Atlas of Eyelid and Conjunctival Tumors

Transcription

1 Atlas of Eyelid and Conjunctival Tumors Jerry A. Shields, M.D. Director, Ocular Oncology Service Wills Eye Hospital Professor of Ophthalmology Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Carol L. Shields, M.D. Surgeon, Ocular Oncology Service Wills Eye Hospital Associate Professor of Ophthalmology Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS A Wolters Kluwer Company Philadelphia Baltimore New York London Buenos Aires Hong Kong Sydney Tokyo

2 Foreword xi Lorenz E. Zimmerman Preface > xiii Acknowledgments xv Part 1. Tumors and Pseudotumors of the Eyelids 1. Benign Tumors of the Epidermis 3 Papilloma 4 Seborrheic Keratosis 6 Inverted Follicular Keratosis 8 Pseudocarcinomatous Hyperplasia 10 Keratoacanthoma and Nonspecific Keratosis Premalignant and Malignant Tumors of the Epidermis 17 Actinic Keratosis 18 Miscellaneous Premalignant Lesions of the Epidermis (Radiation Blepharopathy, Xeroderma Pigmentosum, and Sebaceous Nevus) 20 Basal Cell Carcinoma 22 Squamous Cell Carcinoma Sebaceous Gland Tumors 37 Sebaceous Gland Hyperplasia and Adenoma 38 Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma Sweat Gland Tumors 51 Syringoma 52 Eccrine Acrospiroma 54

3 viii Contents Syringocystadenoma Papilliferum 56 Pleomorphic Adenoma (Benign Mixed Tumor) of the Eyelid Sweat Gland Adenocarcinoma Hair Follicle Tumors 63 Trichoepithelioma 64 Trichoadenoma and Trichofolliculoma 66 Trichilemmoma 68 Pilomatrixoma Melanocytic Tumors 75 Melanocytic Nevus 76 Oculodermal Melanocytosis (Nevus of Ota) 82 Lentigo Maligna (Melanotic Freckle of Hutchinson) 84 Cellular Blue Nevus 88 Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Eyelid Neural Tumors 95 Neurofibroma 96 Neurilemoma (Schwannoma) 98 Merkel Cell Carcinoma (Cutaneous Neuroendocrine Carcinoma) Vascular Tumors 105 Congenital Capillary Hemangioma 106 Acquired Capillary Hemangioma (Cherry Hemangioma) 112 Nevus Flammeus 114 Miscellaneous Benign Vascular Tumors.-* 118 Kaposi's Sarcoma 120 Angiosarcoma Lymphoid, Plasmacytic, and Metastatic Tumors 127 Lymphoma 128 Plasmacytoma 132 Metastatic Tumors Histiocytic, Myxoid, and Fibrous Tumors 137 Xanthelasma and Xanthoma 138 Xanthogranuloma 140 Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma with Paraproteinemia 142 Miscellaneous Histiocytic, Myxoid, and Fibrous Tumors Cystic Lesions That Simulate Neoplasms 151 Eccrine Hidrocystoma 152 Apocrine Hidrocystoma 154 Sebaceous Cyst and Epidermal Inclusion Cyst 156 Dermoid Cyst Inflammatory Lesions That Can Simulate Neoplasms 161 Viral Infections Molluscum Contagiosum 162 Granulomatous Disease Chalazion 164 Sarcoidosis, Pseudorheumatoid Nodule, and Wegener's Granulomatosis 166

4 ix Mycotic Infections Blastomycosis, Coccidioidomycosis, and Mucormycosis 168 Bacterial Infections Abscess and Necrotizing Fasciitis Miscellaneous Eyelid Conditions That Can Simulate Neoplasms Amyloidosis 174 Lipoid Proteinosis 176 Miscellaneous Lesions Granular Cell Tumor, Malakoplakia, and Subepidermal Calcified Nodule 178 Phakomatous Choristoma Tumors of the Lacrimal Drainage System 183 Squamous Tumors of the Lacrimal Drainage System 184 Malignant Melanoma of the Lacrimal Sac 186 Miscellaneous Benign Lesions of the Lacrimal Sac Surgical Management of Eyelid Tumors 191 Surgical Management of Eyelid Tumors 192 Part 2. Tumors and Pseudotumors of the Conjunctiva 16. Choristomas _.^ 199 Dermoid and Dermolipoma 200 Epibulbar Osseous Choristoma 206 Lacrimal Gland and Respiratory Choristomas 208 Complex Choristoma Benign Tumors of the Conjunctival Epithelium 213 Childhood Papilloma (Viral Papilloma) 214 Adulthood Papilloma 216 Pseudocarcinomatous Hyperplasia and Keratoacanthoma 218 Hereditary Benign Intraepithelial Dyskeratosis 220 Dacryoadenoma Premalignant and Malignant Tumors of the Conjunctival Epithelium 225 Keratotic Plaque and Actinic Keratosis 226 Conjunctival Intraepithelial Neoplasia 228 Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Conjunctiva Melanocytic Tumors 243 Nevus 244 Primary Acquired Melanosis 252 Malignant Melanoma Vascular Tumors 267 Pyogenic Granuloma 268 Lymphangiectasia and Lymphangioma 270 Varix, Capillary Hemangioma, and Cavernous Hemangioma Hemangiopericytoma and Kaposi's Sarcoma 274

5 21. Fibrous, Neural, Xanthomatous, and Myxomatous Tumors 277 Neurofibroma 278 Neurilemoma and Granular Cell Tumor 280 Fibrous Histiocytoma 282 Fibroma, Nodular Fasciitis, and Juvenile Xanthogranuloma 284 Myxoma, Lipoma, and Reticulohistiocytoma Lymphoid, Leukemic, and Metastatic Tumors 289 Lymphoid Tumors of the Conjunctiva 290 Leukemia 294 Metastatic Tumors to the Conjunctiva Tumors of the Caruncle 299 Tumors of the Caruncle Lesions That Can Simulate Conjunctival Neoplasms 309 Epithelial Inclusion Cyst 310 Organizing Hematoma ("Hematic Cyst"; "Hematocele") 312 Foreign Bodies Simulating Conjunctival Neoplasms 314 Episcleritis and Scleritis Simulating Neoplasms 316 Ghurg-Strauss Allergic Granulomatosis Simulating Conjunctival Neoplasms 318 Ligneous Conjunctivitis 320 Miscellaneous Infectious Lesions That Simulate Neoplasms 322 Conjunctival Amyloidosis 324 Pingueculum and Pterygium 326 Miscellaneous Lesions That Simulate Pigmented Conjunctival Melanoma Surgical Management of Conjunctival Tumors 331 Surgical Management of Conjunctival Tumors 332 Subject Index 335