Christian Frezza MRC Cancer Unit

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Christian Frezza MRC Cancer Unit"

Transcription

1 Christian Frezza MRC Cancer Unit

2 What is cancer?

3 What is cancer? Douglas Hanahan, Robert A. Weinberg; The Hallmarks of Cancer Cell, Volume 100, Issue 1, 7 January 2000, Pages 57 70

4 Cancer cells need energy to proliferate EAT, SURVIVE, REPRODU CE cell

5 Metabolism is an emerging hallmark of cancer Douglas Hanahan, Robert A. Weinberg; Hallmarks of Cancer: next generation Cell, Volume 144, Issue 5, p , 4 March 2011

6 The timeline of cancer research Muller observed aberrant metabolism in urine of cancer patients Warburg observed the increased glycolysis in cancer cell Wassermann hypothesised a role of deregulated respiration in cancer cell Otto Warburg

7 The timeline of cancer research Warburg observed the increased glycolysis in cancer cell Kovacevic observed increased glutaminolysis in cancer cell Warburg published On the origin of cancer cell p53 was identified cmyc was discovered Biochemistry era Genomic era I was born debate between Weinhouse and Warburg on mitochondria and cancer

8 Cancer: a genetic disease activated oncogene/ tumour suppressor Cell transformation

9 The timeline of cancer research Warburg observed the increased glycolysis in cancer cell Kovacevic observed increased glutaminolysis in cancer cell Warburg published On the origin of cancer cell p53 was identified Src/Ras regulate glycolysis c-myc regulates glycolysis c-myc was discovered Biochemistry era Genomic era I was born debate between Weinhouse and Warburg on mitochondria and cancer

10 Cancer and Metabolism activated oncogene/ tumour suppressor metabolic transformation Cell transformation

11 The timeline of cancer research Warburg observed the increased glycolysis in cancer cell Kovacevic observed increased glutaminolysis in cancer cell Warburg published On the origin of cancer cell p53 was identified cmyc was discovered cmyc regulates glycolysis Biochemistry era Genomic era Debate between Weinhouse and Warburg on mitochondria and cancer I was born mutations in mitochondrial proteins SDH and FH are cause of cancer

12 The timeline of cancer research Warburg observed the increased glycolysis in cancer cell Kovacevic observed increased glutaminolysis in cancer cell Warburg published On the origin of cancer cell p53 was identified cmyc was discovered cmyc regulates glycolysis p53 regulates cell metabolism via TIGAR, PGHDH is amplified in PGM, Sco2 breast cancer Biochemistry era Genomic era Metabolomic era Debate between Weinhouse and Warburg on mitochondria and cancer I was born mutations in mitochondrial proteins SDH and FH are cause of cancer mutations in IDH are found in glioblastoma accumulation of succinate in SDH mutants stabilizes HIF 2HG is sufficient to induce leukemogenesis 2HG is produced by mutant IDHs and inhibits DNA and histone demethylation Fumarate induces EMT

13 Cancer: a metabolic disease?

14 A system view of cancer

15 An historical perspective on CANCER METABOLISM

16 Metabolism in the 19 th century Pasteur effect glucose fermentation lactate pyruvate respiration CO 2 21% O 2 0 % O 2 Oxygen concentration

17 Warburg experiments

18 Aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells normal cells cancer cells

19 The Warburg hypothesis The prime cause of cancer is the replacement of the respiration of oxygen by a fermentation of sugar Injury of respiration Aerobic glycolysis De-differentiation Phase I Phase II Phase III

20 The Warburg hypothesis Injury of respiration Aerobic glycolysis De-differentiation Phase I Phase II Phase III

21 Is respiration injured in cancer cells? there is no evidence that the respiration in cancer cell is either quantitatively lowered or fails to lower glycolysis Sidney Weinhouse Weinhouse, Z. Krebsforsh, 1976

22 Is hypoxia the cause of mitochondrial dysfunction? all Warburg s experiment were performed using well oxygenated tissues

23 Metabolic changes in cancer vs normal tissues Gaude and Frezza, Nat Comms 2016

24 Mitochondrial genes are suppressed in cancer Gaude and Frezza, Nat Comms 2016

25 Mitochondrial genes as oncogenes and TSGs Gaude and Frezza, Cancer & Metab, 2014

26 Oncogenic roles of dysfunctional mitochondria

27 Mitochondrial dysfunction can be oncogenic

28 Mitochondrial tumour suppressors and oncometabolites

29 Succinate and fumarate activate HIF pathway akg prolyl hydroxylases fumarate succinate HIF HIF-OH O 2 CO 2 HIF degradation

30 Succinate, fumarate, and 2HG as epigenetic modifiers 2HG IDH* akg DNA-CH 3 TETs fumarate succinate DNA O 2 CO 2

31 Fumarate and succination protein-sh

32 Succination of Keap1 activates Nrf2 pathway Keap1 fumarate Nrf2 Nrf2-Keap1 Nrf2 degradation

33 The emerging concept of oncometabolites the somatic mutation theory acts like a tranquilizer on those who believe in it (Rous, 1959).

34 Mitochondria dysfunction in cancer? Mitochondrial function is rewired in cancer cells, but mitochondria are required for cancer cell growth and proliferation

35 The Warburg hypothesis Injury of respiration Aerobic glycolysis De-differentiation Phase I Phase II Phase III

36 Aerobic glycolysis in cancer: increase in glucose uptake [ 18 F]flouro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

37 Aerobic glycolysis in cancer: increase in glucose uptake

38 Aerobic glycolysis in cancer: hyperpolarised glucose

39 Aerobic glycolysis in cancer: increased lactate secretion subcutaneously implanted EL4 tumour ph map

40 Is glycolysis up-regulated in cancer? YES! aerobic glycolysis is a hallmark of cancer Disclaimer: Aerobic glycolysis is a characteristic of most proliferating cells

41 Is it all about ATP?

42 Aerobic glycolysis supports proliferation

43 Aerobic glycolysis and migration

44 The Warburg hypothesis Injury of respiration Aerobic glycolysis De-differentiation Phase I Phase II Phase III

45 Aerobic glycolysis and stemness

46 Cancer stem cells and plasticity

47 Can we exploit altered cancer metabolism as therapeutic strategy? metabolism

48 The first example of targeting cancer metabolism?

49 Targeting cancer metabolism 2HG IDH*

50 IDH and GLS inhibitors are in clinic

51

52 Resistance through metabolic reprogramming

53 Conclusions Metabolism of cancer cells is different from that of normal cells Dysregulated metabolism can drive oncogenic processes Altered metabolism offers a therapeutic window to target cancer cells

54 Key references & links O. Warburg, On the origin of cancer cells, Science, 1956 JS. Flier et al. Elevated levels of glucose transport and transporter messenger RNA are induced by ras or src oncogenes. Science, 1987 H. Shim et al. c-myc transactivation of LDH-A: Implications for tumor metabolism and growth, PNAS, 1998 D. Hanahan and RA. Weinberg, Hallmarks of Cancer: next generation, Cell, 2011 Gaude and Frezza, Tissue-specific and convergent metabolic transformation of cancer correlates with metastatic potential and patient survival, Nat Comms, 2016 Pavlova and Thompson, The emerging hallmarks of cancer metabolism, Cell Metabolism,

Cancer Metabolism. Ayelet Erez, MD, PhD. Physicists working on Cancer Course July 2018

Cancer Metabolism. Ayelet Erez, MD, PhD. Physicists working on Cancer Course July 2018 Cancer Metabolism Ayelet Erez, MD, PhD Physicists working on Cancer Course July 2018 Overview of talk: 1. Tumors are metabolically distinct from benign tissue. 2. Reprogrammed metabolism allows enables:

More information

Oncology for Scientists RPN 530 Fall 2017 Cancer Cell Metabolism

Oncology for Scientists RPN 530 Fall 2017 Cancer Cell Metabolism Oncology for Scientists RPN 530 Fall 2017 Cancer Cell Metabolism Gokul Das, Ph.D. Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics Center for Genetics & Pharmacology (CGP) Room 4-304 Tel: 845-8542 Email: gokul.das@roswellpark.org

More information

Cancer as a Metabolic Disease

Cancer as a Metabolic Disease Cancer as a Metabolic Disease On the Origin, Management and Prevention of Cancer Thomas N. Seyfried @WILEY "" Forword Preface xiii xv 1. Images of Cancer 1 How Cancer is Viewed 2 References 13 2. Confusion

More information

What is the Warburg Effect

What is the Warburg Effect What is the Warburg Effect Roles nutrients play in the biochemistry of a cell Thus, proliferating cells must acquire more nutrients, convert them into biosynthetic building blocks, and coordinate the reactions

More information

BCH Graduate Survey of Biochemistry

BCH Graduate Survey of Biochemistry BCH 5045 Graduate Survey of Biochemistry Instructor: Charles Guy Producer: Ron Thomas Director: Marsha Durosier Lecture 44 Slide sets available at: http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/teach/guyweb/bch5045/index.html

More information

Theralase Therapeutic Laser Technology Enhances Cancer Destruction

Theralase Therapeutic Laser Technology Enhances Cancer Destruction Theralase Therapeutic Laser Technology Enhances Cancer Destruction Toronto, Ontario November 27, 2017, Theralase Technologies Inc. ( Theralase or the Company ) (TSXV: TLT) (OTCQX: TLTFF), a leading biotech

More information

Tumor Metabolism. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)

Tumor Metabolism. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) Tumor Metabolism Kevin M. Brindle Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson

More information

METABOLIC VULNERABILITIES OF CANCER. Eyal Gottlieb

METABOLIC VULNERABILITIES OF CANCER. Eyal Gottlieb METABOLIC VULNERABILITIES OF CANCER Eyal Gottlieb METABOLIC VULNERABILITIES OF CANCER Eyal Gottlieb Cancer and metabolism: the anabolic angle glucose glucose-6-phosphate Ribose-5-phosphate ADP + Pi Serine

More information

Cellular Respiration Checkup Quiz. 1. Of the following products, which is produced by both anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration in humans?

Cellular Respiration Checkup Quiz. 1. Of the following products, which is produced by both anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration in humans? 1. Of the following products, which is produced by both anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration in humans? I. Pyruvate II. III. ATP Lactate A. I only B. I and II only C. I, II and III D. II and III

More information

By the mid-twentieth century, cancer cells were known to show

By the mid-twentieth century, cancer cells were known to show REVIEW doi:10.1038/nature11706 How cancer metabolism is tuned for proliferation and vulnerable to disruption Almut Schulze 1 & Adrian L. Harris 2 Cancer metabolism has received a substantial amount of

More information

Index. BH3 mimetics, 232 Bifonazole, 141 Bone marrow apoptosis degenerative mitochondrial haplotypes, MDS role, Bromopyruvate,

Index. BH3 mimetics, 232 Bifonazole, 141 Bone marrow apoptosis degenerative mitochondrial haplotypes, MDS role, Bromopyruvate, Index A Acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anemia (AISA), 172 173 Adenine nucleotide transporter (ANT), 227 228 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) deficiency, 177 178 generation, 151 production, 131 Aerobic respiration

More information

The Hallmarks of Cancer

The Hallmarks of Cancer The Hallmarks of Cancer Theresa L. Hodin, Ph.D. Clinical Research Services Theresa.Hodin@RoswellPark.org Hippocrates Cancer surgery, circa 1689 Cancer Surgery Today 1971: Nixon declares War on Cancer

More information

Oncology for Scientists RPN 530 Fall Cancer Cell Metabolism

Oncology for Scientists RPN 530 Fall Cancer Cell Metabolism Oncology for Scientists RPN 530 Fall 2016 Cancer Cell Metabolism Gokul Das, Ph.D. Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics Center for Genetics & Pharmacology (CGP) Room 4-304 Tel: 845-8542 Email: gokul.das@roswellpark.org

More information

KEY CONCEPT The overall process of cellular respiration converts sugar into ATP using oxygen.

KEY CONCEPT The overall process of cellular respiration converts sugar into ATP using oxygen. KEY CONCEPT The overall process of cellular respiration converts sugar into ATP using oxygen. ! Cellular respiration makes ATP by breaking down sugars. Cellular respiration is aerobic, or requires oxygen.

More information

Energy Sensing and Metabolism in Cancer

Energy Sensing and Metabolism in Cancer Energy Sensing and Metabolism in Cancer Boyi Gan MD Anderson Cancer Center The distinguishing features of living organisms 1. A high degree of chemical complexity and microscopic organization. 2. Systems

More information

Molecular Biology of Cancer. Code: ECTS Credits: 6. Degree Type Year Semester

Molecular Biology of Cancer. Code: ECTS Credits: 6. Degree Type Year Semester 2017/2018 Molecular Biology of Cancer Code: 100863 ECTS Credits: 6 Degree Type Year Semester 2500252 Biochemistry OT 4 0 Contact Name: Carles Arús Caralto Email: Carles.Arus@uab.cat Other comments on languages

More information

Molecular Biology of Cancer. Code: ECTS Credits: 6. Degree Type Year Semester

Molecular Biology of Cancer. Code: ECTS Credits: 6. Degree Type Year Semester 2018/2019 Molecular Biology of Cancer Code: 100863 ECTS Credits: 6 Degree Type Year Semester 2500252 Biochemistry OT 4 0 Contact Name: Carles Arús Caralto Email: Carles.Arus@uab.cat Other comments on languages

More information

GLUCOSE, WARBURG, CANCER AND PATHWAYS

GLUCOSE, WARBURG, CANCER AND PATHWAYS GLUCOSE, WARBURG, CANCER AND PATHWAYS Terrence P McGarty White Paper No 148 January, 2018 The Warburg effect has been present for almost a century. It is also called aerobic glycolysis. Namely it is an

More information

4. Which step shows a split of one molecule into two smaller molecules? a. 2. d. 5

4. Which step shows a split of one molecule into two smaller molecules? a. 2. d. 5 1. Which of the following statements about NAD + is false? a. NAD + is reduced to NADH during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. b. NAD + has more chemical energy than NADH. c. NAD + is reduced

More information

Respiration. Energy is everything!

Respiration. Energy is everything! Respiration Energy is everything! Tesla was incredible Everyone was intrigued by Tesla Tesla showed that energy does not need to be feared So what does this have to do with twinkies? Everything! Cellular

More information

Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy AP Biology Reading Guide Name: Date: Period Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Overview: Before getting involved with the details of cellular respiration and photosynthesis, take

More information

Metabolic Reprogramming: A Cancer Hallmark Even Warburg Did Not Anticipate

Metabolic Reprogramming: A Cancer Hallmark Even Warburg Did Not Anticipate Metabolic Reprogramming: A Cancer Hallmark Even Warburg Did Not Anticipate Patrick S. Ward 1,2 and Craig B. Thompson 1, * 1 Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center,

More information

We can see the organelles that participate in photosynthesis with a microscope! Microscope Micro = small Scope = to look at

We can see the organelles that participate in photosynthesis with a microscope! Microscope Micro = small Scope = to look at We can see the organelles that participate in photosynthesis with a microscope! Microscope Micro = small Scope = to look at How do you use a microscope? 1. Always start on low power! 2. Use the coarse

More information

Cancer as a metabolic disease

Cancer as a metabolic disease Cancer as a metabolic disease Thomas N Seyfried and Laura M Shelton. Nutrition & Metabolism 2010, 7:7 doi:10.1186/1743-7075-7-7 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found

More information

Basic tumor nomenclature

Basic tumor nomenclature Jonas Nilsson jonas.a.nilsson@surgery.gu.se Sahlgrenska Cancer Center Bilder gjorda av Per Holmfeldt och Jonas Nilsson Benign tumor Basic tumor nomenclature Malignant tumor = cancer Metastasis Carcinoma:

More information

Case Study: Carbohydrate Metabolism. eating an early dinner the night before and skipping breakfast that morning, Sid goes to the

Case Study: Carbohydrate Metabolism. eating an early dinner the night before and skipping breakfast that morning, Sid goes to the Student Name Biochemistry 4320 Case Study Part I 4 November 2013 Case Study: Carbohydrate Metabolism Sid is a high school student who has decided to start exercising before school. After eating an early

More information

Cancer as a metabolic disease: implications for novel therapeutics

Cancer as a metabolic disease: implications for novel therapeutics Carcinogenesis vol.00 no.00 p.1 of 13, 2014 doi:10.1093/carcin/bgt480 Advance Access publication December 16, 2013 Review Carcinogenesis Advance Access published January 20, 2014 Cancer as a metabolic

More information

2/4/17. Cellular Metabolism. Metabolism. Cellular Metabolism. Consists of all of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell.

2/4/17. Cellular Metabolism. Metabolism. Cellular Metabolism. Consists of all of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell. Metabolism Cellular Metabolism Consists of all of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell. Can be reactions that break things down. (Catabolism) Or reactions that build things up. (Anabolism)

More information

Mechanisms of Gene Regulation and Signal! Transduction in Hypoxia!

Mechanisms of Gene Regulation and Signal! Transduction in Hypoxia! Mechanisms of Gene Regulation and Signal! Transduction in Hypoxia! Lorenz Poellinger! Dept. of Cell and Molecular Biology! Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden! Normoxia - O 2 availability is in balance

More information

Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 -----> 6CO 2 + 6H 2 0 + energy (heat and ATP) 1. Energy Capacity to move or change matter Forms of energy are important to life include Chemical, radiant (heat

More information

Information transmission

Information transmission 1-3-3 Case studies in Systems Biology Goutham Vemuri goutham@chalmers.se Information transmission Fluxome Metabolome flux 1 flux flux 3 Proteome metabolite1 metabolite metabolite3 protein 1 protein protein

More information

Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work Living cells require energy from outside sources

Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work Living cells require energy from outside sources Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work Living cells require energy from outside sources Some animals, such as the giant panda, obtain energy by eating plants, and some animals feed on other

More information

mirna Dr. S Hosseini-Asl

mirna Dr. S Hosseini-Asl mirna Dr. S Hosseini-Asl 1 2 MicroRNAs (mirnas) are small noncoding RNAs which enhance the cleavage or translational repression of specific mrna with recognition site(s) in the 3 - untranslated region

More information

Bell Work. b. is wrong because combining two glucose molecules requires energy, it does not release energy

Bell Work. b. is wrong because combining two glucose molecules requires energy, it does not release energy Bell Work How is energy made available to the cell to move large starch molecules across the cell membrane through the process of endocytosis? a. removing a phosphate from ATP b. combining two glucose

More information

What is Respiration? The process of respiration is where organisms convert chemical energy into cellular energy, which is known as ATP. Adenine Ribose P P P Cellular Respiration high energy sugar low energy

More information

Molecular and Cell Biology of Cancer. Code: ECTS Credits: 6. Degree Type Year Semester Biomedical Sciences OT 4 0

Molecular and Cell Biology of Cancer. Code: ECTS Credits: 6. Degree Type Year Semester Biomedical Sciences OT 4 0 2017/2018 Molecular and Cell Biology of Cancer Code: 101897 ECTS Credits: 6 Degree Type Year Semester 2501230 Biomedical Sciences OT 4 0 Contact Name: Carles Arús Caralto Email: Carles.Arus@uab.cat Other

More information

Press-pulse: a novel therapeutic strategy for the metabolic management of cancer

Press-pulse: a novel therapeutic strategy for the metabolic management of cancer Seyfried et al. Nutrition & Metabolism (2017) 14:19 DOI 10.1186/s12986-017-0178-2 METHODOLOGY Open Access Press-pulse: a novel therapeutic strategy for the metabolic management of cancer Thomas N. Seyfried

More information

Name Class Date. 1. Cellular respiration is the process by which the of "food"

Name Class Date. 1. Cellular respiration is the process by which the of food Name Class Date Cell Respiration Introduction Cellular respiration is the process by which the chemical energy of "food" molecules is released and partially captured in the form of ATP. Carbohydrates,

More information

Cellular Metabolism. Biol 105 Lecture 6 Read Chapter 3 (pages 63 69)

Cellular Metabolism. Biol 105 Lecture 6 Read Chapter 3 (pages 63 69) Cellular Metabolism Biol 105 Lecture 6 Read Chapter 3 (pages 63 69) Metabolism Consists of all of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell Metabolism Animation Breaking Down Glucose For Energy

More information

Clinical significance of T cell metabolic reprogramming in cancer

Clinical significance of T cell metabolic reprogramming in cancer Clinical significance of T cell metabolic reprogramming in cancer The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Herbel,

More information

Respiration. Energy is everything!

Respiration. Energy is everything! Respiration Energy is everything! Tesla was incredible Everyone was intrigued by Tesla Tesla showed that energy does not need to be feared So what does this have to do with twinkies? Everything! Cellular

More information

1 Respiration is a vital process in living organisms. All organisms carry out glycolysis. The Krebs cycle also occurs in some organisms.

1 Respiration is a vital process in living organisms. All organisms carry out glycolysis. The Krebs cycle also occurs in some organisms. 1 Respiration is a vital process in living organisms. All organisms carry out glycolysis. The Krebs cycle also occurs in some organisms. (a) The diagram below shows some of the stages in glycolysis, using

More information

Molecular and Cell Biology of Cancer. Code: ECTS Credits: 6. Degree Type Year Semester Biomedical Sciences OT 4 0

Molecular and Cell Biology of Cancer. Code: ECTS Credits: 6. Degree Type Year Semester Biomedical Sciences OT 4 0 2018/2019 Molecular and Cell Biology of Cancer Code: 101897 ECTS Credits: 6 Degree Type Year Semester 2501230 Biomedical Sciences OT 4 0 Contact Name: Carles Arús Caralto Email: Carles.Arus@uab.cat Other

More information

ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration

ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration What Is ATP? Energy used by all Cells Adenosine Triphosphate Organic molecule containing highenergy Phosphate bonds Chemical Structure of ATP Adenine Base 3 Phosphates

More information

Biology. Slide 1 of 39. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Biology. Slide 1 of 39. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology 1 of 39 EQ What is glycolysis? What are the results from the Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport? 2 of 39 9-1 Chemical Pathways Food serves as a source of raw materials for the cells in the body

More information

Reexamining cancer metabolism: lactate production for carcinogenesis could be the purpose and explanation of the Warburg Effect

Reexamining cancer metabolism: lactate production for carcinogenesis could be the purpose and explanation of the Warburg Effect Carcinogenesis, 2017, Vol. 38, No. 2, 119 133 doi:10.1093/carcin/bgw127 Advance Access publication December 30, 2016 Review review Reexamining cancer metabolism: lactate production for carcinogenesis could

More information

Cell Metabolism Assays. for OMICS. Research

Cell Metabolism Assays. for OMICS. Research Gene-Protein-metabolism links Cell Metabolism Assays for OMICS Research STANDARD Parameters of Functional METABOLIsm Genomics Cells use gene expression to synthesize proteins and other products that are

More information

CH 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION. 9-1 Chemical Pathways 9-2 The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport

CH 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION. 9-1 Chemical Pathways 9-2 The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport CH 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION 9-1 Chemical Pathways 9-2 The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chemical Energy and Food Energy source = food = ATP A calorie is the unit for the amount of energy needed to raise

More information

Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen In biology and chemistry, energy is referred to

More information

Is Cancer a Genetic Disease or a Metabolic Disease? David S. Wishart. S (15) DOI: doi: /j.ebiom Reference: EBIOM 150

Is Cancer a Genetic Disease or a Metabolic Disease? David S. Wishart. S (15) DOI: doi: /j.ebiom Reference: EBIOM 150 ÔØ Å ÒÙ Ö ÔØ Is Cancer a Genetic Disease or a Metabolic Disease? David S. Wishart PII: S2352-3964(15)00116-4 DOI: doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.05.022 Reference: EBIOM 150 To appear in: EBioMedicine Please

More information

Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work. Living cells. Require transfusions of energy from outside sources to perform their many tasks

Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work. Living cells. Require transfusions of energy from outside sources to perform their many tasks Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work Living cells Require transfusions of energy from outside sources to perform their many tasks Biology, 7 th Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece The

More information

How Cells Release Chemical Energy. Chapter 7

How Cells Release Chemical Energy. Chapter 7 How Cells Release Chemical Energy Chapter 7 7.1 Overview of Carbohydrate Breakdown Pathways All organisms (including photoautotrophs) convert chemical energy of organic compounds to chemical energy of

More information

Introduction. Cancer Biology. Tumor-suppressor genes. Proto-oncogenes. DNA stability genes. Mechanisms of carcinogenesis.

Introduction. Cancer Biology. Tumor-suppressor genes. Proto-oncogenes. DNA stability genes. Mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Cancer Biology Chapter 18 Eric J. Hall., Amato Giaccia, Radiobiology for the Radiologist Introduction Tissue homeostasis depends on the regulated cell division and self-elimination (programmed cell death)

More information

Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration Cellular I can describe cellular respiration Cellular respiration is a series of metabolic pathways releasing energy from a foodstuff e.g. glucose. This yields energy in the form of ATP adenosine P i P

More information

1 Which pathway for aerobic cellular respiration is located in the cytoplasm of the cell?

1 Which pathway for aerobic cellular respiration is located in the cytoplasm of the cell? 1 Which pathway for aerobic cellular respiration is located in the cytoplasm of the cell? glycolysis citric cycle 2 Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding aerobic cellular respiration?

More information

Cellular Metabolism 6/20/2015. Metabolism. Summary of Cellular Respiration. Consists of all the chemical reactions that take place in a cell!

Cellular Metabolism 6/20/2015. Metabolism. Summary of Cellular Respiration. Consists of all the chemical reactions that take place in a cell! Cellular Metabolism Biology 105 Lecture 6 Chapter 3 (pages 56-61) Metabolism Consists of all the chemical reactions that take place in a cell! Cellular metabolism: Aerobic cellular respiration requires

More information

Instructor: Eric Bennett, Ph.D. - Office Hours: Tuesday and Thursday 3-4 pm, Natural Sciences Building, Room 5316

Instructor: Eric Bennett, Ph.D.  - Office Hours: Tuesday and Thursday 3-4 pm, Natural Sciences Building, Room 5316 BIMM134 The Biology of Cancer SPRING 2014 Lectures: WLH 2204 Tuesdays/Thursdays, April 1 June 5 8:00 9:20 AM Instructor: Eric Bennett, Ph.D. email - e1bennett@ucsd.edu Office Hours: Tuesday and Thursday

More information

Glutamine at focus: versatile roles in cancer. Humberto De Vitto, Juan Pérez-Valencia & James A. Radosevich

Glutamine at focus: versatile roles in cancer. Humberto De Vitto, Juan Pérez-Valencia & James A. Radosevich Glutamine at focus: versatile roles in cancer Humberto De Vitto, Juan Pérez-Valencia & James A. Radosevich Tumor Biology Tumor Markers, Tumor Targeting and Translational Cancer Research ISSN 1010-4283

More information

cell respiration bi Biology Junction Everything you need in Biology Cellular Respiration All Materials Cmassengale

cell respiration bi Biology Junction Everything you need in Biology Cellular Respiration All Materials Cmassengale Biology Junction Everything you need in Biology cell respiration bi Cellular Respiration All Materials Cmassengale C6H12O6 + 6O2 > 6CO2 + 6H20 + energy (heat and ATP) Energy http://www.biologyjunction.com/cell_respiration_bi.htm

More information

Cellular Metabolism 9/24/2013. Metabolism. Cellular Metabolism. Consists of all the chemical reactions that take place in a cell!

Cellular Metabolism 9/24/2013. Metabolism. Cellular Metabolism. Consists of all the chemical reactions that take place in a cell! Cellular Metabolism Biology 105 Lecture 6 Chapter 3 (pages 56-61) Metabolism Consists of all the chemical reactions that take place in a cell! Cellular Metabolism Aerobic cellular respiration requires

More information

Identifying Metabolic Phenotype Switches in Cancer Cells Using the Agilent Seahorse XF Analyzer in an Hypoxic Environment

Identifying Metabolic Phenotype Switches in Cancer Cells Using the Agilent Seahorse XF Analyzer in an Hypoxic Environment Identifying Metabolic Phenotype Switches in Cancer Cells Using the Agilent Seahorse XF Analyzer in an Hypoxic Environment Application Note Introduction Decreased oxygen levels, or hypoxia, and hypoxic-mediated

More information

NUTRITION & MALIGNANCY: An Overview

NUTRITION & MALIGNANCY: An Overview NUTRITION & MALIGNANCY: An Overview UNIVERSITY OF PNG SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES DISCIPLINE OF BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PBL MBBS II SEMINAR VJ Temple 1 Malignancy and Weight loss (Cachexia)

More information

Biochemistry: A Short Course

Biochemistry: A Short Course Tymoczko Berg Stryer Biochemistry: A Short Course Second Edition CHAPTER 16 Glycolysis 2013 W. H. Freeman and Company Chapter 16 Outline Why is glucose such a prominent fuel in all life forms? 1. Glucose

More information

How Cells Gain Energy From Food

How Cells Gain Energy From Food How Cells Gain Energy From Food Aerobic Cellular Respiration How cells harvest energy (ATP) from organic molecules (food) using oxygen Cellular respiration requires cells to take in oxygen & glucose &

More information

The human DEK oncogene: metabolic reprogramming of engineered epidermis

The human DEK oncogene: metabolic reprogramming of engineered epidermis The human DEK oncogene: metabolic reprogramming of engineered epidermis Markey Cancer Center, CESB, University of Kentucky 218 Metabolomics Symposium NMR Based Metabolomics Core CESB Co-director, UKY Marion

More information

BIO16 Mapua Institute of Technology

BIO16 Mapua Institute of Technology BIO16 Mapua Institute of Technology The Marathon If somebody challenged you to a run a race, how should you prepare to win? 1. Practice 2. Eat the right foods 3. Drink the right liquids Energy All living

More information

Cellular Metabolism. Biology 105 Lecture 6 Chapter 3 (pages 56-61)

Cellular Metabolism. Biology 105 Lecture 6 Chapter 3 (pages 56-61) Cellular Metabolism Biology 105 Lecture 6 Chapter 3 (pages 56-61) Metabolism Consists of all the chemical reactions that take place in a cell! Cellular Metabolism Aerobic cellular respiration requires

More information

Cellular Respiration. How our body makes ATP, ENERGY!!

Cellular Respiration. How our body makes ATP, ENERGY!! Cellular Respiration How our body makes ATP, ENERGY!! Useable Energy Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP) Adenosine Ribose Sugar 3 Phosphates November 27, 2017 November 27, 2017 Where do our cells get energy?

More information

AperTO - Archivio Istituzionale Open Access dell'università di Torino

AperTO - Archivio Istituzionale Open Access dell'università di Torino AperTO - Archivio Istituzionale Open Access dell'università di Torino From the nucleus to the mitochondria and backthe odyssey of a multitask STAT3 This is the author's manuscript Original Citation: From

More information

Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP

Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP 2009-2010 Ch.8.3 Section Objectives: Compare and contrast cellular respiration and fermentation. Explain how cells obtain energy from cellular respiration.

More information

肿瘤信息学 徐鹰佐治亚大学生化系 吉林大学计算机学院

肿瘤信息学 徐鹰佐治亚大学生化系 吉林大学计算机学院 肿瘤信息学 徐鹰佐治亚大学生化系 吉林大学计算机学院 2 Lecture III Key Drivers of Cancer Initiation and Progression 3 Two Main Schools of Thoughts Cancer is the result of genetic mutations Cancer is the result of altered energy

More information

Living organisms obtain energy by breaking down organic molecules during cellular respiration.

Living organisms obtain energy by breaking down organic molecules during cellular respiration. Section 3: Living organisms obtain energy by breaking down organic molecules during cellular respiration. K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned Essential Questions What are the stages

More information

CLASS 11 th. Respiration in Plants

CLASS 11 th. Respiration in Plants CLASS 11 th 01. Introduction All living cells require continuous supply of energy to perform various vital activities. This energy is released in controlled manner for cellular use via the process of respiration.

More information

Biology Ch 9 Cellular Respiration & Fermentation ( )

Biology Ch 9 Cellular Respiration & Fermentation ( ) Name Class Date Biology Ch 9 Cellular Respiration & Fermentation (9.1-9.2) For Questions 1 10, complete each statement by writing the correct word or words. 1. A calorie is a unit of. 2. The Calorie used

More information

Life is based on redox

Life is based on redox Life is based on redox All energy generation in biological systems is due to redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions Aerobic Respiration: C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 H 2 O ==> 6 CO 2 + 24 H + +24 e - oxidation electron

More information

LAB 6 Fermentation & Cellular Respiration

LAB 6 Fermentation & Cellular Respiration LAB 6 Fermentation & Cellular Respiration INTRODUCTION The cells of all living organisms require energy to keep themselves alive and fulfilling their roles. Where does this energy come from? The answer

More information

Harvesting energy: photosynthesis & cellular respiration part 1I

Harvesting energy: photosynthesis & cellular respiration part 1I Harvesting energy: photosynthesis & cellular respiration part 1I Agenda I. Overview (Big Pictures) of Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration II. Making Glucose - Photosynthesis III. Making ATP - Cellular

More information

Course: PGPathshala-Biophysics Paper 3: THERMODYNAMICS OF LIVING SYSTEMS AND BIOENERGETICS Module 13: ENERGY GENERATION: GLYCOLYSIS

Course: PGPathshala-Biophysics Paper 3: THERMODYNAMICS OF LIVING SYSTEMS AND BIOENERGETICS Module 13: ENERGY GENERATION: GLYCOLYSIS Course: PGPathshala-Biophysics Paper 3: THERMODYNAMICS OF LIVING SYSTEMS AND BIOENERGETICS Module 13: ENERGY GENERATION: GLYCOLYSIS Content Writer: Dr. Radhika Bakhshi, Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied

More information

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Chapter 9

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Chapter 9 Assemble polymers, pump substances across membranes, move and reproduce The giant panda Obtains energy for its cells by eating plants which get

More information

Name: Block: Date: PACKET #8 Unit 3: Energy Transfer, Part II: Cellular Respiration

Name: Block: Date: PACKET #8 Unit 3: Energy Transfer, Part II: Cellular Respiration Name: Block: Date: PACKET #8 Unit 3: Energy Transfer, Part II: Cellular Respiration Reading: BSCS Text chapters 4, 5, and 2.8. Objectives: By the conclusion of this unit the student will be able to: Topic

More information

9-1 Cellular Respiration Slide 1 of 39

9-1 Cellular Respiration Slide 1 of 39 9-1 Cellular Respiration 1 of 39 Learning Targets TN State Standards CLE 3210.3.2 Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. CLE 3216.3.3 Describe how mitochondria make stored chemical energy

More information

Harvesting energy: photosynthesis & cellular respiration

Harvesting energy: photosynthesis & cellular respiration Harvesting energy: photosynthesis & cellular respiration Learning Objectives Know the relationship between photosynthesis & cellular respiration Know the formulae of the chemical reactions for photosynthesis

More information

Energy is stored in the form of ATP!! ADP after ATP is broken down

Energy is stored in the form of ATP!! ADP after ATP is broken down Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration is the process in which plants and animals convert FOOD into ENERGY (ATP!) in their cells. This occurs in the Mitochondria! Energy is stored in the form of ATP!!

More information

AEROBIC RESPIRATION. Chapter 8

AEROBIC RESPIRATION. Chapter 8 AEROBIC RESPIRATION Chapter 8 AEROBIC RESPIRATION Aerobic respiration is the next step after Glycolysis if the cell can obtain oxygen. We won t need it until the last step but we still need it. Remember

More information

Respiration. Respiration. How Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7

Respiration. Respiration. How Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7 How Cells Harvest Energy Chapter 7 Respiration Organisms can be classified based on how they obtain energy: autotrophs: are able to produce their own organic molecules through photosynthesis heterotrophs:

More information

How Did Energy-Releasing Pathways Evolve? (cont d.)

How Did Energy-Releasing Pathways Evolve? (cont d.) How Did Energy-Releasing Pathways Evolve? (cont d.) 7.1 How Do Cells Access the Chemical Energy in Sugars? In order to use the energy stored in sugars, cells must first transfer it to ATP The energy transfer

More information

Physiological Chemistry II Exam IV Dr. Melissa Kelley April 13, 2004

Physiological Chemistry II Exam IV Dr. Melissa Kelley April 13, 2004 Name Write your name on the back of the exam Physiological Chemistry II Exam IV Dr. Melissa Kelley April 13, 2004 This examination consists of forty-four questions, each having 2 points. The remaining

More information

Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Living cells require energy from outside sources Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Photosynthesis generates O 2 and

More information

NOTES: Ch 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Part 1: The Overview

NOTES: Ch 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Part 1: The Overview NOTES: Ch 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Part 1: The Overview Overview: Life Is Work Living cells require energy from outside sources Some animals, such as the giant panda, obtain energy

More information

CELLULAR RESPIRATION. Chapter 7

CELLULAR RESPIRATION. Chapter 7 CELLULAR RESPIRATION Chapter 7 7.1 GLYCOLYSIS AND FERMENTATION If I have a $10.00 bill and a $10.00 check, which is better? ATP is like cash in the cell Glucose, NADH, FADH2 are like checks in a cell.

More information

Photosynthesis in chloroplasts. Cellular respiration in mitochondria ATP. ATP powers most cellular work

Photosynthesis in chloroplasts. Cellular respiration in mitochondria ATP. ATP powers most cellular work Light energy ECOSYSTEM CO + H O Photosynthesis in chloroplasts Cellular respiration in mitochondria Organic molecules + O powers most cellular work Heat energy 1 becomes oxidized (loses electron) becomes

More information

How Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7. Respiration

How Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7. Respiration How Cells Harvest Energy Chapter 7 Respiration Organisms classified on how they obtain energy: autotrophs: produce their own organic molecules through photosynthesis heterotrophs: live on organic compounds

More information

III. 6. Test. Respiració cel lular

III. 6. Test. Respiració cel lular III. 6. Test. Respiració cel lular Chapter Questions 1) What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules? A) anabolic pathways B) catabolic pathways

More information

Section 9-1 Chemical Pathways (pages )

Section 9-1 Chemical Pathways (pages ) Section 9-1 Chemical Pathways (pages 221-225) Key Concepts What is cellular respiration? What happens during the process of glycolysis? What are the two main types of fermentation? Chemical Energy and

More information

Cellular Respiration. Unit 5: Plants, Photosynthesis, and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration. Unit 5: Plants, Photosynthesis, and Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration Unit 5: Plants, Photosynthesis, and Cellular Respiration Overview! Organisms obtain energy (ATP) by breaking down (catabolic pathway, exergonic reaction) organic molecules (glucose)

More information

Cellular Respiration. Release of Energy From Food (glucose)!

Cellular Respiration. Release of Energy From Food (glucose)! Cellular Respiration Release of Energy From Food (glucose)! Energy needs of life Animals are energy consumers What do we need energy for? synthesis (building for growth) reproduction active transport movement

More information

NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript. Mitochondria in cancer: at the crossroads of life and death

NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript. Mitochondria in cancer: at the crossroads of life and death NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Published in final edited form as: Chin J Cancer. 2011 August ; 30(8): 526 539. doi:10.5732/cjc.011.10018. Mitochondria in cancer: at the crossroads of life and death

More information

Early Embryonic Development

Early Embryonic Development Early Embryonic Development Maternal effect gene products set the stage by controlling the expression of the first embryonic genes. 1. Transcription factors 2. Receptors 3. Regulatory proteins Maternal

More information

On metabolic reprogramming and tumor biology: A comprehensive survey of metabolism in breast cancer

On metabolic reprogramming and tumor biology: A comprehensive survey of metabolism in breast cancer /, Vol. 7, No. 41 On metabolic reprogramming and tumor biology: A comprehensive survey of metabolism in breast cancer Judith Penkert 1, Tim Ripperger 1, Maximilian Schieck 1, Brigitte Schlegelberger 1,

More information

Metabolic Shifts in Carbohydrate Metabolism during Embryonic Development of Non-Diapause Eggs of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori

Metabolic Shifts in Carbohydrate Metabolism during Embryonic Development of Non-Diapause Eggs of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori Journal of Insect Biotechnology and Sericology 73, 15-22 (2004) Metabolic Shifts in Carbohydrate Metabolism during Embryonic Development of Non-Diapause Eggs of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori Daisuke Sakano

More information