DR. RAMESH U2 L4 MITOSIS AND CANCER

Transcription

1 DR. RAMESH U2 L4 MITOSIS AND CANCER

2 Objective! The student will (TSW) identify the relationship between cancer and mitosis. Benchmark/Standard LS-H-B2: Compare mitosis and meiosis

3 Why are we learning this?!

4 Why are we learning this?! All life begins and continues through cell division, which is responsible for the growth and development of organisms. Without this process, organisms would die.

5 Reflection: If you don t mind sharing: sharing, Raise your hand if you know someone who had cancer Raise your hand if this person is still fighting cancer Raise your hand if this person passed away Raise your hand if this person survived

6 Cancer! Cancer is a group of cells that divide far too often and far too quickly Cancer is a group of cells that divide far too often and far too quickly

7 Cancer! Uncontrolled growth of cells occurs due to a mutation or change in the DNA. Cells do not follow the regular timing of the cell cycle and cells divide very rapidly

8 KEY CONCEPTS! Cell cycle regulation is necessary for healthy growth

9 Cell growth and division are regulated by external factors such as growth factors and hormones.

10 Cell growth is also affected by internal factors (proteins and enzymes) like cyclins and kinases.

11 When proper regulation of cell growth is disrupted, a cell may become cancerous.

12 Cancer cells do not carry out Cancer cells arise from normal cells that have damaged genes involved in cell-cycle regula7on. necessary functions. Cancer cells do not show contact inhibi7on

13 Apoptosis is programmed cell death that occurs in normal growth and development. Apoptosis is a process by which dead, damaged and unwanted cells are removed. webbed fingers In cancer cells, apoptosis does not take place causing the sick cells to survive and mul7ply rapidly.

14 There are over 100 types of cancers.! A SHOCKING STATISTIC!= Melanoma (skin cancer) actually accounts for 90% of the cancer cases in the US The rays of the sun/tanning beds mess up your DNA and cause your cells to go through uncontrolled mitosis!

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17 Oral Cancer

18 Extreme Case of Thyroid Cancer

19 Lung Cancer

20 Causes of Cancer! Chemicals that cause cancer are called CARCINOGENS. They can induce changes or mutations in our DNA, resulting in cancer.

21 Causes of Cancer!

22 Causes of Cancer!

23 Causes of Cancer!

24 Causes of Cancer!

25 Causes of Cancer! 1. Heredity (DNA passed down from parents). 2. Environment (outside factors like behaviors or pollution)

26 How could you get cancer? u Some cancers are genetic (present in your genes at birth). u Exposure to harmful rays from the sun or artificial tanning beds. u Bad eating habits and bad lifestyle. u Chewing Tobacco or smoking tobacco u Environmental factors (chemicals present in the air you breathe or water you drink) u Presence of other illnesses like Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) or Human Papilloma Virus HPV or Hepatitis C virus (HCV).

27 Okay, so then what s a tumor? A tumor is a clump of rapidly dividing cells.

28 Cell division is uncontrolled in cancer. Cancer cells form disorganized clumps called tumors. Benign tumors remain clustered and can be removed. Malignant tumors metastasize, or break away, and can form more tumors. normal cell cancer cell bloodstream

29 There are different kinds of tumors Benign: Does not spread to other parts of the body You can treat it by surgery; removing the benign tumor. Malignant: - Cannot control its growth - Spreads through the blood stream and does not stop growing

30 How do people die from cancer? The cancer cells will metastasize (spread into your blood stream). Your blood stream goes all throughout your body Once a malignant (cancerous) cell enters your blood, it can go anywhere in your body and start reproducing abnormally This will cause new tumors to grow at different locations in the body

31 How do you treat or prevent cancer? If you detect the cancer in the early stage, (stage 1), you may be able to treat it BEFORE THE CANCER CELLS METASTASIZES OR SPREAD (Stage 3 or terminal cancer) Screening and early detection is key! You can also get vaccinated to prevent some cancers like cervical cancer caused by HPV Living a simple life with healthy natural foods, enough rest and no bad habits!

32 How can you screen? Depends on the cancer: Cervical cancer= annual pap smear Colon cancer= colonoscopy Breast cancer= monthly self exam, mammograms. Prostate cancer= annual physical It is important to go to the doctor if you are ever worried you might have cancer because early detection is KEY!

33 Standard cancer treatments typically kill both cancerous and healthy cells. Carcinogens are substances known to promote cancer.

34 Chemotherapy: Major treatment for cancer Kills ALL rapidly-diving cells Therefore, kills GOOD and BAD cells Works best on newer tumors

35 What are some other treatments? Radiation use of UV light to kill the rapidly dividing cells Surgery to remove the tumor of rapidly dividing cells

36 Think Pair Share How are cancer and mitosis related?

37 The Cell Cycle Normal Cell Cancer cells M phase Interphase not splitting splitting Always in mitosis!

38 Cancer = uncontrolled mitosis!!! Uncontrolled growth of body cells (somatic cells)

39 DIRECTIONS Voices at a Level one Complete the Independent Practice Raise your hand if you have questions

40 Independent Practice! Gallery Walk on 3 Cancer Scenarios: Form three groups. One person in the group will read the scenario given aloud to the group. As a group you will discuss the and answers to the questions listed.

41 DIRECTIONS Voices at a Level Zero Complete the Exit Ticket Answer in complete sentences Raise your hand if you have questions

42 Exit Ticket! DIRECTIONS: Answer the following question in a complete sentence. 1) Define cancer. 2) How are cancer and mitosis related?