Prophylactic HPV vaccines: Reducing the burden of HPV-related diseases
|
|
- Ashlyn Underwood
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Vaccine 24S1 (2006) S1/23 S1/28 Prophylactic HPV vaccines: Reducing the burden of HPV-related diseases Luisa Lina Villa Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Sao Paulo branch Rua Prof. Antônio Prudente, 109, 4 andar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil Available online 15 September 2005 Abstract HPV-associated diseases, such as cervical and other anogenital cancers, cervical and anal intraepithelial neoplasia, genital warts, and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis confer considerable morbidity and mortality, and are significant health care concerns. Successful vaccination strategies that protect against HPV infection are expected to substantially reduce HPV-related disease burden. Prophylactic HPV vaccines in late stages of clinical testing are composed of HPV L1 capsid protein that self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs) when expressed in recombinant systems. Proof-of-principle trials have suggested that intramuscular injections of VLPs results in strong adaptive immune responses, both B- and T-cell mediated, that are capable of neutralizing subsequent natural infections. Furthermore, phase 2 trials of a bivalent vaccine designed to protect against high-risk HPV types 16 and 18 and a quadrivalent vaccine designed to protect against HPV 16 and 18, and low-risk, genital wart-causing HPV 6 and 11 have demonstrated that VLP vaccines reduce the incidence of HPV-associated disease in vaccinated individuals. To derive the greatest public health benefit, HPV vaccines offering protection from cervical cancer and genital warts will, ideally, be administered prior to the initiation of sexual activity; therefore, educational initiatives will be essential to communicate the risks and adverse consequences of HPV infection and to foster widespread vaccine acceptance Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: HPV; Cervical cancer; Genital warts; VLP vaccines; Vaccination; Cervical dysplasia 1. Introduction Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. Clinical manifestations of HPV infection are exceedingly common, and subclinical infection is widespread. One in 100 sexually active Americans has clinically apparent genital warts [1], and 8% of college-aged women have Pap test abnormalities indicative of infection with HPV [2]. When polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis is used to detect evidence of HPV infection, the prevalence becomes substantially higher: 46% of women in one sample [1] and 33% of men in another [3] were diagnosed as HPV positive. The highest incidence of HPV infection is consistently found in sexually active women less than 25 years of age; this holds true even when adjustments Tel.: ; fax: address: llvilla@ludwig.org.br. are made for number of sexual partners [1]. Furthermore, while condoms may offer some protection against HPV [4], because the virus is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact, they may not fully prevent infection. In support of this hypothesis, HPV DNA has been reported in approximately 20% of women who have never had vaginal intercourse [5], suggesting that abstaining from penetrative intercourse is not completely protective against infection. Thus, a majority of the population is at risk for acquiring HPV; the lifetime risk of HPV infection for sexually active males and females is approximately 50% [1]. Papillomaviruses are epitheliotropic viruses present in the skin and mucosa of several animals. In humans, more than 100 types have been described. Mucosal and genital HPVs, consisting of about 30 types, are divided into low-risk (HPV 6, 11, 40, 42, 43, 44, 54, 61, 70, 72, 81) and high-risk (HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 66, 73, and 82), according to their presence in malignant lesions of the cervix [6]. The X/$ see front matter 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi: /j.vaccine
2 S1/24 L.L. Villa / Vaccine 24S1 (2006) S1/23 S1/28 four HPV types implicated in the majority of HPV-related diseases have been the focus of vaccine development efforts. HPV 6 and 11 are low-risk types associated with the majority of cases of genital warts, and HPV 16 and 18 are high-risk types implicated in approximately 50% of cases of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), invasive cancer at a variety of anogenital sites [1], and 60 72% of cervical cancers [7]. Cervical cancer is the leading female malignancy in many developing countries. Every year, persistent HPV infection results in nearly 500,000 cases of cervical cancer. Furthermore, screening programs and treatment for precancerous states are a major economic burden in developed countries [7]. While cervical cancer screening reduces mortality from cervical neoplasia, it does not prevent HPV infection or development of pre-cancerous lesions, such as high-grade CIN 2/3 or persistent low-grade lesions (CIN 1), all of which may require treatment. Although cervical cancer is the cancer most frequently associated with HPV, HPV is also implicated in many anal, perianal, vulvar, and penile cancers, as well as approximately 20% of oropharyngeal cancers [8]. Genital warts, although not malignant, are associated with significant psychosocial morbidity and typically require multiple physician visits for diagnosis and treatment [9,10]. Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, a disease that can affect the children of women with HPV infection, is rare but, together with ongoing surgical interventions required to maintain an open airway, can cause chronic inflammation, permanent vocal cord damage, and significant childhood morbidity and mortality [11]. A vaccine that is formulated to protect against the most common disease-causing HPV types would be expected to reduce the morbidity, mortality, and cost burden of HPV associated diseases. Vaccines in clinical development are based upon recombinant HPV capsids, termed virus-like particles (VLPs), formed by heterologous expression of the major capsid protein L1 in yeast or insect cells. Purified VLPs are morphologically identical to natural HPV virions and have been shown to produce type-specific antibody responses in both animal and human models [12 14]. Because VLPs do not contain viral genetic material, there is no risk of oncogenic progression or productive infection associated with vaccination [15,16]. 2. Monovalent proof-of-principle vaccine trials Randomized, placebo-controlled proof-of-principle trials of monovalent vaccines for HPV types 11, 16, and 18 have been performed to determine the safety of vaccine formulations, as well as the immunogenicity of VLPs in humans [17 21]. Each study measured anti-hpv antibody titers before, during, and after vaccination. Overall, HPV VLPs induced high levels of antibodies at concentrations much higher than those found during naturally occurring infections (Fig. 1). Nearly all vaccine recipients seroconverted to anti- HPV positive, and produced antibodies that were capable of Fig. 1. Serum antibody titers in response to vaccination with an HPV 11 VLP vaccine. Arrows indicate vaccinations [19]. neutralizing VLPs in vitro [18 21]. Furthermore, between 24 and 52% of women who received an HPV 11 vaccine, and 5 10% of women who received an HPV 16 vaccine showed measurable levels of the appropriate HPV antibody in cervicovaginal secretions [20]. This number is far smaller than the number of women who developed serum antibodies and was not strongly correlated with the level of serum antibodies. Research is ongoing to determine the factors that contribute to this desirable effect. In addition, the levels of activated HPV-specific T cells were far higher in vaccinated individuals than in individuals naturally infected with HPV [19]. This result suggests that vaccination with VLPs may induce adaptive immune responses that are superior to those induced by natural infection, and provided strong grounds to continue VLP vaccination studies. Moreover, in a placebo-controlled study, an HPV 16 L1 VLP vaccine was shown to be 100% efficacious in preventing HPV 16-related CIN through 17 months following vaccination in women who were HPV 16-naïve at the time of vaccination [22]. Across these trials, the most common side effects were pain at the injection-site and injection-site reactions. Pain was frequently associated with both placebo and active immunizations [19 22]. Pain was also more common with an MF59 adjuvant than with an aluminum adjuvant or no adjuvant [21]. Injection-site reactions occurred in both placebo and active agent inoculations [19 22], although the tendency was for such reactions to be more common in the vaccine group [17] and at higher doses of vaccine [20,21]. Serious adverse events were extremely rare and judged to be unrelated to vaccine [17,19 22]. Since many types of HPV cause disease in the mucosal epithelium, and the immune response to HPV is thought to be mainly type specific [16], the utility of vaccination can be greatly increased by combining VLPs into multivalent vaccines that provide protection against multiple HPV types.
3 L.L. Villa / Vaccine 24S1 (2006) S1/23 S1/28 S1/25 3. Clinical trials of polivalent vaccines 3.1. Bivalent vaccine for prevention of cervical cancer Phase 2 testing of a bivalent HPV 16/18 vaccine aimed at preventing cervical cancer took place in North America and Brazil [23]. Subjects were healthy women aged years with a history of 6 male sexual partners, and were seronegative for HPV types 16 and 18 and HPV DNA negative for 14 high-risk types at study entry. Each dose of vaccine consisted of 20 g of HPV 16 L1 VLP, 20 g of HPV 18 L1 VLP, both produced in insect cells, and 500 g of aluminum hydroxide and 50 g of 3-deacylated monophosphoryl lipid A as an adjuvant (AS04); the placebo contained only AS04. Placebo (n = 553) or vaccine (n = 560) was administered by intramuscular injection at 0, 1, and 6 months. To assess immunogenicity, serum was collected at 0, 1, 6, 7, 12, and 18 months. HPV DNA testing was conducted at 0, 6, 12, and 18 months, and self-obtained cervicovaginal samples were requested at months 0 and 6, and then every 3 months. Eighty five percent of participants (n = 958) completed the trial through month 18. The few study dropouts were minimal and equally distributed between the vaccine and placebo groups. The randomized, double-blind controlled study found the HPV 16/18 L1 VLP vaccine effective at preventing both incident (one positive PCR test) and persistent (at least two positive PCR tests for the same HPV type, separated by at least 6 months) HPV 16 and HPV 18 infections. The vaccine was 75.2% (95% CI, ; P <.0001) and 59.5% (95% CI, ; P =.005) effective at preventing incident HPV 16 and HPV 18 infection, respectively, in the intent-to-treat cohort. Efficacy was higher in the smaller according-to-protocol cohort: 81.2% (95% CI, ; P <.0001) against HPV 16 and 65.1% (95% CI, ; P =.021) against HPV 18. The vaccine was more effective in preventing persistent infection: 84.5% (95% CI, ; P <.0001) for HPV 16 and 91.1% for HPV 18 (95% CI, ; P =.003) in the modified intent-to-treat population, and 100% for both HPV 16 and HPV 18 in the according-to-protocol population (95% CI, ; P =.0002; and 95% CI, ; P =.040, respectively). In addition, HPV 16-/18-associated cytological abnormalities were significantly less common in the vaccine group than in the placebo group, with a calculated efficacy of 92.9% (95% CI, ; P <.0001) (Fig. 2). This bivalent vaccine was very safe, and the adverse events were both mild and transient. The vaccine group had significantly more injection-site reactions than did the placebo group, but these symptoms were observed to be transient and mild. General symptoms such as fatigue, gastrointestinal complaints, headache, itching, and rash, were equally distributed between the placebo and vaccine groups. Discontinuations were not attributed to adverse events related to the vaccine [23]. Fig. 2. Intention to treat efficacy of a bivalent vaccine that protects against HPV 16 and 18 [23] Quadrivalent vaccine for prevention of cervical cancer and genital warts Results of a phase 2 randomized double-blind placebocontrolled trial have also been reported for a quadrivalent vaccine designed to protect against the most common HPV types associated with both genital warts (HPV types 6 and 11) and cervical cancer (HPV types 16 and 18) [24]. Subjects were healthy female residents of Brazil, Europe, and the United States between the ages of 16 and 23 years with a history of 4 sexual partners. Women with prior HPV infection were not excluded. Study participants received either quadrivalent vaccine (20 g of HPV type 6, 40 g of HPV type 11, 40 g of HPV type 16, and 20 g of HPV type 18, with aluminum adjuvant; n = 277) or placebo (n = 275), at day 1, month 2, and month 6. Gynecologic exams were performed at day 1 and months 7, 12, 24, and 36; external genital, lateral vaginal, and cervical swabs for type specific PCR analysis were obtained at day 1 and months 7, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36; and serum samples were taken at day 1 and months 2, 3, 6, 7, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36. In addition, all subjects underwent colposcopy at the end of the study. Study dropout was low and similar between placebo (5.5%) and vaccination (7.6%) groups. In addition to consistently producing high levels of antibodies much higher than those found in individuals with a history of infection the quadrivalent vaccine was overall 90% effective at preventing persistent infection with HPV types 6, 11, 16, or 18 and associated genital disease in the per-protocol cohort (P <.001; 95% CI, 71 97). Similar efficacy against infection or disease was reported in the modified intent-to-treat cohort (89%; 95% CI, 73 96). Specifically, in the modified intent-to-treat population, the vaccine was 88% effective at preventing persistent infection (P <.0001) and 100% effective at preventing histologically proven disease associated with HPV types 6, 11, 16, or 18 (P =.0009)
4 S1/26 L.L. Villa / Vaccine 24S1 (2006) S1/23 S1/28 4. Cost-benefit analysis of HPV vaccination Fig. 3. Modified intention to treat efficacy of a quadrivalent vaccine that protects against HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18 [24]. (Fig. 3). No external genital lesions were found in the modified intent-to-treat cohort who received vaccine, although the study was not powered to determine if this outcome was significant [24]. These results are encouraging given that intent-to-treat cohorts are generally a more real-world representation of vaccine efficacy, and strongly suggest that multivalent vaccines have the potential to substantially reduce HPV-associated disease. The quadrivalent vaccine was well tolerated. Injectionsite reactions were more common in women receiving active vaccine injection, with injection-site pain being the most common adverse event. Headache was the most frequent systemic adverse event. The vast majority of adverse events were mild or moderate (94%), and there were no vaccine-related serious adverse events. Only one patient discontinued treatment due to an adverse event, and this patient was in the placebo group. Both of these vaccine studies were restricted to young women. From a public health perspective, young women who have yet to become sexually active would be the ideal target population for vaccination. In addition, men would also benefit from the quadrivalent vaccine because they are susceptible to genital warts, can serve as vectors for HPV types associated with cervical cancer, and can develop penile, scrotal, and anal cancer, which, similar to cervical cancer, are strongly associated with HPV. In addition, more information is needed to determine when, if ever, booster vaccines will be required so that immunity can be sustained throughout an individual s sexual life. More than 25,000 men and women from across the globe were recruited to participate in phase 3 safety and efficacy studies of the quadrivalent vaccine [25], and results are expected be become available by the end of Data from the Females United to Universally Reduce Endo-ectocervical disease (FUTURE II) trial were recently released: the quadrivalent HPV vaccine was 100% effective at preventing HPV 16/18-associated CIN 2/3, AIS, and cervical cancer over two years of follow-up [26]. Potential reductions in disease and the cost-benefit ratio of HPV vaccines can be assessed via mathematical models that combine known factors, such as disease prevalence and cost, with estimates of unknown variables, such as vaccine efficacy or length of vaccine-induced immunity. Multiple publications have used this approach and come to similar conclusions in modeling the cost-benefit ratio of an HPV vaccine to prevent cervical cancer [27 30]. However, these models do not include reductions in HPV-associated, non-cervical anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers that may occur with widespread administration of an HPV vaccine. If an HPV vaccine has a high efficacy rate and immunity is maintained for several years, vaccinating women earlier in adolescence is predicted to be the best strategy for reducing HPV infections and HPV-associated disease. It is estimated that the lifetime incidence of cervical cancers would decrease by more than half if an early vaccination program is implemented [27]. Vaccinating men in addition to women may further reduce the incidence of cervical cancers. If booster shots are eliminated from the model, or if the vaccine is revealed to have a rapid decline in efficacy, it becomes even more advantageous to vaccinate young men [27]. Regardless of vaccine efficacy and the window of immunity, it is crucial to vaccinate individuals before they become sexually active. Mathematical models have been designed to evaluate the cost-benefit of an HPV vaccine using vaccination cost estimates of $200 $300 plus an additional $100 for booster shot [27 29]. Using these hypothetical numbers as a starting point, cost/quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) of a vaccine administered to early adolescent girls and accompanied by a booster shot 10 years later would be considerably lower than the cost/life-year (LY) of the annual Pap test currently recommended to detect cervical cancer ($14,583/QALY versus $166,000/LY) [27]. However, an HPV vaccine would not completely eliminate the need for Pap tests because Pap tests would still be required to detect cervical cancers caused by non-vaccine HPV types. Cost-effectiveness of the vaccine will rely heavily on its ability to delay screening initiation and to extend the interval between screenings [30]. Mathematical modeling suggests that the most effective strategy with a cost-effectiveness ratio of less than $60,000 would be vaccination of females at age 12 with triennial cytologic screening starting at age 25. Such an approach is estimated to reduce the overall lifetime cervical cancer risk by 94% compared with no intervention. The estimate is based on 70% vaccine efficacy; if the vaccine efficacy were greater, the frequency of cytologic screening could decrease correspondingly [30]. Other models with slightly different parameters have suggested similar solutions at similar costs [29] (Fig. 4). These models do not address potential cost reductions for both the treatment of cervical cancer and genital warts. Genital warts, although not life threatening, are exceedingly common, and carry significant costs as well as psychosocial morbidity and stigma. Furthermore, a mother with genital
5 L.L. Villa / Vaccine 24S1 (2006) S1/23 S1/28 S1/27 Fig. 4. Biennial screening at age 18 years compared with vaccination at age 12 years followed up by biennial screening beginning at age 24 years. Shaded areas indicate combinations of HPV vaccine duration and cost in which vaccination plus delayed screening is less costly and more effective than screening only beginning at age 18 years. Unshaded areas indicate combinations of vaccine duration and cost in which vaccination plus delayed screening is more costly and more effective than screening only beginning at age 18 years. Lines indicate specific incremental cost-effectiveness ratios associated with vaccination plus delayed screening [29]. warts may infect her child during childbirth, causing recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). Treatments for RRP are often associated with multiple surgeries and can be associated with mortality. A vaccine that combines protection from both genital warts and anogenital cancer may further decrease the need for doctor visits by eliminating the need to diagnose and treat the condition. In the case of genital warts, multiple courses of treatments are usually required because recurrence within the first few months after treatment is common [10]. Indeed, a vaccine that protects against genital warts may confer greater pharmacoeconomic and public health benefit than one that does not. 5. Fostering HPV vaccine acceptance The best vaccine is of no use unless it is correctly administered to the individuals that would benefit most. HPV vaccines may offer several distinct challenges, many of which have to do with the ideal age for vaccination. Adolescents visit doctors infrequently and the HPV vaccination will most likely require three distinct visits. In addition, among those individuals who do have adequate access to health care resources, there will be the dual challenge of educating health care practitioners about the importance of recommending the vaccine and gaining parental acceptance and consent. In particular, pediatricians will play key roles in administering HPV vaccines and fostering vaccine acceptance. Educational efforts directed towards pediatricians should stress the prevalence of HPV infection among adolescents and young adults, the dangers associated with HPV infection, and the potential benefits of becoming vaccinated. Vaccine acceptance is largely determined by health beliefs, such as the individual s perceived susceptibility to the disease; vaccine characteristics, such as cost and efficacy; and obstacles to obtaining the vaccine [31]. Health perceptions are expected to play a major role in the acceptance of HPV vaccine, as is the fact that the vaccine raises the morally and politically charged issue of adolescent sexual behavior. Parents and physicians, as well as some political and religious groups, may oppose vaccination on moral grounds, believing that such vaccinations condone or encourage sexual activity. Such arguments are frequently used to argue against school-based condom distribution, despite evidence to the contrary [31]. For the adolescents themselves, accepting HPV vaccines may be viewed as an acknowledgment of sexual activity [31]. Parental consent will likely be required, which will be problematic for those adolescents who feel uncomfortable or unable to discuss sexual issues with their parents [31]. Health care practitioners may not consider the future sexual health of early-adolescent patients, although the emergence of the hepatitis B vaccine may have raised awareness about the need to consider sexual health prior to initiation of activity. Physician attitudes are extremely influential to both parents and adolescents, and perception that the physician regards the HPV vaccine as important and recommended will be a critical step towards vaccine acceptance [32]. 6. Summary HPV VLP vaccines that protect against the most common disease-causing HPV types are in late stages of clinical development and will become available in the near future. Results from phase 2 and 3 clinical trials have suggested that HPV vaccines are safe, highly immunogenic, and protect against incident and persistent infection, as well as HPV-associated diseases. These vaccines are expected to offer a cost-effective means for dramatically reducing the morbidity and mortality of cervical/anogenital cancers and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, as well as the emotional and economic burdens of abnormal Pap tests and genital warts. Widespread vaccine acceptance will require the combined efforts of policy makers, health care providers, and parents to fully realize the potential public health benefits of mass vaccination. Indeed, education of physicians, parents, and adolescents will be crucial for delivering HPV vaccines to target populations during the window of highest vaccine efficacy, prior to sexual debut. References [1] Koutsky L. Epidemiology of genital human papillomavirus infection. Am J Med 1997;102:3 8. [2] Kiviat NB, Koutsky LA, Paavonen JA, Galloway DA, Critchlow CW, Beckmann AM, et al. Prevalence of genital papillomavirus infection among women attending a college student health clinic or a sexually transmitted disease clinic. J Infect Dis 1989;159:
6 S1/28 L.L. Villa / Vaccine 24S1 (2006) S1/23 S1/28 [3] Weaver BA, Feng Q, Holmes KK, Kiviat N, Lee SK, Meyer C, et al. Evaluation of genital sites and sampling techniques for detection of human papillomavirus DNA in men. J Infect Dis 2004;189: [4] Winer RL, Hughes JP, Feng Q, O Reilly S, Kiviat NB, Koutsky LA. The effect of consistent condom use on the risk of gential HPV infection among newly sexually active young women. Paper presented at The 16 biennial meeting of the International Society for Sexually Transmitted Disease Research. Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 2005 [abstract MP-120]. [5] Ley C, Bauer HM, Reingold A, Schiffman MH, Chambers JC, Tashiro CJ, et al. Determinants of genital human papillomavirus infection in young women. J Natl Cancer Inst 1991;83: [6] Munoz N, Bosch FX, de Sanjose S, Herrero R, Castellsague X, Shah KV, et al. Epidemiologic classification of human papillomavirus types associated with cervical cancer. N Engl J Med 2003;348: [7] Bosch FX, de Sanjose S. Chapter 1: Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer-burden and assessment of causality. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2003;31:3 13. [8] zur Hausen H. Papillomaviruses causing cancer: evasion from hostcell control in early events in carcinogenesis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000;92: [9] Linnehan MJ, Groce NE. Counseling and educational interventions for women with genital human papillomavirus infection. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2000;14: [10] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines; Accessed available at: [11] Armstrong LR, Preston EJ, Reichert M, Phillips DL, Nisenbaum R, Todd NW, et al. Incidence and prevalence of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis among children in Atlanta and Seattle. Clin Infect Dis 2000;31: [12] Pastrana DV, Vass WC, Lowy DR, Schiller JT. NHPV16 VLP vaccine induces human antibodies that neutralize divergent variants of HPV16. Virology 2001;279: [13] Breitburd F, Kirnbauer R, Hubbert NL, Nonnenmacher B, Trin-Dinh- Desmarquet C, Orth G, et al. Immunization with viruslike particles from cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) can protect against experimental CRPV infection. J Virol 1995;69: [14] Christensen ND, Reed CA, Cladel NM, Han R, Kreider JW. Immunization with viruslike particles induces long-term protection of rabbits against challenge with cottontail rabbit papillomavirus. J Virol 1996;70: [15] Jansen KU, Shaw AR. Human papillomavirus vaccines and prevention of cervical cancer. Annu Rev Med 2004;55: [16] Lowy DR, Frazer IH. Prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccines. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2003:111 6 [chapter 16]. [17] Ault KA, Giuliano AR, Edwards RP, Tamms G, Kim LL, Smith JF, et al. A phase I study to evaluate a human papillomavirus (HPV) type 18 L1 VLP vaccine. Vaccine 2004;22: [18] Brown DR, Bryan JT, Schroeder JM, Robinson TS, Fife KH, Wheeler CM, et al. Neutralization of human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV-11) by serum from women vaccinated with yeast-derived HPV-11 L1 virus-like particles: correlation with competitive radioimmunoassay titer. J Infect Dis 2001;184: [19] Evans TG, Bonnez W, Rose RC, Koenig S, Demeter L, Suzich JA, et al. A Phase 1 study of a recombinant viruslike particle vaccine against human papillomavirus type 11 in healthy adult volunteers. J Infect Dis 2001;183: [20] Fife KH, Wheeler CM, Koutsky LA, Barr E, Brown DR, Schiff MA, et al. Dose-ranging studies of the safety and immunogenicity of human papillomavirus Type 11 and Type 16 virus-like particle candidate vaccines in young healthy women. Vaccine 2004;22: [21] Harro CD, Pang YY, Roden RB, Hildesheim A, Wang Z, Reynolds MJ, et al. Safety and immunogenicity trial in adult volunteers of a human papillomavirus 16 L1 virus-like particle vaccine. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001;93: [22] Koutsky LA, Ault KA, Wheeler CM, Brown DR, Barr E, Alvarez FB, et al. A controlled trial of a human papillomavirus type 16 vaccine. N Engl J Med 2002;347: [23] Harper DM, Franco EL, Wheeler C, Ferris DG, Jenkins D, Schuind A, et al. Efficacy of a bivalent L1 virus-like particle vaccine in prevention of infection with human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in young women: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2004;364: [24] Villa LL, Costa RL, Petta CA, Andrade RP, Ault KA, Giuliano AR, et al. Prophylactic quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types and 18) L1 virus-like particle vaccine in young women: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled multicentre phase II efficacy trial. Lancet Oncol 2005;6: [25] Gardasil TM, Merck s Investigational Cervical Cancer Vaccine, Produced High Anti-HPV Immune Response in Adolescents. Merck Press Release. Available at: releases/research and development/ html. Accessed May 19 and August 12, [26] Skjeldestad FE, FUTURE II steering committee. Prophylactic quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) (types 6, 11, 16, 18) L1 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine (Gardasil TM ) reduces cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2/3 risk. Presented at: Infectious Disease Society of America 43rd Annual Meeting; 2005; San Francisco, Calif. Abstract LB-8a. Available at: org/template.cfm?section=program2&contentid=14108& TEMPLATE=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm. Accessed January 16, [27] Taira AV. Evaluating human papillomavirus vaccination programs. Emerg Infect Dis 2004;10: [28] Sanders GD, Taira AV. Cost-effectiveness of a potential vaccine for human papillomavirus. Emerg Infect Dis 2003;9: [29] Kulasingam SL, Myers ER. Potential health and economic impact of adding a human papillomavirus vaccine to screening programs. JAMA 2003;290: [30] Goldie SJ, Kohli M, Grima D, Weinstein MC, Wright TC, Bosch FX, et al. Projected clinical benefits and cost-effectiveness of a human papillomavirus 16/18 vaccine. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004;96: [31] Zimet GD, Mays RM, Fortenberry JD. Vaccines against sexually transmitted infections: promise and problems of the magic bullets for prevention and control. Sex Transm Dis 2000;27: [32] Zimet GD, Mays RM, Winston Y, Kee R, Dickes J, Su L. Acceptability of human papillomavirus immunization. J Womens Health Gend Based Med 2000;9:47 50.
Prevention strategies against the human papillomavirus: The effectiveness of vaccination
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Gynecologic Oncology 107 (2007) S19 S23 www.elsevier.com/locate/ygyno Prevention strategies against the human papillomavirus: The effectiveness of vaccination
More informationClinical Study Reducing the Health Burden of HPV Infection Through Vaccination
Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology Volume 2006, Article ID 83084, Pages 1 5 DOI 10.1155/IDOG/2006/83084 Clinical Study Reducing the Health Burden of HPV Infection Through Vaccination David
More information2 HPV E1,E2,E4,E5,E6,E7 L1,L2 E6,E7 HPV HPV. Ciuffo Shope Jablonska HPV Zur Hausen HPV HPV16. HPV-genome.
58 2 pp.155-164 2008 2. HPV 20 HPV HPV HPV HPV HPV L1 HPV-DNA 16/18 2 HPV16 /18 6/11 4 2 100 1 Ciuffo 1907 20 Shope 1933 Raus 1934 20 70 Jablonska HPV Orth HPV5 8 1983 zur Hausen HPV16 1 HPV-genome 920-8641
More informationINTRODUCTION HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS
INTRODUCTION HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS Professor Anna-Lise Williamson Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur Hospital
More informationAn update on the Human Papillomavirus Vaccines. I have no financial conflicts of interest. Case 1. Objectives 10/26/2016
An update on the Human Papillomavirus Vaccines Karen Smith-McCune Professor, UCSF Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences John Kerner Endowed Chair I have no financial conflicts
More informationThe promise of HPV vaccines for Cervical (and other genital cancer) prevention
The promise of HPV vaccines for Cervical (and other genital cancer) prevention CONTROVERSIES IN OBSTETRICS GYNECOLOGY & INFERTILITY Barcelona March 27 F. Xavier Bosch Catalan Institute of Oncology CURRENT
More informationHUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINES AND CERVICAL CANCER
HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINES AND CERVICAL CANCER Virology The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a relatively small virus, belonging to the family Papillomaviridae, containing circular double-stranded DNA
More informationPathology of the Cervix
Pathology of the Cervix Thomas C. Wright Pathology of the Cervix Topics to Consider Burden of cervical cancer 1 Invasive Cervical Cancer Cervical cancer in world Second cause of cancer death in women Leading
More informationSCCPS Scientific Committee Position Paper on HPV Vaccination
SCCPS Scientific Committee Position Paper on HPV Vaccination Adapted from Joint Statement (March 2011) of the: Obstetrical & Gynaecological Society of Singapore (OGSS) Society for Colposcopy and Cervical
More informationA Short Review on Human Papillomavirus Vaccines
A Short Review on Human Papillomavirus Vaccines KF TAM MRCOG HYS NGAN FRCOG Division of Gynaecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong,
More informationFocus. A case. I have no conflicts of interest. HPV Vaccination: Science and Practice. Collaborative effort with Karen Smith-McCune, MD, PhD 2/19/2010
HPV Vaccination: Science and Practice George F. Sawaya, MD Professor Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Director, Colposcopy Clinic,
More informationStrategies for HPV Vaccination in the Developing World
Coalition to STOP Cervical Cancer Governing Council ISSUE BRIEF Strategies for HPV Vaccination in the Developing World Introduction HPV vaccine represents an important opportunity to significantly reduce
More informationProphylactic HPV Vaccines. Margaret Stanley Department of Pathology Cambridge
Prophylactic HPV Vaccines Margaret Stanley Department of Pathology Cambridge 8kb double stranded DNA viruses, absolutely host and tissue specific, Can t grow virus in tissue culture Classified by genotype
More informationThe Korean Journal of Cytopathology 15 (1) : 17-27, 2004
5 The Korean Journal of Cytopathology 5 () : 7-7, / 5 / / (human papillomavirus, HPV), 6%, 5% HPV. HPV HPV. HPV HPV,,5 HPV HPV. HPV, 6 HPV. HPV HPV International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) HPV
More informationwarts or papillomas in the upper respiratory tract, particularly the larynx, and that is associated with extensive morbidity (Table 1). RISK FACTORS G
CONCISE REVIEW FOR CLINICIANS HPV AND VACCINATION Human Papillomavirus and Vaccination CHRISTINE M. HUANG, MD On completion of this article, you should be able to (1) review pathophysiology and transmission
More informationHPV vaccination: the promise & problems
Review Article Indian J Med Res 130, September 2009, pp 322-326 vaccination: the promise & problems R. Sankaranarayanan Screening Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France Received
More informationChapter 13: Current findings from prophylactic HPV vaccine trials
Vaccine 24S3 (2006) S3/114 S3/121 Chapter 13: Current findings from prophylactic HPV vaccine trials Laura A. Koutsky a,, Diane M. Harper b a Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University
More informationProphylactic human papillomavirus vaccines
Review series Prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccines Douglas R. Lowy and John T. Schiller Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland,
More informationSupplementary Appendix
Supplementary Appendix This appendix has been provided by the authors to give readers additional information about their work. Supplement to: Garland SM, Hernandez-Avila M, Wheeler CM, et al. Quadrivalent
More informationEpidemiology and Natural History of Human Papillomavirus Infections in the Female Genital Tract
Epidemiology and Natural History of Human Papillomavirus Infections in the Female Genital Tract Kevin Ault, Emory University Journal Title: Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology Volume: Volume
More informationWhat is the Safety and Efficacy of Vaccinating the Male Gender to Prevent HPV Related Neoplastic Disorders in Both the Male and Female Genders
Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine DigitalCommons@PCOM PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship Student Dissertations, Theses and Papers 2011 What is the Safety and Efficacy of Vaccinating
More informationHPV Epidemiology and Natural History
HPV Epidemiology and Natural History Rachel Winer, PhD, MPH Associate Professor Department of Epidemiology University of Washington School of Public Health rlw@uw.edu Human Papillomavirus (HPV) DNA virus
More informationCOLLEGE WOMEN S PERCEPTIONS OF HPV VACCINES AND THEIR PERCEIVED BARRIERS TO ADOPTION OF VACCINATION
COLLEGE WOMEN S PERCEPTIONS OF HPV VACCINES AND THEIR PERCEIVED BARRIERS TO ADOPTION OF VACCINATION Pacific Global Health Conference October 10, 2012 L. Yoda, A. Katz, D. Nahl, D. Streveler, R. Busse &
More informationHPV vaccine perspectives Dr. David Prado Cohrs
HPV vaccine perspectives Dr. David Prado Cohrs Universidad Francisco Marroquín, Guatemala President of the Sexually Transmitted Diseases Committee, SLIPE Disclosure statement The presenter has received
More informationFREQUENCY AND RISK FACTORS OF CERVICAL Human papilloma virus INFECTION
Arch. Biol. Sci., Belgrade, 66 (4), 1653-1658, 2014 DOI:10.2298/ABS1404653M FREQUENCY AND RISK FACTORS OF CERVICAL Human papilloma virus INFECTION IN WOMEN IN MONTENEGRO GORDANA MIJOVIĆ 1, TATJANA JOVANOVIĆ
More informationCommonly asked questions on human papillomavirus vaccine
Hong Kong J. Dermatol. Venereol. (2008) 16, 12-17 Review Article Commonly asked questions on human papillomavirus vaccine PKS Chan Recently, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been attracting the attention
More informationWho Should and Who Should Not Be Vaccinated Against Human Papillomavirus Infection?
CERVICAL CANCER REVIEW Who Should and Who Should Not Be Vaccinated Against Human Papillomavirus Infection? Jorma Paavonen, MD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu
More informationThe Global Burden of HPV Related Cancers and Their Prevention
The Global Burden of HPV Related Cancers and Their Prevention What Every Doctor Should Know! Dr. Adrian Lear, MD Conflict of Interest Disclosure I have no financial relations with any commercial entity
More informationLargest efficacy trial of a cervical cancer vaccine showed Cervarix protects against the five most common cancercausing
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Largest efficacy trial of a cervical cancer vaccine showed Cervarix protects against the five most common cancercausing virus types Published in The Lancet: Additional efficacy could
More informationCERVICAL CANCER VACCINE DEVELOPMENT
Sexual Health for Marian Saville due 30 th November. CERVICAL CANCER VACCINE DEVELOPMENT Ian H Frazer The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba
More informationUp date. sexually transmission HPV HPV HPV. high-risk HPV HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 66, 68 HPV
Up date Kei Kawana HPV HPV HPV HPV HPV6, 11 HPV HPV HPV vaccine preventable diseasevpd HPV HPV HPV DNA 8 HPV 100 genomic type HPV HPV HPV HPV HPV 1 sexually transmission HPV HPV 2 HPV high-riskhpv HPV16,
More informationIn February 2007, the National Advisory Committee on
ADULT INFECTIOUS DISEASE NOTES The human papillomavirus vaccine: The promise of cervical cancer prevention BL Johnston MD 1, JM Conly MD 2 In February 2007, the National Advisory Committee on Immunization
More informationQuick Reference: Immunization Communication Tool For Immunizers HPV 2010
Quick Reference: Immunization Communication Tool For Immunizers HPV 2010 Are young girls being used as guinea pigs for an unproven vaccine? Client knowledge NO. In both clinical trials conducted for the
More informationVaccine 26S (2008) F3 F15. Contents lists available at ScienceDirect. Vaccine. journal homepage:
Vaccine 26S (2008) F3 F15 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Vaccine journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/vaccine Review Evolution of the health economics of cervical cancer vaccination Nicole
More informationPRODUCT INFORMATION GARDASIL 9. [Human Papillomavirus 9-valent (Types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58) vaccine, Recombinant]
PRODUCT INFORMATION GARDASIL 9 [Human Papillomavirus 9-valent (Types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58) vaccine, Recombinant] DESCRIPTION GARDASIL 9 *, Human Papillomavirus 9-valent Vaccine, Recombinant,
More informationAt the completion of this activity, participants will be better able to : 72 years (women) Pseudovirion based vaccines.
At the completion of this activity, participants will be better able to : 1. Assess the potential effect of HPV infection 2. Identify HPV serotypes associated with particular cancers and genital warts
More informationT he ability to generate human papillomavirus
COMMENTARY 961 Prophylactic HPV vaccines... Prophylactic HPV vaccines Margaret Stanley... Two HPV L1 VLP vaccines have been developed, providing protection for at least 5 years and reducing the risk of
More informationOpinion: Cervical cancer a vaccine preventable disease
Opinion: Cervical cancer a vaccine preventable disease Leon Snyman Principal specialist at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gynaecological Oncology unit, University of Pretoria and Kalafong
More informationHuman Papillomavirus. Kathryn Thiessen, ARNP, ACRN The Kansas AIDS Education and Training Center The University of Kansas School of Medicine Wichita
Human Papillomavirus Kathryn Thiessen, ARNP, ACRN The Kansas AIDS Education and Training Center The University of Kansas School of Medicine Wichita What is Genital HPV Infection Human papillomavirus is
More informationHPV Vaccination Rates
HPV Vaccination Rates Jennifer E. Dietrich MD, MSc Fellowship Director Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department
More informationOPPORTUNISTIC HPV VACCINATION: AN EXPANDED VISION
OPPORTUNISTIC HPV VACCINATION: AN EXPANDED VISION SUMMARY POSITION Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is preventable but not adequately prevented. At present, Canada has a robust school vaccination program
More informationHIV-infected men and women. Joel Palefsky, M.D. University of California, San Francisco
Anal cytology and anal cancer in HIV-infected men and women. Joel Palefsky, M.D. University of California, San Francisco April 10, 2010 Disclosures Merck and Co: Research grant support, advisory boards
More informationBattle against Human Papilloma Virus (HPV): Expanded Vaccine Recommendations
Battle against Human Papilloma Virus (HPV): Expanded Vaccine Recommendations Sean W. Clark, Pharm.D. PGY-2 Ambulatory Care Resident Duquesne University and The Center for Pharmacy Care I have no relevant
More informationHPV Vaccination: Myths and Misconceptions
Session III: HPV Surveillance and vaccines Lima, December 1, 2009 HPV Vaccination: Myths and Misconceptions Eduardo L. Franco James McGill Professor Departments of Oncology and Epidemiology & Biostatistics
More informationQuadrivalent Human Papillomavirus (Types 6, 11, 16, 18) Recombinant Vaccine (Gardasil Ò )
ADIS DRUG EVALUATION Drugs 2010; 70 (18): 2449-2474 0012-6667/10/0018-2449/$55.55/0 ª 2010 Adis Data Information BV. All rights reserved. Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus (Types 6, 11, 16, 18) Recombinant
More informationHuman papilloma viruses and cancer in the post-vaccine era
REVIEW 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.03032.x Human papilloma viruses and cancer in the post-vaccine era E. Galani and C. Christodoulou Metropolitan Hospital Medical Oncology, Athens, Greece Abstract Human papilloma
More informationHPV AND CERVICAL CANCER
HPV AND CERVICAL CANCER DR SANDJONG TIECHOU ISAAC DELON Postgraduate Training in Reproductive Health Research Faculty of Medicine, University of Yaoundé 2007 INTRODUCTION CERVICAL CANCER IS THE SECOND
More informationPresenter Disclosure Information
1:30 2:25pm An Update on HPV Cancer Prevention SPEAKERS Kenneth Alexander, MD, PhD Anna Giuliano, PhD Presenter Disclosure Information The following relationships exist related to this presentation: Dr
More informationHPV/Cervical Cancer Resource Guide for patients and providers
DHS: PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISION IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM HPV/Cervical Cancer Resource Guide for patients and providers Independent. Healthy. Safe. Oregon HPV Provider Resource Kit: Table of Contents Provider Information
More informationHuman Papillomavirus
Human Papillomavirus Dawn Palaszewski, MD Assistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of February 18, 2018 9:40 am Dawn Palaszewski, MD Assistant Professor Department of Obstetrics and
More informationHPV vaccination to prevent cervical cancer and other HPV-associated disease: from basic science to effective interventions
HPV vaccination to prevent cervical cancer and other HPV-associated disease: from basic science to effective interventions Douglas R. Lowy Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, NIH,
More informationO RIGINAL P APER. Extending Quadrivalent Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Vaccination To Males What Is The Current Evidence?
O RIGINAL P APER Extending Quadrivalent Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Vaccination To Males What Is The Current Evidence? T H E S I N G A P O R E F A M I L Y P H Y S I C I A N V O L 4 1(3) J U L - S E P 2
More informationPotential health and economic impact of adding a human papillomavirus vaccine to screening programs Kulasingam S L, Myers E R
Potential health and economic impact of adding a human papillomavirus vaccine to screening programs Kulasingam S L, Myers E R Record Status This is a critical abstract of an economic evaluation that meets
More informationWoo Dae Kang, Ho Sun Choi, Seok Mo Kim
Is vaccination with quadrivalent HPV vaccine after Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure effective in preventing recurrence in patients with High-grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN2-3)? Chonnam
More informationPresexual adolescent girls and. Family Practice. Who should get. the HPV vaccine? For personal use only. Copyright Dowden Health Media
For mass reproduction, content licensing and permissions contact Dowden Health Media. Family Who should get the HPV vaccine? Latest recommendations from ACIP and others recommendations consider recommending
More informationHPV FREE IDAHO. Fundamentals of HPV Bill Atkinson, MD MPH
HPV FREE IDAHO Fundamentals of HPV Bill Atkinson, MD MPH You are the Key to HPV Cancer Prevention William Atkinson, MD, MPH Associate Director for Immunization Education Immunization Action Coalition February
More informationHow do we compare? IP724/BMTRY Introduction to Global and Public Health. Feb 21, 2012 Basic Science Rm Sharon Bond, PhD, CNM
Eradicating Cervical Cancer: Our Global Imperative College of Nursing February 2012 What is cervical cancer? Why do we care? 2 nd leading cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide (after breast ca)
More informationQuadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine
INVITED ARTICLE VACCINES Bruce Gellin and John F. Modlin, Section Editors Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Eliav Barr and Gretchen Tamms Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania The
More informationThe successful case of HPV prophylactic vaccines
7th LA Congress of Clinical Research São Paulo, November 12, 2010 Brazilian Experience on Translational Medicine: The successful case of HPV prophylactic vaccines Luisa Lina Villa, Ph.D. Ludwig Institute
More informationHuman papilloma virus vaccination: practical guidelines
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences Yadav K et al. Int J Res Med Sci. 2014 Nov;2(4):1799-1803 www.msjonline.org pissn 2320-6071 eissn 2320-6012 Brief Report DOI: 10.5455/2320-6012.ijrms201411118
More informationHPV infections and potential outcomes
CONTENTS Preface by Silvia de Sanjosé... 33 Preface by Jacob Bornstein... 37 Author s note... 39 Acknowledgments... 45 CHAPTER 1 HPV infections and potential outcomes HPV: What it is, where it is and what
More informationHPV Transmission. Rachel Winer, PhD, MPH Department of Epidemiology University of Washington
HPV Transmission Rachel Winer, PhD, MPH Department of Epidemiology University of Washington rlw@u.washington.edu Disclosure Information I have no financial relationships to disclose. Human Papillomavirus
More informationUICC HPV and CERVICAL CANCER CURRICULUM. UICC HPV and Cervical Cancer Curriculum Chapter 5. Application of HPV vaccines Prof. Suzanne Garland MD
UICC HPV and CERVICAL CANCER CURRICULUM 01 Chapter 5. Application of HPV vaccines Director of Microbiological Research Director of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases The Royal Women's Hospital
More informationStudy No.: Title: Rationale: Phase: Study Period: Study Design: Centers: Indication: Treatment: Objectives: Primary Outcome/Efficacy Variable:
The study listed may include approved and non-approved uses, formulations or treatment regimens. The results reported in any single study may not reflect the overall results obtained on studies of a product.
More informationImpact of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-6/11/16/18 Vaccine on All HPV-Associated Genital Diseases in Young Women
DOI: 1.193/jnci/djp534 Advance Access publication on February 5, 21. The Author 21. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.
More informationReview Article. Abstract. Introduction. HPV Pathogenesis:
Review Article Prevention of human papilloma virus infection with vaccines Faisal Azam, Mohammad Shams-ul-Islam Medical Oncology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom. Abstract Human Papilloma virus
More informationCervical cancer is the second most common cancer affecting women worldwide. Cervical
Continuing Education Column Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Mi-Kyung Kim, MD Jae Hong No, MD Yong -Sang Song, MD Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine E -
More informationCervical Cancer Screening - Improving PAP Rates. Objectives
Cervical Cancer Screening - Improving PAP Rates Dineo Khabele, MD, FACOG, FACS Assistant Professor Division of Gynecologic Oncology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Objectives 1. Review the current
More informationUpdate of the role of Human Papillomavirus in Head and Neck Cancer
Update of the role of Human Papillomavirus in Head and Neck Cancer 2013 International & 12 th National Head and Neck Tumour Conference Shanghai, 11 13 Oct 2013 Prof. Paul KS Chan Department of Microbiology
More informationHuman papillomavirus and vaccination for cervical cancer
Human papillomavirus and vaccination for cervical cancer Dorothy Machalek Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Royal Women s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia VIRUSES AND CANCER Responsible
More informationWorldwide, cervical cancer is second. Decreasing Risk: Impact of HPV Vaccination on Outcomes REPORTS. Pamela Ann Hymel, MD, MPH
Decreasing Risk: Impact of HPV Vaccination on Outcomes Pamela Ann Hymel, MD, MPH Abstract Cervical cancer, caused by oncogenic types of human papillomavirus (HPV), remains a major health problem worldwide.
More informationHuman Papillomaviruses and Cancer: Questions and Answers. Key Points. 1. What are human papillomaviruses, and how are they transmitted?
CANCER FACTS N a t i o n a l C a n c e r I n s t i t u t e N a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e s o f H e a l t h D e p a r t m e n t o f H e a l t h a n d H u m a n S e r v i c e s Human Papillomaviruses
More informationShould Anal Pap Smears Be a Standard of Care in HIV Management?
Should Anal Pap Smears Be a Standard of Care in HIV Management? Gordon Dickinson, M.D., FACP Professor of Medicine and Chief Infectious Diseases, Miller School of Medicine Short Answer: NO But 15-20 HPV
More informationF.C. Shakhtatinskaya, L.S. Namazova-Baranova, V.K. Tatochenko, D.A. Novikova, T.E. Tkachenko
F.C. Shakhtatinskaya, L.S. Namazova-Baranova, V.K. Tatochenko, D.A. Novikova, T.E. Tkachenko Scientific Center of Children s Health, Moscow, Russian Federation Human Papilloma Virus. Prevention of HPV-Associated
More informationDe-Sexualizing the HPV Vaccine How to Counsel Your Families
De-Sexualizing the HPV Vaccine How to Counsel Your Families Laura J. Benjamins, MD, MPH Assistant Professor, Adolescent Medicine The University of Texas Medical School, Houston Objectives Understand current
More informationHPV-Associated Disease and Prevention
HPV-Associated Disease and Prevention Odessa Regional Medical Center May 28, 2015 Erich M. Sturgis, MD, MPH Professor Department of Head & Neck Surgery Department of Epidemiology Christopher & Susan Damico
More informationNew paradigm for prevention of cervical cancer
European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 130 (2007) 25 29 Expert opinion New paradigm for prevention of cervical cancer GlaxoSmithKline has developed a bivalent vaccine, Cervarix
More informationGlobal HPV Disease Burden : Rationale for Vaccine
Global HPV Disease Burden : Rationale for Vaccine Muhammet Nabi Kanibir, MD Regional Medical Director Medical Affairs, MSD-Vaccines Muscat, September 2011 HPV Disease Burden Global Regional What do we
More informationMarc Brisson PhD, Nicolas Van de Velde MSc, Philippe De Wals MD PhD, Marie-Claude Boily PhD
Estimating the number needed to vaccinate to prevent diseases and death related to human papillomavirus infection Marc Brisson PhD, Nicolas Van de Velde MSc, Philippe De Wals MD PhD, Marie-Claude Boily
More informationHPV, Cancer Genes, and Raising Expectations
HPV, Cancer Genes, and Raising Expectations Douglas R. Lowy Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Keynote Lecture, IFCPC World
More informationConcurrent and Sequential Acquisition of Different Genital Human Papillomavirus Types
1097 Concurrent and Sequential Acquisition of Different Genital Human Papillomavirus Types Katherine K. Thomas, 1 James P. Hughes, 1 Jane M. Kuypers, 2 Nancy B. Kiviat, 2 Shu-Kuang Lee, 1 Diane E. Adam,
More informationThe HPV vaccine: what we know versus what we hope
The HPV vaccine: what we know versus what we hope Karen Smith-McCune Associate Professor University of California San Francisco email: kmccune@cc.ucsf.edu 415-476-7882 I have no financial conflicts of
More information9/11/2018. HPV Yoga. Human Papillomavirus. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Disease. Most common sexually transmitted infection in the U.S.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Human Papillomavirus September 2018 Chapter 11 Photographs and images included in this presentation
More informationEradicating Mortality from Cervical Cancer
Eradicating Mortality from Cervical Cancer Michelle Berlin, MD, MPH Vice Chair, Obstetrics & Gynecology Associate Director, Center for Women s Health June 2, 2009 Overview Prevention Human Papilloma Virus
More informationProphylactic and Therapeutic Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: A breakthrough for women health
Review Article Prophylactic and Therapeutic Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: A breakthrough for women health Sadaf Yousuf, Serajuddaula Syed Department of Pathology, Ziauddin University, Clifton, Karachi.
More informationCraiova Medicală Vol 9, Nr 2, 2007
Referat general Human papillomavirus prophylactic vaccine in preventing cervical cancer RADU VASILCANU, DAIANA VASILCANU, PADRAIG D ARCY Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska
More informationQuadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine
Recommendations and Reports March 23, 2007 / 56(RR02);1-24 Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Prepared by Lauri E. Markowitz,
More informationNews. Laboratory NEW GUIDELINES DEMONSTRATE GREATER ROLE FOR HPV TESTING IN CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING TIMOTHY UPHOFF, PHD, DABMG, MLS (ASCP) CM
Laboratory News Inside This Issue NEW GUIDELINES DEMONSTRATE GREATER ROLE FOR HPV TESTING IN CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING...1 NEW HPV TEST METHODOLOGY PROVIDES BETTER SPECIFICITY FOR CERVICAL CANCER...4 BEYOND
More informationGSK Medication: Study No.: Title: Rationale: Phase: Study Period Study Design: Centres: Indication: Treatment: Objectives:
The study listed may include approved and non-approved uses, formulations or treatment regimens. The results reported in any single study may not reflect the overall results obtained on studies of a product.
More informationPromise of reduced HPV associated
HPV accounts for ~500,000 cases of cancer annually across the globe Promise of reduced HPV associated cancers in AIAN communities NAOMI LEE, PHD NIH IRACDA POSTDOCTORAL FELLOW UNIVERSIT OF NEW MEXICO Human
More informationSilvia Franceschi Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Group International Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon, France
From epidemiology to cancerpreventing vaccines: the example of HPV Silvia Franceschi Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Group International Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon, France Milan, 19 March 2007
More informationPrevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Gynecologic Cancers
Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Gynecologic Cancers Jubilee Brown MD and Pamela T. Soliman MD, MPH Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer
More informationReal-life challenges in implementing public strategies for HPV vaccination in developing countries, and strategies to increase immunization coverage
Real-life challenges in implementing public strategies for HPV vaccination in developing countries, and strategies to increase immunization coverage Prof. Charbell Miguel Haddad Kury, MD Pediatrician Infectious
More informationHPV vaccines. Margaret Stanley Department of Pathology Cambridge
HPV vaccines Margaret Stanley Department of Pathology Cambridge 1 Disclosure Statement Dr. Margaret Stanley has acted as a consultant and advisor for Merck Sharp & Dohme, GlaxoSmithKline, and Sanofi Pasteur
More informationHPV Life Cycle & Vaccination: Possible Relevance for HSV Vaccines
HPV Life Cycle & Vaccination: Possible Relevance for HSV Vaccines Douglas R. Lowy Center for Cancer Research, NCI Deputy Director, NCI National Institutes of Health Herpes Virus Infection & Immunity Meeting
More informationEXPOSING DANGERS OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS IN BOTH MEN AND WOMEN
EXPOSING DANGERS OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS IN BOTH MEN AND WOMEN Aishatu Abdullahi Adamu 3rd Year Student, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, NIMS University Jaipur (India) ABSTRACT The human papillomavirus
More informationCervical Cancer 8/20/2008. New genital HPV infections are commonest amongst young adults. Development of antibody to HPV capsids after HPV infection
Preventing cervical cancer from bench to bedside and beyond Ian Frazer Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Cervical Cancer Second commonest cause of cancer in women
More informationWhat You Should Know. Exploring the Link between HPV and Cancer.
What You Should Know Exploring the Link between HPV and Cancer www.indianacancer.org What is HPV? The Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI). An STI is a virus
More informationAre you dying to have sex?
Are You Dying to Have Sex? Student Presentation Part 6: HPV (Slides 221 282) 62 slides 12 minutes ISBN# 0-9777625-4-8 Are you dying to have sex? Part 6 Viral STDs HPV 62 Slides 12 minutes ISBN #0-9777625-4-8
More informationGender (in)equality in Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccinations and treatment Prof. Giampiero Favato
Gender (in)equality in Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccinations and treatment Prof. Giampiero Favato Institute of Leadership and Management in Health (ILMH) Kingston University London 1 HPV virus: a gender
More information