SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

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1 Exam Name SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Figure 4.2 Using Figure 4.2, match the following: 1) Simple cuboidal epithelium. 2) Cardiac muscle. 3) Simple squamous epithelium. 4) Stratified squamous epithelium. 5) Skeletal muscle. 1

2 MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1. Match the following: 6) The epithelial membrane that lines body cavities open to the exterior. 7) Consists of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. 8) Found lining the digestive and respiratory tracts. A) Cutaneous membrane B) Serous membrane C) Endothelium D) Mucous membrane 9) Makes up the pleura and pericardium. 10) Lines blood vessels and the heart. Match the following: 11) Structural support of the external ear and other structures that need support with flexibility. A) Hyaline cartilage B) Elastic cartilage 12) Forms the embryonic skeleton and covers the articular surfaces of long bones. TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 13) The shock-absorbing pads between the vertebrae are formed of fibrocartilage. 14) Achilles was wounded by damage to the tendon connecting his calf muscles to his heel. This and all tendons are composed mainly of dense irregular connective tissue. 15) Macrophages are found in areolar and lymphatic tissues. 16) Goblet cells are found with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. 17) Epithelial tissues always exhibit polarity; that is, they have a free surface and a basal surface. 18) Endothelium covers and lines internal cavities such as the pleural and peritoneal cavities. 19) The basic difference between dense irregular and dense regular connective tissues is in the amount of elastic fibers and adipose cells present. 20) Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. 21) Intercalated discs and striations suggest the presence of skeletal muscle. 22) Smooth muscle cells possess central nuclei but lack striations. 23) Most connective tissues have regenerative capacity, while most epithelial tissues do not. 2

3 24) Squamous cells are flattened and scalelike when mature. 25) Functions of connective tissues include binding, support, insulation, and protection. 26) Endocrine glands are often called ducted glands. 27) Blood is considered a type of connective tissue. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 28) Which of the following is not found in the matrix of cartilage but is in bone? A) blood vessels B) organic fibers C) live cells D) lacunae 29) The reason that intervertebral discs exhibit a large amount of tensile strength to absorb shock is because they possess: A) collagen fibers. B) reticular fibers. C) elastic fibers. D) hydroxyapatite crystals. 30) The presence of lacunae, calcium salts, and blood vessels would indicate: A) cartilage tissue. B) areolar tissue. C) osseous tissue. D) fibrocartilaginous tissue. 31) Hyaline cartilage is different from elastic or fibrocartilage because: A) it contains more nuclei. B) fibers are not visible with normal stains. C) it is stronger. D) it has more densely packed fibers. 32) Epithelial tissue: A) is usually acellular. B) has a basement membrane. C) is highly vascularized. D) contains a number of neuron types. 33) Simple columnar epithelium of the digestive tract is characterized by: A) a rich vascular supply. B) fibroblasts. C) cilia. D) dense microvilli. 34) Pseudostratified cuboidal epithelium: A) lines the respiratory tract. B) is not an epithelial classification. C) possesses numerous goblet cells. D) aids in digestion. 35) A single-celled layer of epithelium that forms the lining of serous membranes is: A) simple transitional. B) simple columnar. C) simple cuboidal. D) simple squamous. 36) Which statement best describes connective tissue? A) usually lines a body cavity B) always arranged in a single layer of cells C) primarily concerned with secretion D) usually contains a large amount of matrix 3

4 37) Matrix is: A) ground substance and cells. B) fibers and ground substance. C) cells and fibers. D) composed of all organic compounds. 38) Cell types likely to be seen in areolar connective tissue include all except: A) mast cells. B) macrophages. C) chondrocytes. D) fibroblasts. 39) The fiber type that gives connective tissue great tensile strength is: A) reticular fiber. B) elastic fiber. C) muscle fiber. D) collagen fiber. 40) Organized groups of cells (plus their intercellular substances) that have a common purpose form a(n): A) tissue. B) organism. C) organ. D) organ system. 41) The shape of the external ear is maintained by: A) adipose tissue. B) fibrocartilage. C) hyaline cartilage. D) elastic cartilage. 42) Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as: A) exocrine. B) ceruminous. C) sebaceous. D) endocrine. 43) Which of the following is true about epithelia? A) Stratified epithelia are associated with filtration. B) Pseudostratified epithelia are commonly keratinized. C) Simple epithelia are commonly found in areas of high abrasion. D) Endothelium provides a slick surface lining all hollow cardiovascular organs. 44) Chondroblasts: A) located deep to the perichondrium divide and secrete new matrix on the internal portions of the cartilage. B) within the cartilage divide and secrete new matrix. C) never lose their ability to divide. D) are mature cartilage cells located in spaces called lacunae. 45) epithelium appears to have two or three layers of cells, but all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane. A) Transitional B) Stratified columnar C) Stratified cuboidal D) Pseudostratified columnar 46) A multilayered epithelium with cuboidal basal cells and flat cells at its surface would be classified as: A) stratified squamous. B) simple cuboidal. C) transitional. D) simple squamous. 4

5 47) An epithelial membrane: A) usually involves transitional epithelium. B) is formed of epithelium and smooth muscle. C) never contains mucus-forming cells. D) contains simple or stratified epithelia and a basement membrane. 48) Which of these is not considered connective tissue? A) muscle B) adipose C) blood D) cartilage 49) Which is true concerning muscle tissue? A) cuboidal shape enhances function B) highly cellular and well vascularized C) contains contractile units made of collagen D) is a single-celled tissue 50) The three main components of connective tissue are: A) alveoli, fibrous capsule, and secretory cells. B) ground substance, fibers, and cells. C) fibroblasts, chondroblasts, and osteoblasts. D) collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers. 51) Which of the following statements is true of connective tissue? A) Reticular fibers form thick, ropelike structures. B) Collagen fibers provide high tensile strength. C) Elastin fibers are sometimes called white fibers. D) When connective tissue is stretched, collagen gives it the ability to snap back. 52) Select the correct statement regarding the cells of connective tissue. A) Connective tissue cells are nondividing. B) "Blast" cells are undifferentiated, actively dividing cells. C) Connective tissue does not contain cells. D) Chondroblasts are the main cell type of connective tissue proper. 53) Select the correct statement regarding tissue repair. A) Granulation tissue is highly susceptible to infection. B) Granulation tissue is another name for a blood clot. C) Inflammation causes capillaries to dilate and become permeable. D) The clot is formed from dried blood and transposed collagen fibers. 54) Select the correct statement regarding epithelia. A) Pseudostratified epithelia consist of at least two layers of cells stacked on top of one another. B) Stratified epithelia are tall, narrow cells. C) Simple epithelia form impermeable barriers. D) Stratified epithelia are present where protection from abrasion is important. 5

6 55) Select the correct statement regarding adipose tissue. A) Its primary function is nutrient storage. B) Most of the cell volume is occupied by the nucleus. C) Mature adipose cells are highly mitotic. D) It is composed mostly of extracellular matrix. 56) are commonly found wedged between simple columnar epithelial cells. A) Goblet cells B) Cilia C) Macrophages D) Mast cells 57) Select the correct statement regarding factors that affect the tissue repair process. A) The health of an individual does not seem to make any difference in the speed of repair. B) The type of tissue injured is not an important factor. C) Nutrition does not seem to influence tissue repair. D) The age of the person is a factor in the repair process. 58) A large round cell with a peripheral nucleus describes a(n): A) nerve. B) cuboidal cell. C) fibroblast. D) adipocyte. SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 59) tissue forms the framework for the lamina propria of mucous membranes. 60) Osteocytes exist in a tiny void called a. 61) Cardiac muscle tissue is single nucleated, has intercalated discs, and is. 62) muscle cells are multinucleated. 63) live in the lacuna of cartilage. 64) The uppermost layer of skin is composed of. 65) Kidney tubules are composed of epithelium. 66) All epithelial tissue rests upon a. 67) Macrophage-like cells are found in many different tissues, and may have specific names that reflect their location or specializations. What is the one functional characteristic common to all macrophage-like cells? 6

7 68) All of the following statements refer to events of tissue repair. Put the events in proper numbered order according to the sequence of occurrence. The initial event, the injury, is already indicated as number one. 1. The skin receives a cut that penetrates into the dermis and bleeding begins. 2. Epithelial regeneration is nearly complete. 3. Granulation tissue is formed. 4. Blood clotting occurs and stops the blood flow. 5. The scar retracts. 6. Macrophages engulf and clean away cellular debris. 7. Fibroblasts elaborate connective tissue fibers to span the break. 69) Since mature adipocytes do not divide, how can adults gain weight? 70) Tendon tears or breaks are difficult to repair both physiologically and surgically. Why? 71) How is epithelial tissue the opposite of connective tissue? 72) How is blood unique among connective tissues? ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 73) John, a 72-year-old grandfather, had been smoking heavily for 24 years and had a persistent cough. A biopsy of his lung tissue revealed considerable amounts of carbon particles. How could this happen considering the natural cleaning mechanism of the respiratory system? 74) In adult humans, most cancers are carcinomas or adenocarcinomas. These include cancers of the skin, lung, colon, breast, and prostate. Which of the four basic tissue types is involved? Why do you think this is so? 75) Without macrophages, wound healing is delayed. Why? 76) Explain why an infection may occur in a tissue injury. 77) Describe local clinical signs and symptoms of the inflammatory stage of wound healing. 7

8 Answer Key Testname: 4-TISSUES.TST SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 1) B 2) C 3) A 4) D 5) E MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1. 6) D 7) A 8) D 9) B 10) C 11) B 12) A TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 13) TRUE 14) FALSE 15) TRUE 16) TRUE 17) TRUE 18) FALSE 19) FALSE 20) TRUE 21) FALSE 22) TRUE 23) FALSE 24) TRUE 25) TRUE 26) FALSE 27) TRUE MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 28) A 29) A 30) C 31) B 32) B 33) D 34) B 35) D 36) D 37) B 38) C 39) D 40) A 41) D 42) D 1

9 Answer Key Testname: 4-TISSUES.TST 43) D 44) B 45) D 46) A 47) D 48) A 49) B 50) B 51) B 52) B 53) C 54) D 55) A 56) A 57) D 58) D SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 59) Areolar or loose connective 60) lacuna 61) branched 62) Skeletal 63) Chondrocytes 64) keratinized stratified squamous epithelium 65) simple cuboidal 66) basement membrane 67) phagocytosis 68) ) Adipocytes contain a fat-filled vacuole that can fill or empty, causing the cell to gain or lose volume. 70) Tendons are composed of dense regular connective tissue, which consists of densely packed, parallel connective tissue fibers. This type of tissue has relatively few cells and vascular supply is poor; consequently, repair is slow. Because of the structure of the tissue, surgical repair can be compared to attempting to suture two bristle brushes together. 71) In epithelial tissue the cells are packed together very tightly. Epithelial tissue is avascular. Epithelial tissue has three cell types that cover or line things and make tubes. Epithelial tissue has no fibers and it tends to be polar. Connective tissue has cells spaced far apart and is highly vascular (except cartilage). The cells of connective tissue vary greatly in shape and size. Connective tissue glues other tissues together and has three fiber types. Connective tissue tends to be nonpolar. Connective tissue has a large amount of ground substance, epithelial tissue does not. 72) Blood does not give mechanical support, its matrix is fluid, the cells are loose, the fibers are soluble, it carries nutrients, waste products, and other substances and attaches to several gasses. ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 73) The sweeping action of the ciliated epithelium is essential in order to propel inhaled dust and other debris out of the respiratory tract. Anything that inhibits this mechanism would allow foreign substances to remain in the tract, which may cause damage. Chemicals such as nicotine may inhibit the action of the cilia, allowing carbon particles found in smoke to remain in the lungs. 74) Epithelium gives rise to most cancers. This is probably because epithelial cells divide more, leading to more opportunity for damage to growth control mechanisms, and because epithelia are more often in contact with environmental insults such as ultraviolet radiation and carcinogens. 2

10 Answer Key Testname: 4-TISSUES.TST 75) Macrophages are large, irregularly shaped cells that act as key defenders that avidly phagocytize a broad variety of foreign materials, ranging from foreign molecules to entire bacteria to dust particles. This "big eater" also disposes of dead tissue cells which helps to clean out the wound, allowing for granulation tissue to form. 76) The skin is the largest organ in the body and protects underlying tissues from injury by preventing the passage of microorganisms. The skin and the mucus membranes are considered the body's first line of defense. 77) Pain, swelling, redness, and heat. 3