Imaging of Alimentary Tract Perforation

Transcription

1 Imaging of Alimentary Tract Perforation

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3 Luigia Romano Antonio Pinto Editors Imaging of Alimentary Tract Perforation

4 Editors Luigia Romano Department of Radiology A. Cardarelli Hospital Naples Italy Antonio Pinto Department of Radiology A. Cardarelli Hospital Naples Italy ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher's location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (

5 Preface Alimentary tract perforations represent an emergency and life-threatening condition requiring prompt diagnosis and surgical treatment in most cases. Diagnosis depends on clinical suspicion: The clinical symptoms of free perforation are associated with the underlying cause of the perforation, and the clinical presentations of patients with a perforated viscus are quite variable. Imaging examinations play an important role in order to determine the correct diagnosis and ensure an appropriate treatment to the patient. The purpose of this book is to illustrate and discuss causes and imaging features related to cases of alimentary tract perforation from the esophagus to the rectum, occurring in radiology practice. Signs of a pneumoperitoneum on plain abdominal film, on abdominal ultrasonography, and on Multi-detector row Computed Tomography are extensively illustrated; moreover, the role of plain abdominal film, abdominal ultrasonography, and Multi-detector row Computed Tomography are addressed. In addition, imaging of gastrointestinal tract perforation in the pediatric patient, in the elderly patient, and in the oncological patient are presented. We hope that this book will provide important information to Residents in Radiology, Radiologists, and Physicians daily involved in the Emergency Department in the management of patients with suspected alimentary tract perforation. Naples, Italy Naples, Italy September 2014 Luigia Romano Antonio Pinto v

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7 Contents 1 Diagnostic Approach to Alimentary Tract Perforations Francesca Iacobellis, Daniela Berritto, and Roberto Grassi 2 Plain Film Signs of Pneumoperitoneum Antonio Pinto, Roberta Grassi, and Carlo Liguori 3 Ultrasonographic Assessment of Gastrointestinal Perforation Massimo Valentino and Libero Barozzi 4 Esophageal Perforation: Assessment with Multidetector Row Computed Tomography Nicola Gagliardi, Ciro Stavolo, and Angela De Gennaro 5 Role of Multidetector Row Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Gastroduodenal Perforation Daniela Vecchione, Giovanna Russo, and Raffaella Niola 6 Small Bowel Perforations: Imaging Findings Stefania Romano 7 Acute Perforated Appendicitis: Spectrum of MDCT Findings Stefania Daniele, Silvana Nicotra, and Carlo Liguori 8 Acute Perforated Diverticulitis: Spectrum of MDCT Findings Maria Giuseppina Scuderi and Teresa Cinque 9 Colorectal Perforation: Assessment with MDCT Gianluca Ponticiello, Loredana Di Nuzzo, and Pietro Paolo Saturnino 10 MDCT Imaging of Blunt Traumatic Bowel and Colonic Perforation Francesco Iaselli, Isabella Iadevito, Franco Guida, Giacomo Sica, Giorgio Bocchini, and Mariano Scaglione vii

8 viii Contents 11 MDCT Imaging of Gastrointestinal Tract Perforation Due to Foreign Body Ingestion Roberta Cianci, Valentina Bianco, Gianluigi Esposito, Andrea Delli Pizzi, and Antonella Filippone 12 Pneumoretroperitoneum: Imaging Findings Antonio Pinto, Carlo Muzj, and Giuseppe Ruggiero 13 Imaging of Gastrointestinal Tract Perforation in the Pediatric Patient Cecilia Lanza, Elisabetta Panfili, and Andrea Giovagnoni 14 Imaging of Gastrointestinal Tract Perforation in the Elderly Patient Alfonso Reginelli, Anna Russo, Duilia Maresca, Fabrizio Urraro, Giuseppina Fabozzi, Francesco Stanzione, Alfredo D Andrea, Ciro Martiniello, and Luca Brunese 15 Imaging of Gastrointestinal Tract Perforation in the Oncologic Patients Luigia Romano, Sonia Fulciniti, Massimo Silva, Riccardo Granata, and Giuseppe Ruggiero 16 Role of Multidetector Row Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Acute Peritonitis Due to Gastrointestinal Perforation Vittorio Miele and Barbara Sessa 17 Abdominal Compartment Syndrome and Gastrointestinal Tract Perforation Ciro Acampora, Rosa Ignarra, and Antonio Pinto Index