Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in Colon Tumors

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in Colon Tumors"

Transcription

1 Anatomic Pathology / ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS IN COLON TUMORS Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in Colon Tumors Martha L. Slattery, PhD, MPH, 1 Wade S. Samowitz, MD, 2 and Joseph A. Holden, MD 2 Key Words: Adenocarcinoma; Colon cancer; Estrogen receptors; Hormone replacement therapy; Progesterone receptors Abstract Existing data suggest that there is a hormonal basis to the cause of colon cancer. In the present study, we evaluated the presence of estrogen receptors (ERs) and progesterone receptors (PRs) in colonic tumors from 156 women diagnosed with colon cancer in Utah from September 1991 through September Immunohistochemical staining with antibodies to ERs and PRs was performed on histologic sections prepared from paraffin blocks. None of the tumors were considered ER-positive; 1 tumor was PR-positive. Use of hormone replacement therapy was not associated with PR-positive tumors. These data do not support previous reports that suggest that colon tumors frequently have receptors for estrogen, progesterone, or both. A hormonal basis to the cause of colon cancer is supported by many factors: age-adjusted incidence rates for colon cancer are lower in women than in men 1 ; subgroups of the population with low parity, such as nuns, have higher rates of colon cancer than populations in which parity is high 2 ; and epidemiologic studies suggest that using hormone replacement therapy (HRT) decreases the risk of developing colon cancer. 3 Furthermore, estrogen receptors (ERs) and progesterone receptors (PRs) have been found in normal and malignant colon tissues. 4 Most studies evaluating ERs and PRs in colonic tissue have included few samples, and results are inconclusive for the prevalence of ER- and PR-positive colon tumors. Issa and colleagues 5 have shown that the promoter region of the ER gene is silenced in colon tumors. However, whether HRT alters tumor ER or PR status is unknown. In the present study, we evaluated ER and PR status in tumors and normal tissue to determine the prevalence of ER- and PR-positive tumors and their association with HRT, reproductive, and demographic factors. Methods Data for this study come from a population-based casecontrol study of colon cancer originally designed to assess associations between diet, activity, and other lifestyle factors as they relate to the cause of colon cancer. Utah women diagnosed with a first primary adenocarcinoma of the colon from September 1991 through September 1994 were included in the present study. Study eligibility included age between 30 and 79 years at the time of diagnosis; white, black or Hispanic; mentally competent to complete the interview; and living in 1 of 8 Utah counties (Salt Lake, Davis, Wasatch, 364 Am J Clin Pathol 2000;113: American Society of Clinical Pathologists

2 Anatomic Pathology / ORIGINAL ARTICLE Utah, Weber, Tooele, Morgan, and Summit). Cases were identified by using a rapid-reporting system in which study abstractors visited hospital pathology laboratories on a monthly basis; complete case ascertainment was verified by using data from the Utah Cancer Registry. The average time between diagnosis and identification was 27 days. Of all the women identified with colon cancer, 61.9% participated. Primary reasons for nonparticipation were death between identification and interview (8.5%); physician refusal (4.4%); too ill to participate (2.6%); unable to locate or moved (1.5%); and refusal (20.7%). A total of 159 women with valid interview data were targeted for the present study. Data Ascertainment Data were collected by trained and certified interviewers using laptop computers. The referent year for the study was the year 2 years before diagnosis. Data collected included detailed diet, activity, and reproductive history along with information on body size, family history of cancer, demographic information, and other general lifestyle questions. Of interest to the present study were data collected as part of the reproductive history, including number of pregnancies (including live births, miscarriages, and stillbirths); use of HRT (if HRT had been used, year stopped, age started); and usual adult height and weight during the referent year. 6 Data from the Utah Cancer Registry were used to classify tumor site and stage at time of diagnosis. Estrogen Receptors and Progesterone Receptors Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded colonic adenocarcinoma tissue was available for 156 of the 159 eligible women. Immunohistochemical staining was performed as in previous studies. 7 Slides prepared from paraffin blocks were deparaffinized and heated in a 10-mmol/L concentration of sodium citrate (ph 6.0) in a microwave oven for 30 minutes. After cooling, immunohistochemical staining was performed with the use of an automated immunohistochemical stainer (DAKO Autostainer, DAKO, Carpinteria, CA) in accord with the manufacturer s instructions. Primary antibodies were DAKO N-series mouse antihuman estrogen receptor 1D5 and progesterone receptor PR1A6. Prediluted antibodies were used. Detection was performed using the DAKO Envision detection kit, which uses a secondary mouse anti-immunoglobulin conjugated to a horseradish peroxidase linked polymer. Color development was accomplished with diaminobenzidine as the chromogen. Positive and negative controls were run with each set of tumors and checked to verify ER and PR staining. Tumors were scored as positive for ER or PR if 20% or more of the nuclei were stained by the antibody. Tumors were scored as negative if less than 5% of nuclei stained and as borderline if 5% to 19% of the nuclei were stained. These are the cutoff points used at the University of Utah Health Science Center for clinical evaluation of ER and PR in breast cancers. Slides were immunostained with vimentin 8 on adjacent sections to verify antigen preservation. If vimentin staining was patchy, ER and PR results were evaluated in the areas of the tissue in which vimentin positivity was seen. All slides were read by the same pathologist (W.S.S.), and tumors read as borderline or positive were read by a second pathologist (J.A.H.) who also reviewed cases the first pathologist found difficult to interpret because of excessive nonspecific (cytoplasmic) staining or because of percentages of positive nuclei slightly less than borderline. The population is described in terms of use of HRT, reproductive history, and tumor characteristics. Tumors in the proximal colon are those located in the cecum through the transverse colon; distal tumors are those in the splenic flexure through the sigmoid colon. Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results summary stage codes (ie, local, regional, and distant) were used to define tumor stage. Results The population is described in Table 1. Almost 40% of the population was 70 years or older at the time of diagnosis. Tumors were located equally in the proximal and distal segments of the colon. More than half of the women had 4 or more pregnancies, and approximately half of the women reported having taken HRT at some time. All tumors evaluated were ER-negative. One tumor was PR-positive; the woman had taken HRT for 6 years. Five tumors were considered PR-negative by one pathologist and borderline positive by the other, while 2 other tumors were considered borderline PR positive by one pathologist and negative by the other. Of these 7 tumors, 2 of the patients had taken HRT and 5 had not. The proportion of PR-positive tumors was not significantly different among those who took HRT and those who did not (P =.28, Fisher exact test). Normal tissue was present for 89 (57.0%) of the 156 tumors evaluated; the normal tissue was also categorized as ER- and PR-negative, although borderline PR positivity was detected from 2 of these normal tissue samples. The corresponding tumors from these samples were classified as borderline PRpositive and PR-positive. Discussion Data from the present population-based study suggest that neither normal nor tumor tissue from the colon are positive for ERs and that the prevalence of positive PR in colonic tissue is rare. These results agree with the findings of some American Society of Clinical Pathologists Am J Clin Pathol 2000;113:

3 Slattery et al / ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS IN COLON TUMORS Table 1 Characteristics of 156 Utah Women Diagnosed With Colon Cancer From September 1991 Through September 1994 * N (%) Age (y) (3.8) (5.8) (17.3) (34.0) (39.1) Education High school or less 89 (57.0) Some college 45 (28.8) College graduate 22 (14.1) Tumor site Proximal 72 (46.2) Distal 74 (47.4) Unknown 10 (6.4) Stage of tumor at diagnosis (n = 127) Local 44 (34.6) Regional 63 (49.6) Distant 20 (15.7) Number of pregnancies None 7 (4.5) (35.2) (34.0) >5 41 (26.3) Menopausal status (n = 154) Premenopausal 13 (8.4) Postmenopausal 141 (91.6) Use of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women (n = 140) Ever 70 (50.0) Never 70 (50.0) * For some characteristics, data for fewer than 156 women were available; numbers are given with those variables. studies that essentially show no ER or PR positivity, 9-12 although other studies suggest that 20% to 54% of colon tumors are positive for ER 4,13-16 and as many as 42.8% of colon tumors are positive for PR. 13 Studies also have suggested that people with ER receptors in normal tissue have improved survival after diagnosis. 15 While studies of parity and HRT show stronger associations for proximal tumors, 3 studies that have evaluated ER and PR show that the percentage of ER- or PR-positive tumors are not different by tumor location or other tumor characteristics. 4,15 Differences in findings could stem from several sources, including source of tissue, methods of detecting ER and PR, and level of staining at which ERs and PRs are declared positive. Many studies have relied on fresh tissue, 4,10,13,14,16,17 while in the present study, tissue was obtained from paraffin blocks. A limitation of the present study is our lack of control on how colon tissue was handled at the time of fixation. Since cases, and therefore tissue, were collected from 15 different hospitals, we could not implement a standard method of fixation. This could contribute to decreased levels of ER and PR positivity. To deal with this potential problem, vimentin antibody stains were done along with ER and PR antibodies to assess antigen preservation after fixation. 8 Although vimentin staining was variable, we were able to detect at least focal vimentin staining in almost all sections, and, therefore, we believe that our lack of ER or PR detection was not a result of antigen degradation during fixation or embedding. While vimentin staining has been reported to be an effective means to evaluate ER and PR antigen preservation, we cannot exclude the possibility that the antigens could be more easily degradable than vimentin under our processing conditions. However, it should be noted that our results using paraffin-embedded tissue are identical to those obtained by Cameron and colleagues, 11 who found no ER-positive tumors using frozen colonic tissue and the same categories to determine positivity. Different techniques to detect ER and PR also have been used by different studies. For instance, many of the early studies that report detection of ER or PR in colon tumors used dextran-coated charcoal-competitive proteinbinding assays. 12,16 Others have used the ER-D5 antibody and detected reactivity only in the cytoplasm. 17 The antibodies used in the present study are used on a clinical basis to detect ER and PR in breast tissue 18 and have been shown to be effective for detecting ER- and PR-positive tumors using paraffin-fixed blocks. 19 It is possible that using other 366 Am J Clin Pathol 2000;113: American Society of Clinical Pathologists

4 Anatomic Pathology / ORIGINAL ARTICLE antibodies or techniques might yield different results, but it should be noted that the antibodies used in our study are used on a clinical basis to guide treatment decisions. Unlike breast cancer studies, most studies of colon tissue have reported low levels of ER or PR positivity, usually less than 10 fmol/mg protein. 4,13,20 These levels have been referred to in some articles as very low. 11,14 Others have reported actual levels whereby tissue was considered positive for ER with levels of less than 3 fmol/mg of cytosolic protein, 10 1 fmol/mg of cytosolic protein, 15 or the mean level of positive was 1.3 fmol/mg of protein for ER and 3.9 fmol/mg of protein for PR. It is possible that such low levels may be undetectable by immunohistochemistry or could be associated with nuclear staining less than 5%, our threshold for a negative stain. Optimal overall breast cancer survival has been shown to be predicted with a 20-fmol threshold, 21 although this level may not be most relevant to colon cancer. Variation in the literature in terms of the prevalence of ERor PR-positive tumors could stem from individual variability among researchers in how they classify positivity. 10 However, in the present study, we detected no tumors or normal tissue with more than 5% positivity for ER and very few with greater than 5% positivity for PR. The literature is fairly consistent that if colonic tissue or colonic tumor tissue is ER- or PR-positive, the level of positivity is very low. Issa et al 5 reported methylation of the cytosine phosphate guanine (CpG) island of the ER gene in colon tumors and also in colonic tissue with increasing age. Methylation of the CpG island results in diminished or absent gene expression and deregulated cell growth. Consistent with the finding by Issa et al, 5 in the present study, primarily of older women, we did not detect significant levels of ER or PR in normal colonic tissue or in tumor tissue. While detection of ER or PR in colonic tumors would have implications for biologic pathways to disease, its implications for treatment or prognostic factors are less clear. Use of tamoxifen and other related drugs is a viable treatment for women diagnosed with breast cancer when ER-positive tumors are present. Use of similar drugs as a treatment for colon cancer is questionable since studies have shown that women using tamoxifen actually may be at increased risk of developing colon cancer. 22,23 In this group of women diagnosed with colon cancer, we detected no ER-positive tumors and only 1 PR-positive tumor. Use of HRT did not seem to influence ER or PR positivity. Although our results agree with those of some studies and are slightly different than those of others, there is not strong support from any of the studies that colon tumors have a high degree of ER or PR positivity. From the Departments of 1 Family and Preventive Medicine and 2 Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City. This study was supported through grants CA48998 (Dr Slattery) and National Cancer Institute (Bethesda, MD) contract NO1-CN-6700 (Utah Cancer Registry). Address reprint requests to Dr Slattery: Health Research Center, 391 Chipeta Way, Suite G, Salt Lake City, UT Acknowledgments: We acknowledge the contributions of Sandie Edwards, MS, Leslie Palmer, and Khe-Ni Ma, MS, to this project. References 1. Wingo PA, Ries LAG, Rosenberg HM, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality, Cancer. 1998;82: Potter JD, Slattery ML, Bostick RM, et al. Colon cancer: a review of the epidemiology. Epidemiol Rev. 1993;15: Hebert-Croteau N. A meta-analysis of hormone replacement therapy and colon cancer in women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1998; Meggouh F, Lointier P, Saez S. Sex steroid and 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors in human colorectal adenocarcinoma and normal mucosa. Cancer Res. 1991;51: Issa JPJ, Ottaviano YL, Celano P, et al. Methylation of the estrogen receptor CpG island links aging and neoplasia in human colon. Nat Genet. 1994;7: Edwards SL, Slattery ML, Mori M, et al. Objective system for interviewer performance evaluation for use in epidemiologic studies. Am J Epidemiol. 1994;140: Lynch BJ, Holden JA, Buys SA, et al. Pathobiologic characteristics of hereditary breast cancer. Hum Pathol. 1998;29: Battifora H. Assessment of antigen damage in immunohistochemistry: the vimentin internal control. Am J Clin Pathol. 1991;96: Dawson PM, Shousha S, Blair SD, et al. Oestrogen receptors in colorectal carcinoma. J Clin Pathol. 1990;43: Sciascia C, Olivero G, Comandone A, et al. Estrogen receptors in colorectal adenocarcinomas and in other large bowel diseases. Int J Biol Markers. 1990;5: Cameron BL, Butler JA, Rutgers J, et al. Immunohistochemical determination of the estrogen receptor content of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas. Am Surg. 1992;58: Deamant FD, Pombo MT, Battifora H. Estrogen receptor immunohistochemistry as a predictor of site of origin in metastatic breast cancer. Appl Immunohistochem. 1993;1: Geelhoed GW, Alford C, Lippman ME. Biologic implications of steroid hormone receptors in cancers of the colon. South Med J. 1985;78: Bracali G, Caracino AM, Rossodivita F, et al. Estrogen and progesterone receptors in human colorectal tumour cells (study of 70 cases). Int J Biol Markers. 1988;3: DiLeo A, Messa C, Russo F, et al. Prognostic value of cytosolic estrogen receptors in human colorectal carcinoma and surrounding mucosa: preliminary results. Dig Dis Sci. 1994;39: McClendon JE, Appleby D, Claudon DB, et al. Colonic neoplasms: tissue estrogen receptor and carcinoembryonic antigen. Arch Surg. 1977;112: American Society of Clinical Pathologists Am J Clin Pathol 2000;113:

5 Slattery et al / ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS IN COLON TUMORS 17. Alford TC, Do HY, Geelhoed GW, et al. Steroid hormone receptors in human colon cancers. Cancer. 1979;43: Takeda H, Yamakawa M, Takahashi T, et al. An immunohistochemical study with an estrogen receptor related protein (ER-D5) in human colorectal cancer. Cancer. 1992;69: Veronese SM, Barbareschi M, Morelli L, et al. Predictive value of ER1D5 antibody immunostaining in breast cancer. Appl Immunohistochem. 1995;3: Singh S, Sheppard MC, Langman MJS. Sex differences in the incidence of colorectal cancer: an exploration of oestrogen and progesterone receptors. Gut. 1993;34: Battifora H, Mehta P, Ahn C, et al. Estrogen receptor immunohistochemical assay in paraffin-embedded tissue: a better gold standard? Appl Immunohistochem. 1993;1: Persson I, Yuen J, Bergkvist L, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality in women receiving estrogen and estrogen-progestin replacement therapy: long-term follow-up of a Swedish cohort. Int J Cancer. 1996;67: Rutqvist LE, Johansson H, Signomklao T, et al. Adjuvant tamoxifen therapy for early stage breast cancer and second primary malignancies. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995;87: Am J Clin Pathol 2000;113: American Society of Clinical Pathologists

Deepa Taggarshe MD MRCS M Phil, Catherine Lobocki MS, Alasdair McKendrick MD FACS, Vijay K Mittal MD FACS

Deepa Taggarshe MD MRCS M Phil, Catherine Lobocki MS, Alasdair McKendrick MD FACS, Vijay K Mittal MD FACS Clinicopathological significance of expression of Estrogen Receptor-Beta (ERβ), Progesterone Receptor(PR) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor- A (VEGF) in colorectal cancer. Deepa Taggarshe MD MRCS

More information

Colorectal carcinomas: Clinicopathologic investigation, correlation with expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors

Colorectal carcinomas: Clinicopathologic investigation, correlation with expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors 8 Turkish Journal of Cancer Volume 38, No. 3, 28 Colorectal carcinomas: Clinicopathologic investigation, correlation with expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors TULU EMRE EKEM, BURAK BAHADIR

More information

Immunohistochemical Expression of Hormone Receptors and The Histological Characteristics of Biochemically Hormone Receptor Negative Breast Cancers

Immunohistochemical Expression of Hormone Receptors and The Histological Characteristics of Biochemically Hormone Receptor Negative Breast Cancers Breast Cancer Vol. 14 No. 1 January 2007 Original Article Immunohistochemical Expression of Hormone Receptors and The Histological Characteristics of Biochemically Hormone Receptor Negative Breast Cancers

More information

Lifestyle and Colon Cancer: An Assessment of Factors Associated with Risk

Lifestyle and Colon Cancer: An Assessment of Factors Associated with Risk American Journal of Epidemiology Copyright 1999 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health All rights reserved Vol. 150, No. 8 Printed In U.SJ\. Lifestyle and Colon Cancer: An

More information

The Effect of Delay in Fixation, Different Fixatives, and Duration of Fixation in Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Results in Breast Carcinoma

The Effect of Delay in Fixation, Different Fixatives, and Duration of Fixation in Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Results in Breast Carcinoma Anatomic Pathology / Fixation Effects on ER and PR in Breast Cancer The Effect of Delay in Fixation, Different Fixatives, and Duration of Fixation in Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Results in Breast

More information

Implications of Progesterone Receptor Status for the Biology and Prognosis of Breast Cancers

Implications of Progesterone Receptor Status for the Biology and Prognosis of Breast Cancers 日大医誌 75 (1): 10 15 (2016) 10 Original Article Implications of Progesterone Receptor Status for the Biology and Prognosis of Breast Cancers Naotaka Uchida 1), Yasuki Matsui 1), Takeshi Notsu 1) and Manabu

More information

Physical Activity and Colorectal Cancer

Physical Activity and Colorectal Cancer American Journal of Epidemiology Copyright 2003 by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health All rights reserved Vol. 158, No. 3 Printed in U.S.A. DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwg134 Physical Activity and

More information

Coordinate Expression of Cytokeratins 7 and 20 in Prostate Adenocarcinoma and Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

Coordinate Expression of Cytokeratins 7 and 20 in Prostate Adenocarcinoma and Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma Anatomic Pathology / CYTOKERATINS 7 AND 20 IN PROSTATE AND BLADDER CARCINOMAS Coordinate Expression of Cytokeratins 7 and 20 in Prostate Adenocarcinoma and Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma Nader H. Bassily,

More information

The Impact of Family History of Colon Cancer on Survival after Diagnosis with Colon Cancer

The Impact of Family History of Colon Cancer on Survival after Diagnosis with Colon Cancer International Journal of Epidemiology O International Epfdemlotoglcal Association 1995 Vol. 24, No. 5 Printed In Great Britain The Impact of Family History of Colon Cancer on Survival after Diagnosis with

More information

NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 January 1.

NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 January 1. NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Published in final edited form as: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2010 January ; 19(1): 144 147. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0807. Feasibility Study for Collection

More information

Introduction to REMARK: Reporting tumour marker prognostic studies

Introduction to REMARK: Reporting tumour marker prognostic studies Introduction to REMARK: Reporting tumour marker prognostic studies Doug Altman The EQUATOR Network Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Oxford, UK C 1 S M Reliable research Reliability is determined by proper

More information

WT1, Estrogen Receptor, and Progesterone Receptor as Markers for Breast or Ovarian Primary Sites in Metastatic Adenocarcinoma to Body Fluids

WT1, Estrogen Receptor, and Progesterone Receptor as Markers for Breast or Ovarian Primary Sites in Metastatic Adenocarcinoma to Body Fluids Anatomic Pathology / WT1, ESTROGEN RECEPTOR, AND PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR IN CYTOLOGY OF BODY FLUIDS WT1, Estrogen Receptor, and Progesterone Receptor as Markers for Breast or Ovarian Primary Sites in Metastatic

More information

Brief Formalin Fixation and Rapid Tissue Processing Do Not Affect the Sensitivity of ER Immunohistochemistry of Breast Core Biopsies

Brief Formalin Fixation and Rapid Tissue Processing Do Not Affect the Sensitivity of ER Immunohistochemistry of Breast Core Biopsies Brief Formalin Fixation and Rapid Tissue Processing Do Not Affect the Sensitivity of ER Immunohistochemistry of Breast Core Biopsies Victoria Sujoy, MD, Mehrdad Nadji, MD, and Azorides R. Morales, MD From

More information

Reproductive factors, age at maximum height, and risk of three histologic types of breast cancer

Reproductive factors, age at maximum height, and risk of three histologic types of breast cancer Title: Reproductive factors, age at maximum height, and risk of three histologic types of breast cancer Authors: Elisabeth F. Beaber, M.P.H. 1, 2 Victoria L. Holt, Ph.D. 1,2 Kathleen E. Malone, Ph.D. 1,2

More information

ER-P Expression in Different Thyroid Carcinomas: Immunohistochemical Study

ER-P Expression in Different Thyroid Carcinomas: Immunohistochemical Study Med. J. Cairo Univ., Vol. 85, No. 6, September: 5-9, 17 www.medicaljournalofcairouniversity.net ER-P Expression in Different Thyroid Carcinomas: Immunohistochemical Study MIRAN A. EL-KORDY, M.Sc.; FAHIMA

More information

CD15 and CEA expression in thymic epithelial neoplasms

CD15 and CEA expression in thymic epithelial neoplasms Turkish Journal of Cancer Volume 8, No., 8 CD and CEA expression in thymic epithelial neoplasms AYTEKİN AKYOL, AYŞEGÜL ÜNER Hacettepe University, Department of Pathology, Ankara-Turkey ABSTRACT The aim

More information

Claudin-4 Expression in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Correlation with Androgen Receptors and Ki-67 Expression

Claudin-4 Expression in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Correlation with Androgen Receptors and Ki-67 Expression Claudin-4 Expression in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Correlation with Androgen Receptors and Ki-67 Expression Mona A. Abd-Elazeem, Marwa A. Abd- Elazeem Pathology department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta

More information

Mammographic density and risk of breast cancer by tumor characteristics: a casecontrol

Mammographic density and risk of breast cancer by tumor characteristics: a casecontrol Krishnan et al. BMC Cancer (2017) 17:859 DOI 10.1186/s12885-017-3871-7 RESEARCH ARTICLE Mammographic density and risk of breast cancer by tumor characteristics: a casecontrol study Open Access Kavitha

More information

Immunohistochemistry on Fluid Specimens: Technical Considerations

Immunohistochemistry on Fluid Specimens: Technical Considerations Immunohistochemistry on Fluid Specimens: Technical Considerations Blake Gilks Dept of Pathology University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Disclosures None Learning Objectives At the end of

More information

Immunotherapy in NSCLC Pathologist role

Immunotherapy in NSCLC Pathologist role Immunotherapy in NSCLC Pathologist role Pimpin Incharoen, M.D. Assistant Professor, Thoracic Pathology Department of Pathology, Ramathibodi Hospital Genetic alterations in NSCLC Khono et al, Trans Lung

More information

Higher expression of deoxyuridine triphosphatase (dutpase) may predict the metastasis potential of colorectal cancer

Higher expression of deoxyuridine triphosphatase (dutpase) may predict the metastasis potential of colorectal cancer 1 Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan; 2 Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; 3 Biostatistics Center, Kurume University,

More information

Tumour markers in breast carcinoma correlate with grade rather than with invasiveness

Tumour markers in breast carcinoma correlate with grade rather than with invasiveness doi: 10.1054/ bjoc.2001.1995, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on http://www.bjcancer.com Tumour markers in breast carcinoma correlate with grade rather than with invasiveness F Wärnberg

More information

Prosigna BREAST CANCER PROGNOSTIC GENE SIGNATURE ASSAY

Prosigna BREAST CANCER PROGNOSTIC GENE SIGNATURE ASSAY Prosigna BREAST CANCER PROGNOSTIC GENE SIGNATURE ASSAY Methodology The test is based on the reported 50-gene classifier algorithm originally named PAM50 and is performed on the ncounter Dx Analysis System

More information

Prosigna BREAST CANCER PROGNOSTIC GENE SIGNATURE ASSAY

Prosigna BREAST CANCER PROGNOSTIC GENE SIGNATURE ASSAY Prosigna BREAST CANCER PROGNOSTIC GENE SIGNATURE ASSAY GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING WITH PROSIGNA What is Prosigna? Prosigna Breast Cancer Prognostic Gene Signature Assay is an FDA-approved assay which provides

More information

VENTANA MMR IHC Panel Interpretation Guide for Staining of Colorectal Tissue

VENTANA MMR IHC Panel Interpretation Guide for Staining of Colorectal Tissue VENTANA MMR IHC Panel Interpretation Guide for Staining of Colorectal Tissue VENTANA anti-mlh1 (M1) Mouse Monoclonal Primary Antibody VENTANA anti-pms2 (A16-4) Mouse Monoclonal Primary Antibody VENTANA

More information

What kind of material should we use for ICC in our daily routine. Torill Sauer Department of Pathology, Akershus University Hospital

What kind of material should we use for ICC in our daily routine. Torill Sauer Department of Pathology, Akershus University Hospital What kind of material should we use for ICC in our daily routine Torill Sauer Department of Pathology, Akershus University Hospital Diversity of preparing cytological material Cell block Direct smears

More information

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) Assessment Run 37 2013 Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) Material The slide to be stained for CEA comprised: 1. Appendix, 2. Liver, 3-4. Colon adenocarcinoma, 5. Urothelial carcinoma All tissues were fixed

More information

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE-1 (TIMP-1) IN INVASIVE BREAST CARCINOMA

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE-1 (TIMP-1) IN INVASIVE BREAST CARCINOMA & IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE-1 (TIMP-1) IN INVASIVE BREAST CARCINOMA Suada Kuskunović*, Svjetlana Radović, Mirsad Dorić, Ajna Hukić, Mirsad Babić, Ivana Tomić,

More information

Chapter 13 Cancer of the Female Breast

Chapter 13 Cancer of the Female Breast Lynn A. Gloeckler Ries and Milton P. Eisner INTRODUCTION This study presents survival analyses for female breast cancer based on 302,763 adult cases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results

More information

Downloaded from:

Downloaded from: Ellingjord-Dale, M; Vos, L; Tretli, S; Hofvind, S; Dos-Santos-Silva, I; Ursin, G (2017) Parity, hormones and breast cancer subtypes - results from a large nested case-control study in a national screening

More information

Expression of the Tumour Suppressor Gene p53 in Odontogenic Cysts

Expression of the Tumour Suppressor Gene p53 in Odontogenic Cysts Turk J Med Sci 33 (2003) 243-247 TÜB TAK CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS Expression of the Tumour Suppressor Gene p53 in Odontogenic Cysts Ayla ÖZVEREN 1, Can TUSKAN 3, Mehmet YALTIRIK 3, Belir ATALAY 3, Gülçin

More information

Patterns of E.cadherin and Estrogen receptor Expression in Histological Sections of Sudanese Patients with Breast Carcinoma

Patterns of E.cadherin and Estrogen receptor Expression in Histological Sections of Sudanese Patients with Breast Carcinoma Patterns of E.cadherin and Estrogen receptor Expression in Histological Sections of Sudanese Patients with Breast Carcinoma Hadia. Mohammed. Abdalla. Abdalrhman *, Elsadig.A.Adam, Ayda.D.A.Allatif 3,'Namareg.E.Afadul

More information

Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, and Her-2/neu Oncogene Expression in Breast Cancers Among Bangladeshi Women

Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, and Her-2/neu Oncogene Expression in Breast Cancers Among Bangladeshi Women Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons Vol. 28, No. 3, September 2010 Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, and Her-2/neu Oncogene Expression in Breast Cancers Among Bangladeshi Women

More information

Expression of androgen receptors in primary breast cancer

Expression of androgen receptors in primary breast cancer Annals of Oncology 21: 488 492, 2010 doi:10.1093/annonc/mdp510 Published online 3 November 2009 Expression of androgen receptors in primary breast cancer S. Park 1, J. Koo 2, H. S. Park 1, J.-H. Kim 1,

More information

Immunohistochemistry in Breast Pathology- Brief Overview of the Technique and Applications in Breast Pathology

Immunohistochemistry in Breast Pathology- Brief Overview of the Technique and Applications in Breast Pathology SMGr up Immunohistochemistry in Breast Pathology- Brief Overview of the Technique and Applications in Breast Pathology Bhanumathi K Rao 1 * 1 Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, a constituent

More information

2. Studies of Cancer in Humans

2. Studies of Cancer in Humans 346 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 72 2. Studies of Cancer in Humans 2.1 Breast cancer 2.1.1 Results of published studies Eight studies have been published on the relationship between the incidence of breast cancer

More information

Value of antimesothelioma HBME 1 in the diagnosis of inflammatory and malignant pleural effusions

Value of antimesothelioma HBME 1 in the diagnosis of inflammatory and malignant pleural effusions Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology 2006, 47(4):351 355 ORIGINAL PAPER Value of antimesothelioma HBME 1 in the diagnosis of inflammatory and malignant pleural effusions LILIANA MOCANU 1), ANCA

More information

Commuting Physical Activity and Risk of Colon Cancer in Shanghai, China

Commuting Physical Activity and Risk of Colon Cancer in Shanghai, China American Journal of Epidemiology Copyright 2004 by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health All rights reserved Vol. 160, No. 9 Printed in U.S.A. DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwh301 Commuting Physical Activity

More information

Carcinoembryonic Antigen Immunoreactivity Patterns in Colorectal Cancer: Correlation with Morphologic Parameters

Carcinoembryonic Antigen Immunoreactivity Patterns in Colorectal Cancer: Correlation with Morphologic Parameters Carcinoembryonic Antigen Immunoreactivity Patterns in Colorectal Cancer: Correlation with Morphologic Parameters Simun Andelinovic, MD; Jerolim Bakotin, MD; Zeljko Dujic, MD; Deny Andelinovic, MD; Robert

More information

Dr. dr. Primariadewi R, SpPA(K)

Dr. dr. Primariadewi R, SpPA(K) Curriculum Vitae Dr. dr. Primariadewi R, SpPA(K) Education : Medical Doctor from UKRIDA Doctoral Degree from Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia Pathologist Specialist and Consultant from Faculty

More information

The determination of estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor

The determination of estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor The Utility of Estrogen Receptor and Progesterone Receptor Immunohistochemistry in the Distinction of Metastatic Breast Carcinoma From Other Tumors in the Liver Jason W. Nash, DO; Carl Morrison, MD; Wendy

More information

Measure Description. Denominator Statement

Measure Description. Denominator Statement CMS ID/CMS QCDR ID: CAP 18 Title: Mismatch Repair (MMR) or Microsatellite Instability (MSI) Biomarker Testing to Inform Clinical Management and Treatment Decisions in Patients with Primary or Metastatic

More information

Postmenopausal hormone therapy and cancer risk

Postmenopausal hormone therapy and cancer risk International Congress Series 1279 (2005) 133 140 www.ics-elsevier.com Postmenopausal hormone therapy and cancer risk P. Kenemans*, R.A. Verstraeten, R.H.M. Verheijen Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,

More information

University of Vienna Medical School, Vienna, Austria

University of Vienna Medical School, Vienna, Austria FERTILITY AND STERILITY VOL. 81, NO. 4, APRIL 2004 Copyright 2004 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Published by Elsevier Inc. Printed on acid-free paper in U.S.A. Estrogen and progesterone receptor

More information

THE STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIGARETTE SMOKING AND THE p53 PROTEIN AND P21 PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN NON-SMALL LUNG CANCER

THE STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIGARETTE SMOKING AND THE p53 PROTEIN AND P21 PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN NON-SMALL LUNG CANCER ( Thmese Journal of ('ancer Research 8(3): 187-19L 1996. THE STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIGARETTE SMOKING AND THE p53 PROTEIN AND P21 PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN NON-SMALL LUNG CANCER ZhouBaosen )~j'#:~ lleanguang

More information

BREAST CANCER AND BONE HEALTH

BREAST CANCER AND BONE HEALTH BREAST CANCER AND BONE HEALTH Rowena Ridout, MD, FRCPC Toronto Western Hospital Osteoporosis Program University Health Network / Mount Sinai Hospital rowena.ridout@uhn.ca None to declare Conflicts of Interest

More information

Interobserver Agreement and Assay Reproducibility of Folate Receptor a Expression in Lung Adenocarcinoma

Interobserver Agreement and Assay Reproducibility of Folate Receptor a Expression in Lung Adenocarcinoma Interobserver Agreement and Assay Reproducibility of Folate Receptor a Expression in Lung Adenocarcinoma A Prognostic Marker and Potential Therapeutic Target Ryan E. Bremer, PhD; Tatiana S. Scoggin, MS;

More information

The College of American Pathologists (CAP) offers these

The College of American Pathologists (CAP) offers these CAP Laboratory Improvement Programs Template for Reporting Results of Biomarker Testing of Specimens From Patients With Carcinoma of the Endometrium Teri A. Longacre, MD; Russell Broaddus, MD, PhD; Linus

More information

Clinical utility of cancer biomarkers assessed by virtual microscopy

Clinical utility of cancer biomarkers assessed by virtual microscopy Clinical utility of cancer biomarkers assessed by virtual microscopy Lina Seiz Clinical Research Unit Head: Prof. Dr. Manfred Schmitt Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Klinikum rechts der Isar Established

More information

Correlation between expression and significance of δ-catenin, CD31, and VEGF of non-small cell lung cancer

Correlation between expression and significance of δ-catenin, CD31, and VEGF of non-small cell lung cancer Correlation between expression and significance of δ-catenin, CD31, and VEGF of non-small cell lung cancer X.L. Liu 1, L.D. Liu 2, S.G. Zhang 1, S.D. Dai 3, W.Y. Li 1 and L. Zhang 1 1 Thoracic Surgery,

More information

Quality Indicators - Anatomic Pathology- HSC/STC Jul-Sep 2 nd Qtr. Apr-Jun 1 st Qtr

Quality Indicators - Anatomic Pathology- HSC/STC Jul-Sep 2 nd Qtr. Apr-Jun 1 st Qtr Eastern Health Volume 86 Page 001 CIHRT Exhibit P-3595 Page 1 INDICATOR Financial Overtime Hours / FTE Workload Increase - FTE equivalent Workload Quality Indicators - Anatomic Pathology- HSC/STC TOTAL

More information

W3C Life Sciences: Clinical Observations Interoperability: EMR + Clinical Trials Use-case for EMR + Clinical Trials Interoperability

W3C Life Sciences: Clinical Observations Interoperability: EMR + Clinical Trials Use-case for EMR + Clinical Trials Interoperability W3C Life Sciences: Clinical Observations Interoperability: EMR + Clinical Trials Use-case for EMR + Clinical Trials Interoperability Background: The key issue is to investigate whether some of the data

More information

Bronx Community Health Dashboard: Breast Cancer

Bronx Community Health Dashboard: Breast Cancer Bronx Community Health Dashboard: Breast Cancer Last Updated: 1/19/18 See last slide for more information about this project. While breast cancer can occur among men, it is very rare. This dashboard focuses

More information

Measure Specifications Measure Description

Measure Specifications Measure Description CMS ID/CMS QCDR ID: CAP 15 Title: BRAF Biomarker Testing to Inform Clinical Management and Treatment Decisions in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Specifications Description Denominator

More information

LIST OF ORGANS FOR HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS:!! Neural!!!!!!Respiratory:! Brain : Cerebrum,!!! Lungs and trachea! Olfactory, Cerebellum!!!!Other:!

LIST OF ORGANS FOR HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS:!! Neural!!!!!!Respiratory:! Brain : Cerebrum,!!! Lungs and trachea! Olfactory, Cerebellum!!!!Other:! LIST OF ORGANS FOR HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS:!! Neural!!!!!!Respiratory:! Brain : Cerebrum,!!! Lungs and trachea! Olfactory, Cerebellum!!!!Other:! Spinal cord and peripheral nerves! Eyes, Inner ear, nasal

More information

Breast Cancer Risk and Disease Outcomes for Australian Aboriginal Women

Breast Cancer Risk and Disease Outcomes for Australian Aboriginal Women Breast Cancer Risk and Disease Outcomes for Australian Aboriginal Women On the Agenda How frequent is breast cancer in the Indigenous population relative to non- Indigenous people. How do breast cancer

More information

Neuroendocrine differentiation in pure type mammary mucinous carcinoma is associated with favorable histologic and immunohistochemical parameters

Neuroendocrine differentiation in pure type mammary mucinous carcinoma is associated with favorable histologic and immunohistochemical parameters & 2004 USCAP, Inc All rights reserved 0893-3952/04 $25.00 www.modernpathology.org Neuroendocrine differentiation in pure type mammary mucinous carcinoma is associated with favorable histologic and immunohistochemical

More information

Morphologic Criteria of Invasive Colonic Adenocarcinoma on Biopsy Specimens

Morphologic Criteria of Invasive Colonic Adenocarcinoma on Biopsy Specimens ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Pathology Volume 12 Number 1 Morphologic Criteria of Invasive Colonic Adenocarcinoma on Biopsy Specimens C Rose, H Wu Citation C Rose, H Wu.. The Internet Journal of Pathology.

More information

RESEARCH ARTICLE. Abstract. Introduction

RESEARCH ARTICLE. Abstract. Introduction DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.18.7959 Comparison of Single Hormone Receptor Positive and Double Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancers RESEARCH ARTICLE Do Clinical Features and Survival

More information

Breast Cancer Assays of Genetic Expression in Tumor Tissue

Breast Cancer Assays of Genetic Expression in Tumor Tissue Breast Cancer Assays of Genetic Expression in Tumor Tissue Policy Number: Original Effective Date: MM.12.009 12/02/2008 Line(s) of Business: Current Effective Date Section: 05/25/2018 Other Miscellaneous

More information

Breast cancer followed by corpus cancer: Is there a higher risk for aggressive histologic subtypes?

Breast cancer followed by corpus cancer: Is there a higher risk for aggressive histologic subtypes? Gynecologic Oncology 102 (2006) 508 512 www.elsevier.com/locate/ygyno Breast cancer followed by corpus cancer: Is there a higher risk for aggressive histologic subtypes? John K. Chan a,, Michael R. Manuel

More information

Comparison of core oestrogen receptor (ER) assay with excised tumour: intratumoral distribution of ER in breast carcinoma

Comparison of core oestrogen receptor (ER) assay with excised tumour: intratumoral distribution of ER in breast carcinoma J Clin Pathol 1;54:951 955 951 Department of Pathology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, CardiV, South Glamorgan, CF14 4XN, UK A G Douglas-Jones N Collett J M Morgan B Jasani Correspondence

More information

Good Old clinical markers have similar power in breast cancer prognosis as microarray gene expression profilers q

Good Old clinical markers have similar power in breast cancer prognosis as microarray gene expression profilers q European Journal of Cancer 40 (2004) 1837 1841 European Journal of Cancer www.ejconline.com Good Old clinical markers have similar power in breast cancer prognosis as microarray gene expression profilers

More information

Supplementary Methods: Omalizumab Trial This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at the University of Utah Hospital and

Supplementary Methods: Omalizumab Trial This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at the University of Utah Hospital and Supplementary Methods: Omalizumab Trial This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at the University of Utah Hospital and Primary Children s Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, both

More information

# Best Practices for IHC Detection and Interpretation of ER, PR, and HER2 Protein Overexpression in Breast Cancer

# Best Practices for IHC Detection and Interpretation of ER, PR, and HER2 Protein Overexpression in Breast Cancer #1034 - Best Practices for IHC Detection and Interpretation of ER, PR, and HER2 Protein Overexpression in Breast Cancer Richard W. Cartun, MS, PhD Andrew Ricci, Jr, MD Department of Pathology Hartford

More information

Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF1) Assessment run

Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF1) Assessment run Thyroid transcription factor- (TTF) Assessment run 39 203 The slide to be stained for TTF comprised:. Thyroid gland, 2. Liver, 3. Normal lung, 4. Lung adenocarcinoma 5. Colon adenocarcinoma, 6 & 7. Lung

More information

Correlation between Immunohistochemical and Biochemical Estrogen Receptors in the Prognosis of Patients with Breast Cancer

Correlation between Immunohistochemical and Biochemical Estrogen Receptors in the Prognosis of Patients with Breast Cancer r ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY (1999) 17:107-112 Correlation between Immunohistochemical and Biochemical Estrogen Receptors in the Prognosis of Patients with Breast Cancer Sunanta Chariyalertsak\

More information

Characterization and significance of MUC1 and c-myc expression in elderly patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma

Characterization and significance of MUC1 and c-myc expression in elderly patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma Characterization and significance of MUC1 and c-myc expression in elderly patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma Y.-J. Hu 1, X.-Y. Luo 2, Y. Yang 3, C.-Y. Chen 1, Z.-Y. Zhang 4 and X. Guo 1 1 Department

More information

The importance of COX-2 expression as prognostic factor in early breast cancer

The importance of COX-2 expression as prognostic factor in early breast cancer JBUON 2013; 18(3): 579-584 ISSN: 1107-0625, online ISSN: 2241-6293 www.jbuon.com E-mail: editorial_office@jbuon.com ORIGINAL ARTICLE The importance of COX-2 expression as prognostic factor in early breast

More information

Key words: superoxide dismutase, colo-rectal cancer, immunohistochemistry

Key words: superoxide dismutase, colo-rectal cancer, immunohistochemistry Key words: superoxide dismutase, colo-rectal cancer, immunohistochemistry Table I Immunohistochemical stainins of SOD in the colorectal cancer Histological diagnosis normal mucosa # cancer well diff. moderate

More information

Androgen Receptor Expression in Estrogen Receptor Negative Breast Cancer Immunohistochemical, Clinical, and Prognostic Associations

Androgen Receptor Expression in Estrogen Receptor Negative Breast Cancer Immunohistochemical, Clinical, and Prognostic Associations Anatomic Pathology / ANDROGEN RECEPTOR IN BREAST CANCER Androgen Receptor Expression in Estrogen Receptor Negative Breast Cancer Immunohistochemical, Clinical, and Prognostic Associations S. Nicholas Agoff,

More information

ISPUB.COM. C Choccalingam, L Rao INTRODUCTION ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS

ISPUB.COM. C Choccalingam, L Rao INTRODUCTION ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Pathology Volume 13 Number 1 Learning Experience In Immunohistochemical Reporting Of Breast Cancer At A Rural Tertiary Hospital In India: A Comparison In Initial And Reviewed

More information

Florida Cancer Data System, University of Miami. Presentation for the Annual Conference of the North American Association of Central Cancer

Florida Cancer Data System, University of Miami. Presentation for the Annual Conference of the North American Association of Central Cancer Hernandez, MN, Mackinnon, JA, Fleming, LE, Lee, DJ Florida Cancer Data System, University of Miami Presentation for the Annual Conference of the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries

More information

1. Collaborative Group on Epidemiological Studies of Ovarian Cancer. Ovarian cancer and oral contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of data from 45

1. Collaborative Group on Epidemiological Studies of Ovarian Cancer. Ovarian cancer and oral contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of data from 45 1 2 3 1. Collaborative Group on Epidemiological Studies of Ovarian Cancer. Ovarian cancer and oral contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of data from 45 epidemiological studies including 23,257 women

More information

GLUT-1: an extra diagnostic tool to differentiate between haemangiomas and vascular malformations q

GLUT-1: an extra diagnostic tool to differentiate between haemangiomas and vascular malformations q The British Association of Plastic Surgeons (2005) 58, 348 352 GLUT-1: an extra diagnostic tool to differentiate between haemangiomas and vascular malformations q J. Leon-Villapalos a, K. Wolfe b, L. Kangesu

More information

Estrogen receptor (ER)

Estrogen receptor (ER) Material The slide to be stained for ER comprised: Assessment Run B26 2018 Estrogen receptor (ER) No. Tissue ER-positivity* ER-intensity* 1. Uterine cervix 80-90% Moderate to strong 2. Tonsil 1-5% Weak

More information

Large Colorectal Adenomas An Approach to Pathologic Evaluation

Large Colorectal Adenomas An Approach to Pathologic Evaluation Anatomic Pathology / LARGE COLORECTAL ADENOMAS AND PATHOLOGIC EVALUATION Large Colorectal Adenomas An Approach to Pathologic Evaluation Elizabeth D. Euscher, MD, 1 Theodore H. Niemann, MD, 1 Joel G. Lucas,

More information

H Jernström, J Frenander, M Fernö and H Olsson

H Jernström, J Frenander, M Fernö and H Olsson Article no. bjoc.1999.0543 Hormone replacement therapy before breast cancer diagnosis significantly reduces the overall death rate compared with never-use among 984 breast cancer patients H Jernström,

More information

Clinical Policy Title: Breast cancer index genetic testing

Clinical Policy Title: Breast cancer index genetic testing Clinical Policy Title: Breast cancer index genetic testing Clinical Policy Number: 02.01.22 Effective Date: January 1, 2017 Initial Review Date: October 19, 2016 Most Recent Review Date: October 19, 2016

More information

Case history: Figure 1. H&E, 5x. Figure 2. H&E, 20x.

Case history: Figure 1. H&E, 5x. Figure 2. H&E, 20x. 1 Case history: A 49 year-old female presented with a 5 year history of chronic anal fissure. The patient s past medical history is otherwise unremarkable. On digital rectal examination there was a very

More information

Serum levels of 25-OH vitamin D, folic acid and testosterone in patients with breast cancer: a case control study

Serum levels of 25-OH vitamin D, folic acid and testosterone in patients with breast cancer: a case control study Asian Biomedicine Vol. 5 No. 5 October 2011; 663-667 Brief communication (Original) DOI: 10.5372/1905-7415.0505.097 Serum levels of 25-OH vitamin D, folic acid and testosterone in patients with breast

More information

Case #1: 75 y/o Male (treated and followed by prostate cancer oncology specialist ).

Case #1: 75 y/o Male (treated and followed by prostate cancer oncology specialist ). SOLID TUMORS WORKSHOP Cases for review Prostate Cancer Case #1: 75 y/o Male (treated and followed by prostate cancer oncology specialist ). January 2009 PSA 4.4, 20% free; August 2009 PSA 5.2; Sept 2009

More information

RNA preparation from extracted paraffin cores:

RNA preparation from extracted paraffin cores: Supplementary methods, Nielsen et al., A comparison of PAM50 intrinsic subtyping with immunohistochemistry and clinical prognostic factors in tamoxifen-treated estrogen receptor positive breast cancer.

More information

Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Elderly Women

Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Elderly Women American Journal Epidemiology Copyright 2004 by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School Public Health All rights reserved Vol. 160, 9 Printed in U.S.A. DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwh276 Risk Factors for Breast Cancer

More information

Factors Associated with Early Versus Late Development of Breast and Ovarian Cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Positive Women

Factors Associated with Early Versus Late Development of Breast and Ovarian Cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Positive Women Texas Medical Center Library DigitalCommons@The Texas Medical Center UT GSBS Dissertations and Theses (Open Access) Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences 5-2010 Factors Associated with Early Versus Late

More information

Chemo-endocrine prevention of breast cancer

Chemo-endocrine prevention of breast cancer Chemo-endocrine prevention of breast cancer Andrea DeCensi, MD Division of Medical Oncology Ospedali Galliera, Genova; Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Milano;

More information

CME/SAM. Expression of Hepatocyte Antigen in Small Intestinal Epithelium and Adenocarcinoma

CME/SAM. Expression of Hepatocyte Antigen in Small Intestinal Epithelium and Adenocarcinoma Anatomic Pathology / Hepatocyte Antigen Expression in Intestine Expression of Hepatocyte Antigen in Small Intestinal Epithelium and Adenocarcinoma Mylinh T. Mac, MD, 1 Fai Chung, 1 Fan Lin, MD, PhD, 2

More information

Breast Cancer Risk Assessment and Prevention

Breast Cancer Risk Assessment and Prevention Breast Cancer Risk Assessment and Prevention Katherine B. Lee, MD, FACP October 4, 2017 STATISTICS More than 252,000 cases of breast cancer will be diagnosed this year alone. About 40,000 women will die

More information

Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha and carbonic anhydrase IX overexpression are associated with poor survival in breast cancer patients

Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha and carbonic anhydrase IX overexpression are associated with poor survival in breast cancer patients Journal of BUON 17: 663-668, 2012 2012 Zerbinis Medical Publications. Printed in Greece ORIGINAL ARTICLE Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha and carbonic anhydrase IX overexpression are associated with poor

More information

RALOXIFENE Generic Brand HICL GCN Exception/Other RALOXIFENE EVISTA Is the request for the prevention (risk reduction) of breast cancer?

RALOXIFENE Generic Brand HICL GCN Exception/Other RALOXIFENE EVISTA Is the request for the prevention (risk reduction) of breast cancer? Generic Brand HICL GCN Exception/Other RALOXIFENE EVISTA 16917 GUIDELINES FOR USE 1. Is the request for the prevention (risk reduction) of breast cancer? If yes, continue to #2. If no, approve by HICL

More information

Gene Expression Profiling for Managing Breast Cancer Treatment. Policy Specific Section: Medical Necessity and Investigational / Experimental

Gene Expression Profiling for Managing Breast Cancer Treatment. Policy Specific Section: Medical Necessity and Investigational / Experimental Medical Policy Gene Expression Profiling for Managing Breast Cancer Treatment Type: Medical Necessity and Investigational / Experimental Policy Specific Section: Laboratory/Pathology Original Policy Date:

More information

THERE IS CONSIDERABLE EVIdence

THERE IS CONSIDERABLE EVIdence ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Relationship Between Long Durations and Different Regimens of Hormone Therapy and Risk of Breast Cancer Christopher I. Li, MD, PhD Kathleen E. Malone, PhD Peggy L. Porter, MD Noel

More information

Interpretation Manual - Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma. PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmdx is FDA-approved for in vitro diagnostic use

Interpretation Manual - Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma. PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmdx is FDA-approved for in vitro diagnostic use Interpretation Manual - Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmdx is FDA-approved for in vitro diagnostic use For countries outside of the United States, see the local

More information

Subnuclear Distribution of Progesterone Receptors A and B in Normal and Malignant Endometrium

Subnuclear Distribution of Progesterone Receptors A and B in Normal and Malignant Endometrium 0021-972X/04/$15.00/0 The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 89(3):1429 1442 Printed in U.S.A. Copyright 2004 by The Endocrine Society doi: 10.1210/jc.2003-031111 Subnuclear Distribution of

More information

To enable high quality in the diagnosis of cancer patients,

To enable high quality in the diagnosis of cancer patients, RESEARCH ARTICLE Tissue Thickness Effects on Immunohistochemical Staining of Markers of Cancer Adrienne S. McCampbell, PhD, Varun Raghunathan, PhD, May Tom-Moy, PhD, Richard K. Workman, PhD, Rick Haven,

More information

Applications of IHC. Determination of the primary site in metastatic tumors of unknown origin

Applications of IHC. Determination of the primary site in metastatic tumors of unknown origin Applications of IHC Determination of the primary site in metastatic tumors of unknown origin Classification of tumors that appear 'undifferentiated' by standard light microscopy Precise classification

More information

Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Closer Look at the Characteristics of These Diverse Tumors

Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Closer Look at the Characteristics of These Diverse Tumors Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Closer Look at the Characteristics of These Diverse Tumors Jaume Capdevila, MD, PhD Vall d'hebron University Hospital Vall d'hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO)

More information

Utah Influenza Report This report contains data through the week ending 12/15/2012 (MMWR week 50).

Utah Influenza Report This report contains data through the week ending 12/15/2012 (MMWR week 50). This report contains data through the week ending 12/15/212 (MMWR week 5). Overview of Influenza Surveillance: Surveillance for the 212 213 influenza season officially began on September 3, 212. The Utah

More information

Template for Reporting Results of Biomarker Testing of Specimens From Patients With Carcinoma of the Breast

Template for Reporting Results of Biomarker Testing of Specimens From Patients With Carcinoma of the Breast Template for Reporting Results of Biomarker Testing of Specimens From Patients With Carcinoma of the Breast Version: Template Posting Date: January 2018 Includes requirements from the 2017 CAP Accreditation

More information

Urothelial Carcinoma (UC)

Urothelial Carcinoma (UC) EDUCATION PD-L1 IHC 28-8 pharmdx Interpretation Manual Urothelial Carcinoma (UC) For In Vitro Diagnostic Use Table of Contents Introduction...5 Intended Use in Urothelial Carcinoma...5 How to Use the

More information