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1 Reference 1. Friedman, C, Callery, S, Jeanes, A, Piaskowski, P, Scott, L, (2005) Best Infection Control Practices for Patients with Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Enterobacteriacae, International Infection Control Council. 2. Agrawal, P, Ghosh, A, Kumar, S, Basu, B, Kapil, K,(2008).Prevalence of extended spectrum â lactamases among E. coli and K. pneumonia isolates in tertiary care hospital, Indian journal Pathology Microbiology, vol. 51, pp Pitout, JDD, Laupland, KB, (2008) Extended Spectrum â Lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae: an emerging public health concern. Lancet infect Dis, vol. 8, pp Yusha.u, MM, Kumurya, AS, and Suleiman, L, (2010)Prevalence of Extended spectrum â lactamases among Enterobacteriaceae in Murtala Mohammed specialist hospital, Kano,N, Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, vol.3, no.1, pp Cantón R, Coque TM (2006) The CTX-M beta-lactamase pandemic. Curr Opin Microbiol 9: Pitout JD, Laupland KB (2008) Extended-spectrum beta-lactamaseproducing Enterobacteriaceae: an emerging public-health concern. Lancet Infect Dis 8: Ramphal R, Ambrose PG (2006) Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and clinical outcomes: current data. Clin Infect Dis 42 (Suppl 4): S Nakamura T, Komatsu M, Yamasaki K, Fukuda S, Miyamoto Y, et al. (2012) Epidemiology of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella Species, and Proteus mirabilis strains producing extended-spectrum beta-

2 lactamases from clinical samples in the Kinki region of Japan. Am J Cli Pathol 137(4): Paterson DL, Bonomo RA (2005) Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: a clinical update. Clin Microbiol Rev 18: Bradford PA (2001) Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in the 21 st century: characterization, epidemiology, and detection of this important resistance threat. Clin Microbiol Rev 14: Bonnet R (2004) Growing group of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: the CTX-M enzymes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48: Chong Y, Yakusiji H, Ito Y, Kamimura T (2011) Clinical and molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamaseproducing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in a long-term study Japan. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infection Dis 30: Suzuki S, Shibata N, Yamane K, Wachino J, Ito K, et al. (2009) Change in the prevalence of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Japan by clonal spread. J Antimicrob Chemother 63: Bell, JM, Chitsaz, M, Turnidge, JD, Barton, M, Walters, LJ, and Jones, RN, 2007, Prevalence and Significance of a Negative Extended Spectrum â-lactamase (ESBL) Confirmation Test Result after a Positive ESBL Screening Test Result for Isolates of scherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: Results from the SENTRY Asia-Pacific Surveillance Program, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol. 45, no. 5, pp Lal, P, Kapil, A, Das, BK, and Sood, S, (2007) Occurence of TEM and SHV gene in extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs) producing Klebsiella spp.isolated from a tertiary care hospital, Indian Journal Medical, 125, pp

3 16. Rupp, ME, and Paul, D,(2003).Extended Spectrum â-lactamase (ESBL).Producing Enterobacteriaceae,. Drugs Vol. 63, no. 4, pp Peirano, G, Pitout, JDD, 2010, Molecular epidemiology of Escherichia coli producing CTX-M â Lactamases : worldwide emergence of clone ST :H4.International journal of Antimicrobial Agents, vol.35, pp K Prashanth, Sk Singh, R Kanugo, S Sharma, P Shashikala, S Joshi, S Jayachandran. Correlations between genotyping and antibiograms of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from three different south Indian hospitals. IJMM, (2): Jacoby, G.A Li J, Yang JY, Yan LN. Clinical distribution and antibiotic resistance of nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli infection after liver transplantation. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban Jun;38(3): Falagas ME, Kopterides P. Riskfactors for the isolation of muti-drug-resistant Acinetobacterbaumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Hosp Infect Sep;64(1): Micek, S.T., A.E.Lloyd, D.J.Ritchie, R.M.Reichley, V.J.Fraser, M.H.Kollef. Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection: importance of appropriate initial antimicrobial treatment. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother.2005;49: Alibert-Franco S, Pradines B, Mahamoud A. Efflux mechanism, an attractive target tocombat MDRPA and Plasmodium falciparum.curr Med chem.2009 ;16(3) :

4 24. American Thoracic society and Infetious diseases society of America. Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired,ventilator-associated and health care associated pneumonia. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.2005;171: Lauretti L, Riccio ML, Mazzariol A. Cloning and characterization of blavim2 a new integron borne metallo-beta-lactamase gene from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.1999;43: Jumbe N, Louie A, Leary R Application of mathematical model to prevent in vivo amplification of antibiotic-resistant bacterial populations during therapy. J Clin Invest 2003;112: Jung R, Fish DN, Obritsch MD. Surveillance of multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an urban tertiary care teaching hospital. J Hosp Infect Jun;57(2): Cao W, Yao D, Zheng R.Resistance by hypermutable Pseudomonas aeruginosa and beta lactamases production.zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban.2009 Jan;34(1): Aggarwal R, Chaudhary U, Bala K. Detection of extended-spectrum betalactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Indian J Pathol Microbiol Apr-Jun; 51(2): Upadhyay, S., Sen, M.R., and Bhattacharjee,A. Presence of diff -lactamase classes among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa - lactamase enzyme. J.Infect.Dev. Ctries.2010;4: Poirel L, Naas T, Nicholas D, et al. Characterization of VIM-2, a carbapenemhydrolyzing metallo-beta-lactamase and its plasmid- and integron-borne gene from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate in France. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2000;44: Haluk Vahaboglu, Recep Ozturk, Gokhan Aygun. Widespread detection of PER- 1-type Extended spectrum beta-lactamases among nosocomial Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Turkey: a nationwide multicenter study. Antimicrobial agents and Chemotherapy.Oct.1997;p Lister PD. Chromosomally-encoded resistance mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Am J Pharmacogenomics. 2002; 2(4):

5 34. Mantengoli, E., and G.M Rossolini. Tn5393d, a complex Tn5393 derivatives carrying the PER-1 extended- -lactamase gene and other resistance determinants. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother.2005;49: Laura Pagani, Elisabetta Mantengoli, Roberta Migliavacca,Elisabetta. N., Simona. P., Melissa. S., Rossana. D.et al. Multifocal Detection of Multidrug resistant Pseudomonas Producing the PER-1 Extended- Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2004; 42 (6): Freshteh S., Mohammad R. S.,Hanieh N. Molecular identification of ESBL genes blages-1,blaveb-1, blactx-m, blaoxa-1, blaoxa-4, blaoxa-10 and blaper-1 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from burns patients by PCR, RFLP and sequencing techniques.internal Journal of Biology and Life sciences.2010;6(3): Mirsalehian A, Feizabadi M, Nakhjavani F, Jabalameli F, Goli H, Kalantari N. Detection of VEB-1, OXA-10 and PER-1 genotypes in extended-spectrum betalactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolted from burns patients. Burns.2010;36: Poriel L., Brians L., Verlinde A., Ide L., Nordman P.BEL-1 a novel clavulanis acid inhibted extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, and the clas I integronn in 120 Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.2005;49: Nordmann P, Ronco E, Naas T,et al. Characterization of a novel beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.1993;37: Poirel L., Docquier J.D., De Luca F., Verlinde A., Ide L., Rossolini G,M., Nordmann, P.BEL-2, an extended spectrum ß Lactamase wth increases activity toward expanded spectrum cephalosporins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrobe. Agents Chemother.2010; 54: Nordmann, P., and Mammeri,H. Extended-spectrum cephalosporinases: structure, detection and epidemiology. Future Microbiol.2007; 2: Poriel L. Nordmann P., Acquired carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamases and their genetic support. Curr.Pharm. Biotechnol.2002;3: Jawetz, Melnick & Adelberg s, Medical Microbiology, 25th Edition.

6 44. Xavier, D.E., Picao, R.C., Girardello, R., Fhlberg, L.C., Gales, A.C. Efflux pumps expression and its association with porin down- -lactamase production among Pseudomonas aeruginosa causing bloodstream infections in Brazil. BMC Microbiol.2010;10: CLSI. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Fourth Informational Supplement. CLSI document M100-S24. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; Lal, P, Kapil, A, Das, BK, and Sood, S, 2007, Occurence of TEM and SHV gene in extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs) producing Klebsiella spp. isolated from a tertiary care hospital, Indian Journal Medical, 125, pp

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