Case study 1. Rie Horii, M.D., Ph.D. Division of Pathology Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
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1 NCCN/JCCNB Seminar in Japan April 15, 2012 Case study 1 Rie Horii, M.D., Ph.D. Division of Pathology Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
2 Present illness: A 50y.o.premenopausal woman was found abnormal mammogram results and referred to Cancer Institute Hospital. Physical findings: No mass palpable in either bilateral breasts nor bilateral axillary fosses. No nipple discharge. Family history of breast and ovarian cancer: none Past history of breast disease: none Gravitates: three times, Parturition: twice
3 Mammogram at the initial visit Right outer upper area Amorphous grouped calcifications in scope of 5 x 4mm Category 3-2 according to the Japanese MMG Guideline Right CC Right MLO
4 Ultrasound at the initial visit Bilateral breast cysts(mastopathy)
5 Stereo-guided vacuum assisted breast biopsy (Mammotome TM biopsy) 5 samples of 11 gauge needle biopsy Micro-calcifications were confirmed at 3 of 5 samples. Micro-mark was inserted
6 Pathological findings of biopsy specimens
7 Stereo-guided vacuum assisted breast biopsy (Mammotome TM biopsy) 5 samples of 11 gauge needle biopsy Micro-calcifications were confirmed at 3 of 5 samples. Micro-mark was inserted
8 Micro-calcification Original magnification: Objective lens X2 Atypical in situ lesion with micro-calcifications
9 Original magnification: Objective lens X10 A terminal duct-lobular unit with distended acini and secretory luminal contents. The spaces are lined by one to three layers of monotonous atypical cells.
10 Original magnification: Objective lens X40 These cells are columnar and have eosinophilic cytoplasm and oval nucleus with mild atypia. Cytoplasmic snouts are evident. The myoepithelium is indistinct. This lesion was comparable to flat epithelial atypia (FEA) according to the WHO histological classification.
11 Stereo-guided vacuum assisted breast biopsy (Mammotome TM biopsy) 5 samples of 11 gauge needle biopsy Micro-calcifications were confirmed at 3 of 5 samples. Micro-mark was inserted
12 Original magnification: Objective lens X2 Atypical in situ lesion
13 Original magnification: Objective lens X10 A solid growth of monotonous atypical cells fills the duct lumen. A few micro-lumens are evident.
14 Original magnification: Objective lens X40 These cells are cuboidal and have relatively abundant cytoplasm and oval nucleus with mild atypia. The myoepithelium is evident. This lesion was comparable to atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) according to the WHO histological classification.
15 Stereo-guided vacuum assisted breast biopsy (Mammotome TM biopsy) 5 samples of 11 gauge needle biopsy Micro-calcifications were confirmed at 3 of 5 samples. Micro-mark was inserted
16 Original magnification: Objective lens X2 Atypical in situ lesion with micro-calcifications
17 非病変部 病変部 Original magnification: Objective lens X10 A solid growth of atypical cells expands acini of a lobule.
18 Original magnification: Objective lens X40 These cells show mild atypia and loss of cohesion. This lesion was comparable to atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) according to the WHO histological classification.
19 Our diagnosis of the biopsy specimens Atypical in situ lesion of the breast. WHO histological classification - Flat epithelial atypia (FEA) - Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) - Atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) Comments: Benignity or malignancy cannot be determined. Periodic follow up is needed.
20 1 year follow up MMG: No change US: Right outer upper area Low echoic lesion, 5mm in diameter Suspicious of concentrate cyst
21 2 years follow up MMG: No change US: Low echoic lesion, 7mm in diameter (Is growth present?)
22 2 years follow up US-guided aspiration biopsy cytology was performed to the low echoic lesion in the upper outer area of the right breast. Cytological diagnosis is suspicious of malignancy.
23 Preoperative MRI Multiple small nodules are segmentally located near a micro-mark. MIP image Suspicions of DCIS or micro-invasive breast cancer.
24 Operation Right partial mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed. Sentinel lymph nodes showed negative for cancer by frozen sections during the surgery. Axillary lymph nodes dissection was omitted.
25 Specimen mammography of the partial mastectomy material Peripheral site Micro-calcifications Nipple site Micro-mark
26 Whole material is pathologically examined by 5 mm wide serial section Peripheral site Nipple site
27 Pathological findings of surgical materials
28 Our diagnosis of the surgical materials Noninvasive mixed ductal and lobular carcinoma of the breast.
29 Loupe image of the representative section Subcutaneous fat Surgical margin In situ carcinoma
30 Original magnification: Objective lens X10 US-detected lesion shows histological findings of noninvasive ductal carcinoma, cribriform type.
31 Original magnification: Objective lens X40 Cancer cells show the cribriform structure.
32 Loupe image of the representative section Subcutaneous fat Surgical margin Carcinoma in situ
33 Lobular carcinoma in situ Noninvasive ductal carcinoma Transitional zone Original magnification: Objective lens x 4 Two distinct morphological patterns are seen in this area: noninvasive ductal carcinoma on the left and lobular carcinoma in situ on the right. Transitional zone between ductal and lobular carcinoma is seen on the center.
34 Original magnification: Objective lens X10 Noninvasive ductal carcinoma, flat type.
35 Original magnification: Objective lens X40 Noninvasive ductal carcinoma, flat type.
36 Noninvasive ductal carcinoma Flat type Cribriform type Original magnification: Objective lens X40 Cancer cells have relatively abundant cytoplasm, round to oval shaped nucleus and show tubular formations.
37 Micro-calcification Original magnification: Objective lens X10 Lobular carcinoma in situ with a micro-calcification
38 Micro-calcification Original magnification: Objective lens X40 Loosely cohesive cancer cells proliferate beneath the native epithelial cell s lining (pagetoid growth pattern).
39 Original magnification: Objective lens X10 Transitional zone between ductal and lobular carcinoma with micro-calcifications
40 Original magnification: Objective lens X40 Histological structure of this area resembles those of lobular carcinoma in situ, but cancer cells appear more adherent than typical lobular carcinoma in situ.
41 Noninvasive mixed ductal and lobular carcinoma HE E-Cadherin Transitional zone Lobular carcinoma in situ Original magnification: Objective lens X20 Two distinct morphological patterns are seen in this area: lobular carcinoma in situ on the right and transitional zone on the left. Lobular carcinoma cells show negative staining for E-Cadherinin.
42 Surgical margin: negative for cancer. No lymph node metastasis No adjuvant therapy The patient is now alive without any recurrence 4 years after the surgery.
43 Review of pathological findings of biopsy specimens
44 Our diagnosis of the biopsy specimens 1 Atypical in situ lesion of the breast 1. Flat epithelial atypia 2. Atypical ductal hyperplasia 3. Atypical lobular hyperplasia 2 3
45 Biopsy specimen Flat epithelial atypia Surgical specimen Noninvasive ductal carcinoma, flat type Original magnification: Objective lens X40 Pathological findings of FEA resemble those of noninvasive ductal carcinoma, flat type.
46 Biopsy specimen Atypical lobular hyperplasia Surgical specimen Lobular carcinoma in situ Original magnification: Objective lens X40 Pathological findings of ALH resemble those of lobular carcinoma in situ.
47 Biopsy specimen Atypical ductal hyperplasia Biopsy specimen Flat epithelial atypia Original magnification: Objective lens X40 Cytological findings of ADH resemble those of FEA.
48 Review of pathological findings of biopsy specimens Lesions which were diagnosed as atypical in situ lesion in the biopsy specimens could be parts of noninvasive carcinoma.
49 Discussion points for the case (A) Pathological diagnosis of this case - Surgical specimen - Biopsy specimen (B) Management of this case after needle biopsy
50 Our diagnosis of the surgical materials Noninvasive mixed ductal and lobular carcinoma of the breast.
51 Discussion (A): Surgical specimen What would be your diagnosis of the surgical specimen? What would be your terminology of noninvasive What would be your terminology of noninvasive carcinoma which have both ductal and lobular components?
52 Our diagnosis of the biopsy specimens 1 Atypical in situ lesion of the breast 1. Flat epithelial atypia 2. Atypical ductal hyperplasia 3. Atypical lobular hyperplasia 2 3
53 Discussion (A) : Biopsy specimen What would be your diagnosis of the biopsy specimen? After seeing the surgical specimen, did you change your diagnosis of the biopsy specimen? What would be your terminology of these lesions?
54 Mixed ductal and lobular carcinoma Noninvasive carcinoma Noninvasive ductal carcinoma Lobular carcinoma in situ Invasive carcinoma Invasive and/or noninvasive ductal carcinoma Invasive and/or noninvasive lobular carcinoma
55 Mixed ductal and lobular carcinoma Mixed ductal and lobular carcinoma often contains noninvasive ductal carcinoma, flat type and lobular carcinoma in situ. When only these components are sampled by a needle biopsy, pathological diagnosis of mixed ductal and lobular carcinoma is difficult. Mixed ductal and lobular carcinoma should be considered, when both FEA and ALH are seen in a needle biopsy specimen.
56 Discussion (B): Management of this case after needle biopsy When atypical in situ lesion was found in needle biopsy specimen Excision? Re-needle biopsy? Follow up? by MMG or US? Interval? Indication for re-biopsy?
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