Lung Cancer Resection on Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Daniel J. Boffa, MD Yale University

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1 Lung Cancer Resection on Cardiopulmonary Bypass Daniel J. Boffa, MD Yale University

2 None related to talk Disclosures

3 Disclaimers I love operating on CPB

4 Disclaimers I love operating on CPB I avoid it for lung CA

5 Disclaimers I love operating on CPB I avoid it for lung CA Pretty Average Practice

6 Mei J Surg Onc 2012

7 Could vs Should Mei J Surg Onc 2012

8 High Risk Surgery is Reasonable

9 High Risk Surgery is Reasonable Surgery of Unclear Benefit is Reasonable

10 High Risk Surgery is Reasonable Surgery of Unclear Benefit is Reasonable Don t do them in the same patient

11 Is tumor Driver of Demise

12 Is tumor Driver of Demise Tumor = lethal if not removed

13 Driver of Demise Tumor = lethal if not removed Nothing else more rapidly lethal Systemic disease Medical comorbidities

14 6 months after Metastasectomy

15 Patient Selection Complete Staging Metastatic Survey (PET and Brain MRI) Mediastinum (Invasive)* Local invasion (not very accurate)

16 Patient Selection Complete Staging Metastatic Survey (PET and Brain MRI) Mediastinum (Invasive)* Local invasion (not very accurate) Medical Evaluation Global Cardiac

17 Pump Effects

18 Pump Effects

19 Heart Disease and Lung CA Retrospective case series of Coincidental Heart Disease and Lung Cancer (circa 1995) Median sternotomy Vast Majority Lobectomies 80-90% done on CPB or after CPB

20 Open Heart Surg and Lung CA N % Stage I % Op Mort % 5 Yr Survival Rao La Francesca Brutel Voets Miller

21 Open Heart Surg and Lung CA N % Stage I % Op Mort % 5 Yr Survival Rao La Francesca Brutel Voets Miller Average

22 Open Heart Surg and Lung CA N % Stage I % Op Mort % 5 Yr Survival Rao La Francesca Brutel Voets Miller Average

23 Open Heart Surg and Lung CA N % Stage I % Op Mort % 5 Yr Survival Rao La Francesca Brutel Voets Miller Average Relatively Safe

24 Open Heart Surg and Lung CA N % Stage I % Op Mort % 5 Yr Survival Rao La Francesca Brutel Voets Miller Average

25 Open Heart Surg and Lung CA N % Stage I % Op Mort % 5 Yr Survival Rao La Francesca Brutel Voets Miller Average Not Great.71% stage I

26 Pump Effect Cancer Dissemination? Sicker Patients?

27 Timing of CPB and Lobectomy Lobectomy then CPB Brutel de la Riviere EJCTS 1995

28 Stage I: Combined versus Staged Staged (N=6) Combined (N=23) Miller, ATS 1994

29 Toronto: 86% on CPB or After Rao et al Annals Thor Surg1996

30 Summary Open Heart and Lung Ca Reasonably Safe Suggestion of a compromise in survival with CPB Severely confounded by comorbidity

31 Cardiopulmonary Bypass for Lung resection Invasion of heart or great vessels Central Airway tumor

32 Position Optimize CPB and Lung resection Take advantage of CPB Don t lock into CPB Access Keep it out of the way Personnel Anesthesia Cardiac focused surgeon

33 Mei J Surg Onc 2012

34 Mei J Surg Onc 2012

35 CPB Access Arterial Right Chest Femoral Axillary Ascending Aorta Descending Aorta Venous Right Atrium Protection Arterial Left Chest Aorta Femoral Axillary Venous Femoral Vein Pulmonary Artery Protection

36 Bajwa Operative Tech Thor and CV Surg 2010

37 Bajwa Operative Tech Thor and CV Surg 2010

38 Outcomes of CPB for Lung CA Systematic Review patients (20 manuscripts) 84% were stage IIIB (T4 status) Operative mortality 30 day = 0% 90 day = 1% Muralidaran JTCVS 2011

39 Tissues Resected % of total Aorta 43 Left Atrium/pulm veins 25 Pulmonary Artery 11 SVC/IVC/Right Atrium 3 Trachea 3 Other Organs 4 Muralidaran JTCVS 2011

40 Outcomes 100 % Alive Muralidaran JTCVS Years

41 Outcomes % Alive % survival at 5y Muralidaran JTCVS Years

42 Outcomes 100 % Alive Survival for IIIB Muralidaran JTCVS Years

43 Multivariable Analysis Organ Resected (Ao vs other) HR [95% CI] P 1.11 [ ].86 Planned.28 [ ].03 > [ ].24 Muralidaran JTCVS 2011

44 Multivariable Analysis Organ Resected (Ao vs other) HR [95% CI] P 1.11 [ ].86 Planned.28 [ ].03 > [ ].24 Muralidaran JTCVS 2011

45 Driver of Demise Slippery Slope

46

47 - Esophagectomy - Left atrial reconstruction - Left lower lobectomy - Decortication - Muscle flap or window

48 Intra-operative Misadventures

49 Opportunity for On Pump Surgery

50 Surprises at Routine Resection Lymph nodes adherent to PA Stapler misfire (cut - no staples) Staple line or suture line deshiscence Disruption of patent IMA graft

51 Productive Reaction Damage Control Moves Communicate Issue Inform Anesthesiologist Second circulator and scrub Second surgeon Pump Cell saver Blood Bank Heparin

52 Crash On Arterial Right Chest Femoral (Aline)* Ascending Aorta Descending Aorta Venous Right Atrium Protection Arterial Left Chest Aorta Venous Femoral Vein (cordis)* Pulmonary Artery Sucker Bypass Protection

53 Exposure Open if VATS Add Sternotomy (convert to hemiclamshell) Enlarge thoracotomy

54 Outcomes Unplanned Muralidaran JTCVS 2011

55 Ways to avoid CPB Optimal incisions Intrapericardial mobilization Off pump retraction devices to elevate heart Ventilation strategies for tracheal resection

56 Ways to avoid CPB Optimal incisions Intrapericardial mobilization Off pump retraction devices to elevate heart Ventilation strategies for tracheal resection Preoperative cytoreduction? Should not change extent of resection, but may facilitate

57 Cases done without SVC replacement Left atrial resection Right atrial resection Descending Aorta

58 Pericardium

59 Pericardium

60 VERY easy to encircle main Pulmonary Artery

61 VERY easy to encircle main Pulmonary Artery Clamp Trial before staple

62 Good case for pump standby

63 Prepare Access Prep groin Femoral Arterial Line Femoral cordis Do in pump-ready room Pump experienced scrub team

64 Jones, D Oper Tech Thor CV Surg 2009

65

66

67

68 Jones, D Oper Tech Thor CV Surg 2009

69 Jones, D Oper Tech Thor CV Surg 2009

70 Need to Plan for Arch of Azygous

71 PA

72

73

74

75

76 Too much left atrial involvement

77 Banki Oper Tech Thor CV Surg 2007

78

79 Banki Oper Tech Thor CV Surg 2007

80 - Vigilant Suctioning, blood aspiration - Fire Risk from 100% FiO2 Banki Oper Tech Thor CV Surg 2007

81 Banki Oper Tech Thor CV Surg 2007

82 Summary CPB and lung cancer surgery is safe Reasonable Survival in highly select patients driver of their demise Many ways to avoid pump

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