Prostatos vėžys: samprata apie riziką. Ramūnas Mickevičius Urologijos klinika LSMU KK Druskininkai

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Prostatos vėžys: samprata apie riziką. Ramūnas Mickevičius Urologijos klinika LSMU KK Druskininkai"

Transcription

1 Prostatos vėžys: samprata apie riziką Ramūnas Mickevičius Urologijos klinika LSMU KK Druskininkai

2 Terminas PROSTATOS VĖŽYS pacientui kelia nerimą, įtampą, baimę mirčiai. Kas metai Lietuvoje naujai diagnozuojama apie 3000 naujų prostatos vėžio atvejų ir apie 500 nuo jo miršta. Pacientų sergančių prostatos vėžiu išgyvenamumas priklauso nuo kelių veiksnių.

3 Prostatos vėžio rizikos aspektai Ligos nustatymas (kada pradėti ieškoti ligos?) Prostatos vėžys nustatytas

4 Ligos nustatymas Vyro amžius. AUA rekomendacijos: (1) PSA skriningas nerekomenduojamas vyrams iki 40 m. (2) nerekomenduojamas PSA skriningas vidutinės rizikos vyrams m. (3) rekomenduojamas tyrimas vyrams m. (4) nerekomenduojamas PSA skriningas vyrams >70 m. ar vyrams galintiems išgyventi <10-15 metų.

5 Ligos nustatymas Pagal EAU rekomendacijas: Pradinis PSA tyrimas pasiūlytas pacientams nuo 40 metų, nuo kada galima skaičiuoti skrininginį intervalą (GR: B). (Börgermann C, Loertzer H, Hammerer P, et al. Problems, objective, and substance of early detectionof prostate cancer]. Urologe A 2010 Feb;49(2): Skrininginis intervalas 8 metai, turėtų būti pakankamas, jei pradinis PSA < 1 ng/ml Roobol MJ, Roobol DW, Schröder FH. Is additional testing necessary in men with prostate-specific antigen levels of 1.0 ng/ml or less in a population-based screening setting? (ERSPC, section Rotterdam). Urology 2005 feb;65(2):343-6.

6 Ligos nustatymas Net ir esant neaukštoms PSA reikšmėms yra tam tikra tikimybė agresyvaus PCa. Thompson IM, Pauler DK, Goodman PJ, et al. Prevalence of prostate cancer among men with a prostate-specific antigen level < or =4.0 ng per milliliter. N Engl J Med 2004 May

7 Ligos nustatymas Rizikos veiksnių buvimas. Prostatos vėžio įtarimas tiriant pirštu yra prielaida manyti apie labiau agresyvų PCa (Gleason 7). Okotie OT, Roehl KA, Han M, et al Characteristics of prostate cancer detected by digital rectal examination only. Urology 2007 Dec;70(6): Gosselaar C, Roobol MJ, Roemeling S, et al. The role of the digital rectal examination in subsequent screening visits in the European randomized study of screening for

8 Ligos nustatymas Jei vienas artimas giminaitis sirgęs PCa šansas susirgti yra mažiausiai 2 kart didesnis. Jei du ir daugiau artimų giminaičių šansas padidėja 5 11 kartų.

9 Prostatos vėžys nustatytas Rizikai įvertinti sukurta daugybė nomogramų, lentelių, rizikos skaičiuoklių, atsiranda nauji markeriai ir jų deriniai (pro PSA, PCA3, TMPRSS2:ERG, tumoro supresorius PTEN), tobulinami tyrimų metodai (kontrastu sustiprinantis TRUS, realaus laiko elastografija, TRUS paremtas prostatos histoskenavimu, multiparametrinis BMR).

10 Prostatos vėžys nustatytas Išgyvenamumas sergant prostatos vėžiu priklauso nuo: prostatos vėžio rizikos laipsnio, gretutinių ligų, paciento amžiaus.

11 Aukštos rizikos PCa apibrėžimas Patrick J. Bastian a,*, Stephen A. Boorjian b, Alberto Bossi c, Alberto Briganti d, Axel Heidenreich e, Stephen J. Freedland f, Francesco Montorsi d, Mack Roach IIIg, Fritz SchroØder h, Hein van Poppel i, Christian G. Stief a, Andrew J. Stephenson j, Michael J. Zelefsky High-Risk Prostate Cancer: From Definition to Contemporary Management EUROPEAN UROLOGY 6 1 ( )

12 Rizika Pagal D Amico: Žema (low risk PSA 10, a Gleason score 6, arba klin. stad. T1-2a) Vidutinė (intermidiate risk - PSA 10-20, Gleason score 7, arba klin. stad. T2b) Aukšta (high risk - PSA >20, Gleason score 8, arba klin. stad. T2c-3a)

13 Aukštos rizikos PCa (PSA >20, Gleason score 8, arba klin. stad. T2c-3a) Aukštos rizikos PCa naujai diagnozuojama apie 15%. Cooperberg MR, Broering JM, Carroll PR. Time trends and local variation in primary treatment of localized prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:

14 the American Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results tyrimas parodė, kad PCa pacientų su klin. stadija T1c Gleason scores 5 7 mirštamumas dėl gretutinės patologijos (dviejų ir daugiau ligų) per 10 metų pacientams virš 65m. yra didesnis lyginant su rizika mirti nuo prostatos vėžio (apie 74% pacientų 66 74m. nuo diagnozės nustatymo ir 83% - nuo 75m. miršta nuo gretutinės patologijos) Albertsen PC, Moore DF, Shih W, Lin Y, Li H, Lu-Yao GL. Impact o comorbidity on survival among men with localized prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:

15 Pacientams virš 65 metų diagnozavus PCa klinikinėje stadijoje T2, Gleason 8 10 rizika numirti nuo prostatos vėžio yra panaši, kaip ir nuo gretutinių ligų. Albertsen PC, Moore DF, Shih W, Lin Y, Li H, Lu-Yao GL. Impact o comorbidity on survival among men with localized prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:

16 Vyrams numirti nuo PCa rizika palyginti didelė net ir po RP, jei PSA prieš diagnozės nustatymą per metus pakilo daugiau nei 2.0 ng/ml. Anthony V. D'Amico, M.D., Ph.D., Ming-Hui Chen, Ph.D., Kimberly A. Roehl, M.P.H., and William J. Catalona, M.D. Preoperative PSA Velocity and the Risk of Death from Prostate Cancer after Radical Prostatectomy N Engl J Med 2004; 351:

17 Pacientų amžius <59 iki 70+ (viso 4000 pacientų) Aukštos rizikos vėžys Vertinti pagal Charlson gretutinių ligų indeksą

18 Aukštos rizikos PCa buvo jaunų vyrų mirties priežastis, kuriai įtaką turėjo rizikos faktorių kiekis.

19 Vyresniems, be gretutinės patologijos, vyrams rizika numirti nuo aukštos rizikos PCa buvo panaši, kaip ir jauniems vyrams.

20 Vyresniems vyrams su gretutine patologija rizika numirti nuo kitų ligų didesnė nei nuo PCa.

21 Išvados 1. Gydyti reikia pacientus, kuriems yra rizika numirti nuo prostatos vėžio. 2. Gerai pasverti radikalaus gydymo prasmę gretutinėmis patologijomis sergantiems pacientams. 3. Neatmesti galimybės radikaliai gydyti vyresnio amžiaus sveikų vyrų, neturinčių gretutinės patologijos. 4. Reikalingi nauji markeriai ar jų deriniai bei tyrimo metodai, naujos rizikos skaičiuoklės kas leistų tiksliau nustatyti, kuris prostatos vėžys yra agresyvus.

22 Ačiū už dėmesį

Antroji (ir tolesnės) autologinės KKLT mielominei ligai gydyti. Indrė Klimienė, Vilniaus Universiteto Ligoninė Santariškių Klinikos.

Antroji (ir tolesnės) autologinės KKLT mielominei ligai gydyti. Indrė Klimienė, Vilniaus Universiteto Ligoninė Santariškių Klinikos. Antroji (ir tolesnės) autologinės KKLT mielominei ligai gydyti. Indrė Klimienė, Vilniaus Universiteto Ligoninė Santariškių Klinikos. 2 Gydymo Evoliucija Milestone 1962 Melphalan-prednisone (MP) Notes Introduction

More information

NIH Public Access Author Manuscript World J Urol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2012 February 1.

NIH Public Access Author Manuscript World J Urol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2012 February 1. NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Published in final edited form as: World J Urol. 2011 February ; 29(1): 11 14. doi:10.1007/s00345-010-0625-4. Significance of preoperative PSA velocity in men with low

More information

Analysis of prognostic factors for melanoma patients

Analysis of prognostic factors for melanoma patients ACTA MEDICA LITUANICA. 2017. Vol. 24. No. 1. P. 25 34 Lietuvos mokslų akademija, 2017 Analysis of prognostic factors for melanoma patients Andrė Lideikaitė 1, Julija Mozūraitienė 2, Simona Letautienė 1,

More information

Prostate Cancer Who needs active surveillance?

Prostate Cancer Who needs active surveillance? Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie Direktor: Prof. Dr. H. Riedmiller Prostate Cancer Who needs active surveillance? Klinische und molekulare Charakterisierung des Hoch-Risiko-Prostatakarzinoms.

More information

Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand PSA Testing Policy 2009

Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand PSA Testing Policy 2009 Executive summary Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand PSA Testing Policy 2009 1. Prostate cancer is a major health problem and is the second leading cause of male cancer deaths in Australia

More information

Nauji glioblastomų molekuliniai žymenys. Vilnius, 2015

Nauji glioblastomų molekuliniai žymenys. Vilnius, 2015 Nauji glioblastomų molekuliniai žymenys Vilnius, 2015 Planas Molekulinio kariotipavimo principai Trumpas įvadas į citogenetiką Citogenetiniai žymenys Molekulinis kariotipavimas Įvadas į citogenetiką 1p/19q

More information

journal of medicine The new england Preoperative PSA Velocity and the Risk of Death from Prostate Cancer after Radical Prostatectomy abstract

journal of medicine The new england Preoperative PSA Velocity and the Risk of Death from Prostate Cancer after Radical Prostatectomy abstract The new england journal of medicine established in 1812 july 8, 4 vol. 31 no. 2 Preoperative PSA Velocity and the Risk of Death from Prostate Cancer after Radical Prostatectomy Anthony V. D Amico, M.D.,

More information

CHANGES RELATED TO INPATIENT MORTALITY FROM ACUTE STROKE IN THE STROKE UNIT OF THE KLAIPEDA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN

CHANGES RELATED TO INPATIENT MORTALITY FROM ACUTE STROKE IN THE STROKE UNIT OF THE KLAIPEDA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN 74 BIOMEDICINA / BIOMEDICINE SVEIKATOS MOKSLAI / HEALTH SCIENCES IN EASTERN EUROPE ISSN 1392-6373 print / 2335-867X online 2016, 26 tomas, Nr. 5, p. 74-78 DOI: http://doi.org/10.5200/sm-hs.2016.075 CHANGES

More information

Prostate-specific antigen and transition zone index powerful predictors for acute urinary retention in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia

Prostate-specific antigen and transition zone index powerful predictors for acute urinary retention in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia 1071 Prostate-specific antigen and transition zone index powerful predictors for acute urinary retention in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia Clinic of Urology, Kaunas University of Medicine Hospital,

More information

european urology 55 (2009)

european urology 55 (2009) european urology 55 (2009) 385 393 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.europeanurology.com Prostate Cancer Is Prostate-Specific Antigen Velocity Selective for Clinically Significant

More information

Overview of the risk factors of melanoma

Overview of the risk factors of melanoma Medical sciences (2018) 1 6 Overview of the risk factors of melanoma Severija Pažemeckaitė, 1 Rūta Palionytė,1 Artūras Smirnovas 1 1 Lithuanian university of health sciences, faculty of medicine ABSTRACT

More information

ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION

ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION LESS IS MORE Risk Profiles and Treatment Patterns Among Men Diagnosed as Having Prostate Cancer and a Prostate-Specific Antigen Level Below 4. ng/ml Yu-Hsuan Shao, PhD; Peter C.

More information

Table 1. Descriptive characteristics, total prostate-specific antigen, and percentage of free/total prostate-specific antigen distribution Age Groups

Table 1. Descriptive characteristics, total prostate-specific antigen, and percentage of free/total prostate-specific antigen distribution Age Groups Oncology Population-based Analysis of Normal Total PSA and Percentage of Free/Total PSA Values: Results From Screening Cohort Umberto Capitanio, Paul Perrotte, Laurent Zini, Nazareno Suardi, Elie Antebi,

More information

Controversies in Prostate Cancer Screening

Controversies in Prostate Cancer Screening Controversies in Prostate Cancer Screening William J Catalona, MD Northwestern University Chicago Disclosure: Beckman Coulter, a manufacturer of PSA assays, provides research support PSA Screening Recommendations

More information

Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test

Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test What is the PSA test? Prostate-specific antigen, or PSA, is a protein produced by normal, as well as malignant, cells of the prostate gland. The PSA test measures the

More information

Prostate cancer screening: Attitudes and practices of family physicians in Ontario

Prostate cancer screening: Attitudes and practices of family physicians in Ontario Original research Prostate cancer screening: Attitudes and practices of family physicians in Ontario Christopher B. Allard, MD; * Shawn Dason; * Janis Lusis, MD; Anil Kapoor, MD, FRCSC * *McMaster Institute

More information

Preoperative Gleason score, percent of positive prostate biopsies and PSA in predicting biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy

Preoperative Gleason score, percent of positive prostate biopsies and PSA in predicting biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy JBUON 2013; 18(4): 954-960 ISSN: 1107-0625, online ISSN: 2241-6293 www.jbuon.com E-mail: editorial_office@jbuon.com ORIGINAL ARTICLE Gleason score, percent of positive prostate and PSA in predicting biochemical

More information

To be covered. Screening, early diagnosis, and treatment including Active Surveillance for prostate cancer: where is Europe heading for?

To be covered. Screening, early diagnosis, and treatment including Active Surveillance for prostate cancer: where is Europe heading for? To be covered Screening, early diagnosis, and treatment including Active Surveillance for prostate cancer: where is Europe heading for? Europa Uomo meeting Stockholm 29 Chris H.Bangma Rotterdam, The Netherlands

More information

PSA and the Future. Axel Heidenreich, Department of Urology

PSA and the Future. Axel Heidenreich, Department of Urology PSA and the Future Axel Heidenreich, Department of Urology PSA and Prostate Cancer EAU Guideline 2011 PSA is a continuous variable PSA value (ng/ml) risk of PCa, % 0 0.5 6.6 0.6 1 10.1 1.1 2 17.0 2.1 3

More information

Original Article. Introduction. Xin LIU 1, *Jie TANG 2, Xiang FEI 2, Qiu-Yang LI 2

Original Article. Introduction. Xin LIU 1, *Jie TANG 2, Xiang FEI 2, Qiu-Yang LI 2 Original Article Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Density and Free to Total PSA Ratio in Diagnosing Prostate Cancer with Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels of 4.0 ng/ml or Less Xin LIU 1, *Jie TANG 2, Xiang

More information

10/2/2018 OBJECTIVES PROSTATE HEALTH BACKGROUND THE PROSTATE HEALTH INDEX PHI*: BETTER PROSTATE CANCER DETECTION

10/2/2018 OBJECTIVES PROSTATE HEALTH BACKGROUND THE PROSTATE HEALTH INDEX PHI*: BETTER PROSTATE CANCER DETECTION THE PROSTATE HEALTH INDEX PHI*: BETTER PROSTATE CANCER DETECTION Lenette Walters, MS, MT(ASCP) Medical Affairs Manager Beckman Coulter, Inc. *phi is a calculation using the values from PSA, fpsa and p2psa

More information

GERONTOLOGIJA. Original articles. E. Mišeikytė Kaubrienė, M. Trakymas, A. Ulys

GERONTOLOGIJA. Original articles. E. Mišeikytė Kaubrienė, M. Trakymas, A. Ulys Gerontologija 2008; 9(2): 79 85 GERONTOLOGIJA Original articles Recurrence of differentiated thyroid cancer: significance of ultrasound examination and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy in

More information

The study of cancer patients distress

The study of cancer patients distress ACTA MEDICA LITUANICA. 2014. Vol. 21. No. 2. P. 51 56 Lietuvos mokslų akademija, 2014 The Second International Conference on Psychosocial Oncology Psychosocial Support and Communication in Cancer Care:

More information

Clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of 35 patients with Wegener s granulomatosis followed up at two rheumatology centers in Lithuania

Clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of 35 patients with Wegener s granulomatosis followed up at two rheumatology centers in Lithuania 256 Medicina (Kaunas) 2010;46(4):256-60 Clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of 35 patients with Wegener s granulomatosis followed up at two rheumatology centers in Lithuania Jolanta Dadonienė

More information

Incidence and risk factors for early postoperative cognitive decline after coronary artery bypass grafting

Incidence and risk factors for early postoperative cognitive decline after coronary artery bypass grafting 460 Medicina (Kaunas) 2010;46(7):460-4 Incidence and risk factors for early postoperative cognitive decline after coronary artery bypass grafting Ieva Norkienė 1, Robertas Samalavičius 1, Irina Misiūrienė

More information

Peculiarities of non-small cell lung cancer local extension radiological assessment

Peculiarities of non-small cell lung cancer local extension radiological assessment 118 acta medica lituanica. 08. Vol. 15. No. 2. P. 118 124 lietuvos mokslų akademija, 08 lietuvos mokslų akademijos leidykla, 08 Vilniaus universitetas, 08 Peculiarities of non-small cell lung cancer local

More information

Do all men with pathological Gleason score 8 10 prostate cancer have poor outcomes? Results from the SEARCH database

Do all men with pathological Gleason score 8 10 prostate cancer have poor outcomes? Results from the SEARCH database Do all men with pathological Gleason score 8 10 prostate cancer have poor outcomes? Results from the SEARCH database Sean Fischer*, Daniel Lin, Ross M. Simon*, Lauren E. Howard, William J. Aronson **,

More information

Occupational therapy for patients with spinal cord injury in early rehabilitation

Occupational therapy for patients with spinal cord injury in early rehabilitation 852 Occupational therapy for patients with spinal cord injury in early rehabilitation Department of Rehabilitation, Kaunas University of Medicine, Lithuania Key words: spinal cord injury, rehabilitation,

More information

Radical Prostatectomy:

Radical Prostatectomy: Overtreatment and undertreatment Radical Prostatectomy: An Emerging Standard of Care for High Risk Prostate Cancer Matthew R. Cooperberg, MD,MPH UCSF Radiation Oncology Update San Francisco, CA April 2,

More information

Changes in health-related quality of life among patients with coronary artery disease: a 2-year follow-up

Changes in health-related quality of life among patients with coronary artery disease: a 2-year follow-up Medicina (Kaunas) 2010;46(12):843-50 Changes in health-related quality of life among patients with coronary artery disease: a 2-year follow-up nstitute of Psychophysiology and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian

More information

Radiological diagnostics of pleura and mediastinum invasion in lung cancer patients

Radiological diagnostics of pleura and mediastinum invasion in lung cancer patients ACTA MEDICA LITUANICA. 2005. VOLUME 12 No. 2. P. 68 72 Lietuvos mokslø akademija, 2005 68 Lietuvos mokslø akademijos leidykla, 2005 Radiological diagnostics of pleura and mediastinum invasion in lung cancer

More information

Detection & Risk Stratification for Early Stage Prostate Cancer

Detection & Risk Stratification for Early Stage Prostate Cancer Detection & Risk Stratification for Early Stage Prostate Cancer Andrew J. Stephenson, MD, FRCSC, FACS Chief, Urologic Oncology Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute Cleveland Clinic Risk Stratification:

More information

european urology 51 (2007)

european urology 51 (2007) european urology 51 (2007) 366 374 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.europeanurology.com Prostate Cancer Overall and Disease-Specific Survival of Patients with Screen-Detected Prostate

More information

Demographic-clinical profile of the patients with Myasthenia gravis

Demographic-clinical profile of the patients with Myasthenia gravis 611 Demographic-clinical profile of the patients with Myasthenia gravis Daiva Rastenytė, Antanas Vaitkus 1, Rimas Neverauskas 1, Valerijus Pauza 2 Institute of Cardiology, Kaunas University of Medicine,

More information

ACCURACY OF PSA TEST IN THE PROSTATE CANCER SCREENING PROGRAM OF LITHUANIA

ACCURACY OF PSA TEST IN THE PROSTATE CANCER SCREENING PROGRAM OF LITHUANIA ACCURACY OF PSA TEST IN THE PROSTATE CANCER SCREENING PROGRAM OF LITHUANIA Romualdas Gurevičius 1, Renata Šturienė 2, Arvydas Šilys 3 1 Institute of Hygiene, 2 Vilnius Šeškinė Outpatient Clinics, 3 Vilnius

More information

Age-related maculopathy and consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits in urban elderly

Age-related maculopathy and consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits in urban elderly 1231 Age-related maculopathy and consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits in urban elderly Ramutė Vaičaitienė, Dalia K. Lukšienė, Alvydas Paunksnis 1, Liucija Rita Černiauskienė, Stanislava Domarkienė,

More information

PSA Doubling Time Versus PSA Velocity to Predict High-Risk Prostate Cancer: Data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

PSA Doubling Time Versus PSA Velocity to Predict High-Risk Prostate Cancer: Data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging european urology 54 (2008) 1073 1080 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.europeanurology.com Prostate Cancer PSA Doubling Time Versus PSA Velocity to Predict High-Risk Prostate Cancer:

More information

Analysis of burned hand function (early versus delayed treatment)

Analysis of burned hand function (early versus delayed treatment) 846 Analysis of burned hand function (early versus delayed treatment) Kęstutis Maslauskas, Rytis Rimdeika, Jolita Rapolienė 1, Tadas Ramanauskas 1 Department of Surgery, Kaunas University of Medicine,

More information

Local Recommendations for Active Surveillance of Prostate Cancer

Local Recommendations for Active Surveillance of Prostate Cancer February 15 Local Recommendations for Active Surveillance of Prostate Cancer Chris Dawson Urology Lead Clinician February 2015 www.pchurology.co.uk Summary and Recommendations 1. There is no single set

More information

ASSESSMENT OF THE DOSE TO THE HEART AND THE LEFT ANTERIOR DESCENDING CORONARY ARTERY FOR THE LEFT BREAST RADIOTHERAPY

ASSESSMENT OF THE DOSE TO THE HEART AND THE LEFT ANTERIOR DESCENDING CORONARY ARTERY FOR THE LEFT BREAST RADIOTHERAPY SVEIKATOS MOKSLAI / HEALTH SCIENCES IN EASTERN EUROPE ISSN 1392-6373 print / 2335-867X online 2016, 26 tomas, Nr. 5, p. 79-83 DOI: http://doi.org/10.5200/sm-hs.2016.076 BIOMEDICINA / BIOMEDICINE 79 ASSESSMENT

More information

Trombozinė trombocitopeninė purpura (TTP) R. Petrauskaitė

Trombozinė trombocitopeninė purpura (TTP) R. Petrauskaitė Trombozinė trombocitopeninė purpura (TTP) R. Petrauskaitė Pentada klinikinių simptomų Trombocitopenija Mikroangiopatinė hemolizinė anemija (MAHA) Fliuktuojantys neurologiniai simptomai Inkstų funkcijos

More information

White Paper: To Screen or Not to Screen?

White Paper: To Screen or Not to Screen? White Paper: To Screen or Not to Screen? Prof Chris Bangma, one of the ERSPC directors, sets this challenge for health authorities in the light of their recent study into the benefits of population based

More information

Reta liga: vyrų krūties vėžys

Reta liga: vyrų krūties vėžys ACTA MEDICA LITUANICA. 2015. Vol. 22. No. 1. P. 24 29 Lietuvos mokslų akademija, 2015 Reta liga: vyrų krūties vėžys Jūratė Liutkutė 1, Nadežda Lachej 1, Laura Steponavičienė 2, Teresė Pipirienė Želvienė

More information

DEMOGRAFINIŲ VEIKSNIŲ SĄSAJOS SU KLINIKINE GREIVSO LIGOS IŠRAIŠKA IR BAIGTIMI

DEMOGRAFINIŲ VEIKSNIŲ SĄSAJOS SU KLINIKINE GREIVSO LIGOS IŠRAIŠKA IR BAIGTIMI 76 BIOMEDICINA / BIOMEDICINE SVEIKATOS MOKSLAI / HEALTH SCIENCES ISSN 2335-867X 2013, 23 tomas, Nr. 2, p. 76-80 doi:10.5200/sm-hs.2013.049 DEMOGRAFINIŲ VEIKSNIŲ SĄSAJOS SU KLINIKINE GREIVSO LIGOS IŠRAIŠKA

More information

Optimal Baseline Prostate-Specific Antigen Level to Distinguish Risk of Prostate Cancer in Healthy Men Between 40 and 69 Years of Age

Optimal Baseline Prostate-Specific Antigen Level to Distinguish Risk of Prostate Cancer in Healthy Men Between 40 and 69 Years of Age ORIGINAL ARTICLE Oncology & Hematology http://dx.doi.org/.46/jkms..7..4 J Korean Med Sci ; 7: 4-45 Optimal Baseline Prostate-Specific Antigen Level to Distinguish Risk of Prostate Cancer in Healthy Men

More information

Predictive criteria of insignificant prostate cancer: what is the correspondence of linear extent to percentage of cancer in a single core?

Predictive criteria of insignificant prostate cancer: what is the correspondence of linear extent to percentage of cancer in a single core? ORIGINAL ARTICLE Vol. 41 (2): 367-372, March - April, 2015 doi: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2015.02.26 Predictive criteria of insignificant prostate cancer: what is the correspondence of linear extent to percentage

More information

Medicina (Kaunas) 2006; 42(1) KLINIKINIAI TYRIMAI

Medicina (Kaunas) 2006; 42(1) KLINIKINIAI TYRIMAI KLINIKINIAI TYRIMAI 15 Influence of catheter on urinary flow during urodynamic pressureflow study in men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia Darius Trumbeckas, Daimantas Milonas, Mindaugas Jievaltas,

More information

PSA Screening and Prostate Cancer. Rishi Modh, MD

PSA Screening and Prostate Cancer. Rishi Modh, MD PSA Screening and Prostate Cancer Rishi Modh, MD ABOUT ME From Tampa Bay Went to Berkeley Prep University of Miami for Undergraduate - 4 years University of Miami for Medical School - 4 Years University

More information

Salvage Radical Prostatectomy for Radiation-recurrent Prostate Cancer: A Multi-institutional Collaboration

Salvage Radical Prostatectomy for Radiation-recurrent Prostate Cancer: A Multi-institutional Collaboration EUROPEAN UROLOGY 60 (2011) 205 210 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.europeanurology.com Platinum Priority Prostate Cancer Editorial by Markus Graefen on pp. 211 213 of this issue

More information

Best Papers. F. Fusco

Best Papers. F. Fusco Best Papers UROLOGY F. Fusco Best papers - 2015 RP/RT Oncological outcomes RP/RT IN ct3 Utilization trends RP/RT Complications Evolving role of elnd /Salvage LND This cohort reflects the current clinical

More information

What is an acceptable false negative rate in the detection of prostate cancer?

What is an acceptable false negative rate in the detection of prostate cancer? Original Article What is an acceptable false negative rate in the detection of prostate cancer? Jan F. M. Verbeek, Monique J. Roobol; the ERSPC Rotterdam study group* Department of Urology, Erasmus Medical

More information

Prospective validation of a risk calculator which calculates the probability of a positive prostate biopsy in a contemporary clinical cohort

Prospective validation of a risk calculator which calculates the probability of a positive prostate biopsy in a contemporary clinical cohort European Journal of Cancer (2012) 48, 1809 1815 Available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.ejconline.com Prospective validation of a risk calculator which calculates the probability of a

More information

EUROPEAN UROLOGY 62 (2012)

EUROPEAN UROLOGY 62 (2012) EUROPEAN UROLOGY 62 (2012) 745 752 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.europeanurology.com Platinum Priority Prostate Cancer Editorial by Allison S. Glass, Matthew R. Cooperberg and

More information

Long-Term Risk of Clinical Progression After Biochemical Recurrence Following Radical Prostatectomy: The Impact of Time from Surgery to Recurrence

Long-Term Risk of Clinical Progression After Biochemical Recurrence Following Radical Prostatectomy: The Impact of Time from Surgery to Recurrence EUROPEAN UROLOGY 59 (2011) 893 899 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.europeanurology.com Platinum Priority Prostate Cancer Editorial by Bertrand D. Guillonneau and Karim Fizazi on

More information

What s new in prostate cancer screening and prevention?

What s new in prostate cancer screening and prevention? MEDICAL GRAND ROUNDS CME CREDIT EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVE: Readers will assimilate the limitations and strengths of options for prostate cancer screening and prevention ERIC A. KLEIN, MD * Andrew C. Novick

More information

TITLE: The Influence of Patient Heterogeneity on the Harms and Benefits of Prostate Cancer Screening

TITLE: The Influence of Patient Heterogeneity on the Harms and Benefits of Prostate Cancer Screening TITLE: The Influence of Patient Heterogeneity on the Harms and Benefits of Prostate Cancer Screening RUNNING HEAD: Patient Heterogeneity in Prostate Cancer Screening June 17, 2016 Daniel J. Underwood,

More information

Predictive factors of late biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy

Predictive factors of late biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy JJCO Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2017, 47(3) 233 238 doi: 10.1093/jjco/hyw181 Advance Access Publication Date: 9 December 2016 Original Article Original

More information

Original Article The implications of prostate-specific antigen density to predict clinically significant prostate cancer in men 50 years

Original Article The implications of prostate-specific antigen density to predict clinically significant prostate cancer in men 50 years Am J Clin Exp Urol 2014;2(4):332-336 www.ajceu.us /ISSN:2330-1910/AJCEU0002941 Original Article The implications of prostate-specific antigen density to predict clinically significant prostate cancer in

More information

Reducing overtreatment of prostate cancer by radical prostatectomy in Eastern Ontario: a population-based cohort study

Reducing overtreatment of prostate cancer by radical prostatectomy in Eastern Ontario: a population-based cohort study Reducing overtreatment of prostate cancer by radical prostatectomy in Eastern Ontario: a population-based cohort study Luke Witherspoon MD MSc, Johnathan L. Lau BSc, Rodney H. Breau MD MSc, Christopher

More information

Health Screening Update: Prostate Cancer Zamip Patel, MD FSACOFP Convention August 1 st, 2015

Health Screening Update: Prostate Cancer Zamip Patel, MD FSACOFP Convention August 1 st, 2015 Health Screening Update: Prostate Cancer Zamip Patel, MD FSACOFP Convention August 1 st, 2015 Outline Epidemiology of prostate cancer Purpose of screening Method of screening Contemporary screening trials

More information

Tyrimų, įvertinančių inkstų funkciją, palyginimas (Kauno medicinos universiteto klinikų 2006 metų duomenys)

Tyrimų, įvertinančių inkstų funkciją, palyginimas (Kauno medicinos universiteto klinikų 2006 metų duomenys) 46 Tyrimų, įvertinančių inkstų funkciją, palyginimas (Kauno medicinos universiteto klinikų 2006 metų duomenys) Vytautas Kuzminskis, Inga Skarupskienė, Inga Arūnė Bumblytė, Žydrūnė Kardauskaitė, Jurgita

More information

CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS

CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS 147 Medicina (Kaunas) 211;47(3):147-53 Frequent Methylation of RASSF1 and RARB in Urine Sediments From Patients with Early Stage Prostate Cancer Kristina Daniūnaitė 1, Artūras Berezniakovas

More information

TIME FROM INJURY TO SURGERY IMPACT ON RECOVERY RESULTS AFTER ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION

TIME FROM INJURY TO SURGERY IMPACT ON RECOVERY RESULTS AFTER ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION 32 BIOMEDICINA / BIOMEDICINE SVEIKATOS MOKSLAI / HEALTH SCIENCES IN EASTERN EUROPE ISSN 1392-6373 print / 2335-867X online 2017, 27 tomas, Nr. 3, p. 32-37 DOI: http://doi.org/10.5200/sm-hs.2017.036 TIME

More information

Contemporary Approaches to Screening for Prostate Cancer

Contemporary Approaches to Screening for Prostate Cancer Contemporary Approaches to Screening for Prostate Cancer Gerald L. Andriole, MD Robert K. Royce Distinguished Professor Chief of Urologic Surgery Siteman Cancer Center Washington University School of Medicine

More information

Predictive role of free prostate specific antigen in a prospective active surveillance program (PRIAS)

Predictive role of free prostate specific antigen in a prospective active surveillance program (PRIAS) World J Urol (2015) 33:1735 1740 DOI 10.1007/s00345-015-1542-3 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Predictive role of free prostate specific antigen in a prospective active surveillance program (PRIAS) Hanna Vasarainen 1

More information

Epidemiology of burns in Lithuania during

Epidemiology of burns in Lithuania during 541 Epidemiology of burns in Lithuania during 1991 2004 Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kaunas University of Medicine, Lithuania Key words: burns; epidemiology; Lithuania. Summary. The

More information

Post Radical Prostatectomy Radiation in Intermediate and High Risk Group Prostate Cancer Patients - A Historical Series

Post Radical Prostatectomy Radiation in Intermediate and High Risk Group Prostate Cancer Patients - A Historical Series Post Radical Prostatectomy Radiation in Intermediate and High Risk Group Prostate Cancer Patients - A Historical Series E. Z. Neulander 1, Z. Wajsman 2 1 Department of Urology, Soroka UMC, Ben Gurion University,

More information

The importance of T-lymphocyte subsets on overall survival of colorectal and gastric cancer patients

The importance of T-lymphocyte subsets on overall survival of colorectal and gastric cancer patients 548 The importance of T-lymphocyte subsets on overall survival of colorectal and gastric cancer patients Vida Milašienė, Eugenijus Stratilatovas 1, Violeta Norkienė Laboratory of Experimental Oncology,

More information

The effect of combined treatment methods on survival and toxicity in patients with pancreatic cancer

The effect of combined treatment methods on survival and toxicity in patients with pancreatic cancer 716 The effect of combined treatment methods on survival and toxicity in patients with pancreatic cancer Department of Oncology, Kaunas University of Medicine, Lithuania Key words: chemoradiation; pancreatic

More information

Prostate Cancer: from Beginning to End

Prostate Cancer: from Beginning to End Prostate Cancer: from Beginning to End Matthew D. Katz, M.D. Assistant Professor Urologic Oncology Robotic and Laparoscopic Surgery University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer

More information

estimating risk of BCR and risk of aggressive recurrence after RP was assessed using the concordance index, c.

estimating risk of BCR and risk of aggressive recurrence after RP was assessed using the concordance index, c. . JOURNAL COMPILATION 2008 BJU INTERNATIONAL Urological Oncology PREDICTION OF AGGRESSIVE RECURRENCE AFTER RP SCHROECK et al. BJUI BJU INTERNATIONAL Do nomograms predict aggressive recurrence after radical

More information

The prevalence and risk factors of low-energy fractures among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in Belarus

The prevalence and risk factors of low-energy fractures among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in Belarus Gerontologija 2014; 15(3): 143 147 GERONTOLOGIJA Original article The prevalence and risk factors of low-energy fractures among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in Belarus Ema Rudenka 1, Natalya

More information

PROSTATE CANCER SCREENING: AN UPDATE

PROSTATE CANCER SCREENING: AN UPDATE PROSTATE CANCER SCREENING: AN UPDATE William G. Nelson, M.D., Ph.D. Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins American Association for Cancer Research William G. Nelson, M.D., Ph.D. Disclosures

More information

Prognostic factors for short and long-term survival in patients selected for liver transplantation

Prognostic factors for short and long-term survival in patients selected for liver transplantation 39 Prognostic factors for short and long-term survival in patients selected for liver transplantation Jolanta Šumskienė, Limas Kupčinskas, Juozas Pundzius 1, Linas Šumskas 2 Clinic of Gastroenterology,

More information

Nomogram using transrectal ultrasound-derived information predicting the detection of high grade prostate cancer on initial biopsy

Nomogram using transrectal ultrasound-derived information predicting the detection of high grade prostate cancer on initial biopsy Original Article Prostate Int 2013;1(2):69-75 P R O S T A T E INTERNATIONAL Nomogram using transrectal ultrasound-derived information predicting the detection of high grade prostate cancer on initial biopsy

More information

The Impact of Insurance Status on Tumor Characteristics and Treatment Selection in Contemporary Patients With Prostate Cancer

The Impact of Insurance Status on Tumor Characteristics and Treatment Selection in Contemporary Patients With Prostate Cancer Original Research 1351 The Impact of Insurance Status on Tumor Characteristics and Treatment Selection in Contemporary Patients With Prostate Cancer Nicola Fossati, MD a,b ; Daniel P. Nguyen, MD c ; Quoc-Dien

More information

PREVALENCE OF PROSTATE CANCER AMONG HYPOGONADAL MEN WITH PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN LEVELS OF 4.0 ng/ml OR LESS

PREVALENCE OF PROSTATE CANCER AMONG HYPOGONADAL MEN WITH PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN LEVELS OF 4.0 ng/ml OR LESS ADULT UROLOGY PREVALENCE OF PROSTATE CANCER AMONG HYPOGONADAL MEN WITH PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN LEVELS OF 4.0 ng/ml OR LESS ABRAHAM MORGENTALER AND ERNANI LUIS RHODEN ABSTRACT Objectives. To determine

More information

Transition zone volume measurement is it useful before surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia?

Transition zone volume measurement is it useful before surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia? 792 Transition zone volume measurement is it useful before surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia? Department of Urology, Kaunas University of Medicine, Lithuania Key words: benign prostatic hyperplasia;

More information

Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Disease (2014), Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved /14

Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Disease (2014), Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved /14 Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Disease (2014), 1 7 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved 1365-7852/14 www.nature.com/pcan ORIGINAL ARTICLE Predicting prostate cancer-specific outcome after

More information

SERGANČIŲJŲ POINSULTINE PNEUMONIJA IR UROINFEKCIJA KLINIKINIŲ CHARAKTERISTIKŲ, GYDYMO TRUKMĖS IR KAŠTŲ SĄSAJOS

SERGANČIŲJŲ POINSULTINE PNEUMONIJA IR UROINFEKCIJA KLINIKINIŲ CHARAKTERISTIKŲ, GYDYMO TRUKMĖS IR KAŠTŲ SĄSAJOS 92 SVEIKATOS EKONOMIKA IR VADYBA / HEALTH ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT SVEIKATOS MOKSLAI / HEALTH SCIENCES ISSN 2335-867X 2013, 23 tomas, Nr. 3, p. 92-97 doi:10.5200/sm-hs.2013.083 SERGANČIŲJŲ POINSULTINE

More information

Patologiniu nutukimu sergančių pacientų kepenų histologinių pokyčių vertinimas

Patologiniu nutukimu sergančių pacientų kepenų histologinių pokyčių vertinimas 79 ISSN 1392 0995, ISSN 1648 9942 (online) htt://www.chirurgija.lt LIETUVOS CHIRURGIJA Lithuanian Surgery 2012, 11 (3 4),. 79 88 Patologiniu nutukimu sergančių acientų keenų histologinių okyčių vertinimas

More information

Understanding the risk of recurrence after primary treatment for prostate cancer. Aditya Bagrodia, MD

Understanding the risk of recurrence after primary treatment for prostate cancer. Aditya Bagrodia, MD Understanding the risk of recurrence after primary treatment for prostate cancer Aditya Bagrodia, MD Aditya.bagrodia@utsouthwestern.edu 423-967-5848 Outline and objectives Prostate cancer demographics

More information

Key words: prostatic neoplasms, risk groups, biochemical recurrence, clinical progression, prostate cancer specific mortality

Key words: prostatic neoplasms, risk groups, biochemical recurrence, clinical progression, prostate cancer specific mortality JJCO Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2016, 46(8) 762 767 doi: 10.1093/jjco/hyw061 Advance Access Publication Date: 20 May 2016 Original Article Original Article

More information

Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Literature EUROPEAN UROLOGY 62 (2012) 976 983 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.europeanurology.com Platinum Priority Collaborative Review Prostate Cancer Editorial by Gurdarshan S. Sandhu

More information

Screening for Prostate Cancer

Screening for Prostate Cancer clinical practice Screening for Prostate Cancer Richard M. Hoffman, M.D., M.P.H. This Journal feature begins with a case vignette highlighting a common clinical problem. Evidence supporting various strategies

More information

ARRO-Case Postoperative Radiotherapy in Prostate Cancer

ARRO-Case Postoperative Radiotherapy in Prostate Cancer ARRO-Case Postoperative Radiotherapy in Prostate Cancer Kara Downs Romano, Daniel Trifiletti, Timothy Showalter Radiation Oncology University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA Case: HPI 64 year old man with

More information

Oncologic Outcome of Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy in the High-Risk Setting

Oncologic Outcome of Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy in the High-Risk Setting END-2010-0305-ver9-Engel_1P.3d 09/17/10 2:42pm Page 1 END-2010-0305-ver9-Engel_1P Type: research-article JOURNAL OF ENDOUROLOGY Volume 24, Number 00, XXXX 2010 ª Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Pp. &&& &&& DOI:

More information

Prostate Cancer Screening Guidelines in 2017

Prostate Cancer Screening Guidelines in 2017 Prostate Cancer Screening Guidelines in 2017 Pocharapong Jenjitranant, M.D. Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Prostate

More information

Relationship between initial PSA density with future PSA kinetics and repeat biopsies in men with prostate cancer on active surveillance

Relationship between initial PSA density with future PSA kinetics and repeat biopsies in men with prostate cancer on active surveillance ORIGINAL ARTICLE (2011) 14, 53 57 & 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved 1365-7852/11 www.nature.com/pcan Relationship between initial PSA density with future PSA kinetics and repeat biopsies

More information

Stipinkaulio distalinio galo lūžių konservatyvus gydymas K.Braziulis

Stipinkaulio distalinio galo lūžių konservatyvus gydymas K.Braziulis Stipinkaulio distalinio galo lūžių konservatyvus gydymas 2013 04 26 K.Braziulis DSGL konservatyvaus gydymo indikacijos DSGL be poslinkio DSGL su minimaliu poslinkiu kai: 1. Nugarinis poslinkis

More information

ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE FOR PROSTATE CANCER

ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE FOR PROSTATE CANCER ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE FOR PROSTATE CANCER Dr. Michael J Metcalfe PGY-2 Department of Urological Sciences April 25, 2012 CASE RM 65 year old active Caucasian male, married. PSA= 7.0 T2a Gleason 3+3=6 2/6

More information

Trends in main cardiovascular risk factors among middle-aged

Trends in main cardiovascular risk factors among middle-aged 1193 Trends in main cardiovascular risk factors among middle-aged Kaunas population between 1983 and 2002 Stanislava Domarkienė, Abdonas Tamošiūnas, Regina Rėklaitienė, Doma Šidlauskienė, Kristina Jurėnienė,

More information

The value of clinical prognostic factors for survival in patients with invasive urinary bladder cancer

The value of clinical prognostic factors for survival in patients with invasive urinary bladder cancer Medicina (Kaunas) 21;46(5):35-314 35 The value of clinical prognostic factors for survival in patients with invasive urinary bladder cancer Jolita Asadauskienė 1, 2, Eduardas Aleknavičius 1, Teresė Pipirienė

More information

Nomogram for Prediction of Prostate Cancer with Serum Prostate Specific Antigen Less than 10 ng/ml

Nomogram for Prediction of Prostate Cancer with Serum Prostate Specific Antigen Less than 10 ng/ml ORIGINAL ARTICLE Oncology & Hematology http://dx.doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2014.29.3.338 J Korean Med Sci 2014; 29: 338-342 Nomogram for Prediction of Prostate Cancer with Serum Prostate Specific Antigen Less

More information

pissn , eissn Open Access Original Article

pissn , eissn Open Access Original Article pissn 1598-2998, eissn 2005-9256 Original Article https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.494 Open Access Re-stratification of Patients with High-Risk Prostate Cancer According to the NCCN Guidelines among Patients

More information

State-of-the-art: vision on the future. Urology

State-of-the-art: vision on the future. Urology State-of-the-art: vision on the future Urology Francesco Montorsi MD FRCS Professor and Chairman Department of Urology San Raffaele Hospital Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan, Italy Disclosures

More information

Vilniaus universiteto Medicinos fakulteto Radiologijos, branduolinės medicinos ir medicinos fizikos katedra 2

Vilniaus universiteto Medicinos fakulteto Radiologijos, branduolinės medicinos ir medicinos fizikos katedra 2 STOROSIOS ŽARNOS VĖŽIO ATRANKINĖS PATIKROS METODAI: KOMPIUTERINĖS TOMOGRAFIJOS KOLONOGRAFIJA, PALYGINTI SU KOLONOSKOPIJA, PACIENTAMS SU TEIGIAMU SLAPTO KRAUJO IŠMATOSE TESTU. PIRMIEJI PALYGINAMIEJI REZULTATAI

More information

Annual Report on Prostate Diseases

Annual Report on Prostate Diseases An except from the HMS 2010 Annual Report on Prostate Diseases. To purchase the full report, visit www.health.harvard.edu/special_health_reports/prostate_disease Harvard Medical School 2010 Annual Report

More information

Management of Prostate Cancer

Management of Prostate Cancer Clinical Decisions Interactive at www.nejm.org Management of Prostate Cancer This interactive feature addresses the diagnosis or management of a clinical case. A case vignette is followed by specific clinical

More information

A biopsy can be avoided in patients with positive DRE and negative MRI. Disagree: Michael Cohen, Chairman, Dept. of Urol. Haemek M.

A biopsy can be avoided in patients with positive DRE and negative MRI. Disagree: Michael Cohen, Chairman, Dept. of Urol. Haemek M. A biopsy can be avoided in patients with positive DRE and negative MRI Disagree: Michael Cohen, Chairman, Dept. of Urol. Haemek M.C, Afula, Israel Financial and Other Disclosures Off-label use of drugs,

More information