Basal phenotype: a powerful prognostic factor in small screen-detected invasive breast cancer with long-term follow-up ...
|
|
- Robyn Moody
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 21 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Basal phenotype: a powerful prognostic factor in small screen-detected invasive breast cancer with long-term follow-up A J Evans, E A Rakha, S E Pinder, A R Green, C Paish and I O Ellis... J Med Screen 27;14: See end of article for authors affiliations... Correspondence to: A J Evans, Breast Institute, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK; andrew.evans@nuh.nhs.uk Accepted for publication 1 March Objective To assess the frequency and prognostic significance of a basal phenotype in a group of women with screen-detected invasive breast cancers with long-term follow-up and to focus particularly on women with small (o15 mm) breast cancers. Methods The study group was derived by finding women common to a consecutive series of 1944 invasive breast cancers diagnosed in Nottingham between 1986 and 1998 with a known basal phenotype status and a prospectively collected database of all screen-detected breast cancers. In total, 356 women constituted the study group. Pathological and radiological features were recorded. Basal cell markers used were CK5/6 (cloned5/16134) and CK14 (clone LL2). Tumours were classified as of basal phenotype if > or ¼ 1% staining was seen with either marker. Results Of all screen-detected lesions, 43 (12%) had a basal immunophenotype and 313 (88%) were non-basal. There were 15 (35%) and 4 (13%) breast cancer deaths in the basal group and nonbasal groups, respectively (P ¼.6). On univariate analysis, nodal stage, histological grade, lympho-vascular invasion (LVI) status, invasive size and basal phenotype had prognostic significance. On multivariate analysis, basal phenotype, LVI and nodal stage maintain prognostic significance. Of the 189 women with o15 mm lesions, eight of 2 (4%) of the basal group and eight of 169 (5%) of the non-basal group died of breast cancer (Po.1). On multivariate analysis, basal phenotype was the only factor to maintain independent prognostic significance. Conclusions Basal phenotype is a powerful prognostic factor for women with small screen-detected invasive breast cancer. INTRODUCTION The prognosis of small (o15 mm) invasive breast cancers is generally good. 1,2 A significant proportion of women with such tumours do, however, eventually die of breast cancer. Identifying those women in this group who are at a higher risk of breast cancer death would enable powerful adjuvant systemic therapies to be focused on this subgroup, while women with a very low risk of breast cancer deaths might be spared the morbidity of such adjuvant systemic therapy. The traditional three main breast cancer prognostic factors, namely size, lymph node stage 3,4 and histological grade, 5 are of less value in predicting the behaviour of small screen-detected lesions than in larger tumours. 6 Grade ceases to have prognostic importance at small sizes, 2 while lymph node positivity is present in less than half of the women in this group who die of breast cancer. 2,6 Further sub-division of the invasive tumour size of cancers o15 mm in extent also fails to give robust prognostic information. 2 However in recent years, lympho-vascular invasion (LVI) has been shown to add prognostic information, especially in women who are node negative. 7,8 In an attempt to improve prognostication in women with small screen-detected breast cancers, other novel approaches have been pursued. A number of studies have looked at whether mammographic appearance confers prognostic information. Some have suggested that the presence of mammographic comedo calcification indicates a poor prognosis, but others have not been able to confirm this finding. 1,2,9 11 A recent study has also claimed that mammographic spiculation is an independent good prognostic factor in this group. 12 Normal breast ducts consist of two layers, an inner layer of epithelial cells, the majority of which express luminal epithelial cytokeratins (e.g. cytokeratins 18 and 19), with lesser numbers of basal/myoepithelial cells with a basal immunophenotype (expressing basal cytokeratins such as 5, 6 and 14) present in normal ducts. These epithelial cells overlie the myoepithelial cell layer in normal breast parenchyma. Using immunohistochemistry, a number of groups have shown that between 2% and 18% 13 of breast cancers express basal markers and that these tumours have a poor prognosis It has been shown that the basal phenotype in invasive breast carcinomas is associated with larger size, higher histological grade, comedo necrosis and with nodal and oestrogen receptor negativity. However, a basal phenotype has also been shown to have independent prognostic significance on multivariate analysis. 14 The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and prognostic significance of the basal immunophenotype in a group of women with screen-detected invasive breast cancers with long-term follow-up and to focus particularly on the significance of this tumour phenotype in women with small (o15 mm) breast cancers.
2 Basal phenotype and screen-detected breast cancer 211 METHODS This study group was derived by combining two data-sets. The first is a consecutive series of 1944 invasive operable breast cancers diagnosed in Nottingham in women under the age of 7 years, between 1986 and 1998 and entered into the Nottingham Tenovus Primary Breast Carcinoma Series. A previous study had ascertained the basal phenotype of this group of patients. 14,15 This data-set was combined with a separate prospectively collected database that included the pathological and radiological findings of all screen-detected invasive breast cancers diagnosed in Nottingham since the inception of mammographic breast screening in (Screening during the study period was of women aged 5 64 years, every three years using two views at first screen and a single medio-lateral oblique view at subsequent screens.) The 356 patients common to both databases constituted the study group used in the present analyses. Pathological features recorded were tumour type, histological grade, nodal status, microscopic invasive size and LVI status (probable LVI was categorized as absent/negative, as is our usual clinical practice). The basal cell markers were determined by immunohistochemistry using antibodies targeted to CK5/6 (cloned5/16134) or CK14 (clone LL2) as previously described. 14 Tumours were classified as being of basal phenotype where 1% or more of tumour cells showed reactivity for CK5/6 and/or CK14. The proportion of patients in each group, which were triple negative (ER, PgR and HER2 negative), was recorded. Radiological features assessed in this study were the presence of mammographic comedo calcification (malignant calcification with any elongated linear or branching forms) and spiculation (the presence of either a spiculated mass or architectural distortion). Patient survival was ascertained from hospital records. When follow-up status or cause of death was not clear, the local cancer registry or the patient s family doctor was contacted for clarification. Statistical methods Analyses of two groups of patients were performed using StatView V on an Apple Macintosh computer. One included all women with screen-detected invasive cancer and the second analysis included only those women whose cancers were o15 mm in size. The histological correlates of basal- and non-basal-type screen-detected cancers were ascertained. The prognostic value of the pathological, immunohistochemical and radiological features were analysed in a univariate fashion with w 2 tests and using Kaplan Meier survival curves with log-rank tests. Multivariate analysis was performed, including all those features that were of significance in initial univariate analysis. The effect of the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) as a prognostic factor for small basal tumours, and the prognostic effect of basal phenotype on small tumours within NPI prognostic groups was evaluated. RESULTS Analysis of all patients The main study group constituted 356 screen-detected cancers (194 prevalent round cancers and 162 incident round cancers). Forty-three (12%) were of basal phenotype and 313 (88%) were non-basal. Those women with basaltype tumours were significantly younger than those with non-basal carcinomas (152 of 313 (49%) 6 years or less versus 23% aged over 6 years, (1 of 43), P ¼.6). The histopathological findings in the basal and non-basal groups are shown in Table 1. Basal tumours were more likely to be high grade than non-basal tumours (P ¼.5). Basal and non-basal tumours had, however, similar lymph node status, tumour size distributions and LVI status. Basal tumours were more likely to be triple negative than nonbasal tumours (Po.1). Mean follow-up in those alive was 12 years in the basal group and 11 years in the non-basal group. In those patients with basal-type carcinomas, there were 15 (35%) breast cancer deaths and one (2%) woman died from other causes. In the non-basal group, there were 4 (13%) breast cancer deaths and 25 (8%) non-breast cancer deaths. The difference in breast cancer deaths was statistically significant (Po.1) between the two groups. Breast cancer-specific survival curves for all patients with basal- and non-basaltype tumours are shown in Figure 1. In univariate analysis, lymph node stage (Po.1), histological grade (Po.1), LVI status (Po.1), invasive tumour size (P ¼.3) and basal phenotype (Po.1) all had prognostic significance as predictors of breast cancer death. Mammographic comedo Table1 Pathological and survival status of 356 screen-detected invasive breast cancers according to basal phenotype Basal, n (%) Non-basal, n (%) Statistical significance Total Breast cancer death 15 (35) 4 (13) P ¼.6 Alive 27 (63) 248 (79) Dead from other cause 1 (2) 25 (8) Grade1 1 (23) 111 (36) P ¼.5 Grade 2 12 (27) 122 (39) Grade 3 21 (49) 79 (25) Node not assessable 2 (6) P ¼.38 Node negative (>3 nodes retrieved) 3 (7) 217 (7) One to three nodes positive 1 (23) 61 (2) Four or more nodes positive 3 (7) 14 (4) Definite vascular invasion 5 (12) 57 (19) P ¼.28 o1 mm 7 (16) 75 (24) P ¼ mm 17 (4) 118 (38) 16 2 mm 11 (26) 66 (21) >2 mm 8 (19) 53 (17) Triple negative 16 (37) 14 (5) Po.1 Journal of Medical Screening 27 Volume 14 Number 4
3 212 Evans et al. calcification and mammographic spiculation were not significantly associated with outcome in this series. In multivariate analysis (Table 2), LVI status, lymph node stage and basal phenotype maintained prognostic significance; histological grade was of borderline significance when basal phenotype was also included. Analysis of small cancers In total, 189 screen-detected cancers were of invasive size of o15 mm. Of these, 2 (11%) were of basal type and 169 (89%) women had tumours of non-basal subtype..2 Chi-Square DF P-Value () Event Times () (1) Event Times (1) Time (Years) Figure 1 Breast cancer-specific survival for patients with invasive breast carcinomas, by basal phenotype The histopathological findings of the basal and non-basal tumours o15 mm in size are shown in Table 3. Basal tumours o15 mm in size were more likely to be high grade than non-basal tumours o15 mm in size (P ¼.7). There was, however, no difference in nodal status, size distribution or LVI status between the groups of small basal and small non-basal tumours. Small basal tumours were more likely to be triple negative than small non-basal tumours (Po,1). There were eight (4%) breast cancer deaths in the patients with basal-type carcinomas o15 mm in size as compared with eight (5%) breast cancer deaths in those with small non-basal-type tumours. This difference in breast cancer deaths between these two groups was statistically significant (Po.1). Breast cancer-specific survival curves for patients with small basal and non-basal tumours are shown in Figure 2. In univariate analysis, nodal stage (Po.1), LVI status (Po.1) and basal phenotype (P ¼.1) had prognostic significance as predictors of breast cancer death in women with small carcinomas. Histological grade, invasive size, mammographic comedo calcification and mammographic spiculation were not significantly associated with outcome in this group of small tumours. The NPI did not significantly predict survival of small basal tumours. Basal phenotype did significantly predict survival of small tumours within the NPI moderate prognostic group (Po.1) (Figure 3) but not the poor prognostic group. In multivariate analysis (Table 4), basal phenotype was the only factor to maintain prognostic significance in this group of patients with invasive breast carcinomas o15 mm in size. DISCUSSION Most women with small screen-detected breast cancers are unlikely to die as a result of their breast cancer. 1,2 Decisions concerning the benefit of adjuvant systemic therapy are Table 2 Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors for all screen-detected invasive breast carcinomas Degrees of freedom Coef Standard error Coef/SE w 2 P value Exp (coef) Grade Nodal stage Basal phenotype Invasive size LVI Coef, coefficient; SE, standard error; LVI, lympho-vascular invasion Table 3 Pathological and survival status of 189 screen-detected invasive breast cancers o15 mm in size according to basal phenotype Basal, n (%) Non-basal, n (%) Statistical significance Total Breast cancer death 8 (4) 8 (5) Po.1 Alive 11 (55) 149 (88) Dead from other cause 1 (5) 12 (7) Grade1 6 (3) 79 (47) P ¼.7 Grade 2 6 (3) 68 (4) Grade 3 8 (4) 22 (13) Node not assessable 12 (7) P ¼.1 Node negative (>3 nodes retrieved) 16 (8) 13 (77) One to three nodes positive 2 (1) 24 (14) Four or more nodes positive 2 (1) 3 (2) Definite vascular invasion 3 (15) 22 (13) P ¼ o1 mm 7 (35) 75 (44) P ¼ mm 13 (65) 94 (56) Triple negative 6 (33) 7 (5) Po.1
4 Basal phenotype and screen-detected breast cancer 213 therefore more difficult in this group than in women with large symptomatic tumours, where the benefits of such therapy are typically more clear cut. These decisions are also complicated by the number and cost of current adjuvant therapies available. Application of the traditional prognostic factors of size, nodal stage and histological grade are less useful in women with small tumours and these features enable identification of only a minority of those women who will eventually die of breast cancer. There is therefore a.2 Chi-Square DF P-Value () Event Times () (1) Event Times (1) Time (Years) Figure 2 Breast cancer-specific survival for patients with o15 mm invasive carcinomas, by basal phenotype.2. 5 Survival Functions NPI: MPG 1 OS 15 2 BASAL No Yes Figure 3 Survival of small invasive cancers in the moderate prognostic group (Nottingham Prognostic index) according to basal phenotype status 25 need for more accurate prognostication in women with small invasive breast cancer. The poor survival of women with tumours which express basal-type cytokeratins was first reported in Subsequent studies have confirmed the early development of recurrences, metastasis and breast cancer death in these patients. 14,18 The reported correlates of tumours with a basal phenotype include large tumour size, high histological grade, negative expression of steroid hormone receptors, FHIT protein, MUC1 and luminal associated cytokeratins and positive expression of p53, epidermal growth factor receptor, BRCA1, P-cadherin and neuroendocrine markers. 14,15 Basal-type tumours have also been reported to have high rates of comedo-type necrosis and lymph node negativity. Some authors have also reported an association between expression of basal markers and HER2 negativity. 19 The correlation between histological comedo-type necrosis and basal phenotype is a possible explanation for studies which have shown an association between mammographic comedo calcification and poor outcome of small screendetected invasive cancer. 1 The current study did not however show an association between mammographic comedo calcification and outcome for either screen-detected cancers as a whole or small screen-detected cancers. This study found that an association between basal phenotype and high tumour grade was maintained in all women with screen-detected cancers but that no association between basal phenotype and large size and nodal negativity was found. The lack of association between invasive tumour size and basal phenotype in this group of screendetected carcinomas may be because large basal tumours present clinically as symptomatic cancers rather than being detected at mammographic screening. The failure of this study to show a correlation between basal phenotype and node negativity may be a function of the relatively small size of this study; there is only a modest association in previous studies. 14 It should be noted that while the strengths of the present study include the length of follow-up (1 11 years) and prospective data collection, these data include only a small number of o15 mm basal-type tumours in total and further confirmation of these findings is required. Nevertheless, we have found that a basal phenotype is a predictor of breast cancer death in women with screendetected carcinoma, and that a basal phenotype is a particularly powerful prognostic indicator in women with small o15 mm tumours. Multivariate analysis has confirmed the independence of this prognostic influence and, indeed, in small lesions a basal phenotype was the only factor to maintain independent prognostic significance in these small invasive breast cancers. In this series, we have used a simple definition of basal phenotype; tumours were included within this category if expression of either of two immunohistochemical markers (cytokeratin 5/6 or cytokeratin 14) showed positivity in 1% or more of tumour cells. We have previously found that using a 5% cut-off did not add to the prognostic potency of basal phenotype status but did reduce the Table 4 Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors for o15 mm invasive cancers Degrees of freedom Coef Standard error Coef/SE w 2 P value Exp (coef) Grade Nodal stage Basal phenotype Invasive size Coef, coefficient; SE, standard error Journal of Medical Screening 27 Volume 14 Number 4
5 214 Evans et al. number of tumours with a basal phenotype. Very few tumours show 1 9% staining, so 1% or more staining was taken to be an appropriate cut-off point. There is some ongoing debate regarding the inclusion criteria for the basal type of breast carcinoma, with some groups suggesting a more restrictive definition such as mandatory ER and HER2 negativity but with either basal markers or epidermal growth factor receptor positive immunohistochemistry. The benefits of a simple definition such as that applied in the present study include the availability of these basal cytokeratin markers in histopathology laboratories, the ease of application and the lower potential for problems with both quality assurance and reproducibility. In addition, if costs of assessment are kept as low as possible, this would aid the ease of undertaking routine basal phenotype status analysis on all invasive breast carcinomas. The size of the difference in breast cancer deaths between those women with small basal-type cancers and those with small non-basal-type lesions (4% and 5%) is large enough to influence adjuvant therapy decisions, if the findings of this study are confirmed by other groups. In the future, it might be possible to withhold adjuvant systemic therapy from a larger proportion of women with small non-basaltype screen-detected tumours while ensuring women with small basal-type cancers receive adjuvant systemic therapy, despite the absence of nodal involvement or LVI. In conclusion, we have found that a basal phenotype is a powerful independent prognostic factor in women with small screen-detected invasive breast cancers with longterm follow-up.... Authors affiliations A J Evans, Radiologist, Radiology, Breast Institute, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK E A Rakha, Pathologist, Histopathology Department, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK S E Pinder, Pathologist, Histopathology Department, Addenbrookes Hospital Cambridge, Cambridge, UK A R Green, Research Scientist, Division of Pathology, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK C Paish, Biomedical Scientist, Histopathology Department, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK I O Ellis, Pathologist, Histopathology Department, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK REFERENCES 1 Tabar L, Chen H-H, Duffy SW, et al. A novel method for prediction of longterm outcome of women with T1a, T1b, and 1 14 mm invasive cancers: a prospective study. Lancet 2;355: James JJ, Evans AJ, Pinder SE, McMillan RD, Wilson ARM, Ellis IO. Is the presence of mammographic comedo calcification really a prognostic factor for small screen detected invasive breast cancer? Clin Rad 23; 58: Carter GL, Allen C, Henson DE. Relation of tumour size, lymph node status and survival in 24,74 breast cancer cases. Cancer 1989;63: Todd JH, Dowle C, Williams MR, et al. Confirmation of a prognostic index in primary breast cancer. Cancer 1987;56: Elston CW, Ellis IO. Pathological prognostic factors in breast cancer. I. The value of histological grade in breast cancer: experience from a large study with long term follow up. Histopathology 1991;19: Tabar L, Duffy SW, Vitak B, Chen H-H, Prevost TC. The natural history of breast cancer what have we learned from screening? Cancer 1999;86: Pinder SE, Ellis IO, Galea M, O Rourke S, Blamey RW, Elston CW. Pathological prognostic factors in breast cancer. III. Vascular invasion: relationship with recurrence and survival in a large study with long term follow-up. Histopathology 1994;24: Kato T, Kameoka S, Kimura T, Nishikawa T, Kobayashi M. Blood vessel invasion as a predictor of long term survival for Japanese women with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 22;73: Tabar L, Tony Chen HH, Amy Yen MF, et al. Mammographic tumour features can predict long-term outcomes reliably in women with 1 14 mm invasive breast carcinoma. Cancer 24;11: Peacock G, Given-Wilson RM, Duffy SW. Mammographic casting-type calcification associated with small screen-detected invasive breast cancer: is this a reliable prognostic indicator. Clin Rad 24;59: Thurfjell E, Thurfjell MG, Lindgren A. Mammographic findings as a predictor of survival in 1 9 mm invasive breast cancers. Worse prognosis for those cases presenting as calcification alone. Breast Cancer Res Treat 21;67: Evans A, Pinder S, James J, Ellis IO, Cornford E. Is mammographic spiculation an independent, good prognostic factor in screen detected invasive breast cancer? AJR 26;187: Nagle RB, Bocker W, Davis JR, et al. Characterisation of breast carcinomas by two monoclonal antibodies distinguishing myoepithelial from luminal epithelial cells. J Histochem Cytochem 1986;34: Rakha EA, Putti TC, Abd El-Rehim DM, et al. Morphological and immunophenotypic analysis of breast carcinomas with basal and myoepithelial differentiation. J Pathol 26;28: Rakha EA, Abd El-Rehim DM, Paish C, et al. Basal phenotype identifies a poor prognostic subgroup of breast cancer of clinical importance. Eur J Cancer 26;42: Nielsen TO, Hsu FD, Jensen K, et al. Immunohistochemical and clinical characterisation of the basal like sub-type of invasive breast cancer. Clin Canc Res 24;1: Dairkee SH, Mayall BH, Smith H, Havkett A. Monoclonal marker that predicts early recurrence in breast cancer. Lancet 1987;1: Rodriguez-Pinilla SM, Sarrio D, Honrado E, et al. Prognostic significance of basal-like phenotype and fascin expression in node-negative invasive breast carcinomas. Clin Cancer Res 26;12: Jones C, Ford E, Gillett C, et al. Molecular cytogenetic identification of subgroups of grade III invasive ductal breast carcinomas with different clinical outcomes. Clin Cancer Res 24;1:
Histological Type. Morphological and Molecular Typing of breast Cancer. Nottingham Tenovus Primary Breast Cancer Study. Survival (%) Ian Ellis
Morphological and Molecular Typing of breast Cancer Ian Ellis Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust Histological Type
More informationTriple Negative Breast Cancer
Triple Negative Breast Cancer Prof. Dr. Pornchai O-charoenrat Division of Head-Neck & Breast Surgery Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Breast Cancer Classification Traditional
More informationPresent Role of Immunohistochemistry in the. Subtypes. Beppe Viale European Institute of Oncology University of Milan Milan-Italy
Present Role of Immunohistochemistry in the Classification of Molecular Subtypes Beppe Viale European Institute of Oncology University of Milan Milan-Italy We know it is many diseases Breast cancer is
More informationModern classification of breast cancer-should we stick with morphology or convert to molecular profiles?
Modern classification of breast cancer-should we stick with morphology or convert to molecular profiles? Ian Ellis Professor of Cancer Pathology Molecular Medical Sciences University of Nottingham Dept
More informationMultiparameter characterization of breast carcinoma: subgross, microscopy, proteins, and genes
World Congress on Breast Cancer August 1-3, 2015, Birmingham, UK Multiparameter characterization of breast carcinoma: subgross, microscopy, proteins, and genes Tibor Tot Falun, Sweden Lake Varpan, Falun,
More informationMolecular classification of breast cancer implications for pathologists. Sarah E Pinder
Molecular classification of breast cancer implications for pathologists Sarah E Pinder Courtesy of CW Elston Histological types Breast Cancer Special Types 17 morphological special types 25-30% of all
More informationDOCTORAL THESIS SUMMARY
UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY CRAIOVA FACULTY OF MEDICINE DOCTORAL THESIS SUMMARY CLINICO-IMAGING STUDY OF INVASIVE DUCTAL BREAST CARCINOMAS CORRELATED TO HORMONAL RECEPTORS AND HER2/NEU ONCOPROTEIN
More informationImmunohistochemical Expression Of Cytokeratin 8 And 18 In Breast Carcinoma.
ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Pathology Volume 13 Number 3 Immunohistochemical Expression Of Cytokeratin 8 And 18 In Breast Carcinoma. B Rattan, A Baghla, M Manjari, P Kakkar, S Kahlon, S Paul Citation
More informationGood Old clinical markers have similar power in breast cancer prognosis as microarray gene expression profilers q
European Journal of Cancer 40 (2004) 1837 1841 European Journal of Cancer www.ejconline.com Good Old clinical markers have similar power in breast cancer prognosis as microarray gene expression profilers
More informationThe Expression of Basal Cytokeratins in Breast Cancers
Global Journal of Medical Research: C Microbiology and Pathology Volume 17 Issue 2 Version 1.0 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online
More informationMorphological and Molecular Typing of breast Cancer
Morphological and Molecular Typing of breast Cancer Ian Ellis Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust Histological
More informationMammographic Tumor Features Can Predict Long- Term Outcomes Reliably in Women with 1 14-mm Invasive Breast Carcinoma
1745 Mammographic Tumor Features Can Predict Long- Term Outcomes Reliably in Women with 1 14-mm Invasive Breast Carcinoma Suggestions for the Reconsideration of Current Therapeutic Practice and the TNM
More informationRecent advances in breast cancers
Recent advances in breast cancers Breast cancer is a hetrogenous disease due to distinct genetic alterations. Similar morphological subtypes show variation in clinical behaviour especially in response
More informationBasement membrane in lobule.
Bahram Memar, MD Basement membrane in lobule. Normal lobule-luteal phase Normal lobule-follicular phase Lactating breast Greater than 95% are adenocarcinomas in situ carcinomas and invasive carcinomas.
More informationEditorial Process: Submission:11/30/2017 Acceptance:01/04/2019
RESEARCH ARTICLE Editorial Process: Submission:11/30/2017 Acceptance:01/04/2019 in Non-Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer O Al jarroudi*, A Zaimi, S A Brahmi, S Afqir Abstract Introduction: Triple-negative
More informationRabab AA Mohammed 1, Sindhu Menon 2, Stewart G Martin 3, Andrew R Green 4, Emma C Paish 4 and Ian O Ellis 4
1568 & 2014 USCAP, Inc All rights reserved 0893-3952/14 $32.00 Prognostic significance of lymphatic invasion in lymph node-positive breast carcinoma: findings from a large case series with long-term follow-up
More informationLymphatic and blood vessels in basal and triple-negative breast cancers: characteristics and prognostic significance
774 & 2011 USCAP, Inc. All rights reserved 0893-3952/11 $32.00 Lymphatic and blood vessels in basal and triple-negative breast cancers: characteristics and prognostic significance Rabab AA Mohammed 1,2,
More informationJ Clin Oncol 26: by American Society of Clinical Oncology INTRODUCTION
VOLUME 26 NUMBER 19 JULY 1 2008 JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY O R I G I N A L R E P O R T Prognostic Significance of Nottingham Histologic Grade in Invasive Breast Carcinoma Emad A. Rakha, Maysa E. El-Sayed,
More informationRare types of breast carcinoma
Open Med. 2015; 10: 92-96 Research Article Open Access Daiva Gudaviciene*, Laura Steponaviciene, Raimundas Meskauskas, Giedre Smailyte, Eduardas Aleknavicius Rare types of breast Abstract: Breast cancer
More informationImplications of Progesterone Receptor Status for the Biology and Prognosis of Breast Cancers
日大医誌 75 (1): 10 15 (2016) 10 Original Article Implications of Progesterone Receptor Status for the Biology and Prognosis of Breast Cancers Naotaka Uchida 1), Yasuki Matsui 1), Takeshi Notsu 1) and Manabu
More informationTriple Negative Breast Cancer: Clinical Presentation and Multimodality Imaging Characteristics
Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Clinical Presentation and Multimodality Imaging Characteristics Poster No.: R-0141 Congress: RANZCR-AOCR 2012 Type: Scientific Exhibit Authors: O. H. Woo, S. Jang, K. R.
More informationQuestion 1 A. ER-, PR-, HER+ B. ER+, PR+, HER2- C. ER-, PR+, HER2- D. ER-, PR-, HER2- E. ER-, PR+, HER2+
Triple Negative Breast Cancer Laura C. Collins, M.D. Department of Pathology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Question 1 The tumor depicted on the next slide
More informationORIGINAL ARTICLE The value of Nottingham grade in breast cancer re-visited in the Sri Lankan setting
Malaysian J Pathol 2017; 39(2) : 141 148 ORIGINAL ARTICLE The value of Nottingham grade in breast cancer re-visited in the Sri Lankan setting Harshini PEIRIS PhD, Lakmini MUDDUWA MBBS, MD*, Neil THALAGALA
More informationTriple-negative breast cancer: which typical features can we identify on conventional and MRI imaging?
Triple-negative breast cancer: which typical features can we identify on conventional and MRI imaging? Poster No.: C-1862 Congress: ECR 2013 Type: Educational Exhibit Authors: V. Bertani 1, A. Gualano
More informationOnly Estrogen receptor positive is not enough to predict the prognosis of breast cancer
Young Investigator Award, Global Breast Cancer Conference 2018 Only Estrogen receptor positive is not enough to predict the prognosis of breast cancer ㅑ Running head: Revisiting estrogen positive tumors
More informationImmunohistochemical classification of breast tumours
Immunohistochemical classification of breast tumours Workshop in Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry September 19 th - 21 th 2018 Anne-Vibeke Lænkholm Department of Surgical Pathology, Zealand University Hospital,
More informationSurgical Pathology Issues of Practical Importance
Surgical Pathology Issues of Practical Importance Anne Moore, MD Medical Oncology Syed Hoda, MD Surgical Pathology The pathologist is central to the team approach needed to manage the patient with breast
More informationClinicopathological Factors Affecting Distant Metastasis Following Loco-Regional Recurrence of breast cancer. Cheol Min Kang 2018/04/05
Abstract No.: ABS-0075 Clinicopathological Factors Affecting Distant Metastasis Following Loco-Regional Recurrence of breast cancer 2018/04/05 Cheol Min Kang Department of surgery, University of Ulsan
More informationClaudin-4 Expression in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Correlation with Androgen Receptors and Ki-67 Expression
Claudin-4 Expression in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Correlation with Androgen Receptors and Ki-67 Expression Mona A. Abd-Elazeem, Marwa A. Abd- Elazeem Pathology department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta
More informationBreast Cancer: Basic and Clinical Research
Breast Cancer: Basic and Clinical Research Original Research Open Access Full open access to this and thousands of other papers at http://www.la-press.com. Clinico-Pathological Characteristics of Triple
More informationContemporary Classification of Breast Cancer
Contemporary Classification of Breast Cancer Laura C. Collins, M.D. Vice Chair of Anatomic Pathology Professor of Pathology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA Outline
More informationInvasive breast cancer: stratification of histological grade by gene-based assays: a still relevant example from an older data set
Histopathology 14, 65, 429 433. DOI: 1.1111/his.12423 SHORT REPORT Invasive breast cancer: stratification of histological grade by gene-based assays: a still relevant example from an older data set Leslie
More informationModified primary tumour/vessel tumour/nodal tumour classification for patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast
British Journal of Cancer (2011) 105, 698 708 All rights reserved 0007 0920/11 www.bjcancer.com Modified primary tumour/vessel tumour/nodal tumour classification for patients with invasive ductal carcinoma
More informationReview Article. Is Basal-like Carcinoma of the Breast a Distinct Clinicopathologic Entity? A Critical Review with Cautionary Notes.
Iranian Journal of Pathology (2007)2 (4), 127-143 127 Review Article Is Basal-like Carcinoma of the Breast a Distinct Clinicopathologic Entity? A Critical Review with Cautionary Notes Farid Moinfar Unit
More informationBIRADS score and histopathological prognostic factors: histopathological grade and intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer
BIRADS score and histopathological prognostic factors: histopathological grade and intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer Poster No.: C-1367 Congress: ECR 2015 Type: Educational Exhibit Authors: A. I. Fridman,
More informationMammographic density and risk of breast cancer by tumor characteristics: a casecontrol
Krishnan et al. BMC Cancer (2017) 17:859 DOI 10.1186/s12885-017-3871-7 RESEARCH ARTICLE Mammographic density and risk of breast cancer by tumor characteristics: a casecontrol study Open Access Kavitha
More informationW omen under 35 years of age form only a small
323 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Immunohistochemical prognostic index for breast cancer in young women I Guerra, J Algorta, R Díaz de Otazu, A Pelayo, J Fariña... See end of article for authors affiliations... Correspondence
More informationBreast cancer Molecular subtypes and their clinicopathological characteristics amongst patients at the Aga Khan University hospital (Nairobi)
The ANNALS of AFRICAN SURGERY www.sskenya.org Breast cancer Molecular subtypes and their clinicopathological characteristics amongst patients at the Aga Khan University hospital (Nairobi) Gakinya S.M.
More informationP atients with primary breast cancer have an increased risk of developing contralateral breast cancer1. When
OPEN SUBJECT AREAS: BONE METASTASES BREAST CANCER Received 23 July 2013 Accepted 19 August 2013 Published 5 September 2013 Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to C.W.D. (ducaiwen@
More informationResearch Article Should Histologic Grade Be Incorporated into the TNM Classification System for Small (T1, T2) Node-Negative Breast Adenocarcinomas?
SAGE-Hindawi Access to Research Pathology Research International Volume 2011, Article ID 825627, 4 pages doi:10.4061/2011/825627 Research Article Should Histologic Grade Be Incorporated into the TNM Classification
More informationBreast cancer in elderly patients (70 years and older): The University of Tennessee Medical Center at Knoxville 10 year experience
Breast cancer in elderly patients (70 years and older): The University of Tennessee Medical Center at Knoxville 10 year experience Curzon M, Curzon C, Heidel RE, Desai P, McLoughlin J, Panella T, Bell
More informationMolecular Characterization of Breast Cancer: The Clinical Significance
Molecular Characterization of : The Clinical Significance Shahla Masood, M.D. Professor and Chair Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville
More informationBreast cancer: Molecular STAGING classification and testing. Korourian A : AP,CP ; MD,PHD(Molecular medicine)
Breast cancer: Molecular STAGING classification and testing Korourian A : AP,CP ; MD,PHD(Molecular medicine) Breast Cancer Theory: Halsted Operative breast cancer is a local-regional disease The positive
More informationProperties of Synchronous Versus Metachronous Bilateral Breast Carcinoma with Long Time Follow Up
DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.12.4921 Properties of Synchronous Versus Metachronous Bilateral Breast Carcinoma with Long Time Follow Up RESEARCH ARTICLE Properties of Synchronous Versus Metachronous
More informationCME. CK5 Is More Sensitive Than CK5/6 in Identifying the Basal-like Phenotype of Breast Carcinoma
Anatomic Pathology / CK5 vs CK5/6 in Breast Carcinoma CK5 Is More Sensitive Than CK5/6 in Identifying the Basal-like Phenotype of Breast Carcinoma Rohit Bhargava, MD, 1 Sushil Beriwal, MD, 2 Kim McManus,
More informationResults of the ACOSOG Z0011 Trial
DCIS and Early Breast Cancer Symposium JUNE 15-17 2012 CAPPADOCIA Results of the ACOSOG Z0011 Trial Kelly K. Hunt, M.D. Professor of Surgery Axillary Node Dissection Staging, Regional control, Survival
More informationBreast Cancer. Dr. Andres Wiernik 2017
Breast Cancer Dr. Andres Wiernik 2017 Agenda: The Facts! (Epidemiology/Risk Factors) Biological Classification/Phenotypes of Breast Cancer Treatment approach Local Systemic Agenda: The Facts! (Epidemiology/Risk
More informationHormone receptor and Her2 neu (Her2) analysis
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Impact of Triple Negative Phenotype on Breast Cancer Prognosis Henry G. Kaplan, MD* and Judith A. Malmgren, PhD à *Swedish Cancer Institute at Swedish Medical Center; HealthStat Consulting
More informationPost Neoadjuvant therapy: issues in interpretation
Post Neoadjuvant therapy: issues in interpretation Disclosure: Overview D Prognostic features in assessment of post treatment specimens: Tumor size Cellularity Grade Receptors LN Neoadjuvant chemotherapy:
More informationXXV Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Anatomía Patológica y División Española de la International Academy of Pathology
XXV Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Anatomía Patológica y División Española de la International Academy of Pathology NUEVOS FENOTIPOS DEL CÁNCER DE MAMA: NUEVOS PROBLEMAS PARA EL PATÓLOGO? Tienen actualmente
More informationEnterprise Interest None
Enterprise Interest None What are triple negative breast cancers? A synopsis of their histological patterns Ian Ellis Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham Department of Histopathology,
More informationDO YOUNG AGE AND TRIPLE NEGATIVE MOLECULAR SUBTYPE HAVE A NEGATIVE EFFECT ON SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH EARLY STAGE BREAST CANCER?
DO YOUNG AGE AND TRIPLE NEGATIVE MOLECULAR SUBTYPE HAVE A NEGATIVE EFFECT ON SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH EARLY STAGE BREAST CANCER? Çetin Ordu, Atilla Bozdoğan, Gül Alço, Kezban N. Pilancı, Derya Selamoğlu,
More informationChapter 13 Cancer of the Female Breast
Lynn A. Gloeckler Ries and Milton P. Eisner INTRODUCTION This study presents survival analyses for female breast cancer based on 302,763 adult cases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results
More informationNeuroendocrine differentiation in pure type mammary mucinous carcinoma is associated with favorable histologic and immunohistochemical parameters
& 2004 USCAP, Inc All rights reserved 0893-3952/04 $25.00 www.modernpathology.org Neuroendocrine differentiation in pure type mammary mucinous carcinoma is associated with favorable histologic and immunohistochemical
More informationAudit. Public Health Monitoring Report on 2006 Data. National Breast & Ovarian Cancer Centre and Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.
National Breast & Ovarian Cancer Centre and Royal Australasian College of Surgeons Audit Public Health Monitoring Report on 2006 Data November 2009 Prepared by: Australian Safety & Efficacy Register of
More informationDiseases of the breast (2 of 2) Breast cancer
Diseases of the breast (2 of 2) Breast cancer Epidemiology & etiology The most common type of cancer & the 2 nd most common cause of cancer death in women 1 of 8 women in USA Affects 7% of women Peak at
More informationTitle: Peritumoral Vascular Invasion and NHERF1 expression define an immunophenotype of grade 2 invasive breast cancer associated with poor prognosis
Author's response to reviews Title: Peritumoral Vascular Invasion and NHERF1 expression define an immunophenotype of grade 2 invasive breast cancer associated with poor prognosis Authors: Andrea Malfettone
More information10/15/2012. Biologic Subtypes of TNBC. Topics. Topics. Histopathology Molecular pathology Clinical relevance
Biologic Subtypes of TNBC Andrea L. Richardson M.D. Ph.D. Brigham and Women s Hospital Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School Boston, MA Topics Histopathology Molecular pathology Clinical
More informationRESEARCH ARTICLE. Abstract. Introduction
DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.18.7959 Comparison of Single Hormone Receptor Positive and Double Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancers RESEARCH ARTICLE Do Clinical Features and Survival
More informationequally be selected on the basis of RE status of the primary tumour. These initial studies measured RE
Br. J. Cancer (1981) 43, 67 SOLUBLE AND NUCLEAR OESTROGEN RECEPTOR STATUS IN HUMAN BREAST CANCER IN RELATION TO PROGNOSIS R. E. LEAKE*, L. LAING*, C. McARDLEt AND D. C. SMITH$ From the *Department of Biochemistry,
More informationAspects of quality in breast pathology. Andrew Lee Nottingham University Hospitals
Aspects of quality in breast pathology Andrew Lee Nottingham University Hospitals British breast pathology EQA: performance issues Ian Ellis Friday 8.30 am National breast screening pathology audit 2015
More informationLong term survival study of de-novo metastatic breast cancers with or without primary tumor resection
Long term survival study of de-novo metastatic breast cancers with or without primary tumor resection Dr. Michael Co Division of Breast Surgery Queen Mary Hospital The University of Hong Kong Conflicts
More informationHormone receptor sensitivity in Breast Cancer patients in Pune city of Maharashtra State, India A retrospective study
International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Research(IJBR) ISSN 0976-2612, Online ISSN 2278 599X, Vol 6, Issue2, 2015, pp196-202 http://www.bipublication.com Research Article Hormone sensitivity
More informationLife Expectancy of Screen-Detected Invasive Breast Cancer Patients Compared With Women Invited to the Nijmegen Screening Program
Original Article Life Expectancy of Screen-Detected Invasive Breast Cancer Patients Compared With Women Invited to the Nijmegen Screening Program Johannes D. M. Otten 1,2 ; Mireille J. M. Broeders 1,2,3
More informationPrognostic importance of ultrasound BI-RADS classification in breast cancer patients
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2015, 45(5) 411 415 doi: 10.1093/jjco/hyv018 Advance Access Publication Date: 10 February 2015 Original Article Original Article Prognostic importance of ultrasound
More informationBreast Cancer Staging
Breast Cancer Staging Symposium on Best Practice in Recording Cancer Stage Royal College of Pathologists 10 June 2011 Dr Gill Lawrence, Director Tel: 0121 415 8129 Fax: 0121 414 7712 Email: gill.lawrence@wmciu.nhs.uk
More informationEGFR as paradoxical predictor of chemosensitivity and outcome among triple-negative breast cancer
ONCOLOGY REPORTS 21: 413-417, 2009 413 EGFR as paradoxical predictor of chemosensitivity and outcome among triple-negative breast cancer HIROKO NOGI 1, TADASHI KOBAYASHI 2, MASAFUMI SUZUKI 3, ISAO TABEI
More informationControversies in Breast Pathology ELENA PROVENZANO ADDENBROOKES HOSPITAL, CAMBRIDGE
Controversies in Breast Pathology ELENA PROVENZANO ADDENBROOKES HOSPITAL, CAMBRIDGE Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Indications: Management of locally advanced invasive breast cancers including inflammatory breast
More informationBreast Imaging: Multidisciplinary Approach. Madelene Lewis, MD Assistant Professor Associate Program Director Medical University of South Carolina
Breast Imaging: Multidisciplinary Approach Madelene Lewis, MD Assistant Professor Associate Program Director Medical University of South Carolina No Disclosures Objectives Discuss a multidisciplinary breast
More informationProliferative Breast Disease: implications of core biopsy diagnosis. Proliferative Breast Disease
Proliferative Breast Disease: implications of core biopsy diagnosis Jean F. Simpson, M.D. Breast Pathology Consultants, Inc. Nashville, TN Proliferative Breast Disease Must be interpreted in clinical and
More informationPatho-biological aspects of basal-like breast cancer
Patho-biological aspects of basal-like breast cancer Emad A. Rakha, Maysa E. El-Sayed, Jorge Reis-Filho, Ian O. Ellis To cite this version: Emad A. Rakha, Maysa E. El-Sayed, Jorge Reis-Filho, Ian O. Ellis.
More informationInvasive neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast: a population-based study from the surveillance, epidemiology and end results (SEER) database
Wang et al. BMC Cancer 2014, 14:147 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Invasive neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast: a population-based study from the surveillance, epidemiology and end results (SEER) database
More informationInvasive cribriform carcinoma of the breast: A report of nine cases and a review of the literature
ONCOLOGY LETTERS 9: 1753-1758, 2015 Invasive cribriform carcinoma of the breast: A report of nine cases and a review of the literature YIZI CONG *, GUANGDONG QIAO *, HAIDONG ZOU, JUN LIN, XINGMIAO WANG,
More informationPrognostic significance of stroma tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes according to molecular subtypes of breast cancer
Prognostic significance of stroma tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes according to molecular subtypes of breast cancer Hee Jung Kwon, Nuri Jang, Min Hui Park, Young Kyung Bae Department of Pathology, Yeungnam
More informationOncotype DX testing in node-positive disease
Should gene array assays be routinely used in node positive disease? Yes Christy A. Russell, MD University of Southern California Oncotype DX testing in node-positive disease 1 Validity of the Oncotype
More informationProstate cancer ~ diagnosis and impact of pathology on prognosis ESMO 2017
Prostate cancer ~ diagnosis and impact of pathology on prognosis ESMO 2017 Dr Puay Hoon Tan Division of Pathology Singapore General Hospital Prostate cancer (acinar adenocarcinoma) Invasive carcinoma composed
More informationReporting of Breast Cancer Do s and Don ts
Reporting of Breast Cancer Do s and Don ts 7 th SGH Annual Breast Pathology Course Professor Michael Bilous Conjoint Professor Western Sydney University Consultant Pathologist, Australian Clinical Labs,
More informationCarcinoma mammario: le istologie non frequenti. Valentina Guarneri Università di Padova IOV-IRCCS
Carcinoma mammario: le istologie non frequenti Valentina Guarneri Università di Padova IOV-IRCCS Histological diversity of breast adenocarcinomas Different histological types are defined according to specific
More informationResearch Article Ductal Breast Carcinoma In Situ: Mammographic Features and Its Relation to Prognosis and Tumour Biology in a Population Based Cohort
Hindawi International Journal of Breast Cancer Volume 2017, Article ID 4351319, 9 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4351319 Research Article Ductal Breast Carcinoma In Situ: Mammographic Features and
More informationShould we still be performing IHC on all sentinel nodes?
Miami Breast Cancer Conference 31 st Annual Conference March 8, 2014 Should we still be performing IHC on all sentinel nodes? Donald L. Weaver, MD Professor of Pathology University of Vermont USA Miami
More informationRSNA, /radiol Appendix E1. Methods
RSNA, 2016 10.1148/radiol.2016151097 Appendix E1 Methods US and Near-infrared Data Acquisition Four optical wavelengths (740 nm, 780 nm, 808 nm, and 830 nm) were used to sequentially deliver the light
More informationEvaluation of Pathologic Response in Breast Cancer Treated with Primary Systemic Therapy
Evaluation of Pathologic Response in Breast Cancer Treated with Primary Systemic Therapy Eun Yoon Cho, MD, PhD Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University
More informationA djuvant systemic treatment (AST) and/or hormonal
196 ORIGINAL ARTICLE and vascular invasion predict distant metastasis in stage I breast cancer. Grade distinguishes early and late metastasis P J Westenend, C J C Meurs, R A M Damhuis... See end of article
More informationUK Interdisciplinary Breast Cancer Symposium. Should lobular phenotype be considered when deciding treatment? Michael J Kerin
UK Interdisciplinary Breast Cancer Symposium Should lobular phenotype be considered when deciding treatment? Michael J Kerin Professor of Surgery National University of Ireland, Galway and Galway University
More informationPeritoneal Involvement in Stage II Colon Cancer
Anatomic Pathology / PERITONEAL INVOLVEMENT IN STAGE II COLON CANCER Peritoneal Involvement in Stage II Colon Cancer A.M. Lennon, MB, MRCPI, H.E. Mulcahy, MD, MRCPI, J.M.P. Hyland, MCh, FRCS, FRCSI, C.
More informationCover Page. The handle holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation
Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/55957 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation Author: Dekker T.J.A. Title: Optimizing breast cancer survival models based on conventional
More informationThe Depth of Tumor Invasion is Superior to 8 th AJCC/UICC Staging System to Predict Patients Outcome in Radical Cystectomy.
30 th Congress of the European Society of Pathology Tuesday, September 11, 2018 The Depth of Tumor Invasion is Superior to 8 th AJCC/UICC Staging System to Predict Patients Outcome in Radical Cystectomy.
More informationEvaluation the Correlation between Ki67 and 5 Years Disease Free Survival of Breast Cancer Patients
BIOSCIENCES BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH ASIA, December 2015. Vol. 12(3), 2221-2225 Evaluation the Correlation between Ki67 and 5 Years Disease Free Survival of Breast Cancer Patients S.M. Hosseini¹, H. Shahbaziyan
More informationDuctal Carcinoma in Situ. Laura C. Collins, M.D. Department of Pathology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA
Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Laura C. Collins, M.D. Department of Pathology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA Definition of DCIS WHO 2012 A neoplastic proliferation
More informationA study on stromal CD10 expression in invasive breast carcinoma
in invasive breast carcinoma. IAIM, 06; (6): -. Original Research Article A study on stromal CD0 expression in invasive breast carcinoma B. V. Anuradha Devi, S. Chandra Sekhar *, C. Saritha, S. Sanhya
More informationTable S2. Expression of PRMT7 in clinical breast carcinoma samples
Table S2. Expression of PRMT7 in clinical breast carcinoma samples (All data were obtained from cancer microarray database Oncomine.) Analysis type* Analysis Class(number sampels) 1 2 3 4 Correlation (up/down)#
More informationRNA preparation from extracted paraffin cores:
Supplementary methods, Nielsen et al., A comparison of PAM50 intrinsic subtyping with immunohistochemistry and clinical prognostic factors in tamoxifen-treated estrogen receptor positive breast cancer.
More informationNeuroendocrine Lung Tumors Myers
Diagnosis and Classification of Neuroendocrine Lung Tumors Jeffrey L. Myers, M.D. A. James French Professor Director, Anatomic Pathology & MLabs University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI myerjeff@umich.edu
More informationS. Murgo, MD. Chr St-Joseph, Mons Erasme Hospital, Brussels
S. Murgo, MD Chr St-Joseph, Mons Erasme Hospital, Brussels? Introduction Mammography reports are sometimes ambiguous and indecisive. ACR has developped the BIRADS. BIRADS consists of a lexicon in order
More informationIntroduction. Wilfred Truin 1 Rudi M. H. Roumen. Vivianne C. G. Tjan-Heijnen 2 Adri C. Voogd
Breast Cancer Res Treat (2017) 164:133 138 DOI 10.1007/s10549-017-4220-x EPIDEMIOLOGY Estrogen and progesterone receptor expression levels do not differ between lobular and ductal carcinoma in patients
More informationCalpain system protein expression in basal-like and triple-negative invasive breast cancer
Annals of Oncology original articles 12. Jung KW, Park S, Kong HJ et al. Cancer statistics in Korea: incidence, mortality and survival in 2006 2007. J Korean Med Sci 2010; 25: 1113. 13. Yu B, Douglas N,
More informationCorrelation between expression and significance of δ-catenin, CD31, and VEGF of non-small cell lung cancer
Correlation between expression and significance of δ-catenin, CD31, and VEGF of non-small cell lung cancer X.L. Liu 1, L.D. Liu 2, S.G. Zhang 1, S.D. Dai 3, W.Y. Li 1 and L. Zhang 1 1 Thoracic Surgery,
More informationIs There a Correlation between the Presence of a Spiculated Mass on Mammogram and Luminal A Subtype Breast Cancer?
Original Article Breast Imaging https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2016.17.6.846 pissn 1229-6929 eissn 2005-8330 Korean J Radiol 2016;17(6):846-852 Is There a Correlation between the Presence of a Spiculated
More informationRe-Classification of Carcinoma of Breast According To Molecular Classification and Its Correlation with Histologic Features.
DOI: 10.21276/aimdr.2018.4.2.PT13 Original Article ISSN (O):2395-2822; ISSN (P):2395-2814 Re-Classification of Carcinoma of Breast According To Molecular Classification and Its Correlation with Histologic
More informationDiagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Primary and Metastatic Breast Cancer. Pathology. AGO e. V. in der DGGG e.v. sowie in der DKG e.v.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Primary and Metastatic Breast Cancer Pathology Pathology Versions 2004 2017: Blohmer / Costa / Fehm / Friedrichs / Huober / Kreipe / Lück / Schneeweis / Sinn /
More information