15-2: Divisions of the Nervous System. 7 th Grade Life Science

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1 7 th Grade Life Science

2 Purpose Students will be able to: 1. Identify the functions of the nervous system. 2. Describe the structure of a neuron and the kinds of neurons found in the body. 3. Explain how nerve impulses travel from one neuron to another.

3 Divisions of Nervous System Your central nervous system consists of your brain and spinal column. It is the control center of the body.

4 Divisions of Nervous System Your peripheral nervous system consists of all the nerves outside the central nervous system. It is involved in voluntary and involuntary actions.

5 Central Nervous System All information taken in by nerves is brought to the central nervous system. The brain is located in the skull. The spinal chord is the thick column of nerves connecting the brain to most of the nerves in the peripheral system.

6 Peripheral Nervous System Impulses travel from the peripheral NS, to the spinal chord, and then the brain. Your brain responds by sending an impulse back down the spinal chord to the peripheral NS and to motor neurons. Your body then moves.

7 The Brain! The brain has about 100 BILLION neurons all of which are interneurons. Each neuron can receive messages from 10,000 other neurons. They can then send messages out to about 1000 more.

8 The Brain! The largest part of the brain is called the cerebrum. It interprets input from senses, controls movement, and caries out complex mental processes such as learning and remembering.

9 The Brain! There are two halves the right half controls the skeletal muscles on the left side of your body. The left half controls the other side. The left half is usually associated with logic math, language, etc. The right half is associated with creativity and art.

10 The Brain!

11 The Brain! The 2 nd largest part is the cerebellum. It coordinates muscle action and balance. It works with the cerebrum.

12 The Brain! The brain stem, under the other two, controls your body s involuntary actions. They control your breathing and loop control your heartbeat.

13 Spinal Cord Then finally the spinal cord, which links your brain to the peripheral nervous system. It is protected by connective tissue and vertebrae.

14 Peripheral Nervous System The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is a network of nerves that branch out from the central nervous system (CNS). The perform voluntary and involuntary actions.

15 Peripheral Nervous System These nerves act like two lane highways. Sensory nerve axons carry messages to the spinal cord. Motor neurons carry the response back from the spinal cord.

16 Peripheral Nervous System The PNS is divided into two groups. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary actions, ie: picking up a fork. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary actions, ie: diameter of arteries.

17 Reflexes Reflexes are responses that happen automatically like blinking when something comes toward your eye. It happens rapidly, without conscious control, and helps keep you safe.

18 Reflexes

19 Reflexes Touching something sharp, the nerve impulse bypasses the brain, looping back once it gets to the spinal cord. An impulse also goes to the brain, but gets their after you have pulled your hand away.

20 NS Injuries A concussion is when your brain hits the skull bone, bruising the brain. The tissue heals over time, but you may have headaches, confusion, or feel drowsy.

21 NS Injuries Spinal cord injuries happen when the spinal cord is crushed or cut. This happens most often in car crashes. Paralysis occurs, nerves can no longer send messages.

22 Summary The central NS is your brain, brain stem, and spinal cord. The peripheral NS is all the rest. The brain has a cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem. It also has two sides, controlling opposite sides of the body.

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