Medication Review. Cancer Chemotherapy Drugs. Pharmacy Technician Training Systems Passassured, LLC
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1 Medication Review Cancer Chemotherapy Drugs Pharmacy Technician Training Systems Passassured, LLC
2 Medication Review, Cancer Chemotherapy Drugs PassAssured's Pharmacy Technician Training Program Medication Review Cancer Chemotherapy Drugs Click Here for Glossary Index! Click Here to Print Topic Help File,.pdf (Internet Access is Required for this Feature) Definitions Antimetabolites Alkylating Agents Hormones Vinca Alkaloids Asparaginase (Elspar) Pass Assured, LLC, Pharmacy Technician Training Systems Copyright Pass Assured, LLC, Web Site - -o- p2
3 PassAssured's Pharmacy Technician Training Program Medication Review Cancer Chemotherapy Drugs Click Here for Glossary Index! Click Here to Print Topic Help File,.pdf (Internet Access is Required for this Feature) Definitions Cancer The uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal human cells Difficult to treat because drugs cannot differentiate between cancer and normal cells and; therefore, both normal and cancer cells are killed. Leucovorin Rescue therapy Some protocols use massive amounts of chemotherapy to kill off cancer cells. This treatment is given over a short period followed by an antidote drug immediately thereafter to spare the normal cells. Therapeutic Classes Antimetabolites Mimics a necessary nutrient or blocks a reaction, which synthesizes a necessary nutrient. Cancer cells utilize these agents faster than normal cells and; therefore, are killed more quickly than normal cells. Side Effects: Bone marrow depression Hepatotoxicity Immunosuppression Anorexia p3
4 Nausea/vomiting Oral and anal ulcers Fever Rash Hair loss Examples: Fluorouracil (5-FU, Efudex, Adrucil) - Legend Drug - Gloves should be worn to prevent application to areas not intended to use. This compound can be an irritant to the skin. Mercaptopurine (6-MP) - Legend Drug Methotrexate (Mexate) - Legend Drug - Utilizes Leucovorin as an antidote Cytarabine (Ara-C, Cytosar) - Legend Drug Thioguanine (6-TG, 6-Thioguanine) - Legend Drug Fludarabine (Fludara) - Legend Drug Pemetrexed( Alimta) - Legend Drug Capecitabine (Xeloda) - Legend Drug Gemcitabine (Gemzar) - Legend Drug Alkylating Agents Use To treat leukemia, testicular and ovarian cancers, and bladder cancers Bind to DNA (the genetic material of the cell) and prevent its relocation Utilized to a greater extent in cancer cells Caution should be used during reconstitution because these agents can cause severe itching and burning upon contact. The technician, when accidentally having skin contact with a cytotoxic drug, should wash hands thoroughly with soap and water immediately and seek medical attention. Cytotoxic drugs must be prepared in a vertical hood to protect the technician. Side Effects: Nausea/vomiting/diarrhea Testicular atrophy Impotence p4
5 Bone marrow suppression Hepatotoxicity Nephrotoxicity Rash Loss of taste and hearing Seizures Mental cloudiness Depression Examples: Carmustine (BCNU) - Legend Drug Busulfan (Myleran) - Legend Drug Chlorambucil (Leukeran) - Legend Drug Cisplatin (Platinol) - Legend Drug Mechlorethamine (Nitrogen Mustard) - Legend Drug Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) -Legend Drug Ifosfamide (Ifex) - Legend Drug Carboplatin (Paraplatin) - Legend Drug Lomustine (CeeNU) - Legend Drug Dacarbazine (DTIC-Dome) - Legend Drug Nedaplatin (Aqupla) - Legend Drug - Produces less nausea, vomiting Hormones Use To treat hormone dependent cancers such as breast cancer Both natural and synthetic hormones are used Side Effects Nausea/vomiting/diarrhea Hot flashes Insomnia Examples: Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) - Legend Drug p5
6 blocks effect of estrogen in target tissues such as breast Side Effects hot flashes Toremifene (Fareston) - Legend Drug - approved for use in advanced (metastatic) breast cancer. It is also being evaluated for prevention of prostate cancer under the brand name Acapodene. Fulvestrant (Faslodex) - Legend Drug - Used to treat breast cancer in postmenopausal women with disease progression following anti-estrogen therapy. Leuprolide Acetate (Lupron) - Legend Drug Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (Depo-Provera) - Legend Drug Megestrol Acetate (Megace) - Legend Drug Diethylstilbestrol (DES) (Stilphostrol) - Legend Drug Testolactone (Teslac) - Legend Drug Testosterone (Depo-testosterone) - Schedule III, Legend Drug Anastrozole (Arimidex) - Legend Drug Estramustine (Emcyt) - Legend Drug Bicalutamide (Casodex) - Legend Drug Flutamide (Eulexin) - Legend Drug Nilutamide (Nilandron) - Legend Drug Unclassified Vinca Alkaloids Vinblastine (Velban) - Legend Drug Vincristine (Oncovin) - Legend Drug Vinorelbine (Navelbine) - Legend Drug Arrests mitotic division at the metaphase of cell division Side Effects Bone marrow suppression Nausea/vomiting p6
7 Hair loss Asparaginase (Elspar) Blocks asparagine dependent protein synthesis in tumor cells Side Effects: Hypersensitivity Bone marrow suppression Bleeding Depression Nausea/vomiting Antibiotics Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis Side Effects Bleomycin- Legend Drug - pulmonary fibrosis, fever, chills, nausea/vomiting Doxorubicin - Legend Drug - myelosuppression, cardiotoxicity, nausea/vomiting Mitomycin - bone marrow toxicity, nausea/vomiting Examples: Bleomycin (Blenoxane) - Legend Drug Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) - Legend Drug Mitomycin (Mutamycin) - Legend Drug Dactinomycin (Cosmegen) - Legend Drug Idarubicin (Idamycin) - Legend Drug Mitoxantrone (Novantrone) - Legend Drug Topotecan (Hycamtin) - Legend Drug Plicamycin (Mithracin) - Legend Drug Daunorubicin (DaunoXone) - Legend Drug Epirubicin (Ellence) - Legend Drug p7
8 The above antibiotics are bio-hazardous and if spilled, must be cleaned with a spill kit. Pass Assured, LLC, Pharmacy Technician Training Systems Copyright Pass Assured, LLC, Web Site - -o- p8
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