirosoft Researh pkohli@mirosoft.om John Guiver Mirosoft Researh joguiver@mirosoft.om
More informationMETHODS JULIO A. PANZA, MD, ARSHED A. QUYYUMI, MD, JEAN G. DIODATI, MD, TIMOTHY S. CALLAHAN, MS, STEPHEN E. EPSTEIN, MD, FACC
JACC Vol. 17. No.3 Marh 1. 1991 :657-63 657 METHODS Predition of the Frequeny and Duration of Ambulatory Myoardial Ishemia in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease by Determination of the Ishemi
More informationInfraclavicular brachial plexus blocks have been designed
The Supraclavicular Lateral Paravascular Approach for Brachial Plexus Regional Anesthesia: A Simulation Study Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Øivind Klaastad, MD* and Örjan Smedby, Dr Med Sci *Department
More informationMR Imaging of Orbital and Ocular Disease
259 MR Imaging of Orbital and Ocular Disease David F. Sobel 1 William Kelly 1 Bent O. Kjos1 Devron Char 2 Michael Brant-Zawadzki1 David Norman 1 Magnetic resonance (MR) images of 27 patients with ocular
More informationdescribing DNA reassociation* (renaturation/nucleation inhibition/single strand ends)
Pro. Nat. Aad. Si. USA Vol. 73, No. 2, pp. 415-419, February 1976 Biohemistry Studies on nulei aid reassoiation kinetis: Empirial equations desribing DNA reassoiation* (renaturation/nuleation inhibition/single
More informationNERVE CONDUCTION STUDIES: ESSENTIALS AND PITFALLS IN PRACTICE
NERVE CONDUCTION STUDIES: ESSENTIALS AND PITFALLS IN PRACTICE See end of artile for authors affiliations Correspondene to: Dr Arup Mallik, Department of Clinial Neurophysiology, Institute of Neurologial
More informationComputational Saliency Models Cheston Tan, Sharat Chikkerur
Computational Salieny Models Cheston Tan, Sharat Chikkerur {heston,sharat}@mit.edu Outline Salieny 101 Bottom up Salieny Model Itti, Koh and Neibur, A model of salieny-based visual attention for rapid
More informationSupporting information
Supporting information Evolution of Hollow TiO 2 Nanostrutures via the Kirkendall Effet Driven y Cation Exhange with Enhaned Photoeletrohemial Performane Yanhao Yu, 1 Xin Yin, 1 Alexander Kvit, 1,2 Xudong
More informationInternational Journal of Biological & Medical Research
Int J Biol Med Res. 211; 2(4): 1 13 Int J Biol Med Res Volume 2, Issue 4, Ot 211 www.biomedsidiret.om BioMedSiDiret Publiations Contents lists available at BioMedSiDiret Publiations International Journal
More information