Index. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

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1 Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Abdominal drainage, after hepatic resection, Ablation, radiofrequency, for hepatocellular carcinoma, Adenocarcinoma, pancreatic. See Pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Adjuvant therapy, for colon cancer, , for esophageal carcinoma, 62 63, for gastric cancer, for hepatocellular carcinoma, , for high-risk melanoma, 15 16, for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, , for rectal cancer, for resectable liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma, , Allogeneic tumor vaccine, for resected node-negative melanoma, melanoma lysate, with interferon alfa-2b for resected stage III cutaneous melanoma, Anal cancer, randomized clinical trials in rectal and, level IA evidence, Anastrozole, with tamoxifen, for early-stage breast cancer, Antibiotic prophylaxis, surgical site, in gastric cancer patients, 83 Arterial chemoembolization, in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, Axilla, in breast cancer, Level 1A evidence on evaluation and management of, Axillary lymph node dissection, vs. sentinel node biopsy as staging procedure in breast cancer, B Bevcizumab, for metastatic colorectal cancer, Biochemotherapy, for melanoma, Breast cancer, randomized clinical trials in, Level IA evidence, adjuvant radiation, endocrine therapy, evaluation and management of the axilla, polychemotherapy in operable cases, surgical trials, C Cancer, randomized clinical trials for, breast cancer, colon cancer, colorectal carcinoma, advanced and metastatic, Surg Oncol Clin N Am 19 (2010) doi: /s (09) surgonc.theclinics.com /09/$ see front matter ª 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

2 226 Index Cancer (continued) esophageal carcinoma, gastric cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, hepatocellular carcinoma, melanoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, rectal and anal cancers, soft tissue sarcoma, 1 11 Capecitabine, as adjuvant for stage III colon cancer, 199 for advanced colorectal carcinoma, for advanced esophagogastric cancer, for metastatic colorectal carcinoma, Cetuximab, for advanced colorectal cancer, Chemoembolization, in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, Chemoradiotherapy, randomized clinical trials, adjuvant, for gastric cancer, 85, esophageal carcinoma, 60 64, 66 70, definitive, vs. trimodality therapy, for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, , rectal cancer, preoperative vs. postoperative, Chemotherapy, for advanced and metastatic colorectal carcinoma, comparisons of regimens, , duration, dosing, and frequency of, 170, level IA evidence, molecular markers of efficacy, 169, neoadjuvant and adjuvant, for resectable liver metastases, , regional, 169, randomized clinical trials, anal cancer, 216, breast cancer, 43 44, plus trastuzumab for HER2-positive, neoadjuvant vs. adjuvant, preoperative, with hormonal therapy for early, with locoregional radiation therapy, colon cancer, esophageal carcinoma, 60 64, 66 70, curative, 60 64, 68 70, palliative, gastric cancer, 85 86, 91 92, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, , melanoma, rectal cancer, , soft tissue sarcoma, 2, 4 10 Cisplatin, for advanced gastric cancer, 72 73, for advanced adenocarcinoma of stomach or esophagogastric junction, for advanced esophagogastric cancer, for anal canal carcinoma, for esophageal carcinoma, for metastatic malignant melanoma, Clinical trials, randomized. See Randomized clinical trials. Colectomy, laparoscopy-assisted vs. open for colon cancer,

3 Index 227 Colon cancer. See also Colorectal carcinoma., randomized clinical trials in, adjuvant therapy, , level IA evidence, surgery, , Colorectal carcinoma. See also Colon cancer and Rectal cancer. advanced and metastatic, randomized clinical trials with chemotherapy for, comparisons of regimens, , duration, dosing, and frequency of, 170, level IA evidence, molecular markers of efficacy, 169, neoadjuvant and adjuvant, for resectable liver metastases, , regional, 169, Cutaneous melanoma. See also Melanoma. size of surgical margins, D Dacarbazine, for metastatic malignant melanoma, 23 24, Dartmouth regimen, for metastatic melanoma, Docetaxel, for advanced gastric cancer, 72 73, for soft tissue sarcoma, with gemcitabine, 9 10 Doxorubicin, for soft tissue sarcoma, neoadjuvant, 8 9 vs. ifosfamide, 7 8 Drainage, abdominal, after hepatic resection, intraperitoneal, after gastrectomy, 84 intraperitoneal, after pancreaticoduodenectomy, Ductal carcinoma in situ, adjuvant radiation therapy after excision of, E Endocrine therapy, randomized clinical trials with, breast cancer, adjuvant anastrozole and tamoxifen for early-stage, tamoxifen for prevention of, tamoxifen, 5 years of vs. more than 5 years of, Epirubicin, for advanced esophagogastric cancer, for soft tissue sarcoma, 4 5 Erlotinib, for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, , Esophageal carcinoma, randomized clinical trials in, staging, 66 summary of Level IA evidence, capecitabine and oxaliplatin, cisplatin and fluorouracil with or without docetaxel, comparison of surgical techniques, epirubicin, cisplatin and PVI 5-fluorouracil, high-dose chemoradiotherapy with curative intent, induction chemoradiotherapy vs. surgery alone, irinotecan with 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid, surgery with or without preoperative chemotherapy, with curative intent, definitive chemoradiotherapy vs. trimodality therapy, radiotherapy technique, 65 66

4 228 Index Esophageal (continued) surgery alone vs. adjuvant therapy, surgery alone vs. neoadjuvant therapy, surgery vs. chemotherapy, 60 surgical technique, with palliative intent, Esophagectomy, extended transthoracic vs. limited transhiatal resection, Ethanol injection, percutaneous, for hepatocellular carcinoma, F Fluoropyrimidines, for metastatic colorectal cancer, S-1, adjuvant therapy for gastric cancer with, 94 95, Fluorouracil, 5- (5-FU), for advanced adenocarcinoma of stomach or esophagogastric junction, for advanced colorectal carcinoma, , for advanced esophagogastric cancer, for advanced gastric cancer, 72 73, for anal cancer, for colon cancer, 198, 199, , 203, 204 for esophageal carcinoma, for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, , FOLFIRI. See Irinotecan, Fluorouracil and Leucovorin. FOLFOX. See Fluorouracil and Leucovorin. Folinic acid, for advanced adenocarcinoma of stomach or esophagogastric junction, for advanced colorectal carcinoma, G Gastrectomy, intraperitoneal drainage after, 84 nasojejunal decompression after total, 84 pancreaticoduodenectomy with or without extended lymphadenectomy and distal, reconstruction after, Gastric cancer, randomized clinical trials in, chemotherapy with and without radiation therapy, adjuvant chemoradiation, 85 adjuvant chemotherapy, Helicobacter pylori eradication, 86 intraperitoneal therapy, 86 neoadjuvant therapy, Level IA evidence, adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1, chemoradiotherapy after surgery vs. surgery alone, cisplatin and fluorouracil with or without docetaxel, effects of eradicating Helicobacter pylori disease, extended lymph node dissection, 87, 88, 89 para-aortic nodal dissection plus D2 lymphadenectomy, perioperative chemotherapy vs. surgery alone, S-1 plus cisplatin vs. S-1 alone, splenectomy vs. splenic preservation, 90 91

5 Index 229 metachronous, Helicobacter pylori eradication and, metastatic disease, surgery, extent of lymphadenectomy, intraperitoneal drainage after gastrectomy, 84 minimally invasive resection, 83 nasojejunal decompression after total gastrectomy, 84 reconstruction after gastrectomy, surgical site infection prophylaxis, 83 Gastroenterology, trials in, for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, 131 Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), randomized clinical trials in, chemotherapy and metastatic disease, Level IA evidence, imatinib mesylate, sunitinab, ongoing trials, 105 surgery and radiation, Gemcitabine, for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, , , for soft tissue sarcoma, 9 10 H Helicobacter pylori, eradication of, in gastric cancer, 86, Hepatic arterial infusion, for colorectal carcinoma liver metastases, 169, Hepatocellular carcinoma, randomized clinical trials in, adjuvant or palliative therapy, , level IA evidence, surgery and ablation, , HER2-positive breast cancer, adjuvant chemotherapy plus trastuzumab for, Hormonal therapy. See Endocrine therapy. I Ifosfamide, for soft tissue sarcoma, 4 5 adjuvant epirubcin with or without, 4 5 high-dose, with oral or IV Mesna, 6 7 neoadjuvant, 8 9 vs. doxorubicin, 7 8 Imatinib mesylate, for gastrointestinal stromal tumors, , adjuvant after surgery, at two dose levels, efficacy and safety, interruption vs. continuation of treatment, progression-free survival with high-dose, sunitinib after failure of, Immunotherapy, adjuvant, for resected node-negative melanoma, allogeneic melanoma lysate vaccine with interferon alfa-2b for resected stage III cutaneous melanoma, for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, 134 Infection control, antibiotic prophylaxis at gastric cancer surgical site, 83

6 230 Index Interferon (IFN) alfa-2b, for metastatic malignant melanoma, for resected melanoma, 21 pegylated, for resected stage II melanoma, with allogeneic melanoma lysate vaccine for resected stage III melanoma, Interferon (IFN) alpha-2a, for high-risk resected malignant melanoma, for resected melanoma with lymph node metastases, Interleukin -2 (IL-2), for metastatic malignant melanoma, for resected melanoma, 21 Intraperitoneal chemotherapy, for gastric cancer, 86 for soft tissue sarcoma vs. cytoreduction alone, 5 6 Intraperitoneal drainage, after gastrectomy, 84 after pancreaticoduodenectomy, Irinotecan, for advanced adenocarcinoma of stomach or esophagogastric junction, for colon cancer, 203 for metastatic colorectal carcinoma, , , K K-ras mutations, as marker in advanced colorectal carcinoma, L Laparoscopy-assisted resection, of colorectal carcinoma, vs. open colectomy for colon cancer, Leucovorin, for colon cancer, 198, 199, , 204 for advanced colorectal carcinoma, Lipiodol, transarterial chemoembolization with, Liver metastases, resectable, neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for, , Local therapy, more vs. less, for early breast cancer, Lumpectomy, for invasive breast cancer, 20 year follow-up, Lymph node dissection, axillary, vs. sentinel node biopsy as staging procedure in breast cancer, Lymphadenectomy, extent of, in gastric cancer, 81 82, pancreaticoduodenectomy with or without distal gastrectomy and extended, M Margins, surgical, in high-risk malignant melanoma, size of, for cutaneous melanoma, Markers, molecular, of chemotherapy efficacy in advanced and metastatic colorectal carcinoma, 169, Mastectomy, 20-year follow-up on total, lumpectomy, and lumpectomy with radiation, year follow-up on radical, total, and total with radiation, Melanoma, randomized clinical trials in, adjuvant treatment of high-risk, Level IA evidence, adjuvant treatment (nodal disease/high-risk primary), surgical trials, systemic treatments (metastatic disease), metastatic, treatment of, 16 17

7 Index 231 primary, regional metastatic disease, Mesna, oral vs. IV, for soft tissue sarcoma, 6 7 Mesorectal excision, total, preoperative radiotherapy and, for rectal cancer, Metastases, resectable liver, neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for, , Metastatic disease, gastric cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, melanoma, 16 17, treatment of, Minimally invasive surgery, in gastric cancer, 83 in rectal cancer, Mitomycin, in MCF regimen for advanced esophagogastric cancer, vs. cisplatin in regimen for anal canal carcinoma, Molecular markers, of chemotherapy efficacy in advanced and metastatic colorectal carcinoma, 169, Molecular therapy, for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, N Nasojejunal decompression, after total gastrectomy, 84 Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, for breast cancer, vs. adjuvant systemic treatment, for esophageal carcinoma, for gastric cancer, for soft tissue sarcoma, 8 9 Neoadjuvant therapy, for resectable liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma, , Nutrition, trials in, for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, 131 O Oxaliplatin, for advanced esophagogastric cancer, for colon cancer, 198, 204 for metastatic colorectal carcinoma, , P Palliative therapy, for esophageal carcinoma, for hepatocellular carcinoma, , for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, 134 Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, randomized clinical trials in, between 1977 and 2000, chemotherapy, , adjuvant chemoradiation and, after surgical resection, , palliative chemoradiation and, gastroenterology, 130 immunotherapy, 134 level IA evidence, molecular therapy, nutrition, palliative therapy, 134 surgery, ,

8 232 Index Pancreaticoduodenectomy, pylorus-preserving vs. standard Whipple, value of intraperitoneal drainage after, with or without extended lymphadenectomy and distal gastrectomy, Para-aortic nodal dissection, in gastric cancer, Pegylated interferon (IFN) alfa-2b, for resected stage II melanoma, Preoperative therapy. See Neoadjuvant therapy. Prevention, of breast cancer, tamoxifen for, Prophylaxis, antibiotic, surgical site, in gastric cancer patients, 83 Protracted venous-infusion fluorouracil (PVI 5-FU), in regimen for advanced esophagogastric cancer, Pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, vs. standard Whipple procedure, R Radiation therapy. See also Chemoradiotherapy. randomized clinical trials with, anal, 216, breast cancer, 35 36, esophageal carcinoma, 60 64, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, in trimodality therapy for esophageal carcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, rectal cancer, , soft tissue sarcoma, 2, 3 4 Radiofrequency ablation, vs. ethanol injection for hepatocellular carcinoma, Randomized clinical trials, breast cancer, colon cancer, colorectal carcinoma, advanced and metastatic, esophageal carcinoma, gastric cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, hepatocellular carcinoma, melanoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, rectal and anal cancers, soft tissue sarcoma, 1 11 Reconstructive surgery, after anterior resection of rectal cancer, after gastrectomy, Rectal cancer. See also Colorectal carcinoma. randomized clinical trials in, chemotherapy, , level IA evidence, radiation, , surgery, , Regional chemotherapy, hepatic arterial infusion for colorectal carcinoma liver metastases, 169, S S-1, adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer with, 94 95, Sentinel lymph node evaluation, vs. standard pathologic staging for colon cancer, Sentinel node biopsy, vs. lymph node dissection as staging procedure in breast cancer, 39 40

9 Index 233 vs. nodal observation in melanoma, Soft tissue sarcoma, randomized clinical trials in, 1 11 chemotherapy, 2, 4 10 epirubicin with or without ifosfamide, 4 5 gemcitabine alone vs. with docetaxal, 9 10 ifosfamide vs. doxorubicin, 7 8 intraperitoneal vs. cytoreduction alone, 5 6 neoadjuvant for high-risk cases, 8 9 oral plus IV Mesna with ifosfamide, 6 7 future directions of, 3 Level I evidence, 3 10 radiation therapy, 2, 3 4 preoperative vs. postoperative, 3 4 surgery, 1 Sorafenib, in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, Splenectomy, vs. splenic preservation in gastric cancer, Splenic preservation, vs. splenectomy, in gastric cancer, Squamous cell carcinoma, of esophagus, chemoradiation with and without surgery for, Staging, esophageal carcinoma, 66 of colon cancer, sentinel lymph node evaluation vs. standard pathologic, Stomas, defunctioning, after resection of rectal cancer, Sunitinib, for advanced gastrointestinal tumors, Surgery, randomized controlled trials, anal cancer, 216 breast cancer, colon cancer, , esophageal carcinoma, 60 65, gastric cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, hepatocellular carcinoma, , melanoma, 13 15, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, , rectal cancer, , soft tissue sarcomas, 1 T Tamoxifen, in breast cancer randomized clinical trials, 5 years of vs. more than 5 years of, adjuvant anastrozole and, for early-stage, for prevention of, Tegafur, oral uracil and, plus leucovorin, for colon cancer, Transarterial chemoembolization, vs. symptomatic treatment in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, Trastuzumab, plus adjuvant chemotherapy for HER2-positive breast cancer, Trials, randomized clinical. See Randomized clinical trials. U Uracil, oral tegafur and, plus leucovorin, for colon cancer,

10 234 Index V Vaccine, allogeneic melanoma lysate, with interferon alfa-2b for resected stage III cutaneous melanoma, allogeneic tumor, for immunotherapy of resected node-negative melanoma, Vinblastine, in biochemotherapy regimen for metastatic malignant melanoma, W Whipple procedure, pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy vs. standard,