Cancer genetics

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Cancer genetics"

Transcription

1 Cancer genetics General information about tumorogenesis. Cancer induced by viruses. The role of somatic mutations in cancer production. Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes (TSG). Hereditary cancer. 1 st period up to 1970 cancer was characterized as a complex of different diseases. In an unestablished way benign tumors may turn into malign tumors. 2 nd period there is a single cancer disease determined by changes in genetic apparatus. Under influence of carcinogens the cells start unlimited divisions, and, after a critic point, obtain the property to invade other tissues. Clonal evolution ofcancer starting from a modified cell: Cancer developing underinfluence ofmutagens Existence of inherited cancer (6% - AD) and family cancer (non-mendelian inheritance) High risk of cancer in (up to 5 times higher) in families where there are affected members Chromosomal errors associated with cancer (Ph chromosome) 3 rd period after 1980 identification of genes involved in production and development of some types of cancers 1

2 Factors involved in cancer production There are 3 types of mechanisms of carcinogenesis induced by: Viruses Mutations Inherited genes Steps in transition to tumor Immortalization out of control cell divisions. The cells have normal phenotype and properties. Such cellaggregations may cause benign tumors; Transformation changes in structure, function and fate of cells. The cells become independent of growth factors, and change the shape into spherical; Metastasis formation the cells obtain the property to move through tissues and to produce colonies in new places. These colonies are called metastasis and they produce malign tumors or cancer. Characteristic of cancer genes There are 291 cancer genes, which represent more than 1% of human genome 70% of cancer genes contain somatic mutations, 20% - germinal mutations, 10% - both The most frequent mutations are translocations, which produce chimeric genes Most of genes were described for leukemia, lymphoma and sarcoma, in spite these cancers represent just 10%. The most affected domains in proteins: protein-kinase Interaction with DNA Control of transcription Cancer genes Oncogenes Initially were detected in viruses that cause transformation of target cells (viral oncogenes are named v-onc). Homologous cellular genes are called protooncogenes. Their mutation or abnormal activation lead to tomorogenesis (cellular oncogenesare named c-onc). 2

3 Oncogenes Protooncogenes encode for: Main components of intracellular signaling, Growth factors, Growth factors receptors, Transcription factors, Regulatory cytoplasmatic proteins. Oncogenes Growth Factors or Receptors for Growth Factors PDGF Platelet Derived Growth Factor (brain and breast cancer) erb-b, erb-b2, RET receptor for epidermal growth factor (brain, thyroid, salivary, and breast cancer) Cytoplasmic Relays in Stimulatory Signalling Pathways Ki-ras, N-ras activated by active growth factor receptor proteins (lung, ovarian, colon and pancreatic cancer, leukemias) c-src is a protein kinase that becomes overactive in phosphorylation of target proteins Transcription Factors that Activate Growth Promoting Genes c-myc activates transcription of growth stimulation genes (leukemia, brest, stomach, and lung cancer) N-myc (nerve and brain cancer) c-jun and c-fos function as transcription factors Other types of molecules Bcl-2 normal protein blocks cell suicide (lymphoma) Bcl-1 encodes for cyclin D1, stimulatory protein of the cell cycle (breast, neck, head cancers) MDM2 encodes for antagonist of p53 (sarcomas) Tumor Suppressor Genes (GST) Normally, these genes assure control of cell cycle. There are about 10 GST (p53, RB1). The final products of these genes stop cell division and assure cell differentiation and specialization. Deletion or inactivation of these genes lead to tumorogenesis. TSGs Cytoplasmic Proteins APC (colon and stomach cancers) DPC4 encodes relay molecule in cell division inhibitory pathway (pancreatic cancer) NF-1 encodes protein that inhibits a stimulatory (Ras) protein (brain, nerve, and leukemia), NF-2 (brain and nerve cancers) Nuclear Proteins MTS1 encodes for p16 protein, brake on cell cycle clock (many cancers) RB encodes prb protein, master brake on cell cycle (retinoblastoma, bone, bladder, lung, and breast cancer) p53 encodes p53 protein, halts cell cycle in G1 and induces cell suicide (many cancers) p16 inhibits cyclin D-dependent kinase activity WT1 (Wilms tumor of the kidney) BRCA1 functions in repair of damage to DNA (breast and ovarian cancers) BRCA2 functions in repair of damage to DNA (breast cancer) Location not clear VHL (kidney cancer) z Animatie 3

4 Mutations associated with cancer The role of translocations in human cancers Somatic Generative Both Translocations Non-translocations Both Types of mutations in human cancers Association of mutations and type of cancer Germinal Somatic Germinal Somatic Dominant Recessive Numerous Leukaemia Epithelial Mesenchymal Other 4

5 Familial Familial Dominant APC MMR POLD LKB1 Colorectal cancer High penetrance Recessive MYH Other Low penetrance APC TGF BLM Sporadic Genes involved in colon cancer Genetic factors Environment factors Mutations resulted from mismatch DNA repair in Lynch syndrome Translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11) Philadelphia chromosome 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% MSH2 MLH1 MSH6 Nonsens Frame-shift Missens ins/del Other 5

6 Virus transformation DNA viruses contain genes able to inhibit TSG Retriviruses contain oncogenes After infection permissive cells are destroyed After infection non-permissive cells integrate virus in their genome Only a part of transformed cells are turned into tumoral Most of cells infected with retrovirus are turned into tumoral After integration the virus may inhibit a suppressor gene through: Promoter inactivation Polypeptide inactivation Viral promoter may activate a silent gene After integration will result a hybrid carcinogenic polypeptide Indications for genetic counseling People with 1 or more of the following may be candidates for genetic counseling: Diagnosed with cancer at an atypically young age. Have a rare cancer, e.g., childhood adrenocortical carcinoma. Have an unusual presentation, e.g., right-sided colon cancer. Have multiple primary cancers. Have cancers associated with birth defects. Have, in some cases, extreme cancer anxiety, even in the absence of risk. Family anamnesis Clustering of the same type of cancer in close relatives. Unusually early age of cancer onset. Two or more primary cancers in a single relative. Evidence of autosomal-dominant inheritance. Bilaterality in paired organs. Patterns of cancer in the family that are associated with a known cancer syndrome. 6

7 Familial anamnesis if there are affected members Type of each primary cancer. Age of diagnosis for each primary cancer. Where the relative was diagnosed and/or treated. If the individual is still living, current age; if deceased, age at death and cause of death. Carcinogenic exposures (e.g., tobacco use, radiation exposure). Other significant health problems. Familial anamnesis if there are no affected members Current age or age at death. If deceased, cause of death. Any surgeries that reduce the risk for cancer. Whether routinely screened for cancer. Any nonmalignant features of the syndrome in question. Carcinogenic exposures. Other significant health problems. 7

Cancer Genetics. What is Cancer? Cancer Classification. Medical Genetics. Uncontrolled growth of cells. Not all tumors are cancerous

Cancer Genetics. What is Cancer? Cancer Classification. Medical Genetics. Uncontrolled growth of cells. Not all tumors are cancerous Session8 Medical Genetics Cancer Genetics J avad Jamshidi F a s a U n i v e r s i t y o f M e d i c a l S c i e n c e s, N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 7 What is Cancer? Uncontrolled growth of cells Not all tumors

More information

oncogenes-and- tumour-suppressor-genes)

oncogenes-and- tumour-suppressor-genes) Special topics in tumor biochemistry oncogenes-and- tumour-suppressor-genes) Speaker: Prof. Jiunn-Jye Chuu E-Mail: jjchuu@mail.stust.edu.tw Genetic Basis of Cancer Cancer-causing mutations Disease of aging

More information

Section D: The Molecular Biology of Cancer

Section D: The Molecular Biology of Cancer CHAPTER 19 THE ORGANIZATION AND CONTROL OF EUKARYOTIC GENOMES Section D: The Molecular Biology of Cancer 1. Cancer results from genetic changes that affect the cell cycle 2. Oncogene proteins and faulty

More information

Early Embryonic Development

Early Embryonic Development Early Embryonic Development Maternal effect gene products set the stage by controlling the expression of the first embryonic genes. 1. Transcription factors 2. Receptors 3. Regulatory proteins Maternal

More information

CANCER. Inherited Cancer Syndromes. Affects 25% of US population. Kills 19% of US population (2nd largest killer after heart disease)

CANCER. Inherited Cancer Syndromes. Affects 25% of US population. Kills 19% of US population (2nd largest killer after heart disease) CANCER Affects 25% of US population Kills 19% of US population (2nd largest killer after heart disease) NOT one disease but 200-300 different defects Etiologic Factors In Cancer: Relative contributions

More information

Deregulation of signal transduction and cell cycle in Cancer

Deregulation of signal transduction and cell cycle in Cancer Deregulation of signal transduction and cell cycle in Cancer Tuangporn Suthiphongchai, Ph.D. Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science, Mahidol University Email: tuangporn.sut@mahidol.ac.th Room Pr324

More information

Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressors MCB 5068 November 12, 2013 Jason Weber

Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressors MCB 5068 November 12, 2013 Jason Weber Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressors MCB 5068 November 12, 2013 Jason Weber jweber@dom.wustl.edu Oncogenes & Cancer DNA Tumor Viruses Simian Virus 40 p300 prb p53 Large T Antigen Human Adenovirus p300 E1A

More information

number Done by Corrected by Doctor Maha Shomaf

number Done by Corrected by Doctor Maha Shomaf number 19 Done by Waseem Abo-Obeida Corrected by Abdullah Zreiqat Doctor Maha Shomaf Carcinogenesis: the molecular basis of cancer. Non-lethal genetic damage lies at the heart of carcinogenesis and leads

More information

Cancer. The fundamental defect is. unregulated cell division. Properties of Cancerous Cells. Causes of Cancer. Altered growth and proliferation

Cancer. The fundamental defect is. unregulated cell division. Properties of Cancerous Cells. Causes of Cancer. Altered growth and proliferation Cancer The fundamental defect is unregulated cell division. Properties of Cancerous Cells Altered growth and proliferation Loss of growth factor dependence Loss of contact inhibition Immortalization Alterated

More information

Introduction to Cancer Biology

Introduction to Cancer Biology Introduction to Cancer Biology Robin Hesketh Multiple choice questions (choose the one correct answer from the five choices) Which ONE of the following is a tumour suppressor? a. AKT b. APC c. BCL2 d.

More information

Multistep nature of cancer development. Cancer genes

Multistep nature of cancer development. Cancer genes Multistep nature of cancer development Phenotypic progression loss of control over cell growth/death (neoplasm) invasiveness (carcinoma) distal spread (metastatic tumor) Genetic progression multiple genetic

More information

Cancer. The fundamental defect is. unregulated cell division. Properties of Cancerous Cells. Causes of Cancer. Altered growth and proliferation

Cancer. The fundamental defect is. unregulated cell division. Properties of Cancerous Cells. Causes of Cancer. Altered growth and proliferation Cancer The fundamental defect is unregulated cell division. Properties of Cancerous Cells Altered growth and proliferation Loss of growth factor dependence Loss of contact inhibition Immortalization Alterated

More information

Cancer Cells. It would take another 20 years and a revolution in the techniques of biological research to answer these questions.

Cancer Cells. It would take another 20 years and a revolution in the techniques of biological research to answer these questions. Cancer Cells Cancer, then, is a disease in which a single normal body cell undergoes a genetic transformation into a cancer cell. This cell and its descendants, proliferating across many years, produce

More information

Information for You and Your Family

Information for You and Your Family Information for You and Your Family What is Prevention? Cancer prevention is action taken to lower the chance of getting cancer. In 2017, more than 1.6 million people will be diagnosed with cancer in the

More information

Mohammed El-Khateeb. Tumor Genetics. MGL-12 May 13 th Chapter 22 slide 1 台大農藝系遺傳學

Mohammed El-Khateeb. Tumor Genetics. MGL-12 May 13 th Chapter 22 slide 1 台大農藝系遺傳學 Mohammed El-Khateeb Tumor Genetics MGL-12 May 13 th 2014 台大農藝系遺傳學 601 20000 Chapter 22 slide 1 Cancer Genetics Types of Genetic Alterations in Cancer Evidence that Mutations Cause Cancer Multistage Model

More information

Section D. Genes whose Mutation can lead to Initiation

Section D. Genes whose Mutation can lead to Initiation This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License. Your use of this material constitutes acceptance of that license and the conditions of use of materials on this

More information

Genetics and Cancer Ch 20

Genetics and Cancer Ch 20 Genetics and Cancer Ch 20 Cancer is genetic Hereditary cancers Predisposition genes Ex. some forms of colon cancer Sporadic cancers ~90% of cancers Descendants of cancerous cells all cancerous (clonal)

More information

Karyotype analysis reveals transloction of chromosome 22 to 9 in CML chronic myelogenous leukemia has fusion protein Bcr-Abl

Karyotype analysis reveals transloction of chromosome 22 to 9 in CML chronic myelogenous leukemia has fusion protein Bcr-Abl Chapt. 18 Cancer Molecular Biology of Cancer Student Learning Outcomes: Describe cancer diseases in which cells no longer respond Describe how cancers come from genomic mutations (inherited or somatic)

More information

HST.161 Molecular Biology and Genetics in Modern Medicine Fall 2007

HST.161 Molecular Biology and Genetics in Modern Medicine Fall 2007 MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu HST.161 Molecular Biology and Genetics in Modern Medicine Fall 2007 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.

More information

Introduction. Cancer Biology. Tumor-suppressor genes. Proto-oncogenes. DNA stability genes. Mechanisms of carcinogenesis.

Introduction. Cancer Biology. Tumor-suppressor genes. Proto-oncogenes. DNA stability genes. Mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Cancer Biology Chapter 18 Eric J. Hall., Amato Giaccia, Radiobiology for the Radiologist Introduction Tissue homeostasis depends on the regulated cell division and self-elimination (programmed cell death)

More information

CELL CYCLE REGULATION AND CANCER. Cellular Reproduction II

CELL CYCLE REGULATION AND CANCER. Cellular Reproduction II CELL CYCLE REGULATION AND CANCER Cellular Reproduction II THE CELL CYCLE Interphase G1- gap phase 1- cell grows and develops S- DNA synthesis phase- cell replicates each chromosome G2- gap phase 2- cell

More information

Molecular Cell Biology. Prof. D. Karunagaran. Department of Biotechnology. Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Molecular Cell Biology. Prof. D. Karunagaran. Department of Biotechnology. Indian Institute of Technology Madras Molecular Cell Biology Prof. D. Karunagaran Department of Biotechnology Indian Institute of Technology Madras Module 9 Molecular Basis of Cancer, Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes Lecture 2 Genes Associated

More information

1. Basic principles 2. 6 hallmark features 3. Abnormal cell proliferation: mechanisms 4. Carcinogens: examples. Major Principles:

1. Basic principles 2. 6 hallmark features 3. Abnormal cell proliferation: mechanisms 4. Carcinogens: examples. Major Principles: Carcinogenesis 1. Basic principles 2. 6 hallmark features 3. Abnormal cell proliferation: mechanisms 4. Carcinogens: examples Carcinogenesis Major Principles: 1. Nonlethal genetic damage is central to

More information

VIII Curso Internacional del PIRRECV. Some molecular mechanisms of cancer

VIII Curso Internacional del PIRRECV. Some molecular mechanisms of cancer VIII Curso Internacional del PIRRECV Some molecular mechanisms of cancer Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Centro FONDAP Estudios Moleculares de la Celula (CEMC), ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad

More information

Lecture 8 Neoplasia II. Dr. Nabila Hamdi MD, PhD

Lecture 8 Neoplasia II. Dr. Nabila Hamdi MD, PhD Lecture 8 Neoplasia II Dr. Nabila Hamdi MD, PhD ILOs Understand the definition of neoplasia. List the classification of neoplasia. Describe the general characters of benign tumors. Understand the nomenclature

More information

MOLECULAR BASIS OF ONCOGENESIS

MOLECULAR BASIS OF ONCOGENESIS MOLECULAR BASIS OF ONCOGENESIS MUDr. Jiří Vachtenheim, CSc. 1 Cell processes which result also in cell cycle effects. Differentiation. Differentiated cells are usually in the G0 phase of the cell cycle.

More information

Disorders of Cell Growth & Neoplasia. Lecture 4 Molecular basis of cancer

Disorders of Cell Growth & Neoplasia. Lecture 4 Molecular basis of cancer General Pathology VPM 152 Disorders of Cell Growth & Neoplasia Lecture 4 Molecular basis of cancer Enrique Aburto Apr 2010 Skin tumor in a 10-year-old Rottweiler. Considering the external appearance and

More information

Molecular biology :- Cancer genetics lecture 11

Molecular biology :- Cancer genetics lecture 11 Molecular biology :- Cancer genetics lecture 11 -We have talked about 2 group of genes that is involved in cellular transformation : proto-oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes, and it isn t enough to

More information

Determination Differentiation. determinated precursor specialized cell

Determination Differentiation. determinated precursor specialized cell Biology of Cancer -Developmental Biology: Determination and Differentiation -Cell Cycle Regulation -Tumor genes: Proto-Oncogenes, Tumor supressor genes -Tumor-Progression -Example for Tumor-Progression:

More information

Cancer and Gene Alterations - 1

Cancer and Gene Alterations - 1 Cancer and Gene Alterations - 1 Cancer and Gene Alteration As we know, cancer is a disease of unregulated cell growth. Although we looked at some of the features of cancer when we discussed mitosis checkpoints,

More information

Cancer. Questions about cancer. What is cancer? What causes unregulated cell growth? What regulates cell growth? What causes DNA damage?

Cancer. Questions about cancer. What is cancer? What causes unregulated cell growth? What regulates cell growth? What causes DNA damage? Questions about cancer What is cancer? Cancer Gil McVean, Department of Statistics, Oxford What causes unregulated cell growth? What regulates cell growth? What causes DNA damage? What are the steps in

More information

Tumor suppressor genes D R. S H O S S E I N I - A S L

Tumor suppressor genes D R. S H O S S E I N I - A S L Tumor suppressor genes 1 D R. S H O S S E I N I - A S L What is a Tumor Suppressor Gene? 2 A tumor suppressor gene is a type of cancer gene that is created by loss-of function mutations. In contrast to

More information

A class of genes that normally suppress cell proliferation. p53 and Rb..ect. suppressor gene products can release cells. hyperproliferation.

A class of genes that normally suppress cell proliferation. p53 and Rb..ect. suppressor gene products can release cells. hyperproliferation. Tumor Suppressor Genes A class of genes that normally suppress cell proliferation. p53 and Rb..ect Mutations that inactivate the tumor suppressor gene products can release cells from growth suppression

More information

AllinaHealthSystems 1

AllinaHealthSystems 1 Overview Biology and Introduction to the Genetics of Cancer Denise Jones, MS, CGC Certified Genetic Counselor Virginia Piper Cancer Service Line I. Our understanding of cancer the historical perspective

More information

TUMOR M ARKERS MARKERS

TUMOR M ARKERS MARKERS TUMOR MARKERS M.Shekarabi IUMS Definition Many cancers are associated with the abnormal production of some molecules l which h can be measured in plasma. These molecules are known as tumor markers. A good

More information

What All of Us Should Know About Cancer and Genetics

What All of Us Should Know About Cancer and Genetics What All of Us Should Know About Cancer and Genetics Beth A. Pletcher, MD, FAAP, FACMG Associate Professor of Pediatrics UMDNJ- New Jersey Medical School Disclosures I have no relevant financial relationships

More information

11/29/2017. Genetics and Cancer ERICA L SILVER, MS, LCGC GENETIC COUNSELOR. Genetics 101. Transcription vs Translation

11/29/2017. Genetics and Cancer ERICA L SILVER, MS, LCGC GENETIC COUNSELOR. Genetics 101. Transcription vs Translation Genetics and Cancer ERICA L SILVER, MS, LCGC GENETIC COUNSELOR Genetics 101 Transcription vs Translation 1 Carcinogenesis and Genetics Normal cell First mutation First mutation Second mutation Second mutation

More information

What causes cancer? Physical factors (radiation, ionization) Chemical factors (carcinogens) Biological factors (virus, bacteria, parasite)

What causes cancer? Physical factors (radiation, ionization) Chemical factors (carcinogens) Biological factors (virus, bacteria, parasite) Oncogenes What causes cancer? Chemical factors (carcinogens) Physical factors (radiation, ionization) Biological factors (virus, bacteria, parasite) DNA Mutation or damage Oncogenes Tumor suppressor genes

More information

Mohammed El-Khateeb. Tumor Genetics. MGL-12 July 21 st 2013 台大農藝系遺傳學 Chapter 22 slide 1

Mohammed El-Khateeb. Tumor Genetics. MGL-12 July 21 st 2013 台大農藝系遺傳學 Chapter 22 slide 1 Mohammed El-Khateeb Tumor Genetics MGL-12 July 21 st 2013 台大農藝系遺傳學 601 20000 Chapter 22 slide 1 Cellular Basis of Cancer Cancer is a collection of diseases characterized by abnormal and uncontrolled growth

More information

Biochemistry of Carcinogenesis. Lecture # 35 Alexander N. Koval

Biochemistry of Carcinogenesis. Lecture # 35 Alexander N. Koval Biochemistry of Carcinogenesis Lecture # 35 Alexander N. Koval What is Cancer? The term "cancer" refers to a group of diseases in which cells grow and spread unrestrained throughout the body. It is difficult

More information

CELL BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH CANCER.

CELL BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH CANCER. !! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: OVERVIEW OF CANCER Cancer is a disease which is primarily caused from misregulated cell division, which form There are two types of tumors - Benign tumors remain confined

More information

CELL CYCLE MOLECULAR BASIS OF ONCOGENESIS

CELL CYCLE MOLECULAR BASIS OF ONCOGENESIS CELL CYCLE MOLECULAR BASIS OF ONCOGENESIS Summary of the regulation of cyclin/cdk complexes during celll cycle Cell cycle phase Cyclin-cdk complex inhibitor activation Substrate(s) G1 Cyclin D/cdk 4,6

More information

Carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis. 1. Basic principles 2. 6 hallmark features 3. Abnormal cell proliferation: mechanisms 4. Carcinogens: examples

Carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis. 1. Basic principles 2. 6 hallmark features 3. Abnormal cell proliferation: mechanisms 4. Carcinogens: examples Carcinogenesis 1. Basic principles 2. 6 hallmark features 3. Abnormal cell proliferation: mechanisms 4. Carcinogens: examples Major Principles (cont d) 4. Principle targets of genetic damage: 4 classes

More information

Neoplasia 18 lecture 6. Dr Heyam Awad MD, FRCPath

Neoplasia 18 lecture 6. Dr Heyam Awad MD, FRCPath Neoplasia 18 lecture 6 Dr Heyam Awad MD, FRCPath ILOS 1. understand the role of TGF beta, contact inhibition and APC in tumorigenesis. 2. implement the above knowledge in understanding histopathology reports.

More information

Oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes

Oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes Cancer mutations disrupt cellular homeostasis Oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes Oncogenes: Gain of function mutations Proto-oncogene Tumour suppressor genes: loss of function mutations Normal cell

More information

Test Bank for Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease 9th Edition by Kumar

Test Bank for Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease 9th Edition by Kumar Link full download:https://getbooksolutions.com/download/test-bank-for-robbinsand-cotran-pathologic-basis-of-disease-9th-edition-by-kumar Test Bank for Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease 9th

More information

TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENES. Molecular Oncology Michael Lea

TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENES. Molecular Oncology Michael Lea TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENES Molecular Oncology 2011 Michael Lea TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENES - Lecture Outline 1. Summary of tumor suppressor genes 2. P53 3. Rb 4. BRCA1 and 2 5. APC and DCC 6. PTEN and PPA2 7. LKB1

More information

Chapt 15: Molecular Genetics of Cell Cycle and Cancer

Chapt 15: Molecular Genetics of Cell Cycle and Cancer Chapt 15: Molecular Genetics of Cell Cycle and Cancer Student Learning Outcomes: Describe the cell cycle: steps taken by a cell to duplicate itself = cell division; Interphase (G1, S and G2), Mitosis.

More information

Test Bank for Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease 9th Edition by Kumar

Test Bank for Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease 9th Edition by Kumar Link full download: http://testbankair.com/download/test-bank-for-robbins-cotran-pathologic-basis-of-disease-9th-edition-bykumar-abbas-and-aster Test Bank for Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease

More information

GYNplus. genetic testing for hereditary ovarian and/or uterine cancer

GYNplus. genetic testing for hereditary ovarian and/or uterine cancer GYNplus genetic testing for hereditary ovarian and/or uterine cancer What Are the Causes of Hereditary Ovarian and Uterine Cancer? uterine cancer ovarian cancer sporadic 70-80% hereditary 5% Lynch syndrome

More information

Chapter 12. Regulation of Cell Division. AP Biology

Chapter 12. Regulation of Cell Division. AP Biology Chapter 12. Regulation of Cell Division Coordination of cell division! Multicellular organism " need to coordinate across different parts of organism! timing of cell division! rates of cell division "

More information

Development of Carcinoma Pathways

Development of Carcinoma Pathways The Construction of Genetic Pathway to Colorectal Cancer Moriah Wright, MD Clinical Fellow in Colorectal Surgery Creighton University School of Medicine Management of Colon and Diseases February 23, 2019

More information

Cancer statistics (US)

Cancer statistics (US) Disclosure I have no financial relationships to disclose Biology and Introduction to the Genetics of Cancer Vickie Matthias Hagen, MS, CGC Certified Genetic Counselor Virginia Piper Cancer Service Line

More information

Prof. R. V. Skibbens

Prof. R. V. Skibbens Prof. R. V. Skibbens December 2, 2011 BIOS 10: BioScience in the 21 st Century Cell Cycle, Cell Division and Cancer (Part 2) Directionality The Cell Cycle clock goes in only one direction S-phase cells

More information

Prof. R. V. Skibbens. Cell Cycle, Cell Division and Cancer (Part 2)

Prof. R. V. Skibbens. Cell Cycle, Cell Division and Cancer (Part 2) Prof. R. V. Skibbens November 22, 2010 BIOS 10: BioScience in the 21 st Century Cell Cycle, Cell Division and Cancer (Part 2) Directionality - clocks go in only one direction G1 doesn t have replication-inducing

More information

Lecture 1: Carcinogenesis

Lecture 1: Carcinogenesis Lecture 1: Carcinogenesis Anti-cancer (oncology agents): These are perhaps the most dangerous of drugs, other than the narcotic analgesics. This is due to their toxicities. Killing or inhibiting cancer

More information

Regulation of Cell Division. AP Biology

Regulation of Cell Division. AP Biology Regulation of Cell Division 2006-2007 Coordination of cell division A multicellular organism needs to coordinate cell division across different tissues & organs critical for normal growth, development

More information

Chapter 18- Oncogenes, tumor suppressors & Cancer

Chapter 18- Oncogenes, tumor suppressors & Cancer Chapter 18- Oncogenes, tumor suppressors & Cancer - Previously we have talked about cancer which is an uncontrolled cell proliferation and we have discussed about the definition of benign, malignant, metastasis

More information

GYNplus: A Genetic Test for Hereditary Ovarian and/or Uterine Cancer

GYNplus: A Genetic Test for Hereditary Ovarian and/or Uterine Cancer GYNplus: A Genetic Test for Hereditary Ovarian and/or Uterine Cancer Causes of Hereditary Ovarian and Uterine Cancer uterine cancer ovarian cancer Sporadic 75-90% Sporadic 70-80% Hereditary, 5% Lynch syndrome

More information

Regulation of Cell Division (Ch. 12)

Regulation of Cell Division (Ch. 12) Regulation of Cell Division (Ch. 12) Coordination of cell division A multicellular organism needs to coordinate cell division across different tissues & organs critical for normal growth, development &

More information

American Society of Cytopathology Core Curriculum in Molecular Biology

American Society of Cytopathology Core Curriculum in Molecular Biology American Society of Cytopathology Core Curriculum in Molecular Biology American Society of Cytopathology Core Curriculum in Molecular Biology Chapter 1 Molecular Basis of Cancer Molecular Oncology Keisha

More information

Activation of cellular proto-oncogenes to oncogenes. How was active Ras identified?

Activation of cellular proto-oncogenes to oncogenes. How was active Ras identified? Dominant Acting Oncogenes Eugene E. Marcantonio, M.D. Ph.D. Oncogenes are altered forms of normal cellular genes called proto-oncogenes that are involved in pathways regulating cell growth, differentiation,

More information

Regulation of Cell Division

Regulation of Cell Division Regulation of Cell Division Two HeLa cancer cells are just completing cytokinesis. Explain how the cell division of cancer cells like these is misregulated. Identify genetic and other changes that might

More information

Chapter 9. Cells Grow and Reproduce

Chapter 9. Cells Grow and Reproduce Chapter 9 Cells Grow and Reproduce DNA Replication DNA polymerase Addition of a nucleotide to the 3 end of a growing strand Use dntps as substrate Release of pyrophosphate Initiation of Replication Replication

More information

Cell Cycle and Cancer

Cell Cycle and Cancer 142 8. Cell Cycle and Cancer NOTES CELL CYCLE G 0 state o Resting cells may re-enter the cell cycle Nondividing cells (skeletal and cardiac muscle, neurons) o Have left the cell cycle and cannot undergo

More information

- A cancer is an uncontrolled, independent proliferation of robust, healthy cells.

- A cancer is an uncontrolled, independent proliferation of robust, healthy cells. 1 Cancer A. What is it? - A cancer is an uncontrolled, independent proliferation of robust, healthy cells. * In some the rate is fast; in others, slow; but in all cancers the cells never stop dividing.

More information

General Pathology VPM 152. Disorders of Cell Growth & Neoplasia. Lecture 4 Molecular basis of cancer

General Pathology VPM 152. Disorders of Cell Growth & Neoplasia. Lecture 4 Molecular basis of cancer General Pathology VPM 152 Disorders of Cell Growth & Neoplasia Lecture 4 Molecular basis of cancer Enrique Aburto http://people.upei.ca/eaburto Winter 2015 Molecular Basis of Cancer Fundamental principles

More information

Introduction to Genetics

Introduction to Genetics Introduction to Genetics Table of contents Chromosome DNA Protein synthesis Mutation Genetic disorder Relationship between genes and cancer Genetic testing Technical concern 2 All living organisms consist

More information

RAS Genes. The ras superfamily of genes encodes small GTP binding proteins that are responsible for the regulation of many cellular processes.

RAS Genes. The ras superfamily of genes encodes small GTP binding proteins that are responsible for the regulation of many cellular processes. ۱ RAS Genes The ras superfamily of genes encodes small GTP binding proteins that are responsible for the regulation of many cellular processes. Oncogenic ras genes in human cells include H ras, N ras,

More information

Grassroots Academy New Delhi NET JRF TEST 10.

Grassroots Academy New Delhi NET JRF TEST 10. Grassroots Academy New Delhi NET JRF TEST 10 www.grassrootsacademy.in TEST-10 Cancer: Genetic rearrangements in progenitor cells, oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, Cancer and the cell cycle, virus-induced

More information

7.012 Problem Set 6 Solutions

7.012 Problem Set 6 Solutions Name Section 7.012 Problem Set 6 Solutions Question 1 The viral family Orthomyxoviridae contains the influenza A, B and C viruses. These viruses have a (-)ss RNA genome surrounded by a capsid composed

More information

Cancer. Death Rates for the Main Causes of Death in the U.S. Leading Sites of New Cases & Deaths (2015 estimates in the U.S.)

Cancer. Death Rates for the Main Causes of Death in the U.S. Leading Sites of New Cases & Deaths (2015 estimates in the U.S.) 11/25/17 Learning Goals for This Lecture Cancer - To recognize that cancer largely is a preventable disease. - To recognize that cancer is a disease of our own genes. Weimin Zhong, Ph.D. weimin.zhong@yale.edu

More information

Apoptosis Oncogenes. Srbová Martina

Apoptosis Oncogenes. Srbová Martina Apoptosis Oncogenes Srbová Martina Cell Cycle Control point Cyclin B Cdk1 Cyclin D Cdk4 Cdk6 Cyclin A Cdk2 Cyclin E Cdk2 Cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) have to bind a cyclin to become active Regulation

More information

Chapter 4 Cellular Oncogenes ~ 4.6 -

Chapter 4 Cellular Oncogenes ~ 4.6 - Chapter 4 Cellular Oncogenes - 4.2 ~ 4.6 - Many retroviruses carrying oncogenes have been found in chickens and mice However, attempts undertaken during the 1970s to isolate viruses from most types of

More information

Computational Systems Biology: Biology X

Computational Systems Biology: Biology X Bud Mishra Room 1002, 715 Broadway, Courant Institute, NYU, New York, USA L#4:(October-0-4-2010) Cancer and Signals 1 2 1 2 Evidence in Favor Somatic mutations, Aneuploidy, Copy-number changes and LOH

More information

Regarding techniques of proteomics, there is:

Regarding techniques of proteomics, there is: Molecular الحلقة biology 14 واألخيرة To put you back in the context; the discussion was about Trancriptomics (the study of transcription). The following topic will be PROTEOMICS, which is the study of

More information

Oncogenes and Tumor. supressors

Oncogenes and Tumor. supressors Oncogenes and Tumor supressors From history to therapeutics Serge ROCHE Neoplastic transformation TUMOR SURESSOR ONCOGENE ONCOGENES History 1911 1960 1980 2001 Transforming retrovirus RSV v-src is an oncogene

More information

Lecture 1: Carcinogenesis

Lecture 1: Carcinogenesis Lecture 1: Carcinogenesis Anti-cancer (oncology agents): These are perhaps the most dangerous of drugs, other than the narcotic analgesics. This is due to their toxicities. Killing or inhibiting cancer

More information

Institute of Radiation Biology. Oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes DoReMi Course 2014

Institute of Radiation Biology. Oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes DoReMi Course 2014 Institute of Radiation Biology Oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes DoReMi Course 2014 Hippocrates: Cause is systemic excess of black humor. Paracelsus challenges the humor theory. Suggests external

More information

Familial and Hereditary Colon Cancer

Familial and Hereditary Colon Cancer Familial and Hereditary Colon Cancer Aasma Shaukat, MD, MPH, FACG, FASGE, FACP GI Section Chief, Minneapolis VAMC Associate Professor, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of

More information

Colon Cancer and Hereditary Cancer Syndromes

Colon Cancer and Hereditary Cancer Syndromes Colon Cancer and Hereditary Cancer Syndromes Gisela Keller Institute of Pathology Technische Universität München gisela.keller@lrz.tum.de Colon Cancer and Hereditary Cancer Syndromes epidemiology models

More information

Present State of Gene Diagnosis and Future Prospects

Present State of Gene Diagnosis and Future Prospects Clinical Medicine: Cancer Present State of Gene Diagnosis and Future Prospects JMAJ 45(3): 118 124, 2002 Eiichi TAHARA Chairman, Hiroshima Cancer Seminar Foundation Abstract: The entire base sequence of

More information

Cancer and Oncogenes Bioscience in the 21 st Century. Linda Lowe-Krentz October 11, 2013

Cancer and Oncogenes Bioscience in the 21 st Century. Linda Lowe-Krentz October 11, 2013 Cancer and Oncogenes Bioscience in the 21 st Century Linda Lowe-Krentz October 11, 2013 Just a Few Numbers Becoming Cancer Genetic Defects Drugs Our friends and family 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40

More information

Chapter 20 Lecture Outline

Chapter 20 Lecture Outline Chapter 20 Lecture Outline See separate PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables preinserted into PowerPoint without notes. Copyright 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction

More information

Cancer Genomics 101. BCCCP 2015 Annual Meeting

Cancer Genomics 101. BCCCP 2015 Annual Meeting Cancer Genomics 101 BCCCP 2015 Annual Meeting Objectives Identify red flags in a person s personal and family medical history that indicate a potential inherited susceptibility to cancer Develop a systematic

More information

ONCOGENES. Michael Lea

ONCOGENES. Michael Lea ONCOGENES 2011 Michael Lea ONCOGENES - Lecture Outline I. Introduction 2. Identification of oncogenic genes in retroviruses 3. Homologous sequences in transformed and untransformed cells 4. Methods of

More information

Ch 7 Mutation. A heritable change in DNA Random Source of genetic variation in a species may be advantageous, deleterious, neutral

Ch 7 Mutation. A heritable change in DNA Random Source of genetic variation in a species may be advantageous, deleterious, neutral Ch 7 Mutation A heritable change in DNA Random Source of genetic variation in a species may be advantageous, deleterious, neutral Mutation (+ sexual reproduction) + natural selection = evolution Types

More information

Risk of Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Hereditary Syndromes in GI Cancer GENETIC MALPRACTICE

Risk of Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Hereditary Syndromes in GI Cancer GENETIC MALPRACTICE Identifying the Patient at Risk for an Inherited Syndrome Sapna Syngal, MD, MPH, FACG Director, Gastroenterology Director, Familial GI Program Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women s Cancer Center Associate Professor

More information

Name Section Problem Set 6

Name Section Problem Set 6 Name Section 7.012 Problem Set 6 Question 1 The viral family Orthomyxoviridae contains the influenza A, B and C viruses. These viruses have a (-)ss RNA genome surrounded by a capsid composed of lipids

More information

Cell cycle, signaling to cell cycle, and molecular basis of oncogenesis

Cell cycle, signaling to cell cycle, and molecular basis of oncogenesis Cell cycle, signaling to cell cycle, and molecular basis of oncogenesis MUDr. Jiří Vachtenheim, CSc. CELL CYCLE - SUMMARY Basic terminology: Cyclins conserved proteins with homologous regions; their cellular

More information

LESSON 3.2 WORKBOOK. How do normal cells become cancer cells? Workbook Lesson 3.2

LESSON 3.2 WORKBOOK. How do normal cells become cancer cells? Workbook Lesson 3.2 For a complete list of defined terms, see the Glossary. Transformation the process by which a cell acquires characteristics of a tumor cell. LESSON 3.2 WORKBOOK How do normal cells become cancer cells?

More information

Agro/Ansc/Bio/Gene/Hort 305 Fall, 2017 MEDICAL GENETICS AND CANCER Chpt 24, Genetics by Brooker (lecture outline) #17

Agro/Ansc/Bio/Gene/Hort 305 Fall, 2017 MEDICAL GENETICS AND CANCER Chpt 24, Genetics by Brooker (lecture outline) #17 Agro/Ansc/Bio/Gene/Hort 305 Fall, 2017 MEDICAL GENETICS AND CANCER Chpt 24, Genetics by Brooker (lecture outline) #17 INTRODUCTION - Our genes underlie every aspect of human health, both in function and

More information

Control of Cell Cycle. Unit 2 Part f III

Control of Cell Cycle. Unit 2 Part f III Control of Cell Cycle Unit 2 Part f III How often do cells divide and why? The timing and rate of cell division in different parts of the plant or animals are crucial to normal growth, development and

More information

CentoCancer STRIVE FOR THE MOST COMPLETE INFORMATION

CentoCancer STRIVE FOR THE MOST COMPLETE INFORMATION CentoCancer STRIVE FOR THE MOST COMPLETE INFORMATION CentoCancer our most comprehensive oncogenetics panel for hereditary mutations Hereditary pathogenic variants confer an increased risk of developing

More information

WHAT IS A GENE? CHROMOSOME DNA PROTEIN. A gene is made up of DNA. It carries instructions to make proteins.

WHAT IS A GENE? CHROMOSOME DNA PROTEIN. A gene is made up of DNA. It carries instructions to make proteins. WHAT IS A GENE? CHROMOSOME E GEN DNA A gene is made up of DNA. It carries instructions to make proteins. The proteins have specific jobs that help your body work normally. PROTEIN 1 WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THERE

More information

Familial and Hereditary Colon Cancer

Familial and Hereditary Colon Cancer Familial and Hereditary Colon Cancer Aasma Shaukat, MD, MPH, FACG, FASGE, FACP GI Section Chief, Minneapolis VAMC Associate Professor, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of

More information

Emerging" hallmarks of cancer, a. Reprogramming of energy metabolism b. Evasion of the immune system, Enabling characteristics, a.

Emerging hallmarks of cancer, a. Reprogramming of energy metabolism b. Evasion of the immune system, Enabling characteristics, a. HALLMARKS OF CANCER - Together dictate the malignant phenotype. 1. Self-sufficiency in growth signals 2. Insensitivity to growth inhibitory signals 3. Evasion of cell death 4. Limitless replicative potential

More information

The benefit of. knowing. Genetic testing for hereditary cancer. A patient support guide

The benefit of. knowing. Genetic testing for hereditary cancer. A patient support guide The benefit of knowing Genetic testing for hereditary cancer A patient support guide Does cancer run in your family? Cancer is more common in some families. Sometimes cancer is caused by a change in a

More information

BioSci 145A Lecture 15 - Oncogenes and Cancer

BioSci 145A Lecture 15 - Oncogenes and Cancer BioSci 145A Lecture 15 - Oncogenes and Cancer Topics we will cover today Introduction to normal and cancer cells Characteristics of cells in culture Cancerous changes in cells Viruses can harbor transforming

More information