INTRODUCTION. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2006;36(12) doi: /jjco/hyl105
|
|
- Cory Cain
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Range of Tumor Extension Should Have Precedence over the Location of the Deepest Tumor Center in Determining the Regional Lymph Node Grouping for Widely Extending Esophageal Carcinomas Jpn J Clin Oncol 2006;36(12) doi: /jjco/hyl105 Yuji Ueda 1, Atsushi Shiozaki 1, Hirosumi Itoi 2, Kazuma Okamoto 1, Hitoshi Fujiwara 1, Daisuke Ichikawa 1, Shojiro Kikuchi 1, Nobuaki Fuji 1, Tsuyoshi Itoh 1, Toshiya Ochiai 1 and Hisakazu Yamagishi 1 1 Department of Surgery, Division of Digestive Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto and 2 Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Meiji University of Oriental Medicine, Nantan, Kyoto, Japan Received May 2, 2006; accepted July 25, 2006; published online October 16, 2006 Background: The Japanese Guide Lines for the Clinical and Pathologic Studies on Carcinoma of the Esophagus (9th edn) give precedence to the location of the deepest tumor center rather than the range of tumor extension when determining regional lymph node grouping. We evaluated the validity of this recommendation. Methods: The subjects were 49 patients with carcinomas of the distal thoracic esophagus and cardia who had undergone esophagectomy with three-field lymph node dissection. We measured variables defining tumor location, such as the distance from the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) to the proximal margin of the tumor (DJP), the distance from the EGJ to the distal margin of the tumor (DJD), and the distance from the EGJ to the deepest tumor center (DJC). To examine the relation of tumor location to lymph node metastasis in the proximal direction, the patients were divided into two groups according to the presence (14 patients) or absence (35 patients) of middle-upper mediastinal and/or cervical lymph node metastases. These two groups were compared with respect to the above variables. To analyze lymph node metastasis in the distal direction, the patients were also divided into two groups according to the presence (12 patients) or absence (37 patients) of distant abdominal lymph node metastases. These two groups were similarly compared with respect to the above variables. Results: DJP was significantly longer in the patients with middle upper mediastinal and/or cervical lymph node metastases than in those without such metastases. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the DJP was a better predictor of middle upper mediastinal and/or cervical lymph node metastases than was the DJC. The DJD was significantly longer in the patients with distant abdominal lymph node metastases. Multiple logistic regression analysis also showed that the DJD was a better predictor of distant abdominal lymph node metastases than was the DJC. Conclusions: The range of tumor extension is a more reliable predictor of the risk of distant lymph node metastases than is the location of the deepest tumor center in esophageal carcinoma. Key words: esophageal cancer cardia cancer tumor extension tumor center lymph node metastasis For reprints and correspondence: Yuji Ueda, Department of Surgery, Division of Digestive Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto , Japan. yueda@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp INTRODUCTION Carcinomas of the distal thoracic esophagus and cardia have peculiar clinicopathologic characteristics because of the unique anatomic features of this region. The esophagus has squamous epithelium, and the stomach has columnar # 2006 Foundation for Promotion of Cancer Research
2 776 Tumor extension and LN metastasis epithelium. The mechanisms of carcinogenesis, histological features, extent of lymph node metastases, operative methods, and prognoses of these carcinomas remain controversial (1 3). The operative approach and range of lymph node dissection should be based on an accurate evaluation of the extent of primary tumor and nodal metastases. A better understanding of clinicopathologic features and the development of improved classification systems are needed. Most of the currently used classification systems are based on variables defining tumor location, such as the location of the tumor center (the point of deepest tumor invasion) and the range of tumor extension (4 6). The Japanese Guide Lines for the Clinical and Pathologic Studies on Carcinoma of the Esophagus (9th edn) regard the location of the deepest tumor center to be the most important variable defining tumor location and regional lymph node grouping (6). Furthermore, in widely extending esophageal carcinomas, the location of the deepest tumor center has precedence over the range of tumor extension in determining regional lymph node grouping. According to the Guide Lines, bothwidely extending and narrowly extending esophageal cancers are considered to have the same lymph node grouping if the deepest tumor centers reside in the same area (Fig. 1). We questioned the validity of the regional lymph node grouping in the Japanese Guide Lines. In this study of carcinomas of the distal thoracic esophagus and cardia, we used the distance from the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) to the margin of the tumor as an index of the range of tumor extension. Our results suggest that the range of tumor extension is a more accurate predictor of lymph node metastases than is the location of the deepest tumor center. PATIENTS AND METHODS PATIENTS We studied 49 patients with primary carcinomas of the distal thoracic esophagus and cardia with at least part of the primary tumor present in the abdominal esophagus (Ae), as defined by the Japanese Guide Lines. We could thus investigate various tumors with different patterns of extension. Extension ranges of the tumors were divided into the following four types: 32 patients had widely extending carcinomas that occupied the lower thoracic esophagus (Lt), Ae, and stomach (G) (LtAeG); six had carcinomas that occupied both the Lt and Ae (LtAe); eight had carcinomas that occupied both the Ae and G (AeG); and three had carcinomas that were localized to the Ae. All patients had undergone esophagectomy with three-field lymph node dissection (curative R0 resection) at the Department of Surgery, Division of Digestive Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, between January 1987 and December We categorized their regional lymph nodes into cervical, upper mediastinal, middle mediastinal, lower mediastinal, and abdominal lymph nodes. In accordance with the Japanese Guide Lines, we defined celiac artery, common hepatic artery, and splenic artery lymph nodes as distant abdominal lymph nodes. To examine the relation of tumor location to lymph node metastasis in the proximal direction, the patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of middle upper mediastinal and/or cervical lymph node metastases. Among the 49 patients, 14 were positive and 35 negative for middle upper mediastinal and/or cervical lymph node metastases. Furthermore, to examine the relation of tumor location to lymph node metastasis in the distal direction, the patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of distant abdominal lymph node metastases. Among the 49 patients, 12 were positive and 37 negative for distant abdominal lymph node metastases. Figure 1. Variations in the location of the deepest tumor center. The location of the tumor center (the point of deepest tumor invasion) has precedence in determining the regional lymph node grouping of widely extending esophageal carcinomas according to the Japanese Guide Lines for the Clinical and Pathologic Studies on Carcinoma of the Esophagus (9th edn). For example, the tumors in (a) and (b) are classified as having the same lymph node grouping, i.e. for abdominal esophageal cancer. Although the extension range of the tumor in (c) is the same as that in (b), the former is classified as having the lymph node grouping for abdominal esophageal cancer and the latter is classified as having the lymph node grouping for lower thoracic esophageal cancer. CLINICOPATHOLOGIC FEATURES We compared patients positive for distant lymph node metastasis and those negative for metastasis with respect to age, sex, tumor size, depth of tumor invasion, histological type, gross type, lymphatic invasion, and blood vessel invasion. The depth of tumor invasion was evaluated on specimens stained with hematoxylin and eosin and was classified according to the Japanese Guide Lines as being from ptis to pt2 (nine patients) or from pt3 to pt4 (40 patients). Histologically, tumors were classified into two types: squamous cell carcinoma (41 patients) or others (adenocarcinoma,
3 Jpn J Clin Oncol 2006;36(12) 777 five patients; adenosquamous carcinoma, two patients; basaloid carcinoma, one patient). Macroscopically, tumors were classified as elevated (27 patients) or depressed (22 patients). Lymphatic invasion and blood vessel invasion were evaluated microscopically and categorized as positive or negative. MEASUREMENT OF VARIABLES DEFINING TUMOR LOCATION Using resected organs, we measured and recorded several variables defining tumor location. As recommended by the Japanese Guide Lines, each resected specimen was stretched to a length most closely approximating that in the human body. The specimen was then fixed, and variables were assessed by macroscopic examination. The EGJ was decided macroscopically by inspecting the border between the esophageal epithelium and the gastric mucosa. We used three variables to define tumor location: the distance from the EGJ to the proximal margin of the tumor (DJP), the distance from the EGJ to the distal margin of the tumor (DJD), and the distance from the EGJ to the deepest tumor center (DJC). We retrospectively examined the relations of these variables to lymph node metastases (Fig. 2). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Statistical analysis was done with Fisher s exact tests and Student s t-tests for clinicopathological characteristics and variables defining tumor location. Differences were considered statistically significant when P values were less than Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with distant lymph node metastases. Statistical analyses were performed with the statistical software JMP, version 5. Figure 2. Three variables defining tumor location. DJC, distance from the EGJ to the deepest tumor center; DJP, distance from the EGJ to the proximal margin of tumor; DJD, distance from the EGJ to the distal margin of tumor. RESULTS RELATION OF TUMOR LOCATION TO LYMPH NODE METASTASIS IN THE PROXIMAL DIRECTION Patients with and without middle upper mediastinal and/or cervical lymph node metastases did not differ significantly with respect to age, sex, tumor size, depth of tumor invasion, histological type, gross type, lymphatic invasion, or blood vessel invasion (Table 1). The DJP was significantly longer in patients with middle upper mediastinal and/or cervical lymph node metastases. However, the DJC and the DJD were similar in patients with and those without middle upper mediastinal and/or cervical lymph node metastases (Table 1). Logistic regression (univariate) analysis was performed with middle upper mediastinal and/or cervical lymph node metastases as the dependent variable. The DJP, used as an independent variable, was found to significantly correlate with middle upper mediastinal and/or cervical lymph node metastases. In contrast, when the DJC was used as the independent variable, there was no correlation with middle upper mediastinal and/or cervical lymph node metastases. Similarly, when the DJD was used as the independent variable, there was no correlation (Table 2a). When multiple logistic regression analysis was performed with the DJP, DJC and DJD as independent variables, P values were 0.105, 0.762, and 0.805, respectively. These data indicate that the range of tumor extension is a stronger predictor of the risk of middle upper mediastinal and/or cervical lymph node metastases than is the location of the deepest tumor center. We compared patients with and those without middle upper mediastinal and/or cervical lymph node metastases with respect to tumor location as defined by the Japanese Guide Lines. We found no clear correlation between the location of the deepest tumor center (the variable used to define tumor location by the Japanese Guide Lines) and metastases to these lymph nodes. As for the range of tumor extension, most of the tumors with middle upper mediastinal and/or cervical lymph node metastases widely occupied three areas: Lt, Ae, and G (LtAeG). In addition, all tumors with metastases to these lymph nodes occupied Lt (Table 2b). These results suggest that the range of tumor extension correlates more closely with middle upper mediastinal and/or cervical lymph node metastases than does the location of the deepest tumor center, the variable used to define tumor location by the Japanese Guide Lines. As shown in Fig. 1, we sometimes find a shift of the tumor center in patients with esophageal cancer. Therefore, we analyzed the shift of the tumor center in all 49 patients and examined the relation between this variable and lymph node metastases. We calculated the diameter of the tumor in the direction of the esophageal axis by measuring the DJP and DJD. The true anatomical center point of the tumor was then decided. The shift of the tumor center (the distance from the location of deepest tumor invasion to the true
4 778 Tumor extension and LN metastasis Table 1. Comparison of clinicopathologic features and variables defining tumor location between patients positive for middle upper mediastinal and/or cervical lymph node metastases and those negative for such metastases Variable Middle upper mediastinal and/or cervical lymph node metastases P value Positive (n ¼ 14) Negative (n ¼ 35) Age (younger than 60 years/60 years or older) 6/8 15/20 1 Sex (male/female) 12/2 31/4 1 Tumor size (less than 50 mm/50 mm or more) 5/9 20/ Depth of tumor invasion (ptis-t2/pt3-4) 2/12 7/28 1 Histological type (squamous cell carcinoma/others) 11/3 30/ Gross type (elevated/depressed) 7/7 20/ Lymphatic invasion (2/þ) 1/13 11/ Blood vessel invasion (2/þ) 6/8 18/ DJP (mm) * DJC (mm) DJD (mm) DJP, distance from the EGJ to the proximal margin of tumor; DJC, distance from the EGJ to the deepest tumor center; DJD, Distance from the EGJ to the distal margin of tumor. Values are means +SE (standard error). Statistical analysis was carried out using Fisher s exact tests and Student s t-tests. *P, Table 2a. Results of logistic regression using middle upper mediastinal and/or cervical lymph node metastases as the dependent variable (univariate analysis) Independent variables Estimate Standard error P value Odds ratio 95% CI R 2 DJP * DJC DJD DJP, distance from the EGJ to the proximal margin of tumor; DJC, distance from the EGJ to the deepest tumor center; DJD, Distance from the EGJ to the distal margin of tumor; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval. *P, Table 2b. Comparison between patients positive for middle upper mediastinal and/or cervical lymph node metastases and those negative for such metastases according to tumor location as defined by the Japanese Guide Lines Variable Middle upper mediastinal and/or neck lymph node metastases Positive (n ¼ 14) Negative (n ¼ 35) Location of deepest tumor center Lt/Ae/G 4/10/0 7/21/7 Range of tumor extension LtAeG/LtAe/Ae/AeG 13/1/0/0 19/5/3/8 Lt, lower thoracic esophagus; Ae, abdominal esophagus; G, stomach. anatomical center point of the tumor) was calculated, and the data were normalized with the radius of the tumor in the direction of the esophageal axis. As shown in Fig. 3, shifts in tumor centers were within one tenth of radiuses in 42.9% of the patients. The maximum shift in the tumor center was proximally and distally. The shift in the tumor center was similar in patients with and those without middle upper mediastinal and/or cervical lymph node metastases ( positive, ; negative, , P ¼ 0.605). These results suggest that middle upper mediastinal and/or cervical lymph node metastases are not influenced by shifts of the tumor center.
5 Jpn J Clin Oncol 2006;36(12) 779 Figure 3. Shifts of tumor center. Shifts of the tumor center were analyzed on the basis of the DJP, DJC and DJD. The distance from the site of deepest tumor invasion to the center point of the tumor was calculated and normalized with the radius of the tumor in the direction of the esophageal axis. DJP, distance from the EGJ to the proximal margin of tumor; DJD, distance from the EGJ to the distal margin of tumor; DJC, distance from the EGJ to the deepest tumor center. To examine whether there was a clear cut-off point of the DJP that could be used to predict middle upper mediastinal and/or cervical lymph node metastases, we used histograms to investigate the relation between the DJP and metastases to these lymph nodes. As shown in Fig. 4a, no patient in whom the DJP was less than 20 mm had middle upper mediastinal and/or cervical lymph node metastases. Therefore, we consider this value a landmark that can be used to decide whether resection of these lymph nodes is indicated. RELATION OF TUMOR LOCATION TO LYMPH NODE METASTASIS IN THE DISTAL DIRECTION Patients with and those without distant abdominal lymph node metastases did not differ significantly with respect to age, sex, tumor size, depth of tumor invasion, gross type, or blood vessel invasion. With respect to histological type, squamous cell carcinoma was seen in seven of 12 patients (58.3%) with distant abdominal lymph node metastases and in 34 of 37 patients (91.9%) without distant abdominal lymph node metastases. All patients with distant abdominal lymph node metastases had lymphatic invasion. The DJD was significantly longer in patients with distant abdominal lymph node metastases. However, the DJC and DJP were similar in patients with and those without distant abdominal lymph node metastases (Table 3). Logistic regression (univariate) analysis was performed, using distant abdominal lymph node metastases as the dependent variable. The DJD, used as an independent variable, was found to significantly correlate with distant abdominal lymph node metastases. In contrast, when the DJC was used as the independent variable, there was no correlation with distant abdominal lymph node metastases. Similarly, when the DJP was used as the independent variable, there was no correlation (Table 4a). When multiple logistic regression analysis was performed with the DJD, DJC, and DJP as independent variables, P values were 0.049, 0.777, and 0.772, respectively. These data indicate that the range of tumor extension was a stronger predictor of the risk of distant abdominal lymph node metastases than was the location of the deepest tumor center. With respect to tumor location as defined by the Japanese Guide Lines, patients with and those without distant abdominal lymph node metastases were compared. We found no clear correlation between the location of the deepest tumor center and distant abdominal lymph nodes metastases. In contrast, with respect to range of tumor extension, all tumors with distant abdominal lymph nodes metastases widely occupied three areas. Similar to the results of analysis in the proximal direction, all tumors with distant abdominal lymph nodes metastases occupied G (Table 4b). These results suggest that the range of tumor extension correlates more closely with distant abdominal lymph node metastases than does the location of the deepest tumor center, the variable used to define tumor location by the Japanese Guide Lines. Furthermore, the shift of the tumor center was similar in patients with and those without distant abdominal lymph node metastases (positive, ; negative, , P ¼ 0.691). These results suggest that distant abdominal lymph node metastases were unrelated to shifts of the tumor center. We investigated the relation between the DJD and distant abdominal lymph node metastases to determine whether there was a clear cut-off point. As shown in Fig. 4b, no patient in whom DJD were less than 0 mm had distant abdominal lymph node metastases. This finding indicates that distant abdominal lymph nodes, such as the celiac artery lymph nodes, should be resected in patients who have esophageal cancers that involve the stomach. DISCUSSION Esophagectomy with three-field lymph node dissection is considered to be the standard procedure for the treatment of cancer of the thoracic esophagus (7 10). However, the operative procedure for cancers involving the distal thoracic esophagus and cardia remains controversial because the region is very complex anatomically as well as histologically (11 13). Differences in operative procedure can affect both curability of cancer and patients postoperative quality of life (14, 15). Preoperative diagnosis of the extent of primary tumor and nodal metastasis has an important role in deciding whether operation should be done through a transthoracic, transabdominal, or transhiatal approach (16, 17). Esophagectomy by
6 780 Tumor extension and LN metastasis Figure 4. Relations between locations of tumor margin and lymph node metastases. (a) The histogram shows the distribution of the DJP with respect to middle-upper mediastinal and/or cervical lymph node metastases. (b) The histogram shows the distribution of the DJD with respect to distant abdominal lymph node metastases. DJP, distance from the EGJ to the proximal margin of tumor; DJD, distance from the EGJ to the distal margin of tumor. a left thoracoabdominal approach is often used for carcinomas of the distal thoracic esophagus or cardia, but its value is questionable because mediastinal lymphadenectomy is limited almost exclusively to the lower mediastinum. Transhiatal esophagectomy is also inappropriate for mediastinal lymphadenectomy. It is thus very important to accurately predict middle upper mediastinal lymph node metastasis when selecting the operative approach. Because the stomach is usually used for reconstruction after esophagectomy, preoperative prediction of abdominal lymph node metastases is also essential. The appropriate range of lymphadenectomy for distal thoracic esophageal cancer remains controversial, especially with regard to whether middle upper mediastinal and/or cervical lymphadenectomy should be performed (18 20). Baba et al. proposed that the range of mediastinal lymphadenectomy for distal esophageal cancer should be based on the anatomic location of the deepest tumor center (21). They recommended that the recurrent nerve lymph nodes, representing the upper margin of the mediastinal lymph nodes, should be dissected in esophageal cancers in which the tumor center is located within 1 5 cm from the EGJ. Furthermore, they pointed out that upper mediastinal lymphadenectomy could be omitted in esophageal cancers in which the deepest tumor center is located within 1 cm from the EGJ. Our analysis of carcinomas arising in the distal thoracic esophagus or cardia showed no significant relation between the DJC and middle upper mediastinal and/or cervical lymph node metastases. However, we showed a positive correlation between the frequency of these lymph node metastases and the DJP. In our analysis, the cut-off point of the DJP used to predict middle upper mediastinal and/or cervical lymph node metastases was 20 mm. The range of the abdominal esophagus is generally considered to be about 20 mm from EGJ in Japan (5). Therefore, our results indicate that middle upper mediastinal lymph node dissection by a right thoracoabdominal approach should be performed in patients whose cancers extend to the lower thoracic esophagus. Several previous studies have examined the clinical features of esophageal cancer involving the stomach, including involvement patterns, histological characteristics, and outcomes (22 24). To our knowledge, however, no previous study has assessed the relation of abdominal lymph node metastasis to tumor location as defined by variables such as the length of stomach invasion and site of deepest invasion. Our study clearly showed that the DJD is a more reliable predictor of the risk of distant abdominal lymph node metastases than is the DJC. Further, our results concerning the cut-off point of the DJD indicated that distant abdominal lymph nodes, such as the celiac artery lymph nodes, should be resected in addition to the perigastric lymph nodes in patients with cancer involving the stomach. In this study, we examined the relations of variables defining tumor location to lymph node metastases by
7 Jpn J Clin Oncol 2006;36(12) 781 Table 3. Comparison of clinicopathologic features and variables defining tumor location between patients positive for distant abdominal lymph node metastases and those negative for such metastases Variable Distant abdominal lymph node metastases P value Positive (n ¼ 12) Negative (n ¼ 37) Age (younger than 60 years/60 years or older) 4/8 17/ Sex (male/female) 11/1 32/5 1 Tumor size (less than 50 mm/50 mm or more) 4/8 21/ Depth of tumor invasion (ptis-t2/pt3-4) 2/10 7/30 1 Histological type (squamous cell carcinoma/others) 7/5 34/ * Gross type (elevated/depressed) 5/7 22/ Lymphatic invasion ( /þ) 0/12 12/ * Blood vessel invasion ( /þ) 3/9 21/ DJD (mm) * DJC (mm) DJP (mm) DJD, distance from the EGJ to the distal margin of tumor; DJC, distance from the EGJ to the deepest tumor center; DJP, distance from the EGJ to the proximal margin of tumor. Values are means +SE (standard error). Statistical analysis was carried out using Fisher s exact tests and Student s t-tests. *P, Table 4a. Results of logistic regression using distant abdominal lymph node metastases as the dependent variable (univariate analysis) Independent variable Estimate Standard error P value Odds ratio 95% CI R 2 DJD * DJC DJP DJD, distance from the EGJ to the distal margin of tumor; DJC, distance from the EGJ to the deepest tumor center; DJP, distance from the EGJ to the proximal margin of tumor; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval. *P, Table 4b. Comparison between patients positive for distant abdominal lymph node metastases and those negative for such metastases according to tumor location as defined by the Japanese Guide Lines Variable Distant abdominal lymph node metastases Positive (n ¼ 12) Negative (n ¼ 37) Location of tumor center Lt/Ae/G 1/10/1 10/21/6 Range of tumor extension LtAeG/LtAe/Ae/AeG 12/0/0/0 20/6/3/8 Lt, lower thoracic esophagus; Ae, Abdominal esophagus; G, stomach. macroscopically evaluating resected organs because important morphologic landmarks, such as tumor margins, tumor center, and the EGJ could be clearly defined. Clinically, however, the ability to preoperatively assess these variables by means of techniques such as endoscopy and esophagography would greatly facilitate selection of the surgical procedure of choice before operation. In our analyses of distal thoracic esophageal and cardia cancers, variables defining tumor location were measured using resected specimens stretched to a length most closely approximating that in the human body. We therefore believe that our post-operatively measured values would not significantly differ from those obtained by pre-operative examinations. With resected specimens, however, measurement error may increase as the distance from the EGJ becomes longer. Ultimately, therefore, pre-operatively measured values should be used.
8 782 Tumor extension and LN metastasis We focused our attention on the range of tumor extension and the location of deepest tumor invasion in this analysis of widely extending esophageal carcinomas. The latter value, i.e. the location of deepest tumor invasion, has precedence in determining the regional lymph node grouping of widely extending esophageal carcinomas according to the Japanese Guide Lines. We consider it more difficult to diagnose the location of deepest tumor invasion rather than the range of tumor extension on preoperative examinations such as endoscopy and esophagography. In this sense, we believe that a revised classification of lymph node metastases that better reflects the range of tumor extension should be established. In conclusion, our results clearly show that the range of tumor extension is a more reliable predictor of the risk of distant lymph node metastases than is the location of the deepest tumor center in carcinomas of the distal thoracic esophagus and cardia. References 1. Jankowski JA, Harrison RF, Perry I, Balkwill F, Tselepis C. Barrett s metaplasia. Lancet 2000;356: The Japanese Society for Esophageal Diseases. Comprehensive Registry of Esophageal Cancer in Japan ( ), 2nd edn. Tokyo; van de Ven C, De Leyn P, Coosemans W, Van Raemdonck D, Lerut T. Three-field lymphadenectomy and pattern of lymph node spread in T3 adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus and the gastro esophageal junction. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1999;15: Siewert JR, Stein HJ. Carcinoma of the cardia. Carcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction classification, pathology and extent of resection. Dis Esophagus 1996;9: Nishi M, Kaji S, Akune T, Kimotsuki K, Nagata M, Kawa S, et al. Carcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction. Gekashinryo 1973;15: (in Japanese). 6. Japanese Society for Esophageal Disease. Guide Lines for the Clinical and Pathologic Studies on Carcinoma of the Esophagus, 9thedn. Tokyo: Kanehara Co. Ltd; Kato H, Watanabe H, Tachimori Y, Iizuka T: Evaluation of neck lymph node dissection for thoracic esophageal carcinoma. Ann Thorac Surg 1991;51: Akiyama H, Tsurumaru M, Udagawa H, Kajiyama Y. Radical lymph node dissection for cancer of the thoracic esophagus. Ann Surg 1994;220: Baba M, Aikou T, Yoshinaka H, Natsugoe S, Fukumoto T, Shimazu H, et al. Long-term results of subtotal esophagectomy with three-field lymphadenectomy for carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus. Ann Surg 1994;219: FujitaH,KakegawaT,YamanaH,ShimaI,TohY,TomitaY,etal. Mortality and morbidity rates, postoperative course, quality of life, and prognosis after extended radical lymphadenectomy for esophageal cancer. Comparison of three-field lymphadenectomy with two-field lymphadenectomy. Ann Surg 1995;222: Stein HJ, Feith M, Mueller J, Werner M, Siewert JR. Limited resection for early adenocarcinoma in Barrett s esophagus. Ann Surg 2000;232: Finley RJ, Grace M, Duff JH. Esophagogastrectomy without thoracotomy for carcinoma of the cardia and lower part of the esophagus. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1985;160: Turner CG. Excision of the thoracic esophagus for carcinoma with constriction of an extrathoracic gullet. Lancet 1993;342: Isono K, Sato H, Nakayama K. Results of a nationwide study on the three-field lymph node dissection of esophageal cancer. Oncology 1991;48: Nishimaki T, Suzuki T, Suzuki S, Kuwabara S, Hatakeyama K. Outcomes of extended radical esophagectomy for thoracic esophageal cancer. J Am Coll Surg 1998;186: Heitmiller FR. Result of standard left thoracoabdominal esophagectomy. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1992;4: Orringer MB, Marshall B, Iannettoni MD. Transhiatal esophagectomy for treatment of benign and malignant esophageal disease. World J Surg 2001;25: Igaki H, Tachimori Y, Kato H. Improved survival for patients with upper and/or middle mediastinal lymph node metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma of the lower thoracic esophagus treated with 3-field dissection. Ann Surg 2004;239: Fujita H, Sueyoshi S, Tanaka T, Fujii T, Toh U, Mine T, et al. Optimal lymphadenectomy for squamous cell carcinoma in the thoracic esophagus: comparing the short- and long-term outcome among the four types of lymphadenectomy. World J Surg 2003;27: Nakagawa S, Nishimaki T, Kosugi S, Ohashi M, Kanda T, Hatakeyama K. Cervical lymphadenectomy is beneficial for patients with carcinoma of the upper and mid-thoracic esophagus. Dis Esophagus 2003;16: Baba M, Natsugoe S, Hokita S, Kusano C, Nakano S, Ishigami J, et al. Optimal extent of lymphadenectomy for carcinoma of the distal esophagus based on the anatomic location of the tumor center. Geka 2000;62: (in Japanese). 22. Glick SN, Teplick SK, Levine MS, Caroline DF. Gastric cardia metastasis in esophageal carcinoma. Radiology 1986;160: Kuwano H, Baba K, Ikebe M, Kitamura K, Adachi Y, Mori M, et al. Gastric involvement of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Surg 1992;79: Doki Y, Ishikawa O, Kabuto T, Hiratsuka M, Sasaki Y, Ohigashi H, et al. Possible indication for surgical treatment of squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus that involve the stomach. Surgery 2003;133:
Prognostic and Clinical Evaluation of Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis in Esophageal Cancer
Prognostic and Clinical Evaluation of Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis in Esophageal Cancer Shuhei Komatsu 1, Yuji Ueda 1, Daisuke Ichikawa 1, Hitoshi Fujiwara 1, Kazuma Okamoto 1, Shojiro Kikuchi 1, Atsushi
More informationA Proposed Strategy for Treatment of Superficial Carcinoma. in the Thoracic Esophagus Based on an Analysis. of Lymph Node Metastasis
Kitakanto Med J 2002 ; 52 : 189-193 189 A Proposed Strategy for Treatment of Superficial Carcinoma in the Thoracic Esophagus Based on an Analysis of Lymph Node Metastasis Susumu Kawate,' Susumu Ohwada,'
More informationCharacteristics of intramural metastasis in gastric cancer. Tatsuya Hashimoto Kuniyoshi Arai Yuichi Yamashita Yoshiaki Iwasaki Tsunekazu
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Characteristics of intramural metastasis in gastric cancer Tatsuya Hashimoto Kuniyoshi Arai Yuichi Yamashita Yoshiaki Iwasaki Tsunekazu Hishima Author for correspondence: T. Hashimoto
More informationLymph node metastasis is one of the most important prognostic
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Comparison of Survival and Recurrence Pattern Between Two-Field and Three-Field Lymph Node Dissections for Upper Thoracic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Young Mog Shim, MD, Hong Kwan
More informationSurgical Problems in Proximal GI Cancer Management Cardia Tumours Question #1: What are cardia tumours?
Surgical Problems in Proximal GI Cancer Management Cardia Tumours Question #1: What are cardia tumours? Question #2: How are cardia tumours managed? Michael F. Humer December 3, 2005 Vancouver, BC Case
More informationComparison of Surgical Management of Thoracic Esophageal Carcinoma Between Two Referral Centers in Japan and China
Jpn J Clin Oncol 2001;31(5)203 208 Comparison of Surgical Management of Thoracic Esophageal Carcinoma Between Two Referral Centers in Japan and China Wentao Fang 1,HoichiKato 2, Wenhu Chen 1,YujiTachimori
More informationEsophageal cancer is a significant health hazard for
Postoperative Radiotherapy Improved Survival of Poor Prognostic Squamous Cell Carcinoma Esophagus GENERAL THORACIC Junqiang Chen, MD, Ji Zhu, MD, Jianji Pan, MD, Kunshou Zhu, MD, Xiongwei Zheng, MD, Mingqiang
More informationReceived 16 June 2001; received in revised form 13 September 2001; accepted 13 September 2001
European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery 20 (2001) 1089 1094 www.elsevier.com/locate/ejcts Clinicopathologic characteristics and survival of patients with clinical Stage I squamous cell carcinomas of
More informationClinicopathological characteristics and optimal management for esophagogastric junctional cancer; a single center retrospective cohort study
Ito et al. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2013, 32:2 RESEARCH Open Access Clinicopathological characteristics and optimal management for esophagogastric junctional cancer; a single
More informationOCCULT CERVICAL NODAL METASTASIS IN ESOPHAGEAL CANCER: PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THREE-FIELD LYMPHADENECTOMY
OCCULT CERVICAL NODAL METASTASIS IN ESOPHAGEAL CANCER: PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THREE-FIELD LYMPHADENECTOMY Nasser K. Altorki, MD David B. Skinner, MD The extent of lymphadenectomy for carcinoma of the thoracic
More informationMucosal Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Intramural Gastric Metastasis Invading Liver and Pancreas: A Case Report
Int Surg 2014;99:458 462 DOI: 10.9738/INTSURG-D-13-00069.1 Case Report Mucosal Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Intramural Gastric Metastasis Invading Liver and Pancreas: A Case Report Nobuhiro
More informationThree-field lymph node dissection in esophageal cancer surgery
Review Article Three-field lymph node dissection in esophageal cancer surgery Satoru Matsuda 1, Hiroya Takeuchi 1,2, Hirofumi Kawakubo 1, Yuko Kitagawa 1 1 Department of Surgery, Keio University School
More informationCase Scenario 1. The patient has now completed his neoadjuvant chemoradiation and has been cleared for surgery.
Case Scenario 1 July 10, 2010 A 67-year-old male with squamous cell carcinoma of the mid thoracic esophagus presents for surgical resection. The patient has completed preoperative chemoradiation. This
More informationQuiz Adenocarcinoma of the distal stomach has been increasing in the last 20 years. a. True b. False
Quiz 1 1. Which of the following are risk factors for esophagus cancer. a. Obesity b. Gastroesophageal reflux c. Smoking and Alcohol d. All of the above 2. Adenocarcinoma of the distal stomach has been
More informationAdenocarcinoma of gastro-esophageal junction - Case report
Case Report denocarcinoma of gastro-esophageal junction - Case report nupsingh Dhakre 1*, Ibethoi Yengkhom 2, Harshin Nagori 1, nup Kurele 1, Shreedevi. Patel 3 1 2 nd year Resident, 2 3rd year Resident,
More informationPrognostic factors in patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma staged pt 1-4a N 0 M 0 undergone esophagectomy with three-field lymphadenectomy
Original Article Page 1 of 7 Prognostic factors in patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma staged pt 1-4a N 0 M 0 undergone esophagectomy with three-field lymphadenectomy Xiaohui Chen 1, Junqiang Chen
More informationThree-Field Lymph Node Dissection for Squamous Cell and Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus
ANNALS OF SURGERY Vol. 236, No. 2, 177 183 2002 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. Three-Field Lymph Node Dissection for Squamous Cell and Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus Nasser Altorki, MD, Michael Kent,
More informationSuperior and Basal Segment Lung Cancers in the Lower Lobe Have Different Lymph Node Metastatic Pathways and Prognosis
ORIGINAL ARTICLES: Superior and Basal Segment Lung Cancers in the Lower Lobe Have Different Lymph Node Metastatic Pathways and Prognosis Shun-ichi Watanabe, MD, Kenji Suzuki, MD, and Hisao Asamura, MD
More informationSurgical strategies in esophageal cancer
Gastro-Conference Berlin 2005 October 1-2, 2005 Surgical strategies in esophageal cancer J. Rüdiger Siewert Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar Technische Universität München Esophageal Cancer
More informationThe right middle lobe is the smallest lobe in the lung, and
ORIGINAL ARTICLE The Impact of Superior Mediastinal Lymph Node Metastases on Prognosis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Located in the Right Middle Lobe Yukinori Sakao, MD, PhD,* Sakae Okumura, MD,* Mun Mingyon,
More informationEfficacy of intraoperative radiotherapy targeted to the abdominal lymph node area in patients with esophageal carcinoma
Journal of Radiation Research Advance Access published August 7, 2012 Journal of Radiation Research, 2012, 00, 1 10 doi: 10.1093/jrr/rrs045 Regular Paper Efficacy of intraoperative radiotherapy targeted
More informationChen et al. BMC Surgery 2014, 14:110
Chen et al. BMC Surgery 2014, 14:110 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Cervical lymph node metastasis classified as regional nodal staging in thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after radical esophagectomy
More informationPrognostic Significance of Extranodal Cancer Invasion of Mediastinal Lymph Nodes in Lung Cancer
Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol. 198, 1 (), 7-1 Prognostic Significance of Extranodal Cancer Invasion of Mediastinal Lymph Nodes in Lung Cancer KEIICHI SUEMASU, M.D. AND TSUGUO NARUKE, M.D. Department of Surgery,
More informationCorrespondence to: Jiankun Hu, MD, PhD. Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery; Institute of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of.
Original Article Comparison of survival outcomes between transthoracic and transabdominal surgical approaches in patients with Siewert-II/III esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma: a single-institution
More informationLymph node metastasis in gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma in male patients
Online Submissions: http://www.wjgnet.com/esps/ wjg@wjgnet.com doi:10.3748/wjg.v19.i37.6245 World J Gastroenterol 2013 October 7; 19(37): 6245-6257 ISSN 1007-9327 (print) ISSN 2219-2840 (online) 2013 Baishideng.
More informationYuji Tachimori. Introduction
Review Article Pattern of lymph node metastases of squamous cell esophageal cancer based on the anatomical lymphatic drainage system: efficacy of lymph node dissection according to tumor location Yuji
More informationThe present staging system for esophageal carcinoma
Esophageal Carcinoma: Depth of Tumor Invasion Is Predictive of Regional Lymph Node Status Thomas W. Rice, MD, Gregory Zuccaro, Jr, MD, David J. Adelstein, MD, Lisa A. Rybicki, MS, Eugene H. Blackstone,
More informationGTS. Abbreviation and Acronym UICC ¼ Union for International Cancer Control
General Thoracic Surgery Tachimori et al Supraclavicular node metastasis from thoracic esophageal carcinoma: A surgical series from a Japanese multi-institutional nationwide registry of esophageal cancer
More informationThe lymph nodes (LNs) around the recurrent laryngeal
GENERAL THORACIC A Strategy for Supraclavicular Lymph Node Dissection Using Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Lymph Node Status in Thoracic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Yusuke Taniyama, MD, Takanobu Nakamura,
More informationDetermining the Optimal Surgical Approach to Esophageal Cancer
Determining the Optimal Surgical Approach to Esophageal Cancer Amit Bhargava, MD Attending Thoracic Surgeon Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Open Esophagectomy versus Minimally Invasive
More informationControversies in management of squamous esophageal cancer
2015.06.12 12.47.48 Page 4(1) IS-1 Controversies in management of squamous esophageal cancer C S Pramesh Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, India In Asia, squamous
More informationEsophageal carcinoma is one of the most tedious
Subcarinal Node Metastasis in Thoracic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Jingeng Liu, MD,* YiHu,MD,* Xuan Xie, MD, and Jianhua Fu, MD Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University,
More informationClassification of Recurrent Esophageal Cancer after Radical Esophagectomy with Two- or Three-field Lymphadenectomy
Classification of Recurrent Esophageal Cancer after Radical Esophagectomy with Two- or Three-field Lymphadenectomy HIROYUKI KATO, MINORU FUKUCHI, TATSUYA MIYAZAKI, MASANOBU NAKAJIMA, HITOSHI KIMURA, AHMAD
More informationMetachronous pulmonary metastasis after radical esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: prognosis and outcome
Takemura et al. Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery 2012, 7:103 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Metachronous pulmonary metastasis after radical esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: prognosis and outcome Masashi
More informationHistopathology of Endoscopic Resection Specimens from Barrett's Esophagus
Histopathology of Endoscopic Resection Specimens from Barrett's Esophagus Br J Surg 38 oct. 1950 Definition of Barrett's esophagus A change in the esophageal epithelium of any length that can be recognized
More informationgastric cancer; lymph node dissection;
Yonago Acta Medica 18;61:175 181 Original Article Therapeutic Value of Lymph Node Dissection Along the Superior Mesenteric Vein and the Posterior Surface of the Pancreatic Head in Gastric Cancer Located
More informationREVIEW ARTICLE. Extended Esophagectomy With 3-Field Lymph Node Dissection for Esophageal Cancer
REVIEW ARTICLE Extended Esophagectomy With 3-Field Lymph Node Dissection for Esophageal Cancer Mitsuo Tachibana, MD; Shoichi Kinugasa, MD; Hiroshi Yoshimura, MD; Dipok Kumar Dhar, MD; Naofumi Nagasue,
More informationLimited en bloc Resection of the Gastroesophageal Junction with Isoperistaltic Jejunal Interposition
22 Limited en bloc Resection of the Gastroesophageal Junction with Isoperistaltic Jejunal Interposition J.R. Izbicki, W.T. Knoefel, D. C. Broering ] Indications Severe dysplasia in the distal esophagus
More informationRisk Factors for Para-aortic Lymph Node Metastasis of Gastric Cancer from a Randomized Controlled Trial of JCOG9501
Risk Factors for Para-aortic Lymph Node Metastasis of Gastric Cancer from a Randomized Controlled Trial of JCOG9501 Eiji Nomura 1, Mitsuru Sasako 2, Seiichiro Yamamoto 3, Takeshi Sano 2, Toshimasa Tsujinaka
More informationEsophageal cancer: Biology, natural history, staging and therapeutic options
EGEUS 2nd Meeting Esophageal cancer: Biology, natural history, staging and therapeutic options Michael Bau Mortensen MD, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Surgery Centre for Surgical Ultrasound, Upper GI Section,
More informationThe Royal Marsden. Surgery for Gastric and GE Junction Cancer: primary palliative when and where? William Allum Consultant Surgeon
The Royal Marsden Surgery for Gastric and GE Junction Cancer: primary palliative when and where? William Allum Consultant Surgeon Any surgeon can cure Surgeon - dependent No surgeon can cure EMR D2 GASTRECTOMY
More informationTheoretical therapeutic impact of lymph node dissection on adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma
Gastric Cancer (2016) 19:143 149 DOI 10.1007/s10120-014-0439-y ORIGINAL ARTICLE Theoretical therapeutic impact of lymph node dissection on adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagogastric
More informationClinicopathological Characteristics and Outcome Indicators of Stage II Gastric Cancer According to the Japanese Classification of Gastric Cancer
Clinicopathological Characteristics and Outcome Indicators of Stage II Gastric Cancer According to the Japanese Classification of Gastric Cancer HITOSHI OJIMA 1, KEN-ICHIRO ARAKI 1, TOSHIHIDE KATO 1, KAORI
More informationThe preferred treatment for carcinoma of the esophagus
PREOPERATIE EALUATION OF CARDIOPULMONARY RESERE WITH THE USE OF EXPIRED GAS ANALYSIS DURING EXERCISE TESTING IN PATIENTS WITH SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE THORACIC ESOPHAGUS Yoshinori Nagamatsu, MD a
More informationSuccessful Resection of Esophageal Carcinoma Associated with Double Aortic Arch: A Case Report
Successful Resection of Esophageal Carcinoma Associated with Double Aortic Arch: A Case Report NAOSHI KUBO 1, MASAICHI OHIRA 1, YOSHITO YAMASHITA 2, KATSUNOBU SAKURAI 1, HIROAKI TANAKA 1, KAZUYA MUGURUMA
More informationEsophageal cancer is one of the most malignant tumors,
Patterns of Lymph Node Metastasis and Survival for Upper Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Hee-Jin Jang, MD,* Hyun-Sung Lee, MD, PhD,* Moon Soo Kim, MD, Jong Mog Lee, MD, and Jae Ill Zo, MD, PhD Center
More informationHong-Yao Xu *, Sheng-Xi Wu, He-San Luo, Chu-Yun Chen, Lian-Xing Lin and He-Cheng Huang
Xu et al. Radiation Oncology (2018) 13:200 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13014-018-1145-4 RESEARCH Open Access Analysis of definitive chemo-radiotherapy for esophageal cancer with supra-clavicular node metastasis
More informationSurgical Significance of Superficial Cancer Spread in Early Gallbladder Cancer
Surgical Significance of Superficial Cancer Spread in Early Gallbladder Cancer Hidetoshi Eguchi 1, Osamu Ishikawa 1, Hiroaki Ohigashi 1, Tsutomu Kasugai 2, Shigekazu Yokoyama 3, Terumasa Yamada 1, Yuichiro
More informationSETTING Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. RESPONSIBLE PARTY Haiquan Chen MD.
OFFICIAL TITLE A Phase Ⅲ Study of Left Side Thoracotomy Approach (SweetProcedure) Versus Right Side Thoracotomy Plus Midline Laparotomy Approach (Ivor-Lewis Procedure) Esophagectomy in Middle or Lower
More informationYuanli Dong 1,2, Hui Guan 1,2, Wei Huang 1, Zicheng Zhang 1, Dongbo Zhao 3, Yang Liu 1,3, Tao Zhou 1, Baosheng Li 1.
Original Article Precise delineation of clinical target volume for crossingsegments thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma based on the pattern of lymph node metastases Yuanli Dong 1,2, Hui Guan 1,2,
More informationMichael A. Choti, MD, FACS Department of Surgery Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD
Michael A. Choti, MD, FACS Department of Surgery Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD Surgical Therapy of Gastric Cancer CLINICAL QUESTIONS 1. How much of the stomach should be removed? 2. How many lymph
More informationGastric Carcinoma in Young Adults. Hitoshi Katai, Mitsuru Sasako, Takeshi Sano and Keiichi Maruyama
Gastric Carcinoma in Adults Hitoshi Katai, Mitsuru Sasako, Takeshi Sano and Keiichi Maruyama Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo ' Among 4608 patients with gastric carcinoma
More informationPROPOSED REVISION OF THE STAGING CLASSIFICATION FOR ESOPHAGEAL CANCER
PROPOSED REVISION OF THE STAGING CLASSIFICATION FOR ESOPHAGEAL CANCER Robert J. Korst, MD a Valerie W. Rusch, MD a Ennapadam Venkatraman, PhD b Manjit S. Bains, MD a Michael E. Burt, MD, PhD a Robert J.
More informationPattern of lymphatic spread in thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A single-institution experience
GENERAL THORACIC SURGERY Pattern of lymphatic spread in thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A single-institution experience Bin Li, MD, a,b Haiquan Chen, MD, a,b Jiaqing Xiang, MD, a,b Yawei Zhang,
More informationdoi: /j.ijrobp
doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.08.037 Int. J. Radiation Oncology Biol. Phys., Vol. 82, No. 1, pp. 475 482, 2012 Copyright Ó 2012 Elsevier Inc. Printed in the USA. All rights reserved 0360-3016/$ - see front
More informationThe esophageal submucosal glands are considered to be a continuation
248 Significance of Involvement by Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Ducts of Esophageal Submucosal Glands Analysis of 201 Surgically Resected Superficial Squamous Cell Carcinomas Yusuke Tajima, M.D. 1,2
More informationPrognosis of Patients With Gastric Cancer Who Underwent Proximal Gastrectomy
Int Surg 2012;97:275 279 Prognosis of Patients With Gastric Cancer Who Underwent Proximal Gastrectomy Masahide Ikeguchi, Abdul Kader, Seigo Takaya, Youji Fukumoto, Tomohiro Osaki, Hiroaki Saito, Shigeru
More informationTumours of the Oesophagus & Gastro-Oesophageal Junction Histopathology Reporting Proforma
Tumours of the Oesophagus & Gastro-Oesophageal Junction Histopathology Reporting Proforma Mandatory questions (i.e. protocol standards) are in bold (e.g. S1.01). S1.01 Identification Family name Given
More informationJie Wu 1*, Qi-Xun Chen 1, Xing-Ming Zhou 1, Wei-Ming Mao 1 and Mark J Krasna 2
Wu et al. BMC Surgery 2014, 14:43 RESEARCH ARTICLE Does recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node metastasis really affect the prognosis in node-positive patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the middle
More informationKey words: gastric cancer, lymphovascular invasion, recurrence
Key words: gastric cancer, lymphovascular invasion, recurrence 139 (2177) Table I Relationship between clinicopathologic factors and lymphatic invasion in 2146 patients with gastric cancer Factors P-value
More information1. Epidemiology of Esophageal Cancer 2. Operative Strategies 3. Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy 4. Video
Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy Guilherme M Campos, MD, FACS Assistant Professor of Surgery Director G.I. Motility Center Director Bariatric Surgery Program University of California San Francisco ESOPHAGEAL
More informationIndex. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.
Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Adenocarcinoma, pancreatic ductal, laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy for, 61 Adrenal cortical carcinoma, laparoscopic adrenalectomy for, 114
More informationGeneral introduction and outline of thesis
General introduction and outline of thesis General introduction and outline of thesis 11 GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND OUTLINE OF THESIS The incidence of esophageal cancer is increasing in the western world.
More informationAdenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) remains a neoplasia. Lymph node involvement in advanced gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma
General Thoracic Surgery Pedrazzani et al Lymph node involvement in advanced gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma Corrado Pedrazzani, MD, a Giovanni de Manzoni, MD, b Daniele Marrelli, MD, a Simone
More informationPerigastric lymph node metastases in gastric cancer: comparison of different staging systems
Gastric Cancer (1999) 2: 201 205 Original article 1999 by International and Japanese Gastric Cancer Associations Perigastric lymph node metastases in gastric cancer: comparison of different staging systems
More informationPattern of Recurrence Following Complete Resection of Esophageal Carcinoma and Factors Predictive of Recurrent Disease
1616 Pattern of Recurrence Following Complete Resection of Esophageal Carcinoma and Factors Predictive of Recurrent Disease Christophe Mariette, M.D. 1,2 Jean-Michel Balon, M.D. 1 Guillaune Piessen, M.D.
More informationDetermining the optimal number of lymph nodes harvested during esophagectomy
Original Article Determining the optimal number of lymph nodes harvested during esophagectomy Khaldoun Almhanna, Jill Weber, Ravi Shridhar, Sarah Hoffe, Jonathan Strosberg, Kenneth Meredith Department
More informationEsophageal Cancer. Wesley A. Papenfuss MD FACS Surgical Oncology Aurora Cancer Care. David Demos MD Thoracic Surgery Aurora Cancer Care
Esophageal Cancer Wesley A. Papenfuss MD FACS Surgical Oncology Aurora Cancer Care David Demos MD Thoracic Surgery Aurora Cancer Care No Disclosures Learning Objectives Review the classification scheme
More informationImpact of esophageal cancer staging on overall survival and disease-free survival based on the 2010 AJCC classification by lymph nodes
Journal of Radiation Research, 2013, 54, 307 314 doi: 10.1093/jrr/rrs096 Advance Access Publication 2 November 2012 Impact of esophageal cancer staging on overall survival and disease-free survival based
More informationLung cancer is a major cause of cancer deaths worldwide.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Prognostic Factors in 3315 Completely Resected Cases of Clinical Stage I Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in Japan Teruaki Koike, MD,* Ryosuke Tsuchiya, MD, Tomoyuki Goya, MD, Yasunori Sohara,
More informationAbstracting Upper GI Cancer Incidence and Treatment Data Quiz 1 Multiple Primary and Histologies Case 1 Final Pathology:
Abstracting Upper GI Cancer Incidence and Treatment Data Quiz 1 Multiple Primary and Histologies Case 1 A 74 year old male with a history of GERD presents complaining of dysphagia. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy
More informationIn most Western countries, esophageal adenocarcinoma
Nodal Metastasis and Sites of Recurrence After En Bloc Esophagectomy for Adenocarcinoma Geoffrey W. B. Clark, FRCS(Ed), Jeffrey H. Peters, MD, Adrian P. Ireland, FRCS(I), Afshin Ehsan, BS, Jeffrey A. Hagen,
More informationSignificance of the lymph nodes in the 7th station in rational dissection for metastasis of distal gastric cancer with different T categories
Original Article Significance of the lymph nodes in the 7th station in rational dissection for metastasis of distal gastric cancer with different T categories Wu Song, Yulong He, Shaochuan Wang, Weiling
More informationExtracapsular lymph node involvement is a negative prognostic factor in T3 adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus and gastroesophageal junction
General Thoracic Surgery Extracapsular lymph node involvement is a negative prognostic factor in T3 adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus and gastroesophageal junction T. Lerut, MD, PhD, a W. Coosemans,
More informationPoor Prognosis of Advanced Gastric Cancer with Metastatic Suprapancreatic Lymph Nodes
Ann Surg Oncol (2013) 20:2290 2295 DOI 10.1245/s10434-012-2839-8 ORIGINAL ARTICLE GASTROINTESTINAL ONCOLOGY Poor Prognosis of Advanced Gastric Cancer with Metastatic Suprapancreatic Lymph Nodes Toru Kusano,
More informationResearch Article Analysis of Predictors for Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Superficial Esophageal Carcinoma
Gastroenterology Research and Practice Volume 2016, Article ID 3797615, 6 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3797615 Research Article Analysis of Predictors for Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with
More informationManagement of Esophageal Cancer: Evidence Based Review of Current Guidelines. Madhuri Rao, MD PGY-5 SUNY Downstate Medical Center
Management of Esophageal Cancer: Evidence Based Review of Current Guidelines Madhuri Rao, MD PGY-5 SUNY Downstate Medical Center Case Presentation 68 y/o male PMH: NIDDM, HTN, hyperlipidemia, CAD s/p stents,
More informationABSTRACT INTRODUCTION
/, 2017, Vol. 8, (No. 25), pp: 41563-41571 Proposed modifications of supraclavicular lymph node metastasis in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma staging system for improved survival stratification
More informationClinical Outcome of Reconstruction With Tissue Expanders for Patients With Breast Cancer and Mastectomy
Clinical Outcome of Reconstruction With Tissue Expanders for Patients With Breast Cancer and Mastectomy Mitsui Memorial Hospital Department of Breast and Endocine surgery Daisuke Ota No financial support
More informationRisk factors for lymph node metastasis in histologically poorly differentiated type early gastric cancer
498 Original article Risk factors for lymph node metastasis in histologically poorly differentiated type early gastric cancer Authors C. Kunisaki 1, M. Takahashi 2, Y. Nagahori 3, T. Fukushima 3, H. Makino
More informationSuccessful resection of pancreatic metastasis from oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature
Koizumi et al. BMC Cancer (2019) 19:320 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-019-5549-9 CASE REPORT Open Access Successful resection of pancreatic metastasis from oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a case
More informationParameters Linked to Ten-Year Survival in Japan of Resected Esophageal Carcinoma
Parameters Linked to Ten-Year Survival in Japan of Resected Esophageal Carcinoma Japanese Committee for Registration ofesophageal Carcinoma Cases Chairman: Toshifumi lizuka, M.D.* Members: Kaichi lsono,
More informationCOLLECTING CANCER DATA: STOMACH AND ESOPHAGUS
COLLECTING CANCER DATA: STOMACH AND ESOPHAGUS 2017 2018 NAACCR WEBINAR SERIES Q&A Please submit all questions concerning webinar content through the Q&A panel. Reminder: If you have participants watching
More informationCarcinogenesis and treatment of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and gastric cardia Hulscher, J.B.F.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Carcinogenesis and treatment of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and gastric cardia Hulscher, J.B.F. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Hulscher,
More informationDiagnosis and Surgical Outcomes for Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Esophagus: A Single-Center Experience
Diagnosis and Surgical Outcomes for Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Esophagus: A Single-Center Experience Shaohua Wang, MD, Yuji Tachimori, MD, Nobukazu Hokamura, MD, Hiroyasu Igaki, MD, Takayoshi Kishino,
More informationPOSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS OF TRANSTHORACIC ESOPHAGECTOMY FOR ESOPHAGEAL CARCINOMA
International International Multidisciplinary Multidisciplinary e Journal/ e-journal Dr. A. Razaque Shaikh, Dr. Khenpal Das, Dr Shahida Khatoon ISSN 2277. (133-140) - 4262 POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS OF
More informationClinical study on postoperative recurrence in patients with pn0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Guo et al. Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery 2014, 9:150 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Clinical study on postoperative recurrence in patients with pn0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Xu-feng Guo, Teng
More informationClassification of nodal stations in gastric cancer
Review Article Classification of nodal stations in gastric cancer Fausto Rosa 1, Guido Costamagna 2, Giovanni Battista Doglietto 1, Sergio Alfieri 1 1 Department of Digestive Surgery, 2 Department of Digestive
More informationChapter 8 Adenocarcinoma
Page 80 Chapter 8 Adenocarcinoma Overview In Japan, the proportion of squamous cell carcinoma among all cervical cancers has been declining every year. In a recent survey, non-squamous cell carcinoma accounted
More informationVariations in survival and perioperative complications between hospitals based on data from two phase III clinical trials for oesophageal cancer
Original article Variations in survival and perioperative complications between hospitals based on data from two phase III clinical trials for oesophageal cancer K. Kataoka 1, K. Nakamura 1, J. Mizusawa
More informationTumor location is a risk factor for lymph node metastasis in superficial Barrett s adenocarcinoma
Tumor location is a risk factor for lymph node metastasis in superficial Barrett s adenocarcinoma Authors Masayoshi Yamada 1,IchiroOda 1,HirohitoTanaka 1, Seiichiro Abe 1, Satoru Nonaka 1, Haruhisa Suzuki
More informationThe Learning Curve for Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy
The Learning Curve for Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy AATS Focus on Thoracic Surgery Mastering Surgical Innovation Las Vegas Nevada Oct. 27-28 2017 Scott J Swanson, M.D. Professor of Surgery Harvard
More informationCase Scenario year-old white male presented to personal physician with dyspepsia with reflux.
Case Scenario 1 57-year-old white male presented to personal physician with dyspepsia with reflux. 7/12 EGD: In the gastroesophageal junction we found an exophytic tumor. The tumor occupies approximately
More informationClinicopathologic and prognostic factors of young and elderly patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma: is there really a difference?
Diseases of the Esophagus (2008) 21, 596 600 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2008.00817.x Original article Clinicopathologic and prognostic factors of young and elderly patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma:
More informationGreater Manchester & Cheshire Guidelines for Pathology Reporting for Oesophageal and Gastric Malignancy
Greater Manchester & Cheshire Guidelines for Pathology Reporting for Oesophageal and Gastric Malignancy Authors: Dr Gordon Armstrong, Dr Sue Pritchard 1. General Comments 1.1 Cancer reporting: Biopsies
More informationXiang Hu*, Liang Cao*, Yi Yu. Introduction
Original Article Prognostic prediction in gastric cancer patients without serosal invasion: comparative study between UICC 7 th edition and JCGS 13 th edition N-classification systems Xiang Hu*, Liang
More informationItasu Ninomiya 1*, Koichi Okamoto 1, Tomoya Tsukada 1, Hiroto Saito 1, Sachio Fushida 1, Hiroko Ikeda 2 and Tetsuo Ohta 1
Ninomiya et al. Surgical Case Reports (2015) 1:25 DOI 10.1186/s40792-015-0030-8 CASE REPORT Open Access Thoracoscopic radical esophagectomy and laparoscopic transhiatal lymph node dissection for superficial
More informationLung cancer pleural invasion was recognized as a poor prognostic
Visceral pleural invasion classification in non small cell lung cancer: A proposal on the basis of outcome assessment Kimihiro Shimizu, MD a Junji Yoshida, MD a Kanji Nagai, MD a Mitsuyo Nishimura, MD
More informationRetrospectively analysis of the pathology and prognosis of 131 cases of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (Siewert type II/III)
Original Article Retrospectively analysis of the pathology and prognosis of 131 cases of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (Siewert type II/III) Zifeng Yang*, Junjiang Wang*, Deqing Wu, Jiabin
More informationAkiko Serizawa *, Kiyoaki Taniguchi, Takuji Yamada, Kunihiko Amano, Sho Kotake, Shunichi Ito and Masakazu Yamamoto
Serizawa et al. Surgical Case Reports (2018) 4:88 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40792-018-0494-4 CASE REPORT Successful conversion surgery for unresectable gastric cancer with giant paraaortic lymph node metastasis
More information