Principles of Cancer Biology and Therapy. Prof Dr Solange Peters, MD, PhD Cancer Center Lausanne Switzerland
|
|
- Christiana Ward
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Principles of Cancer Biology and Therapy Prof Dr Solange Peters, MD, PhD Cancer Center Lausanne Switzerland
2 Cancer is an umbrella term covering a plethora of conditions characterized by unscheduled and uncontrolled cellular proliferation Almost any mammalian organ and cell type can succumb to oncogenic transformation The causes of cancer are many and varied, and include genetic predisposition, environmental influences, infectious agents and ageing Transformation occurs by derailing a wide spectrum of effector pathways. Cancer complexity is what hampered the development of effective and specific cancer therapies
3 Cancer and Age Breast Colon ALL Testicular CNS NCCC
4 Cancer is a disease of extraordinary diversity In terms of cell types of origin organ sites
5 Nomenclature Benign Polyp Malignant Epithelial Carcinoma Mesenchyme Sarcoma Hematopoietic Leukemia Lymphoma Myeloma
6 Cancer is a disease of extraordinary diversity In terms of cell types of origin organ sites etiology
7 Etiology Systemic predisposition Inherited cancer syndromes p53, BRCA1 and 2, MMR Immune deficiency syndromes Inherited/Congenital or acquired Exposure Radiation (cosmic, fallout, radon) Chemotherapy (MDS) Viruses and bacteria EBV, HTLV-I/II, HIV, H. pylori Repeated injury (Acid reflux, hepatitis)
8 We show that the lifetime risk of cancers of many different types is strongly correlated (0.81) with the total number of divisions of the normal self-renewing cells maintaining that tissue s homeostasis. These results suggest that only a third of the variation in cancer risk among tissues is attributable to environmental factors or inherited predispositions. The majority is due to bad luck ( ). Tomassetti & Vogelstein, Science 2015
9 Mutations frequency varies according to cancer type Comprehensive catalogue of cancer genes throgh somatic point mutations in exome sequences from 4,742 human cancers and their matched normal-tissue samples across 21 cancer types Lawrence MS, et al. Nature
10 Melanomas and lung tumors display many more mutations than average, with~200 nonsynonymous mutations per tumor. These larger numbers reflect the involvement of potent mutagens. Accordingly, lung cancers from smokers have 10 times as many somatic mutations as those from nonsmokers. Vogelstein, Science 2013
11 Karyotype differences between a normal and cancer cell
12 Every cancer genome is uniquely altered from its host normal genome Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way. Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina Normal human genomes are all (mostly) alike; every cancer genome is abnormal in its own way. Each cancer genome has a unique set of genome alterations from its normal host These alterations, however, are not random but act in common pathways and mechanisms Matt Meyerson
13 WE have been studying oncogenes Oncogenes myc, ras, src, abl, bcl2 Tumor suppressor genes p53, Rb, APC, MEN1, NF1 MicroRNA Transcriptome control
14 The paradigm of drivers alterations: lung adenocarcinoma
15 Definition of drivers? Inducible expression of mutated HER2 (HER2YVMA): Rapid development/maintenance of adenosquamous lung tumors in mice Cre-mediated activation in lung indicate that (V600E)BRAF mutation can drive tumour initiation and that its primary effect is to induce high levels of cyclin D1- mediated cell proliferation Perera, PNAS 2009
16 Who to molecularely assess by targeted testing, evidence-based? NSCLC adeno EGFRm, ALKr, RETr, ROSr, HER2m, HER2a, BRAFm; METm, METa Melanoma BRAFm, (NRASm, KITm (a)?) Colorectal KRASm, NRASm, BRAFm GIST KITm, PDGFRαm Glioblastoma: MGMTmethyl Breast: HER2a, ERe, PRe Dermatofibrosarcoma: PDGFRβr Stomach: HER2a
17 Cancer is a disease of extraordinary diversity In terms of cell types of origin organ sites etiology systemic predisposition exposure oncogenes pathological effects on the body rate of progression and survival response to particular therapies
18 The Hallmarks of Cancer Hanahan & Weinberg (2011) Cell; Hanahan & Coussens (2012) Cancer Cell
19 Hallmarks as a cancer principle of organization Hanahan & Weinberg (2000, 2011)
20 Definition of Hallmarks of Cancer The hallmarks are acquired functional capabilities, that allow tumors to: Perform actions (functions) do so chronically coopting and corrupting otherwise carefully orchestrated actions of cells and organs in the body
21 First Hallmark of Cancer The accelerator; full speed ahead; signals for cells to to grow and divide with abandon
22 Second Hallmark of Cancer The brakes have failed; signals to STOP are lost
23 Third Hallmark of Cancer Avoiding assisted suicide of outlaw cells; Loss of the inborn willingness of cells to die for the benefit of the organism
24 The fourth hallmark Circumventing a counting mechanism that prevents continued cell division when a limit is reached
25 The fifth hallmark Turning on new blood vessel growth, to feed and nurture the growing mass of cancer cells
26 The sixth hallmark Cancer cells grow by migrating and invading into normal organs locally and throughout the body
27 And, in 2011, two emerging hallmarks
28 And, in 2011, two emerging hallmarks
29 Immune Surveillance of Tumours Sir Macfarlane Burnet, 1964 in animals,, inheritable genetic changes must be common in somatic cells and a proportion of these changes will represent a step toward malignancy. It is an evolutionary necessity that there should be some mechanism for eliminating or inactivating such potentially dangerous mutant cells and it is postulated that this mechanism is of immunological character.
30 How are these hallmark capabilities acquired? Via Enabling Characteristics Enabling Characteristics are not functional capabilities per se, i.e. they are not actions performed by cancer cells and cancerous lesions Rather, Enabling Characteristics are consequential effects, things that have happened to cancer cells and incipient lesions that facilitate acquisition of the hallmark capabilities
31 Two enabling characteristics for acquiring hallmarks The loss of mechanisms that maintain integrity of the genome, resulting in appearance of (rare) mutations
32 Two enabling characteristics for acquiring hallmarks Proliferative nests of cancer cells attract an inflammatory response by the immune system Inflammation that inadvertently includes immune cells that misdiagnose the lesion as a wound to be healed, and thereby assist in hallmark capabilities
33 Tumors are complex association of cell types similar to an individual organ
34 Tumors are composed of an assemblage of cell types that communicate and collaborate
35 Tumors are composed of an assemblage of cell types that communicate and collaborate Cancer Cell (CC) Invasive Cancer Cell
36 Tumors are composed of an assemblage of cell types that communicate and collaborate Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) Cancer Cell (CC) Invasive Cancer Cell
37 Tumors are composed of an assemblage of cell types that communicate and collaborate Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) Cancer Cell (CC) Endothelial Cell (EC) Invasive Cancer Cell
38 Tumors are composed of an assemblage of cell types that communicate and collaborate Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) Cancer Cell (CC) Endothelial Cell (EC) Pericyte (PC) Invasive Cancer Cell
39 Tumors are composed of an assemblage of cell types that communicate and collaborate Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) Cancer-Associated Fibroblast (CAF) Cancer Cell (CC) Endothelial Cell (EC) Pericyte (PC) Invasive Cancer Cell
40 Tumors are composed of an assemblage of cell types that communicate and collaborate Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) Cancer-Associated Fibroblast (CAF) Cancer Cell (CC) Tumor-Promoting Inflammatory Cells (TPIC) Endothelial Cell (EC) Pericyte (PC) Invasive Cancer Cell
41 Multiple normal cell types are recruited to be components of tumors, helping to provide hallmark capabilities Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) Cancer-Associated Fibroblast (CAF) Cancer Cell (CC) Tumor-Promoting Inflammatory Cells (TPIC) Endothelial Cell (EC) Pericyte (PC) Invasive Cancer Cell
42 Stromal cells functionally contribute to 7 of 8 hallmarks Hanahan & Coussens (2012) Cancer Cell
43 Hallmarks : Applications to Cancer Medicine?
44 Finn et al BMC Medicine 2012 Remarkable responses in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with the B-Raf inhibitor vemurafenib
45 Remarkable, but often transitory responses in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with the B-Raf inhibitor vemurafenib Finn et al BMC Medicine 2012
46 Remarkable responses in patients with metastatic NSCLC treated with the ALK inhibitor crizotinib Median PFS is ~8 10 months Emergence of resistant clonogens Pre-crizotinib 2 months on crizotinib Targeting individual hallmark capabilities is not working so well (EGFR, ALK, BRAF, anti-angiogenesis)
47 What about hitting individual hallmarks at multiple nodes? 2012
48 Maybe by co-targeting multiple hallmarks, it will be difficult for tumors to adapt, resulting in more enduring responses? B-Raf inhibitor
49 Additional complexity Changes in Clonal Composition over Time Aparicio S, Caldas C. N Engl J Med 2013;368:
50 Cortesy of Charles Swanton
51 Phylogenetic trees of the patient's tumor over the course of therapy. Crispin T. Hiley, and Charles Swanton Cancer Discov 2016;6:
52 Fig. 1 Heterogeneity and prognostic value of neoantigen landscape in primary NSCLC. Nicholas McGranahan et al. Science 2016;science.aaf1490 Published by AAAS
53 Thanks to Doug Hanahan Thanks for your attention
Cancer Genetics. What is Cancer? Cancer Classification. Medical Genetics. Uncontrolled growth of cells. Not all tumors are cancerous
Session8 Medical Genetics Cancer Genetics J avad Jamshidi F a s a U n i v e r s i t y o f M e d i c a l S c i e n c e s, N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 7 What is Cancer? Uncontrolled growth of cells Not all tumors
More information- A cancer is an uncontrolled, independent proliferation of robust, healthy cells.
1 Cancer A. What is it? - A cancer is an uncontrolled, independent proliferation of robust, healthy cells. * In some the rate is fast; in others, slow; but in all cancers the cells never stop dividing.
More informationDeregulation of signal transduction and cell cycle in Cancer
Deregulation of signal transduction and cell cycle in Cancer Tuangporn Suthiphongchai, Ph.D. Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science, Mahidol University Email: tuangporn.sut@mahidol.ac.th Room Pr324
More informationShould novel molecular therapies replace old knowledge of clinical tumor biology?
Should novel molecular therapies replace old knowledge of clinical tumor biology? Danai Daliani, M.D. Director, 1 st Oncology Clinic Euroclinic of Athens Cancer Treatments Localized disease Surgery XRT
More informationCancer genetics
Cancer genetics General information about tumorogenesis. Cancer induced by viruses. The role of somatic mutations in cancer production. Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes (TSG). Hereditary cancer. 1
More informationGlioblastoma pathophysiology: or a
Glioblastoma pathophysiology: A or a? M.J. van den Bent The Brain Tumor Center at Erasmus MC Cancer Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands Pathophysiology: pathophysiology seeks to explain the physiological
More informationCancer and Gene Alterations - 1
Cancer and Gene Alterations - 1 Cancer and Gene Alteration As we know, cancer is a disease of unregulated cell growth. Although we looked at some of the features of cancer when we discussed mitosis checkpoints,
More information- is a common disease - 1 person in 3 can expect to contract cancer at some stage in their life -1 person in 5 can expect to die from it
MBB157 Dr D Mangnall The Molecular Basis of Disease CANCER Lecture 1 One of the simpler (and better) definitions of cancer comes from the American Cancer Society, who define cancer as; 'Cancer is a group
More informationCancer 101 Spring Family Cancer Retreat 4/18/15. Amish Shah, M.D. New Mexico Cancer Center
Cancer 101 Spring Family Cancer Retreat 4/18/15 Amish Shah, M.D. New Mexico Cancer Center Topics to cover What is Cancer? Screening Diagnosis/Staging Treatment Basics Clinical Trials Surveillance What
More informationKaryotype analysis reveals transloction of chromosome 22 to 9 in CML chronic myelogenous leukemia has fusion protein Bcr-Abl
Chapt. 18 Cancer Molecular Biology of Cancer Student Learning Outcomes: Describe cancer diseases in which cells no longer respond Describe how cancers come from genomic mutations (inherited or somatic)
More informationBiochemistry of Carcinogenesis. Lecture # 35 Alexander N. Koval
Biochemistry of Carcinogenesis Lecture # 35 Alexander N. Koval What is Cancer? The term "cancer" refers to a group of diseases in which cells grow and spread unrestrained throughout the body. It is difficult
More informationCell Death and Cancer. SNC 2D Ms. Papaiconomou
Cell Death and Cancer SNC 2D Ms. Papaiconomou How do cells die? Necrosis Death due to unexpected and accidental cell damage. This is an unregulated cell death. Causes: toxins, radiation, trauma, lack of
More information21ST CENTURY MEDICINE
21ST CENTURY MEDICINE TODAY S RESEARCH, TOMORROW S HEALTHCARE SYDNEY MEDICAL SCHOOL CO-PRESENTED WITH SYDNEY IDEAS ROGER REDDEL CURING CANCER: ARE WE NEARLY THERE YET? 21ST CENTURY MEDICINE TODAY S RESEARCH,
More informationBiology Based Cancer Interception
Biology Based Cancer Interception Waun Ki Hong, M.D. American Cancer Society Professor Former Head Division of Cancer Medicine UT MD Anderson Cancer Center Disclosures SAB : Janssen,Medimmune,Molecular
More informationIntroduction. Cancer Biology. Tumor-suppressor genes. Proto-oncogenes. DNA stability genes. Mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
Cancer Biology Chapter 18 Eric J. Hall., Amato Giaccia, Radiobiology for the Radiologist Introduction Tissue homeostasis depends on the regulated cell division and self-elimination (programmed cell death)
More informationPATHOBIOLOGY OF NEOPLASIA
PATHOBIOLOGY OF NEOPLASIA Department of Pathology Gadjah Mada University School of Medicine dr. Harijadi Blok Biomedis, 6 Maret 2009 [12] 3/17/2009 1 The pathobiology of neoplasia Normal cells Malignant
More informationCarcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis. 1. Basic principles 2. 6 hallmark features 3. Abnormal cell proliferation: mechanisms 4. Carcinogens: examples
Carcinogenesis 1. Basic principles 2. 6 hallmark features 3. Abnormal cell proliferation: mechanisms 4. Carcinogens: examples Major Principles (cont d) 4. Principle targets of genetic damage: 4 classes
More informationDevelopment of Carcinoma Pathways
The Construction of Genetic Pathway to Colorectal Cancer Moriah Wright, MD Clinical Fellow in Colorectal Surgery Creighton University School of Medicine Management of Colon and Diseases February 23, 2019
More informationCANCER. Inherited Cancer Syndromes. Affects 25% of US population. Kills 19% of US population (2nd largest killer after heart disease)
CANCER Affects 25% of US population Kills 19% of US population (2nd largest killer after heart disease) NOT one disease but 200-300 different defects Etiologic Factors In Cancer: Relative contributions
More informationSection D: The Molecular Biology of Cancer
CHAPTER 19 THE ORGANIZATION AND CONTROL OF EUKARYOTIC GENOMES Section D: The Molecular Biology of Cancer 1. Cancer results from genetic changes that affect the cell cycle 2. Oncogene proteins and faulty
More informationInflammatory Cells and Metastasis
Inflammatory Cells and Metastasis Experimentelle Krebsforschung SS 07 Gerhard Christofori Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics Department of Clinical-Biological Sciences Center of Biomedicine University
More informationBIT 120. Copy of Cancer/HIV Lecture
BIT 120 Copy of Cancer/HIV Lecture Cancer DEFINITION Any abnormal growth of cells that has malignant potential i.e.. Leukemia Uncontrolled mitosis in WBC Genetic disease caused by an accumulation of mutations
More informationTransformation of Normal HMECs (Human Mammary Epithelial Cells) into Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells: Introduction - The Broad Picture:
Transformation of Normal HMECs (Human Mammary Epithelial Cells) into Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells: Introduction - The Broad Picture: Spandana Baruah December, 2016 Cancer is defined as: «A disease caused
More information1. Basic principles 2. 6 hallmark features 3. Abnormal cell proliferation: mechanisms 4. Carcinogens: examples. Major Principles:
Carcinogenesis 1. Basic principles 2. 6 hallmark features 3. Abnormal cell proliferation: mechanisms 4. Carcinogens: examples Carcinogenesis Major Principles: 1. Nonlethal genetic damage is central to
More informationCancer. The fundamental defect is. unregulated cell division. Properties of Cancerous Cells. Causes of Cancer. Altered growth and proliferation
Cancer The fundamental defect is unregulated cell division. Properties of Cancerous Cells Altered growth and proliferation Loss of growth factor dependence Loss of contact inhibition Immortalization Alterated
More informationCancer arises from the mutation of a normal gene. A factor which brings about a mutation is called a mutagen.
Cancer Single cells divide by mitosis to form many cells. This cells undergo physical and chemical changes in order to perform specific functions. (we say the cells have Differentiated) in this way we
More informationoncogenes-and- tumour-suppressor-genes)
Special topics in tumor biochemistry oncogenes-and- tumour-suppressor-genes) Speaker: Prof. Jiunn-Jye Chuu E-Mail: jjchuu@mail.stust.edu.tw Genetic Basis of Cancer Cancer-causing mutations Disease of aging
More informationCancer and Oncogenes Bioscience in the 21 st Century. Linda Lowe-Krentz
Cancer and Oncogenes Bioscience in the 21 st Century Linda Lowe-Krentz December 1, 2010 Just a Few Numbers Becoming Cancer Genetic Defects Drugs Our friends and family 25 More mutations as 20 you get older
More informationOsamu Tetsu, MD, PhD Associate Professor Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery School of Medicine, University of California, San
Osamu Tetsu, MD, PhD Associate Professor Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco Lung Cancer Classification Pathological Classification
More informationThe Hallmarks of Cancer
The Hallmarks of Cancer Theresa L. Hodin, Ph.D. Clinical Research Services Theresa.Hodin@RoswellPark.org Hippocrates Cancer surgery, circa 1689 Cancer Surgery Today 1971: Nixon declares War on Cancer
More informationRare Cancers. Andrew J. Wagner, MD, PhD Center for Sarcoma and Bone Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Sarcoma Patient Symposium October 15, 2017
Rare Cancers Andrew J. Wagner, MD, PhD Center for Sarcoma and Bone Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Sarcoma Patient Symposium October 15, 2017 Why should we care about Rare Cancers? Raise your hand
More informationOverview of the core ideas in cancer research
Overview of the core ideas in cancer research Paul Edwards Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge This lecture Overview of the ideas that provide the
More informationPart I. An Introduction to Cancer
Part I An Introduction to Cancer 2 Chapter 1 Cancer: Descriptive Overview Cancer is a disease in which cells propagate uncontrollably. These cells can come from many different parts of the body and the
More informationHarmesh Naik, MD. Hope Cancer Clinic PERSONALIZED CANCER TREATMENT USING LATEST IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Harmesh Naik, MD. Hope Cancer Clinic PERSONALIZED CANCER TREATMENT USING LATEST IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY A NEW GENE A DAY.WHILE YOU ARE ENJOYING MORNING COFFEE From cancer.gov GOALS FOR THE CME TODAY A brief
More informationLecture 1: Carcinogenesis
Lecture 1: Carcinogenesis Anti-cancer (oncology agents): These are perhaps the most dangerous of drugs, other than the narcotic analgesics. This is due to their toxicities. Killing or inhibiting cancer
More informationnumber Done by Corrected by Doctor Maha Shomaf
number 19 Done by Waseem Abo-Obeida Corrected by Abdullah Zreiqat Doctor Maha Shomaf Carcinogenesis: the molecular basis of cancer. Non-lethal genetic damage lies at the heart of carcinogenesis and leads
More informationTargeting Oncogenic Drivers
Targeting Oncogenic Drivers Yujie Zhao Alex A. Adjei Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, N.Y., USA Abstract Cancer is a genetic disease caused by a series of somatic and/or
More informationCANCER Uncontrolled Cell Division
CANCER Uncontrolled Cell Division What is cancer? Why does it occur? Where does it occur? Benign vs. Malignant? Types of Cancer (3 main groups) There are over 200 different types of cancer 1) Carcinomas
More informationInstitute of Radiation Biology. Oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes DoReMi Course 2014
Institute of Radiation Biology Oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes DoReMi Course 2014 Hippocrates: Cause is systemic excess of black humor. Paracelsus challenges the humor theory. Suggests external
More informationCancer. Questions about cancer. What is cancer? What causes unregulated cell growth? What regulates cell growth? What causes DNA damage?
Questions about cancer What is cancer? Cancer Gil McVean, Department of Statistics, Oxford What causes unregulated cell growth? What regulates cell growth? What causes DNA damage? What are the steps in
More informationCancer and Oncogenes Bioscience in the 21 st Century. Linda Lowe-Krentz October 11, 2013
Cancer and Oncogenes Bioscience in the 21 st Century Linda Lowe-Krentz October 11, 2013 Just a Few Numbers Becoming Cancer Genetic Defects Drugs Our friends and family 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40
More informationTumour Structure and Nomenclature. Paul Edwards. Department of Pathology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge
Tumour Structure and Nomenclature Paul Edwards Department of Pathology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge Malignant Metastasis Core idea of cancer Normal Cell Slightly
More informationNext Generation Sequencing in Clinical Practice: Impact on Therapeutic Decision Making
Next Generation Sequencing in Clinical Practice: Impact on Therapeutic Decision Making November 20, 2014 Capturing Value in Next Generation Sequencing Symposium Douglas Johnson MD, MSCI Vanderbilt-Ingram
More informationThe Future of Cancer. Lawrence Tsui Global Risk Products Actuary Swiss Reinsurance Company Hong Kong. Session Number: WBR8
Lawrence Tsui Global Risk Products Actuary Swiss Reinsurance Company Hong Kong Session Number: WBR8 Agenda Cancer the basics Cancer past and present Cancer the future CANCER THE BASICS Cancer the basics
More informationLecture 8 Neoplasia II. Dr. Nabila Hamdi MD, PhD
Lecture 8 Neoplasia II Dr. Nabila Hamdi MD, PhD ILOs Understand the definition of neoplasia. List the classification of neoplasia. Describe the general characters of benign tumors. Understand the nomenclature
More informationVIII Curso Internacional del PIRRECV. Some molecular mechanisms of cancer
VIII Curso Internacional del PIRRECV Some molecular mechanisms of cancer Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Centro FONDAP Estudios Moleculares de la Celula (CEMC), ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad
More informationCancer Awareness Talk ICPAK 2014
Cancer Awareness Talk ICPAK 2014 F. Chite Asirwa, MB ChB. MD. MSc. Internist. Medical Oncologist & Hematologist Asst. Professor of Medicine Division of Hematology/Oncology Indiana University Email: fasirwa@iu.edu
More informationnumber Done by Corrected by Doctor مها شوماف
number 15 Done by Ali Yaghi Corrected by Waseem Alhaj Doctor مها شوماف 1 P a g e Epidemiology Epidemiology is the study of the incidence of a disease. It can give us information about the possible causes
More informationRegarding techniques of proteomics, there is:
Molecular الحلقة biology 14 واألخيرة To put you back in the context; the discussion was about Trancriptomics (the study of transcription). The following topic will be PROTEOMICS, which is the study of
More informationInnate Immunity and Inflammation
SITC Primer on Tumor Immunology and Biological Therapy of Cancer Innate Immunity and Inflammation Willem Overwijk, Ph.D. MD Anderson Cancer Center Center for Cancer Immunology Research Houston, TX www.allthingsbeautiful.com
More information2013 Holiday Lectures on Science Medicine in the Genomic Era
This educator guide provides support for two Cancer Discovery activities, both based on a Howard Hughes Medical Institute 2013 Holiday Lectures on Science video featuring researcher Dr. Charles L. Sawyers.
More informationCancer. The fundamental defect is. unregulated cell division. Properties of Cancerous Cells. Causes of Cancer. Altered growth and proliferation
Cancer The fundamental defect is unregulated cell division. Properties of Cancerous Cells Altered growth and proliferation Loss of growth factor dependence Loss of contact inhibition Immortalization Alterated
More informationNeoplasia part I. Dr. Mohsen Dashti. Clinical Medicine & Pathology nd Lecture
Neoplasia part I By Dr. Mohsen Dashti Clinical Medicine & Pathology 316 2 nd Lecture Lecture outline Review of structure & function. Basic definitions. Classification of neoplasms. Morphologic features.
More informationMultistep nature of cancer development. Cancer genes
Multistep nature of cancer development Phenotypic progression loss of control over cell growth/death (neoplasm) invasiveness (carcinoma) distal spread (metastatic tumor) Genetic progression multiple genetic
More informationNew Developments in Cancer Treatment. Ian Rabinowitz MD
New Developments in Cancer Treatment Ian Rabinowitz MD Treatment Outline Angiogenesis inhibition Targeted therapy Immunotherapy Personalization of therapy Genomics and cancer Stem cells and cancer Angiogenesis
More informationBenefits of Genomic Medicine: What to Tell the Patient
Benefits of Genomic Medicine: What to Tell the Patient Christine H. Chung, M.D. Associate Professor of Oncology Director, HNC Therapeutics Program Johns Hopkins University No Conflict of Interest to Disclose
More informationNeoplasia 18 lecture 6. Dr Heyam Awad MD, FRCPath
Neoplasia 18 lecture 6 Dr Heyam Awad MD, FRCPath ILOS 1. understand the role of TGF beta, contact inhibition and APC in tumorigenesis. 2. implement the above knowledge in understanding histopathology reports.
More informationBY Mrs. K.SHAILAJA., M. PHARM., LECTURER DEPT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, SRM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
BY Mrs. K.SHAILAJA., M. PHARM., LECTURER DEPT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, SRM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY Cancer is a group of more than 100 different diseases that are characterized by uncontrolled cellular growth,
More informationCELL BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH CANCER.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: OVERVIEW OF CANCER Cancer is a disease which is primarily caused from misregulated cell division, which form There are two types of tumors - Benign tumors remain confined
More informationChapter 12. Regulation of Cell Division. AP Biology
Chapter 12. Regulation of Cell Division Coordination of cell division! Multicellular organism " need to coordinate across different parts of organism! timing of cell division! rates of cell division "
More informationIntroduction to Cancer Bioinformatics and cancer biology. Anthony Gitter Cancer Bioinformatics (BMI 826/CS 838) January 20, 2015
Introduction to Cancer Bioinformatics and cancer biology Anthony Gitter Cancer Bioinformatics (BMI 826/CS 838) January 20, 2015 Why cancer bioinformatics? Devastating disease, no cure on the horizon Major
More informationOverview of Cancer. Mylene Freires Advanced Nurse Practitioner, Haematology
Overview of Cancer Mylene Freires Advanced Nurse Practitioner, Haematology Aim of the Presentation Review basic concepts of cancer Gain some understanding of the socio-economic impact of cancer Order of
More informationLESSON 3.2 WORKBOOK. How do normal cells become cancer cells? Workbook Lesson 3.2
For a complete list of defined terms, see the Glossary. Transformation the process by which a cell acquires characteristics of a tumor cell. LESSON 3.2 WORKBOOK How do normal cells become cancer cells?
More informationMolecular Biology of Cancer. Code: ECTS Credits: 6. Degree Type Year Semester
2017/2018 Molecular Biology of Cancer Code: 100863 ECTS Credits: 6 Degree Type Year Semester 2500252 Biochemistry OT 4 0 Contact Name: Carles Arús Caralto Email: Carles.Arus@uab.cat Other comments on languages
More informationChapter 9, Part 1: Biology of Cancer and Tumor Spread
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Name Chapter 9, Part 1: Biology of Cancer and Tumor Spread I. Cancer Characteristics and Terminology Neoplasm new growth, involves the overgrowth of tissue to form a neoplastic mass (tumor).
More informationChapt 15: Molecular Genetics of Cell Cycle and Cancer
Chapt 15: Molecular Genetics of Cell Cycle and Cancer Student Learning Outcomes: Describe the cell cycle: steps taken by a cell to duplicate itself = cell division; Interphase (G1, S and G2), Mitosis.
More informationRegulation of Cell Division. AP Biology
Regulation of Cell Division 2006-2007 Coordination of cell division A multicellular organism needs to coordinate cell division across different tissues & organs critical for normal growth, development
More informationMolecular Biology of Cancer. Code: ECTS Credits: 6. Degree Type Year Semester
2018/2019 Molecular Biology of Cancer Code: 100863 ECTS Credits: 6 Degree Type Year Semester 2500252 Biochemistry OT 4 0 Contact Name: Carles Arús Caralto Email: Carles.Arus@uab.cat Other comments on languages
More informationA class of genes that normally suppress cell proliferation. p53 and Rb..ect. suppressor gene products can release cells. hyperproliferation.
Tumor Suppressor Genes A class of genes that normally suppress cell proliferation. p53 and Rb..ect Mutations that inactivate the tumor suppressor gene products can release cells from growth suppression
More informationBackgrounder. 1. What are targeted therapies? 2. How do targeted therapies work?
Backgrounder TARGETED THERAPIES FOR CANCER 1. What are targeted therapies? 2. How do targeted therapies work? 3. What are some of the different types of targeted therapy? 4. What are the potential benefits
More informationCOURSE: Medical Microbiology, PAMB 650/720 - Fall 2008 Lecture 16
COURSE: Medical Microbiology, PAMB 650/720 - Fall 2008 Lecture 16 Tumor Immunology M. Nagarkatti Teaching Objectives: Introduction to Cancer Immunology Know the antigens expressed by cancer cells Understand
More informationLecture 1: Carcinogenesis
Lecture 1: Carcinogenesis Anti-cancer (oncology agents): These are perhaps the most dangerous of drugs, other than the narcotic analgesics. This is due to their toxicities. Killing or inhibiting cancer
More informationOncogenes and Tumor Suppressors MCB 5068 November 12, 2013 Jason Weber
Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressors MCB 5068 November 12, 2013 Jason Weber jweber@dom.wustl.edu Oncogenes & Cancer DNA Tumor Viruses Simian Virus 40 p300 prb p53 Large T Antigen Human Adenovirus p300 E1A
More informationNEOPLASIA! Terminology and Classification of Neoplastic cells! Objectives: Asst. Prof. Prasit Suwannalert, Ph.D. Leading Questions
NEOPLASIA! Asst. Prof. Prasit Suwannalert, Ph.D. (Email: prasit.suw@mahidol.ac.th)! Department of Pathobiology Faculty of Science, Mahidol University! Objectives: After learning, students should be able
More informationInnate Immunity, Inflammation and Cancer
Innate Immunity, Inflammation and Cancer Willem Overwijk, Ph.D. Melanoma Medical Oncology Center for Cancer Immunology Research MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX SITC/MDACC -6/14/2013 www.allthingsbeautiful.com
More information7/6/2015. Cancer Related Deaths: United States. Management of NSCLC TODAY. Emerging mutations as predictive biomarkers in lung cancer: Overview
Emerging mutations as predictive biomarkers in lung cancer: Overview Kirtee Raparia, MD Assistant Professor of Pathology Cancer Related Deaths: United States Men Lung and bronchus 28% Prostate 10% Colon
More informationLiver Cancer. Su Jong Yu, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine
Liver Cancer Su Jong Yu, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine Primary Liver Cancer Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) : > 80% Derived
More informationRegulation of Cell Division (Ch. 12)
Regulation of Cell Division (Ch. 12) Coordination of cell division A multicellular organism needs to coordinate cell division across different tissues & organs critical for normal growth, development &
More informationBiology of Cancer Carcinogenesis Detection Prevention. Kerry Hennessy MSN, RN, AOCN
Biology of Cancer Carcinogenesis Detection Prevention Kerry Hennessy MSN, RN, AOCN The Impact of Cancer Cancer is a major public health problem. One in four U.S. deaths due to cancer.* Cancer has surpassed
More informationCurrent and future applications of Molecular Pathology. Kathy Walsh Clinical Scientist NHS Lothian
Current and future applications of Molecular Pathology Kathy Walsh Clinical Scientist NHS Lothian Molecular Pathology in Solid tumours Cancer type Genes tested Purpose Associated treatments Non small cell
More information6/8/17. Genetics 101. Professor, College of Medicine. President & Chief Medical Officer. Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer 2017
Genetics 101 Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer 2017 Rebecca Sutphen, MD, FACMG Professor, College of Medicine President & Chief Medical Officer INVASIVE CANCER GENETICALLY ALTERED CELL HYPERPLASIA DYSPLASIA
More informationLung Cancer Genetics: Common Mutations and How to Treat Them David J. Kwiatkowski, MD, PhD. Mount Carrigain 2/4/17
Lung Cancer Genetics: Common Mutations and How to Treat Them David J. Kwiatkowski, MD, PhD Mount Carrigain 2/4/17 Histology Adenocarcinoma: Mixed subtype, acinar, papillary, solid, micropapillary, lepidic
More informationB Breast cancer, managing risk of lobular, in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer, 51
Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Adenocarcinoma, gastric. See also Gastric cancer. D2 nodal dissection for 57 70 Adjuvant therapy, for gastric cancer, impact of D2 dissection
More informationNGS in Cancer Pathology After the Microscope: From Nucleic Acid to Interpretation
NGS in Cancer Pathology After the Microscope: From Nucleic Acid to Interpretation Michael R. Rossi, PhD, FACMG Assistant Professor Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology Department
More informationDr C K Kwan. Associate Consultant, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, HKSAR Honorary member, Targeted Therapy Team, ICR, UK
HA Convention 2013 Dr C K Kwan MBChB, FRCR, FHKCR, FHKAM, MPM, CPI, MAppMgt(Hlth) Associate Consultant, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, HKSAR Honorary member, Targeted Therapy Team, ICR, UK To personalize cancer
More information1.Basis of resistance 2.Mechanisms of resistance 3.How to overcome resistance. 13/10/2017 Sara Redaelli
Dott.ssa Sara Redaelli 13/10/2017 1.Basis of resistance 2.Mechanisms of resistance 3.How to overcome resistance Tumor Heterogeneity: Oncogenic Drivers in NSCLC The Promise of Genotype-Directed Therapy
More informationMolecular biology :- Cancer genetics lecture 11
Molecular biology :- Cancer genetics lecture 11 -We have talked about 2 group of genes that is involved in cellular transformation : proto-oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes, and it isn t enough to
More informationMolecular and Cell Biology of Cancer. Code: ECTS Credits: 6. Degree Type Year Semester Biomedical Sciences OT 4 0
2017/2018 Molecular and Cell Biology of Cancer Code: 101897 ECTS Credits: 6 Degree Type Year Semester 2501230 Biomedical Sciences OT 4 0 Contact Name: Carles Arús Caralto Email: Carles.Arus@uab.cat Other
More informationMohammed El-Khateeb. Tumor Genetics. MGL-12 July 21 st 2013 台大農藝系遺傳學 Chapter 22 slide 1
Mohammed El-Khateeb Tumor Genetics MGL-12 July 21 st 2013 台大農藝系遺傳學 601 20000 Chapter 22 slide 1 Cellular Basis of Cancer Cancer is a collection of diseases characterized by abnormal and uncontrolled growth
More informationNEOPLASIA! Terminology and Classification of Neoplastic cells! Asst. Prof. Prasit Suwannalert, Ph.D. Objectives:
NEOPLASIA! Asst. Prof. Prasit Suwannalert, Ph.D. (SCPA 202: Feb 20, 2018) (Email: prasit.suw@mahidol.ac.th)! Department of Pathobiology Faculty of Science, Mahidol University! 1! Topic: Neoplasia Lecturer
More informationHuman Lung Cancer Pathology and Cellular Biology Mouse Lung Tumor Workshop
Human Lung Cancer Pathology and Cellular Biology Mouse Lung Tumor Workshop Jan 7 th and 8 th, 2014 Brigitte Gomperts, MD University of California, Los Angeles Lung Structure and Function Airway Epithelial
More informationHistorical overview of immunotherapy
Historical overview of immunotherapy Before introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors John B.A.G. Haanen, MD PhD My Disclosures I have provided consultation, attended advisory boards, and/or provided
More informationAllinaHealthSystems 1
Overview Biology and Introduction to the Genetics of Cancer Denise Jones, MS, CGC Certified Genetic Counselor Virginia Piper Cancer Service Line I. Our understanding of cancer the historical perspective
More informationActivation of cellular proto-oncogenes to oncogenes. How was active Ras identified?
Dominant Acting Oncogenes Eugene E. Marcantonio, M.D. Ph.D. Oncogenes are altered forms of normal cellular genes called proto-oncogenes that are involved in pathways regulating cell growth, differentiation,
More informationSection D. Genes whose Mutation can lead to Initiation
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License. Your use of this material constitutes acceptance of that license and the conditions of use of materials on this
More informationWhat All of Us Should Know About Cancer and Genetics
What All of Us Should Know About Cancer and Genetics Beth A. Pletcher, MD, FAAP, FACMG Associate Professor of Pediatrics UMDNJ- New Jersey Medical School Disclosures I have no relevant financial relationships
More informationCANCER = Malignant Tumor = Malignant Neoplasm
CANCER = Malignant Tumor = Malignant Neoplasm A tissue growth: Not necessary for body s development or repair Invading healthy tissues Spreading to other sites of the body (metastasizing) Lethal because
More informationMolecular and Cell Biology of Cancer. Code: ECTS Credits: 6. Degree Type Year Semester Biomedical Sciences OT 4 0
2018/2019 Molecular and Cell Biology of Cancer Code: 101897 ECTS Credits: 6 Degree Type Year Semester 2501230 Biomedical Sciences OT 4 0 Contact Name: Carles Arús Caralto Email: Carles.Arus@uab.cat Other
More informationTHE BIOLOGY OF CANCER. Dr Jim Edwards Medical Oncologist Canterbury District Health Board
THE BIOLOGY OF CANCER Dr Jim Edwards Medical Oncologist Canterbury District Health Board OVERVIEW Historical perspectives on Cancer Biology? Important principles of Cancer Biology Why is understanding
More information609G: Concepts of Cancer Genetics and Treatments (3 credits)
Master of Chemical and Life Sciences Program College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences 609G: Concepts of Cancer Genetics and Treatments (3 credits) Text books: Principles of Cancer Genetics,
More information