Effect of Aflatoxin on Feed Conversion Ratio in Broilers: A Meta-analysis
|
|
- Adelia Miller
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 757 Asan-Aust. J. Anm. Sc. Vol., No. : December.ajas.nfo Effect of Aflatoxn on Feed Converson Rato n Brolers: A Meta-analyss R. Umaya Suganth*, K. P. Suresh and R. Parvatham Natonal Insttute of Anmal Nutrton and Physology, Bangalore, Karnataka 56, Inda ABSTRACT: Aflatoxns are natural contamnants of poultry feeds and feed ngredents and cause lver damage, mmunosuppresson, reducton n performance and mortalty n brolers. A number of studes have been carred out to study the effects of aflatoxn on feed converson rato n brolers. The results on feed converson rato of research artcles n brolers fed th aflatoxn from frst day of age to sx eeks of age ere compled and ere subjected to meta-analyss. Ch-square test and Tau (heterogenety co-effcent) ere appled to test for sgnfcance of heterogenety of studes. To ntegrate results, fxed effect model by Inverse Varance method (IV method) as used hen heterogenety as nsgnfcant and otherse random effect model by DerSmonan and Lard Method (DL method) as used. The results of meta-analyss shoed that the adverse effect of aflatoxn on feed converson rato at the end of frst eek as neglgble, second eek as medum and thrd to sx eeks as very large. (Key Words : Aflatoxn, Feed Converson Rato, Brolers, Meta-analyss) INTRODUCTION Mycotoxns are toxc secondary metaboltes of certan fung and cause llness or death hen ngested by anmals or human bengs (Qaz and Fayyaz, 6). One of the most toxc group of mycotoxns are the aflatoxns (AFs), produced by the fung, Aspergllus flavus and Aspergllus parastcus. Aflatoxns ere frst dscovered n 96 n England after the outbreak of Turkey-X-dsease durng hch mllon turkey poults ded n England due to the toxn (Blount, 96). They are natural contamnants of poultry feeds and feed ngredents, maze, sorghum, pearl mllet, rce, peanut meal and cottonseed meal (Reddy et al., ). Contamnaton of feeds and feed ngredents may occur at any tme before and after harvest and dryng, durng storage, processng and manufacturng. Chemcally, aflatoxns are a group of dfuranocoumarn dervatves and the major types of aflatoxns are aflatoxn B (AFB), aflatoxn B (AFB), aflatoxn G (AFG) and aflatoxn G (AFG). Among the aflatoxns, AFB as dentfed to be the most toxc and most prevalent compound, folloed by G, B and G th decreasng toxcty (Murphy et al., 6). Aflatoxn ntake n brolers s assocated th lver * Correspondng Author : R. Umaya Suganth. Tel: , Fax: , E-mal: suganthmanmaran@ gmal.com Receved May, ; Accepted June 9, damage, poor performance, mmunosuppresson and mortalty. Aflatoxn toxcty n poultry s also assocated th bochemcal, hematologcal, reproductve and pathologcal changes (Ortatatl and Oguz, ). Some of the metaboltes formed durng the metabolsm of AFB are transmtted to edble anmal products, lver, muscle ((Bntvhok and Davtyananda, ) and eggs, hch exert mmunosuppressve, embryotoxc and teratogenc effects (Celk et al., ; Olvera et al., ). Besdes affectng the health of brds and consumers, aflatoxns also cause economc losses to poultry ndustry. The Councl for Agrcultural Scences and Technology recorded an annual crop losses of $9 mllon due to mycotoxn contamnaton and addtonal losses of $66 mllon n efforts to prevent or reduce contamnaton (Rchard and Payne, ). In poultry, partcularly n brolers, a number of studes on the effect of aflatoxns on Feed Converson Rato (FCR) have been carred out by researchers orldde. Hoever a precse estmate of the effect of aflatoxns on the FCR durng -6 eeks of age of brolers s not avalable. Hence the present study as undertaken to understand and reveal the effects of aflatoxns on FCR durng dfferent eeks of broler producton, by meta-analyss. MATERIAL AND METHODS The data of research artcles nvolvng 5 studes
2 758 Suganth et al. () Asan-Aust. J. Anm. Sc. (): (Daz and Sugahara, 995; Kubena et al., 998; Oguz et al., ; Oguz and Kurtoglu, ; Verma et al., ; Celk et al., 5; Abousad et al., 7; Modrsane et al., 8; Kermanshah et al., 9; Shaban et al., ) ere selected for meta-analyss. The results on feed converson rato n brolers fed th aflatoxn from frst day of age to sx eeks of age ere compled and ere subjected to meta-analyss to determne the effect of aflatoxn on FCR thout any bas. Gven a vast quantty of heterogeneous lterature, the type of tems that ere collected ncludes, the characterstcs on the report of the study (such as author, year and source), the study tself, research desgn (duraton of exposure, treatment assgnment mechansm or samplng mechansm) and the effect sze (sample sze, nature of outcome, estmates and standard error). The method appled for metaanalyss as smlar to that descrbed earler (Mondal et al., ; Suresh et al., ). The unt of data for meta-analyss as mean and standard devaton reported n the studes. The data ere extracted for control and expermental groups n the prespecfed proforma. The follong ere the ncluson crtera appled to select the study ). Research conducted on brolers and anyhere n the orld; ). Only studes presented n Englsh and ).Those studes th complete nformaton s avalable. The effect sze hch s the standardzed mean dfference of control and expermental settng s defned by Cohen s g and s computed as Ye Yc g ( ), here Y e s mean of the Sp expermental group, Y c s the mean of the control group and Sp s the pooled standard devaton th ( ne ) se + ( nc ) sc Sp, Snce g s based estmator ne of the populaton effect sze and hence g has to be multpled by correcton term j here m m n e, The resultng effect sze statstc s as follos d g( ) and the varance of d s m ne d σ +. n e nc ( ne ) After testng for sgnfcance of heterogenety of studes based on ch-square test and Tau (heterogenety coeffcent), fxed effect model or random effect model ere selected for ntegratng the results. When heterogenety as nsgnfcant, fxed effect model by Inverse Varance method (IV method) as used th zero heterogenety coeffcent, otherse a random effect model by DerSmonan and Lard Method (DL method) as used. Random effect model allos the study varaton by co-effcent of heterogenety to some extent hle ntegratng results and n the present study, the maxmum Tau alloed as so as to avod the larger heterogenety among the studes (Glass, 976; Eugene et al., ; Sauvant et al., 8). Inverse-Varance method The Inverse-Varance Method (IV method) as used to pool ether bnary, contnuous or correlaton data. Ths approach has de applcablty snce t can be used to combne any estmate that has standard error avalable. The effect sze or mean are combned to gve a pooled estmate (denoted by θ) by calculatng eghted average of the treatment effects from the ndvdual studes as gven belo. θ IV θ Where the eghts are calculated as, SE( θ ). That s, the eght for the th study s equal to ts precson of the estmate.. The standard error of θ IV s gven by, SE(θ IV ) The heterogenety statstc (denoted by Q ) s gven by, Q ( θ θ IV ) The Q follos ch-square dstrbuton th (k-) degrees of freedom, here k s the number of studes ncluded n the meta-analyss. DerSmonan and Lard method The DerSmonan and Lard method (DL method) of meta-analyss s based on the random effects model. Under the random effects model, the assumpton of common effect s relaxed, and the effect sze or mean θ are assumed to have a normal dstrbuton th mean θ and varance τ. The usual DL estmate for τ s gven by, τ Q ( k ) here Q s the heterogenety statstc, and the eghts are calculated as n the IV Method, and k s the number of studes. The τ s set to zero f Q <(k-). In ths approach, the eghts for each study effect sze are as gven
3 Suganth et al. () Asan-Aust. J. Anm. Sc. (): belo. SE( θ ) +τ The pooled estmate s gven by, θ DL θ Wth standard error, SE(θ DL ) The heterogenety statstc and ts test of sgnfcance s as gven n the IV method. RESULTS Meta-analyss on the effect of feedng aflatoxn durng day one to sx eeks of age on FCR n brolers Fgure depcts the meta-analyss results on effect of feedng aflatoxn on FCR at st eek, nd eek, rd eek, th eek, 5 th eek and 6 th eek of age of brolers. The results Effect sze(d) Study St udy St udy St udy St udy 5 St udy 6 Combned Week -FCR Effect sze(d) Study Study Study Study Study 5 Study 6 Study 7 Study 8 Combned Week -FCR 9. Effect sze(d) Study Study Study Study Study 5 Study 6 Comb ned -.6 Effect sze(d) S t udy S t udy S t udy S t udy S t udy 5 S t udy 6 S t udy 7 S t udy 8 S t udy 9 S t udy S t udy C ombned Week -FCR Week -FCR Effect sze(d) Study Study Study Study Study 5 Study 6 Comb ned Effect sze(d) S t udy S t udy S t udy S t udy S t udy 5 S t udy 6 S t udy 7 S t udy 8 S t udy 9 S t udy C ombned Week 5-FCR Week 6-FCR Fgure. Effect of aflatoxn on feed converson rato n brolers durng -6 eeks of age.
4 76 Suganth et al. () Asan-Aust. J. Anm. Sc. (): ere presented on effect sze hch s the standardzed dfference of means of control and expermental groups. Effect reflects the effect of aflatoxn on FCR.e., hgher the effect sze, more the toxc effect on FCR. The varaton due to dose, settng, brds, breed and laboratory ere controlled as effectve sze and estmated by random effect method. Frst eek : Among the sx studes subjected to metaanalyss, four shoed no effect or a neglgble effect (effect sze d<.) on FCR by feedng aflatoxn from frst day to one eek of age hereas to other studes shoed a small effect (.<d<.5). Independent analyss of the results dd not confrm the effect of aflatoxn. On the other hand, the meta-analyss of random effect model by DL method shoed postve results but th neglgble effect (d.). Second eek : At to eeks of age, feedng aflatoxn to brolers exhbted neglgble effect on FCR n fve studes (d<.) and a small effect (.<d<.5) n one study. In contrary to these results, to other studes revealed a very large effect (d>.) of aflatoxn on FCR. But the metaanalyss of random effect model by DL method shoed postve results th a medum effect (d.57) of aflatoxn on FCR. Thrd eek : Meta-analyss of fve of the sx studes selected shoed a neglgble effect (d<.) on FCR n brolers fed aflatoxn for three eeks hereas one study shoed a small effect (.<d<.5). But the results of meta-analyss of random effect model by DL method shoed postve effect of aflatoxn on FCR that as very large (d.76) and adverse. Fourth eek : In the fourth eek, vared effect of aflatoxn on FCR as observed. Among eleven studes evaluated, nne exhbted a neglgble effect (d<.). A small effect (.<d<.5) as observed n one study and a very large effect as observed n other study (d>.). Hoever, the meta-analyss of random effect model by DL method performed, shoed postve effect of aflatoxn on FCR that as very large (d 8.6) and hghly adverse. Ffth eek : Independent analyss of the results of all the sx studes subjected to meta-analyss shoed neglgble effect of aflatoxn on FCR (d<.). Hoever, the metaanalyss of random effect model by DL method performed exhbted postve effect of aflatoxn on FCR and the effect as observed to be very large (d.77). Sxth eek : Independent analyss of ten studes at sx eeks of age of brolers revealed neglgble effect of aflatoxn on FCR (d<.). But the meta-analyss of random effect model by DL method performed shoed postve effect of aflatoxn on FCR and the effect as very large (d.79). DISCUSSION Meta-analyss s a rapdly expandng area of research. It refers to the statstcal analyss of large collectons of results from ndvdual studes for the purpose of ntegratng the fndngs and t s a quanttatve study desgn used to systematcally assess prevous studes to derve the conclusons about the body of research. Outcomes from meta-analyss may nclude a more precse estmate of the effect of treatment or the rsk factors for dsease or condton than any ndvdual studes contrbutng to the pooled analyss. Identfcaton of the source of varaton n responses or heterogenety of group of studes and generalsng of responses can lead to a more effectve treatment or modfcaton of management. Examnaton of heterogenety s perhaps the most mportant task n metaanalyss. Meta-analyss places a less emphass on sgnfcance testng and larger emphass on determnng the magntude and precson of an effect of nterest. The poultry ndustry s one of the fastest grong sectors and a major problem n t s the occurrence of aflatoxns n feed (Calder, 7). In the poultry ndustry, any factor that affects the feed converson rato of brds affects the economc gan. Hence the present study s focused to meta-analytcally study the effect of feedng aflatoxn on feed converson rato n brolers. The studes selected for meta-analyss ere conducted usng dfferent doses of aflatoxns rangng from.5 ppm to 5. ppm. Aflatoxn feedng at.6 ppm dose (Daz and Sugahara, 995) s shon to decrease FCR at the end of frst eek of age. Contrary reports ndcatng no change n FCR by feedng aflatoxns (.5-. ppm) n det for eek are also avalable (Oguz and Kurtoglu, ; Celk et al., 5). Hoever, the meta-analyss shos the postve effect hch s neglgble and ths could be attrbuted to feed ntake and eght gan as FCR may depend on feed ntake and eght gan. Oguz and Kurtoglu () dd not sho any reducton n FCR after feedng.5 ppm aflatoxn B for eeks. Hoever, meta-analyss shos a medum effect hch reflects the toxcty nduced by aflatoxn. The reports on effect of aflatoxn on FCR at three eeks of age of brolers are contrary. A sgnfcant ncrease n FCR by 7% to % s shon n chcks fed a det contanng.5 ppm aflatoxn (Huff et al., 986; Oguz, 997) and 5. ppm aflatoxn (Kubena et al., 998) from to days of age, hch n turn ndcates the adverse effect of aflatoxns on feed utlzaton. In contrary to the above fndngs, Oguz and Kurtoglu () dd not observe any sgnfcant dfference n FCR n brds fed.5 ppm up to three eeks of age. In the present study, meta- analyss ndcates very large adverse effect of aflatoxn on FCR. Shaban et al. () demonstrated a reducton n FCR at the end of eeks n brds fed th.5 ppm aflatoxn, hch s n agreement th earler studes (Verma et al., ; Pandey and Chauhan, 7) and meta-analyss ndcates adverse effect hch s very large. Verma et al.
5 Suganth et al. () Asan-Aust. J. Anm. Sc. (): () found a sgnfcant reducton n FCR of brds fed. ppm and. ppm of aflatoxns at four and seven eeks of age, suggestng an nverse relatonshp beteen aflatoxn concentraton n feed and FCR. Aflatoxn levels as lo as. ppm for 5 eeks or 8 eeks could affect the FCR n brds (Oguz et al., ). Even 5 ppb aflatoxns n feed could be harmful to brds f there are subclncal dseases. Many a tme, under the feld condtons, brds are exposed to lo levels of aflatoxns; chronc exposure of poultry to aflatoxns thout clncal symptoms s a major concern n the poultry ndustry as the dagnoss and treatment are dffcult. Celk et al (5), recorded reducton n FCR n chcks fed dets supplemented th. ppm aflatoxn B for 6 eeks, and ths s n agreement th earler report of Allameh et al. (5). Kermanshah et al. (9) shoed that.5 and. ppm aflatoxn dd not negatvely nfluence feed converson rato even after sx eeks of feedng and Edrngton et al. (997) has reported smlar results. The meta-analyss ndcates very large effect of aflatoxn on FCR hch reflects the adverse effect of aflatoxn. The manfestaton of chronc or acute toxcoss n brolers depends on stran, duraton of exposure and rate of metabolsm of aflatoxn to less toxc metaboltes (Kermanshah et al., 9; Shaban et al., ). The adverse effects of aflatoxns are due to anorexa, lstlessness, mpared lver functons and proten/lpd utlzaton mechansms. Aflatoxn B may cause a dose-dependent nducton or nhbton of lver mxed functon oxygenase actvtes, hch may affect the metabolsm of endogenous and exogenous substrates by lver (Shaban et al., ). The reducton n actvtes of specfc enzymes nvolved n dgeston of carbohydrates, protens, lpds nuclec acds and the absorpton of essental nutrents by aflatoxn contamnated feed (Abousad et al., 7) contrbutes to reducton n feed effcency n brolers. CONCLUSION In concluson, the results of the present meta-analyss study ndcate adverse effect of aflatoxn on FCR and t s very large from thrd to sx eeks of age of brolers. Such nformaton s of mportance to all poultry farmers and the ndustry. REFERENCES Abousad, M. A., E. Roghan and E. M Honarmand. 7. The effcacy of varous addtves to reduce the toxcty of aflatoxn B n broler chcks. Iran. J. Vet. Res. 8:-5. Allameh, A., A. Safamehr, S. A Mrhad, M. Shvazad, A. M Abyaneh and A. Nader. 5. Evaluaton of bochemcal and producton parameters of broler chcks fed ammona treated aflatoxn contamnated maze grans. Anm. Feed Sc. Technol. :89-. Bntvhok, A. and D. Davtyananda.. Aflatoxns and ther metabolte resdues n chcken tssues from 5 parts ( provnces) of Thaland. Tha J. Hlth. Res. 6:7-5. Blount, W. P. 96. Turkey X dsease. J. Br. Turkey Fed. :5-6. Calder, P. 7. Indan anmal feed ndustry Expo. Feed Tech. 8-. Celk, I., H. Oguz, O. Demet, M. Boydak, H. H. Donmez, E. Sur and F. Nzamloglu.. Embryotoxcty assay of aflatoxn produced by Aspergullus parastcus NRRL 999. Br. Poult. Sc. :-9. Celk, S., Z. Erdogan, S. Erdogan and R. Bal. 5. Effcacy of trbasc copper chlorde (TBCC) to reduce the harmful effects of aflatoxn n brolers. Turk. J. Vet. Anm. Sc. 9: Daz, G. J. and M. Sugahara Indvdual and combned effects of aflatoxn and gzzerosne n broler chckens. Br. Poult. Sc. 6: Edrngton, T. S., L. F. Kubena, R. B. Harvey and G. E. Rottnghaus Influence of super actvated charcoal on the toxc effects of aflatoxns or T- toxn n grong brolers. Poult. Sc. 76:5-. Eugene, M., H. Archmede and D. Sauvant.. Quanttatve meta-analyss on the effects of defaunaton of the rumen on groth, ntake and dgeston n rumnants. Lvest. Prod. Sc. 85:8-9. Glass, G. V Prmary, secondary and meta-analyss of research. Educ. Res. 5:-8. Huff, W. E., L. F. Kubena, R. B. Harvey, V. M. Hagler, S. P. Sanson, T. D. Phllps and C. R. Creger Indvdual and combned effects of aflatoxn and deoxynvalenol (DON, vomtoxn) n broler chckens. Poult. Sc. 65:9-98. Kermanshah, H., A. R. Hazegh and N. Afzal. 9. Effect of sodum bentonte n brolers fed dets contamnated th aflatoxn B. J. Anm. Vet. Adv. 8: Kubena, L. F., R. B. Harvey, R. H. Baley, S. A. Buckley and G. E. Rottnghaus Effects of a hydrated sodum Calcum Alumnoslcate (T-bnd) on Mycotoxcoss n young broler chckens. Poult. Sc. 77:8-59. Modrsane, M., B. Mansoor, A. R. Khosrav, M. M. Kae, P. Khazraena, M. Farkhoy and Z. Masoum. 8. Effect of datomaceous earth on the performance and blood varables of brolers chcks durng expermental aflatoxcoss. J. Sc. Food Agrc. 88:66-6. Mondal, S., K. P. Suresh and S. Nand.. Endocrne profle of oestrous cycle of buffalo: A meta-analyss. Asan-Aust. J. Anm. Sc. : Murphy, P. A., S. Hendrch, C. Landgren and C. M. Bryant. 6. Food Mycotoxns: An Update. J. Food Sc. 7:5-65. Oguz, H The preventve effcacy of polyvnylpolypyrrolodone (PVPP) alone and ts combnaton th the other adsorbents nto broler feeds aganst aflatoxcoss. Ph.D. Thess, Unversty of Selcuk, Konya. Oguz, H. and V. Kurtoglu.. Effect of clnoptlolte on performance of brolers chckens durng expermental aflatoxcoss. Br. Poult. Sc. :5-57. Oguz, H., V. Kurtoglu and B. Coskun.. Preventve effcacy of clnoptlolte n brolers durng chronc aflatoxn (5 and ppb) exposure. Res. Vet. Sc. 69:97-. Olvera, C. A. F., E. W. Kobashgaa, T. A. Res, L. Mester, R.
6 76 Suganth et al. () Asan-Aust. J. Anm. Sc. (): Albuquerque and B. Correa.. Aflatoxn B resdues n eggs of layng hens fed a det contanng dfferent levels of the mycotoxns. Food Addt. Contam. 7:59-6. Ortatatl, M. and H. Oguz.. Ameloratve effects of detary clnoptlolte on pathologcal changes n broler chckens durng aflatoxcoss. Res. Vet. Sc. 7: Pandey, I. and S. S. Chauhan. 7. Studes on producton performance and toxn resdues n tssues and eggs of layer chckens fed on dets th varous concentratons of aflatoxn AFB. Br. Poult. Sc. 8:7-7. Qaz, J. I. and Z. Fayyaz. 6. Aflatoxn contamnated foods and health rsk perspectve for Pakstan populaton. Mycopathol. :7-. Reddy, D. V. R., T. K. Dev, S. V. Reddy, F. Walyar, M. A. Mayo, K. Rama Dev, R. Ortz and J. M. Jenne.. Estmaton of aflatoxn levels n selected n foods and feeds n Inda and Food safety management n developng countres. In: Proceedngs of the Internatonal Workshop, CIRAD-FAO, France. pp. -. Rchard, J. L. and G. A. Payne.. Mycotoxns: rsks n plant, anmal, and human systems. CAST. 99. Sauvant, D., P. Schmdely, J. J. Daudn and N. R. Perre. 8. Meta-analyss of expermental data n anmal nutrton. Anm. :-. Shaban, A., B. Dastar, M. Khomer, B. Shabanpour and S. Hassan.. Response of broler chckens to dfferent levels of nanozeolte durng expermental aflatoxcoss. J. Bol. Sc. :6-67. Suresh, K. P., S. Nand and S. Mondal. 9. Factors affectng the laboratory producton of buffalo embryos: A meta-analyss. Therogenol. 7: Verma, J., T. S. Johr, B. K. San and S. Ameena.. Effects of graded levels of aflatoxns, ochratoxn and ther combnatons on the performance and mmune response of brolers. Br. Poult. Sc. 5():5-58.
Parameter Estimates of a Random Regression Test Day Model for First Three Lactation Somatic Cell Scores
Parameter Estmates of a Random Regresson Test Day Model for Frst Three actaton Somatc Cell Scores Z. u, F. Renhardt and R. Reents Unted Datasystems for Anmal Producton (VIT), Hedeweg 1, D-27280 Verden,
More informationEndocrine Profiles of Oestrous Cycle in Buffalo: A Meta-analysis
69 Asan-Aust. J. Anm. Sc. Vol. 23, No. 2 : 69-74 February 200.ajas.nfo Endocrne Profles of Oestrous Cycle n Buffalo: A Meta-analyss S. Mondal*, K. P. Suresh and S. Nand Natonal Insttute of Anmal Nutrton
More informationInternational Journal of Emerging Technologies in Computational and Applied Sciences (IJETCAS)
Internatonal Assocaton of Scentfc Innovaton and Research (IASIR (An Assocaton Unfyng the Scences, Engneerng, and Appled Research Internatonal Journal of Emergng Technologes n Computatonal and Appled Scences
More informationPrice linkages in value chains: methodology
Prce lnkages n value chans: methodology Prof. Trond Bjorndal, CEMARE. Unversty of Portsmouth, UK. and Prof. José Fernández-Polanco Unversty of Cantabra, Span. FAO INFOSAMAK Tangers, Morocco 14 March 2012
More informationJoint Modelling Approaches in diabetes research. Francisco Gude Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago
Jont Modellng Approaches n dabetes research Clncal Epdemology Unt, Hosptal Clínco Unverstaro de Santago Outlne 1 Dabetes 2 Our research 3 Some applcatons Dabetes melltus Is a serous lfe-long health condton
More information(From the Gastroenterology Division, Cornell University Medical College, New York 10021)
ROLE OF HEPATIC ANION-BINDING PROTEIN IN BROMSULPHTHALEIN CONJUGATION* BY N. KAPLOWITZ, I. W. PERC -ROBB,~ ANn N. B. JAVITT (From the Gastroenterology Dvson, Cornell Unversty Medcal College, New York 10021)
More information310 Int'l Conf. Par. and Dist. Proc. Tech. and Appl. PDPTA'16
310 Int'l Conf. Par. and Dst. Proc. Tech. and Appl. PDPTA'16 Akra Sasatan and Hrosh Ish Graduate School of Informaton and Telecommuncaton Engneerng, Toka Unversty, Mnato, Tokyo, Japan Abstract The end-to-end
More informationThe Effect of Fish Farmers Association on Technical Efficiency: An Application of Propensity Score Matching Analysis
The Effect of Fsh Farmers Assocaton on Techncal Effcency: An Applcaton of Propensty Score Matchng Analyss Onumah E. E, Esslfe F. L, and Asumng-Brempong, S 15 th July, 2016 Background and Motvaton Outlne
More informationSaeed Ghanbari, Seyyed Mohammad Taghi Ayatollahi*, Najaf Zare
DOI:http://dx.do.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.14.5655 and Anthracyclne- Breast Cancer Treatment and Survval n the Eastern Medterranean and Asa: a Meta-analyss RESEARCH ARTICLE Comparng Role of Two Chemotherapy
More informationTHE NATURAL HISTORY AND THE EFFECT OF PIVMECILLINAM IN LOWER URINARY TRACT INFECTION.
MET9401 SE 10May 2000 Page 13 of 154 2 SYNOPSS MET9401 SE THE NATURAL HSTORY AND THE EFFECT OF PVMECLLNAM N LOWER URNARY TRACT NFECTON. L A study of the natural hstory and the treatment effect wth pvmecllnam
More informationRENAL FUNCTION AND ACE INHIBITORS IN RENAL ARTERY STENOSISA/adbon et al. 651
Downloaded from http://ahajournals.org by on January, 209 RENAL FUNCTION AND INHIBITORS IN RENAL ARTERY STENOSISA/adbon et al. 65 Downloaded from http://ahajournals.org by on January, 209 Patents and Methods
More informationUsing the Perpendicular Distance to the Nearest Fracture as a Proxy for Conventional Fracture Spacing Measures
Usng the Perpendcular Dstance to the Nearest Fracture as a Proxy for Conventonal Fracture Spacng Measures Erc B. Nven and Clayton V. Deutsch Dscrete fracture network smulaton ams to reproduce dstrbutons
More informationCopy Number Variation Methods and Data
Copy Number Varaton Methods and Data Copy number varaton (CNV) Reference Sequence ACCTGCAATGAT TAAGCCCGGG TTGCAACGTTAGGCA Populaton ACCTGCAATGAT TAAGCCCGGG TTGCAACGTTAGGCA ACCTGCAATGAT TTGCAACGTTAGGCA
More informationA Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Education on Social Capital
A Meta-Analyss of the Effect of Educaton on Socal Captal Huang Jan ** "Scholar" Research Center for Educaton and Labor Market Department of Economcs, Unversty of Amsterdam and Tnbergen Insttute by Henrëtte
More informationDoes reporting heterogeneity bias the measurement of health disparities?
HEDG Workng Paper 06/03 Does reportng heterogenety bas the measurement of health dspartes? Teresa Bago d Uva Eddy Van Doorslaer Maarten Lndeboom Owen O Donnell Somnath Chatterj March 2006 ISSN 1751-1976
More informationAssociation between cholesterol and cardiac parameters.
Short communcaton http://www.alledacademes.org/cholesterol-and-heart-dsease/ Assocaton between cholesterol and cardac parameters. Rabndra Nath Das* Department of Statstcs, The Unversty of Burdwan, Burdwan,
More informationMaize Varieties Combination Model of Multi-factor. and Implement
Maze Varetes Combnaton Model of Mult-factor and Implement LIN YANG,XIAODONG ZHANG,SHAOMING LI Department of Geographc Informaton Scence Chna Agrcultural Unversty No. 17 Tsnghua East Road, Bejng 100083
More informationHIV/AIDS-related Expectations and Risky Sexual Behavior in Malawi
HIV/AIDS-related Expectatons and Rsky Sexual Behavor n Malaw Adelne Delavande Unversty of Essex and RAND Corporaton Hans-Peter Kohler Unversty of Pennsylvanna January 202 Abstract We use probablstc expectatons
More informationWhat Determines Attitude Improvements? Does Religiosity Help?
Internatonal Journal of Busness and Socal Scence Vol. 4 No. 9; August 2013 What Determnes Atttude Improvements? Does Relgosty Help? Madhu S. Mohanty Calforna State Unversty-Los Angeles Los Angeles, 5151
More informationA GEOGRAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF LEUKEMIA DEATHS RELATING TO NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS. Whitney Thompson, Sarah McGinnis, Darius McDaniel,
A GEOGRAPHICAL AD STATISTICAL AALYSIS OF LEUKEMIA DEATHS RELATIG TO UCLEAR POWER PLATS Whtney Thompson, Sarah McGnns, Darus McDanel, Jean Sexton, Rebecca Pettt, Sarah Anderson, Monca Jackson ABSTRACT:
More informationModeling the Survival of Retrospective Clinical Data from Prostate Cancer Patients in Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana
Internatonal Journal of Appled Scence and Technology Vol. 5, No. 6; December 2015 Modelng the Survval of Retrospectve Clncal Data from Prostate Cancer Patents n Komfo Anokye Teachng Hosptal, Ghana Asedu-Addo,
More informationConcentration of teicoplanin in the serum of adults with end stage chronic renal failure undergoing treatment for infection
Journal of Antmcrobal Chemotherapy (1996) 37, 117-121 Concentraton of tecoplann n the serum of adults wth end stage chronc renal falure undergong treatment for nfecton A. MercateUo'*, K. Jaber*, D. Hfflare-Buys*,
More informationFitsum Zewdu, Junior Research Fellow. Working Paper No 3/ 2010
SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS OF EARLY CHILDHOOD MORTALITY IN ETHIOPIA: EVIDENCE FROM DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEY Ftsum Zewdu, Junor Research Fellow Workng Paper No 3/ 2010 Ethopan Economcs Assocaton / Ethopan
More informationKim M Iburg Joshua A Salomon Ajay Tandon Christopher JL Murray. Global Programme on Evidence for Health Policy Discussion Paper No.
Cross-populaton comparablty of self-reported and physcan-assessed moblty levels: Evdence from the Thrd Natonal Health and Nutrton Examnaton Survey Km M Iburg Joshua A Salomon Ajay Tandon Chrstopher JL
More informationADDITIVE MAIN EFFECTS AND MULTIPLICATIVE INTERACTION (AMMI) ANALYSIS OF GRAIN YIELD STABILITY IN EARLY DURATION RICE ABSTRACT
Bose et al., The Journal of Anmal & Plant Scences, 4(6): 014, Page: J. 1885-1897 Anm. Plant Sc. 4(6):014 ISSN: 1018-7081 ADDITIVE MAIN EFFECTS AND MULTIPLICATIVE INTERACTION (AMMI) ANALYSIS OF GRAIN YIELD
More informationHIV/AIDS-related Expectations and Risky Sexual Behavior in Malawi
Unversty of Pennsylvana ScholarlyCommons PSC Workng Paper Seres 7-29-20 HIV/AIDS-related Expectatons and Rsky Sexual Behavor n Malaw Adelne Delavande RAND Corporaton, Nova School of Busness and Economcs
More informationCONSTRUCTION OF STOCHASTIC MODEL FOR TIME TO DENGUE VIRUS TRANSMISSION WITH EXPONENTIAL DISTRIBUTION
Internatonal Journal of Pure and Appled Mathematcal Scences. ISSN 97-988 Volume, Number (7), pp. 3- Research Inda Publcatons http://www.rpublcaton.com ONSTRUTION OF STOHASTI MODEL FOR TIME TO DENGUE VIRUS
More informationEconomic crisis and follow-up of the conditions that define metabolic syndrome in a cohort of Catalonia,
Economc crss and follow-up of the condtons that defne metabolc syndrome n a cohort of Catalona, 2005-2012 Laa Maynou 1,2,3, Joan Gl 4, Gabrel Coll-de-Tuero 5,2, Ton Mora 6, Carme Saurna 1,2, Anton Scras
More informationOffsetting Behavior in Reducing High Cholesterol: Substitution of Medication for Diet and Lifestyle Changes
Journal of Choce Modellng, 2(1), pp. 51-64 www.jocm.org.uk Offsettng Behavor n educng Hgh Cholesterol: Substtuton of Medcaton for Det and Lfestyle Changes Lsa Mancno 1,* Fred Kuchler 1, ¹Economc esearch
More informationINITIAL ANALYSIS OF AWS-OBSERVED TEMPERATURE
INITIAL ANALYSIS OF AWS-OBSERVED TEMPERATURE Wang Yng, Lu Xaonng, Ren Zhhua, Natonal Meteorologcal Informaton Center, Bejng, Chna Tel.:+86 684755, E-mal:cdcsjk@cma.gov.cn Abstract From, n Chna meteorologcal
More informationAre National School Lunch Program Participants More Likely to be Obese? Dealing with Identification
Are Natonal School Lunch Program Partcpants More Lkely to be Obese? Dealng wth Identfcaton Janet G. Peckham Graduate Student, Clemson Unversty (jgemml@clemson.edu) Jaclyn D. Kropp Assstant Professor, Clemson
More informationStudies In Blood Preservation
Howard Unversty Dgtal Howard @ Howard Unversty Faculty Reprnts 12-1-1939 Studes In Blood Preservaton Charles R. Drew Follow ths and addtonal works at: http://dh.howard.edu/reprnts Part of the Medcne and
More informationThe impact of asthma self-management education programs on the health outcomes: A meta-analysis (systemic review) of randomized controlled trials
Calforna State Unversty, San Bernardno CSUSB ScholarWorks Theses Dgtzaton Project John M. Pfau Lbrary 2003 The mpact of asthma self-management educaton programs on the health outcomes: A meta-analyss (systemc
More informationDECREASING SYMPTOMS IN INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS PATIENTS: PENTOSAN POLYSULFATE VS. SACRAL NEUROMODULATION. A Research Project by. Katy D.
DECREASING SYMPTOMS IN INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS PATIENTS: PENTOSAN POLYSULFATE VS. SACRAL NEUROMODULATION. A Research Project by Katy D. Prce Bachelor of General Studes, Unversty of Kansas, 2005 Submtted
More informationI I I I I I I I I I I I 60
EFFECT OF AGE, STAGE OF LACTATON, MLK YELD AND HEALTH EVENTS ON LENGTH OF PRODUCTVE LFE N SWEDSH DARY CATTLE ASSESSED BY SURVVAL ANALYSS. P.A. Oltenacu l, J. Carvalhera, U. Emanuelson 2 and V. Ducrocq
More informationStatistical Analysis on Infectious Diseases in Dubai, UAE
Internatonal Journal of Preventve Medcne Research Vol. 1, No. 4, 015, pp. 60-66 http://www.ascence.org/journal/jpmr Statstcal Analyss on Infectous Dseases 1995-013 n Duba, UAE Khams F. G. 1, Hussan H.
More informationSurvival Rate of Patients of Ovarian Cancer: Rough Set Approach
Internatonal OEN ACCESS Journal Of Modern Engneerng esearch (IJME) Survval ate of atents of Ovaran Cancer: ough Set Approach Kamn Agrawal 1, ragat Jan 1 Department of Appled Mathematcs, IET, Indore, Inda
More informationStudy and Comparison of Various Techniques of Image Edge Detection
Gureet Sngh et al Int. Journal of Engneerng Research Applcatons RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Study Comparson of Varous Technques of Image Edge Detecton Gureet Sngh*, Er. Harnder sngh** *(Department of
More informationAppendix F: The Grant Impact for SBIR Mills
Appendx F: The Grant Impact for SBIR Mlls Asmallsubsetofthefrmsnmydataapplymorethanonce.Ofthe7,436applcant frms, 71% appled only once, and a further 14% appled twce. Wthn my data, seven companes each submtted
More informationDo Animal-Assisted Activities Effectively Treat Depression? A Meta-Analysis
ANTHROZOÖS VOLUME 20, ISSUE 2 REPRINTS AVAILABLE PHOTOCOPYING ISAZ 2007 PP 167 180 DIRECTLY FROM PERMITTED PRINTED IN THE UK THE PUBLISHERS BY LICENSE ONLY Do Anmal-Asssted Actvtes Effectvely Treat Depresson?
More informationSequential meta-analysis to determine whether or not to start another trial: the high frequency versus conventional mechanical ventilation example
. Sequental meta-analyss to determne whether or not to start another tral: the hgh frequency versus conventonal mechancal ventlaton example Sequental analyss shows value of new trals Casper W. Bollen,
More informationBirol, Ekin; Asare-Marfo, Dorene; Ayele, Gezahegn; Mensa-Bonsu, Akwasi; Ndirangu, Lydia; Okpukpara, Benjamin; Roy, Devesh; and Yakhshilikov, Yorbol
Investgatng the Role of Poultry n Lvelhoods and the Impact of HPAI on Lvelhoods Outcomes n Afrca: Evdence from Ethopa, Ghana, Kenya and Ngera By Brol, Ekn; Asare-Marfo, Dorene; Ayele, Gezahegn; Mensa-Bonsu,
More informationLateral Transfer Data Report. Principal Investigator: Andrea Baptiste, MA, OT, CIE Co-Investigator: Kay Steadman, MA, OTR, CHSP. Executive Summary:
Samar tmed c ali ndus t r esi nc 55Fl em ngdr ve, Un t#9 Cambr dge, ON. N1T2A9 T el. 18886582206 Ema l. nf o@s amar t r ol l boar d. c om www. s amar t r ol l boar d. c om Lateral Transfer Data Report
More informationDesperation or Desire? The Role of Risk Aversion in Marriage. Christy Spivey, Ph.D. * forthcoming, Economic Inquiry. Abstract
Desperaton or Desre? The Role of Rsk Averson n Marrage Chrsty Spvey, Ph.D. * forthcomng, Economc Inury Abstract Because of the uncertanty nherent n searchng for a spouse and the uncertanty of the future
More informationRichard Williams Notre Dame Sociology Meetings of the European Survey Research Association Ljubljana,
Rchard Wllams Notre Dame Socology rwllam@nd.edu http://www.nd.edu/~rwllam Meetngs of the European Survey Research Assocaton Ljubljana, Slovena July 19, 2013 Comparng Logt and Probt Coeffcents across groups
More informationEVALUATION OF BULK MODULUS AND RING DIAMETER OF SOME TELLURITE GLASS SYSTEMS
Chalcogende Letters Vol. 12, No. 2, February 2015, p. 67-74 EVALUATION OF BULK MODULUS AND RING DIAMETER OF SOME TELLURITE GLASS SYSTEMS R. EL-MALLAWANY a*, M.S. GAAFAR b, N. VEERAIAH c a Physcs Dept.,
More informationTIME RESPONSE OF JEJUNAL SUCRASE AND MALTASE ACTIVITY TO A HIGH SUCROSE DIET IN NORMAL MAN
GASTROEKTEROLOGY Copyrght 1969 by The Wllams & Wlkns Co. Vol. 56, No.3 Prnted n U.S.A. TIME RESPONSE OF JEJUNAL SUCRASE AND MALTASE ACTIVITY TO A HIGH SUCROSE DIET IN NORMAL MAN NORTON S. RoSENSWEIG, M.D.,
More informationGurprit Grover and Dulumoni Das* Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
Journal of AIDS and HIV Research Vol. 3(), pp. -9, January 20 Avalable onlne http:// academcjournals.org/jahr ISSN 24-2359 20 Academc Journals Full Length Research Paper Decrement table and the estmaton
More informationGENOTYPE BY ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS IN LIVESTOCK BREEDING PROGRAMS: A REVIEW
GENOTYPE BY ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS IN LIVESTOCK BREEDING PROGRAMS: A REVIEW HUGO H. MONTALDO n a smple genetc model for a quanttatve trat, the phenotype s consdered as the sum of ndependent genetc and
More informationWHO S ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH CARE INDUSTRY PERFORMANCE: RATING THE RANKINGS
WHO S ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH CARE INDUSTRY PERFORMANCE: RATING THE RANKINGS ELLIOTT PARKER and JEANNE WENDEL * Department of Economcs, Unversty of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA SUMMARY Ths paper examnes the econometrc
More informationEFFICIENCY CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE PURELY TAPERED INTERFERENCE FIT (TIF) ABUTMENTS USED IN DENTAL IMPLANTS
EFFICIENCY CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE PURELY TAPERED INTERFERENCE FIT (TIF) ABUTMENTS USED IN DENTAL IMPLANTS by Dnçer Bozkaya, Graduate Student Snan Müftü 1, Ph.D. Assocate Professor Northeastern Unversty
More informationProtein-Lipid Relationships in Normal Dog Plasma
Proten-Lpd Relatonshps n Normal Dog Plasma pplcaton of Cohn Method 0 By ELL M. EUSS ND JULIE RYMUNT lthough Cohn's merofmetonaton method number 0 was specfcally devsed to meet the condtons of proten concentraton
More informationModeling Multi Layer Feed-forward Neural. Network Model on the Influence of Hypertension. and Diabetes Mellitus on Family History of
Appled Mathematcal Scences, Vol. 7, 2013, no. 41, 2047-2053 HIKARI Ltd, www.m-hkar.com Modelng Mult Layer Feed-forward Neural Network Model on the Influence of Hypertenson and Dabetes Melltus on Famly
More informationSystematic review and meta-analysis Tropical Medicine Nov, 4 th 2016
Systematc revew and meta-analyss Tropcal Medcne Nov, 4 th 2016 Ammarn Thakknstan, Ph.D. Secton for Clncal Epdemology and Bostatstcs Faculty of Medcne, Ramathbod Hosptal e-mal: ammarn.tha@mahdol.ac.th www.ceb-rama.org
More informationOptimal formulations of local foods to achieve nutritional adequacy for 6 23-month-old rural Tanzanian children
FOOD & NUTRITION RESEARCH, 2017 VOL. 61, 1358035 https://do.org/10.1080/16546628.2017.1358035 ARTICLE Optmal formulatons of local foods to acheve nutrtonal adequacy for 6 23-month-old rural Tanzanan chldren
More informationNUMERICAL COMPARISONS OF BIOASSAY METHODS IN ESTIMATING LC50 TIANHONG ZHOU
NUMERICAL COMPARISONS OF BIOASSAY METHODS IN ESTIMATING LC50 by TIANHONG ZHOU B.S., Chna Agrcultural Unversty, 2003 M.S., Chna Agrcultural Unversty, 2006 A THESIS submtted n partal fulfllment of the requrements
More informationIncorrect Beliefs. Overconfidence. Types of Overconfidence. Outline. Overprecision 4/22/2015. Econ 1820: Behavioral Economics Mark Dean Spring 2015
Incorrect Belefs Overconfdence Econ 1820: Behavoral Economcs Mark Dean Sprng 2015 In objectve EU we assumed that everyone agreed on what the probabltes of dfferent events were In subjectve expected utlty
More informationHYPEIIGLTCAEMIA AS A MENDELIAN P~ECESSIVE CHAI~ACTEP~ IN MICE.
HYPEGLTCAEMA AS A MENDELAN P~ECESSVE CHA~ACTEP~ N MCE. BY P. J. CAM~CDGE, M.D. (LEND.), 32 Nottngham Place, Ma~'y~ebone, London, W, 1, AND H. A. H. {OWAZD, B.So. (Lol, m.). h'~ the course of an nvestgaton
More informationEnhanced production of intracellular dextran dextrinase from Gluconobacter oxydans using statistical experimental methods
Afrcan Journal of Botechnology Vol. 9(8), pp. 1180-1189, February, 010 Avalable onlne at http://www.academcjournals.org/ajb ISSN 1684 5315 010 Academc Journals Full Length Research Paper Enhanced producton
More informationThe Limits of Individual Identification from Sample Allele Frequencies: Theory and Statistical Analysis
The Lmts of Indvdual Identfcaton from Sample Allele Frequences: Theory and Statstcal Analyss Peter M. Vsscher 1 *, Wllam G. Hll 2 1 Queensland Insttute of Medcal Research, Brsbane, Australa, 2 Insttute
More informationEffect of Exposure to Trace Elements in the Soil on the Prevalence of Neural Tube Defects in a High-Risk Area of China*
94 Bomed Envron Sc, 011; 4(): 94 101 Orgnal Artcle Effect of Exposure to Trace Elements n the Sol on the Prevalence of Neural Tube Defects n a Hgh-Rsk Area of Chna* HUANG Jng 1,, WU JLe,, LI TeJun 1, SONG
More informationARTICLE IN PRESS Neuropsychologia xxx (2010) xxx xxx
Neuropsychologa xxx (200) xxx xxx Contents lsts avalable at ScenceDrect Neuropsychologa journal homepage: www.elsever.com/locate/neuropsychologa Storage and bndng of object features n vsual workng memory
More informationBIOSTATISTICS. Lecture 1 Data Presentation and Descriptive Statistics. dr. Petr Nazarov
Genomcs Research Unt BIOSTATISTICS Lecture 1 Data Presentaton and Descrptve Statstcs dr. Petr Nazarov 3-03-2017 petr.nazarov@lh.lu COURSE OVERVIEW Organzaton: 60h = 12 days Theoretcal course (30h) Theory
More informationEffects of Micro-Electrical Stimulation on Regulation of Behavior of Electro-Active Stem Cells
Orgnal Artcle J. of Bosystems Eng. 38():113-10. (013. 6) http://dx.do.org/10.5307/jbe.013.38..113 Journal of Bosystems Engneerng eissn : 34-186 pissn : 1738-166 Effects of Mcro-Electrcal Stmulaton on Regulaton
More informationThe Importance of Being Marginal: Gender Differences in Generosity 1
The Importance of Beng Margnal: Gender Dfferences n Generosty 1 Stefano DellaVgna, John A. Lst, Ulrke Malmender, and Gautam Rao Forthcomng, Amercan Economc Revew Papers and Proceedngs, May 2013 Abstract
More informationNormal variation in the length of the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle: identification of the short luteal phase
Brtsh Journal of Obstetrcs and Gvnaecologjl July 1984, Vol. 9 1, pp. 685-689 Normal varaton n the length of the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle: dentfcaton of the short luteal phase ELIZABETH A. LENTON,
More informationBalanced Query Methods for Improving OCR-Based Retrieval
Balanced Query Methods for Improvng OCR-Based Retreval Kareem Darwsh Electrcal and Computer Engneerng Dept. Unversty of Maryland, College Park College Park, MD 20742 kareem@glue.umd.edu Douglas W. Oard
More informationIntegration of sensory information within touch and across modalities
Integraton of sensory nformaton wthn touch and across modaltes Marc O. Ernst, Jean-Perre Brescan, Knut Drewng & Henrch H. Bülthoff Max Planck Insttute for Bologcal Cybernetcs 72076 Tübngen, Germany marc.ernst@tuebngen.mpg.de
More informationA comparison of statistical methods in interrupted time series analysis to estimate an intervention effect
Peer revew stream A comparson of statstcal methods n nterrupted tme seres analyss to estmate an nterventon effect a,b, J.J.J., Walter c, S., Grzebeta a, R. & Olver b, J. a Transport and Road Safety, Unversty
More informationOptimization of Neem Seed Oil Extraction Process Using Response Surface Methodology
ISSN 4-186 (Paper) ISSN 5-091 (Onlne) Vol., No.6, 01 Optmzaton of Neem Seed Ol Extracton Process Usng Response Surface Methodology Tunmse Latfat Adewoye 1 and Oladpupo Olaosebkan Ogunleye 1 Department
More informationDisease Mapping for Stomach Cancer in Libya Based on Besag York Mollié (BYM) Model
DI:0.034/APJCP.07.8.6.479 Dsease Mappng for Stomach Cancer n Lbya: Bayesan Study RESEARC ARTICLE Dsease Mappng for Stomach Cancer n Lbya Based on Besag York Mollé (BYM) Model Maryam Ahmed Salem Alhdr *,
More informationHIV/AIDS AND POVERTY IN SOUTH AFRICA: A BAYESIAN ESTIMATION OF SELECTION MODELS WITH CORRELATED FIXED-EFFECTS
HIV/AIDS AND POVERTY IN SOUTH AFRICA: A BAYESIAN ESTIMATION OF SELECTION MODELS WITH CORRELATED FIXED-EFFECTS FABRICE MURTIN* AND FEDERICA MARZO Abstract In ths paper, we estmate the causal mpact of human
More informationENRICHING PROCESS OF ICE-CREAM RECOMMENDATION USING COMBINATORIAL RANKING OF AHP AND MONTE CARLO AHP
ENRICHING PROCESS OF ICE-CREAM RECOMMENDATION USING COMBINATORIAL RANKING OF AHP AND MONTE CARLO AHP 1 AKASH RAMESHWAR LADDHA, 2 RAHUL RAGHVENDRA JOSHI, 3 Dr.PEETI MULAY 1 M.Tech, Department of Computer
More informationHEPATIC TAURINE CONCENTRATION AND DIETARY TAURINE AS REGULATORS OF BILE ACID CONJUGATION WITH TAURINE
16-585/78/751-71$2./ GASTROENTEROLOGY 75:71-75, 1978 Copyrght 1978 by the Amercan Gastroenterologcal Assocaton Vol. 75, No.1 Prnted n U.S.A. HEPATIC TAURINE CONCENTRATION AND DIETARY TAURINE AS REGULATORS
More information1 0 1 Neither A nor B I Both Anti-A and Anti-B 1 0, A, B, AB I 0 1. Simulated ABO 6; Rh Bood vping Lab Activity Student Study Guide BACKGROUND
Smulated ABO 6; Rh Bood vpng Lab Actvty Student Study Gude BACKGROUND nces Around 900, Karl Landstener dscovered that there are at least four dfferent knds of human blood, determned by the presence or
More informationA-UNIFAC Modeling of Binary and Multicomponent Phase Equilibria of Fatty Esters+Water+Methanol+Glycerol
-UNIFC Modelng of Bnary and Multcomponent Phase Equlbra of Fatty Esters+Water+Methanol+Glycerol N. Garrdo a, O. Ferrera b, R. Lugo c, J.-C. de Hemptnne c, M. E. Macedo a, S.B. Bottn d,* a Department of
More informationAddressing empirical challenges related to the incentive compatibility of stated preference methods
Addressng emprcal challenges related to the ncentve compatblty of stated preference methods Mkołaj Czajkowsk 1, Chrstan A. Vossler 2,, Wktor Budzńsk 1, Aleksandra Wśnewska 1 and Ewa Zawojska 1 The fnal
More informationAre Drinkers Prone to Engage in Risky Sexual Behaviors?
Amercan Internatonal Journal of Socal Scence Vol. 2 No. 5; July 2013 Are Drnkers Prone to Engage n Rsky Sexual Behavors? Ana Isabel Gl Lacruz Zaragoza Unversty Department of Busness Organzaton and Management
More informationEvaluation of two release operations at Bonneville Dam on the smolt-to-adult survival of Spring Creek National Fish Hatchery fall Chinook salmon
Evaluaton of two release operatons at Bonnevlle Dam on the smolt-to-adult survval of Sprng Creek Natonal Fsh Hatchery fall Chnook salmon By Steven L. Haeseker and Davd Wlls Columba Rver Fshery Program
More informationEfficiency Considerations for the Purely Tapered Interference Fit (TIF) Abutments Used in Dental Implants
Dnçer Bozkaya Graduate Student Snan Müftü* Ph.D., Assocate Professor Northeastern Unversty, Department of Mechancal Engneerng, Boston, MA 0115 Effcency Consderatons for the Purely Tapered Interference
More informationRomanian Biotechnological Letters Vol. 22, No. 5, 2017
Romanan Botechnologcal Letters Vol. 22, No. 5, 2017 Copyrght 2017 Unversty of Bucharest Prnted n Romana. All rghts reserved ORIGINAL PAPER The effects of functonal addtves on qualty characterstcs of cooked
More informationFigure S1. 1g tumors (weeks) ikras. Lean Obese. Lean Obese 25 KPC
Fgure S 5 Tme to develop g tumors (weeks) 5 5 Tme to develop g tumors (weeks) 5 5 KRS KPC Fgure S. Effect of obesty on tumor ntaton. Tme to develop tumors of about g n KPC and KRS mce fed low or hgh-fat
More informationAn Introduction to Modern Measurement Theory
An Introducton to Modern Measurement Theory Ths tutoral was wrtten as an ntroducton to the bascs of tem response theory (IRT) modelng and ts applcatons to health outcomes measurement for the Natonal Cancer
More informationDiabetologia 9 Springcr-Verlag 1988
Dabetologa (1988) 31 : 435-442 Dabetologa 9 Sprngcr-Verlag 1988 Tme-dependent potentaton of nsuln release nduced by alpha-ketosocaproate and leucne n rats: possble nvolvement of phosphonostde hydrolyss
More informationKey words: carcass, fertility, genotype-by-environment, liver fluke, milk, reaction norm
Lttle genetc varablty n reslence among cattle exsts for a range of performance trats across herds n Ireland dfferng n Fascola hepatca prevalence 1 Alan J. Twomey, *, Davd A. Graham, Mchael L. Doherty,
More informationEncoding processes, in memory scanning tasks
vlemory & Cognton 1976,4 (5), 501 506 Encodng processes, n memory scannng tasks JEFFREY O. MILLER and ROBERT G. PACHELLA Unversty of Mchgan, Ann Arbor, Mchgan 48101, Three experments are presented that
More informationRECENT STUDIES in this department
Preventon of Coronary Atheroscleross by -Androgen Admnstraton n the Cholesterol-Fed Chck By JEREMAH STAMLER, M.D., RUTH PCK, M.D., AND LOUS X. KATZ, M.D. s are hghly effectve both prophylacteally and therapeutcally
More informationWillingness to Pay for Health Risk Reductions: Differences by Type of Illness
Wllngness to Pay for Health Rsk Reductons: Dfferences by Type of Illness Workng Paper: Prelmnary and Incomplete Trudy nn Cameron Department of Economcs Unversty of Oregon J.R. DeShazo UCL Lews Center for
More informationMetabolic control of mitochondrial properties by adenine nucleotide translocator determines palmitoyl-coa effects
Metabolc control of mtochondral propertes by adenne nucleotde translocator determnes palmtoyl-coa effects Implcatons for a mechansm lnkng obesty and type 2 dabetes Jolta Capate 1,5, Stephan J. L. Bakker
More informationNHS Outcomes Framework
NHS Outcomes Framework Doman 1 Preventng people from dyng prematurely Indcator Specfcatons Verson: 1.21 Date: May 2018 Author: Clncal Indcators Team NHS Outcomes Framework: Doman 1 Preventng people from
More informationSparse Representation of HCP Grayordinate Data Reveals. Novel Functional Architecture of Cerebral Cortex
1 Sparse Representaton of HCP Grayordnate Data Reveals Novel Functonal Archtecture of Cerebral Cortex X Jang 1, Xang L 1, Jngle Lv 2,1, Tuo Zhang 2,1, Shu Zhang 1, Le Guo 2, Tanmng Lu 1* 1 Cortcal Archtecture
More informationA MIXTURE OF EXPERTS FOR CATARACT DIAGNOSIS IN HOSPITAL SCREENING DATA
Journal of Theoretcal and Appled Informaton Technology 2005 ongong JATIT & LLS ISSN: 1992-8645 www.jatt.org E-ISSN: 1817-3195 A MIXTURE OF EXPERTS FOR CATARACT DIAGNOSIS IN HOSPITAL SCREENING DATA 1 SUNGMIN
More informationALMALAUREA WORKING PAPERS no. 9
Snce 1994 Inter-Unversty Consortum Connectng Unverstes, the Labour Market and Professonals AlmaLaurea Workng Papers ISSN 2239-9453 ALMALAUREA WORKING PAPERS no. 9 September 211 Propensty Score Methods
More informationEvaluation of the generalized gamma as a tool for treatment planning optimization
Internatonal Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology www.jcto.org Evaluaton of the generalzed gamma as a tool for treatment plannng optmzaton Emmanoul I Petrou 1,, Ganesh Narayanasamy 3, Eleftheros Lavdas
More informationExperimental Study of Dielectric Properties of Human Lung Tissue in Vitro
Journal of Medcal and Bologcal Engneerng, 34(6): 598-64 598 Expermental Study of Delectrc Propertes of Human Lung Tssue n Vtro Je-Ran Wang 1 Ben-Yuan Sun 1 Hua-Xang Wang 1,* Shan Pang 1 Xao Xu Qng Sun
More informationOptimal Planning of Charging Station for Phased Electric Vehicle *
Energy and Power Engneerng, 2013, 5, 1393-1397 do:10.4236/epe.2013.54b264 Publshed Onlne July 2013 (http://www.scrp.org/ournal/epe) Optmal Plannng of Chargng Staton for Phased Electrc Vehcle * Yang Gao,
More informationThis article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and
Ths artcle appeared n a journal publshed by Elsever. The attached copy s furnshed to the author for nternal non-commercal research and educaton use, ncludng for nstructon at the authors nsttuton and sharng
More informationUsing Past Queries for Resource Selection in Distributed Information Retrieval
Purdue Unversty Purdue e-pubs Department of Computer Scence Techncal Reports Department of Computer Scence 2011 Usng Past Queres for Resource Selecton n Dstrbuted Informaton Retreval Sulleyman Cetntas
More informationMeta-analysis of Prevalence of Clinical Mastitis in Crossbred Cows in India ( )
DOI: 10.5958/2277-940X.2016.00133.9 Journal of Anmal Research: v.6 n.6, p. 933-938. December 2016 Meta-analyss of Prevalence of Clncal Mastts n Crossbred Cos n Inda (1995-2014) Yogesh C. Bangar 1, Med
More informationSubstitution Effect of Sorghum Meal for Maize Meal in the Diet of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell, 1822) Juvenile
Research Journal o Fsheres and Hydrobology, 4(2): 41-45, 2009 2009, INSInet Publcaton Substtuton Eect o Sorghum Meal or Maze Meal n the Det o Catsh (Claras garepnus, Burchell, 1822) Juvenle Aderolu, Ademola
More information