Cancer Research and the Media: What to believe and what not? Dr Carl Albrecht: Head of Research CANSA Stellenbosch, 5 November, 2013

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1 Cancer Research and the Media: What to believe and what not? Dr Carl Albrecht: Head of Research CANSA Stellenbosch, 5 November, 2013

2 2063 CANCER FREE

3

4 These data include updated tables for 117 chemicals in the Fourth Report, 2009 and tables for 34 new chemicals.

5 We have been harmed

6 The 7 main causes of cancer SMOKING 30% VIRUSES 20% CHEMICALS 15% OBESITY 15% ALCOHOL 5% SUNLIGHT 5% GENETICS 10% TOTAL 100%

7

8 What can we do? Fight smoking Vaccinate against viruses Ban bad chemicals Promote healthy eating, drinking Beware of UVA and UVB

9 Prevention better than cure: Motsoaledi South Africa's healthcare model needs to shift from being "hospi-centric" to more preventative if the country is to win the fight against the burden of diseases, Health Minister Aaron Motsoaledi says. Apr 29, :53 AM By Sapa

10 Prevention is the cure of cancer. Intellectuals solve problems; geniuses prevent them. Albert Einstein

11 CANCER RESEARCH MEETS THE MEDIA SPREADING THE TRUTH

12

13 WHY WE NEED TO BE CAREFUL MORE THAN EVER BEFORE Author: Ocorrafoo Cobange Location: Wassee Institute of Medicine in Asmara Study: Anti-cancer properties of a chemical from a lichen. Status: Accepted by 150 open access journals.

14 WHY WE NEED TO BE CAREFUL MORE THAN EVER BEFORE STING OPERATION!!!! AUTHOR, INSTITUTION AND STUDY DO NOT EXIST. OPEN-ACCESS IS BIG BUSINESS. You pay. PEER-REVIEW NOT A TOP PRIORITY SO WHAT DO YOU BELIEVE?

15 Social impact of cancer There are few illnesses as terrifying in the public consciousness as cancer. With up to a third of us getting cancer at some stage in our lives, it is almost impossible to remain untouched by the disease. As an ominous reminder of our mortality, cancer scares us to the point that discussions about it are often avoided and the language we use is couched in euphemisms

16 Examples of Cancer Myths Six stubborn myths about cancer The internet is awash with misinformation about cancer, with potentially tragic consequences for patients David Robert Grimes theguardian.com, Friday 30 August 2013

17 Anatomy of a myth Lie Truth

18 Famous cancer myths CANCER RATES ARE RISING MAIN CAUSE OF CANCER IS AGING. PEOPLE ARE LIVING LONGER

19 Famous cancer myths CANCER UPDATE FROM JOHN HOPKINS HOSPITAL FALSE/FAKE

20 Famous cancer myths CANOLA OIL IS POISONOUS CANOLA OIL IS HEALTHY

21 Famous cancer myths CANCER IS A MODERN DISEASE CANCER IS AN ANCIENT DISEASE BUT THE INCIDENCE IS HIGHER THAN BEFORE

22 Famous cancer myths RADIOTHERAPY AND CHEMOTHERAPY ARE POISONS THEY ARE POISONS BUT AFFECT MUTANT CANCER CELLS WORSE THAN NORMAL CELLS. There are 13 million cancer survivors in the US today. Many thanks to this therapy.

23 Famous cancer myths POTENTIALLY THERE IS A CURE FOR CANCER. ALL THAT IS NECESSARY IS MORE MONEY AND RESEARCH. THERE COULD BE MORE THAN 1000 TYPES OF CANCER. FOR A CURE EVERY SINGLE CANCER CELL MUST BE KILLED CURES FOR SOME CANCERS IS LIKELY.

24 Famous cancer myths SHARKS DON T GET CANCER. SHARKS DO GET CANCER SHARK CARTILEGE DOES NOT CURE CANCER

25 Famous cancer myths CANCER INDUSTRY IS SUPPRESSING A CHEAP CURE IN ORDER TO MAINTAIN A $200 BILLION CASHFLOW. IF BIG PHARMA HAD THE CURE WHY NOT SELL IT? Whoever did would have an extra market of & $60 billion p.a.

26 Cures for Cancer To quote the late, great Patrick Swayze, who died of pancreatic cancer in 2009: "If anybody had that cure out there like so many people swear to me they do, you'd be two things: you'd be very rich, and you'd be very famous. Otherwise, shut up."

27 Cures for cancer While the internet is a potentially fantastic source for information great care must be taken to avoid treating spurious information as factual. Carl Sagan's famous dictum that, "Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence", should always be kept in mind when dealing with promises of miracle cures.

28 Anatomy of a myth Lie Truth

29 CANCER RESEARCH MEETS THE MEDIA SPREADING THE TRUTH

30

31 Three steps to shape belief

32 Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence

33 THIS IS TAKE-HOME MESSAGE NO.1 Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence

34 If you broadcast an extraordinary claim without extraordinary evidence. Shame on you.

35 PRACTICAL EXAMPLE YOU ARE SENT INFORMATION THAT CANNABIS CAN CURE CANCER. HOW DO YOU DECIDE IF YOU CAN BELIEVE THIS OR NOT?

36 Cannabis can CURE CANCER - cheaply and without getting you high Amazing jazz-cigarette breakthrough by London medical boffins By Lewis Page, 15th October 2013

37 Use your own judgement Gut feel Where from? Who is who? Somebody selling something? Un-truth buried in truth syndrome

38 Evaluation: phase 1 1. Names. Dr Wai Liu. 2. Location. St George's Hospital Medical School 3. Journal. Anticancer Research 4. Clinical work?

39 Consult the Internet Google Sites with gravitas Pubmed

40 Phase 2. Ask the audience Google. Pro and con. Pubmed 4 abstracts found

41 4 Results: 4 Select item Enhancing the activity of cannabidiol and other cannabinoids in vitro through modifications to drug combinations and treatment schedules. Scott KA, Shah S, Dalgleish AG, Liu WM. Anticancer Res Oct;33(10): PMID: [PubMed - in process] Related citations Select item Cannabis-derived substances in cancer therapy--an emerging anti-inflammatory role for the cannabinoids. Liu WM, Fowler DW, Dalgleish AG. Curr Clin Pharmacol Nov;5(4): Review. PMID: [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Related citations Select item Enhancing the in vitro cytotoxic activity of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in leukemic cells through a combinatorial approach. Liu WM, Scott KA, Shamash J, Joel S, Powles TB. Leuk Lymphoma Sep;49(9): doi: / PMID: [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Related citations Select item Cannabis-induced cytotoxicity in leukemic cell lines: the role of the cannabinoid receptors and the MAPK pathway. Powles T, te Poele R, Shamash J, Chaplin T, Propper D, Joel S, Oliver T, Liu WM. Blood Feb 1;105(3): Epub 2004 Sep 28

42 Anticancer Res Oct;33(10): Enhancing the activity of cannabidiol and other cannabinoids in vitro through modifications to drug combinations and treatment schedules. Scott KA, Shah S, Dalgleish AG, Liu WM. Source Dept of Oncology, Division of Clinical Sciences, St. George's, University of London, 2nd Floor, Jenner Wing, London, SW17 0RE, U.K. Abstract Cannabinoids are the bioactive components of the Cannabis plant that display a diverse range of therapeutic qualities. We explored the activity of six cannabinoids, used both alone and in combination in leukaemic cells. Cannabinoids were cytostatic and caused a simultaneous arrest at all phases of the cell cycle. Re-culturing pretreated cells in drug-free medium resulted in dramatic reductions in cell viability. Furthermore, combining cannabinoids was not antagonistic. We suggest that the activities of some cannabinoids are influenced by treatment schedules; therefore, it is important to carefully select the most appropriate strategy in order to maximise their efficacy

43 Consult an expert Consult expert Phone Send story

44 Phone a friend ONCOLOGIST PLANT EXPERT BIOCHEMIST/PHARMACOLOGIST /CANCER EXPERT

45 ASK THE AUDIENCE CANSA QUACKWATCH SNOPES CANCER RESEARCH UK AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY MEMORIAL SLOAN KETTERING CANCER CENTER

46 Famous cancer myths CANNABIS CAN CURE CANCER FALSE NO EVIDENCE OF SELECTIVE TOXICITY IN TISSUE CULTURE NO CLINICAL EVIDENCE OF A CURE

47 MASSIVE CANCER BREAKTHROUGH An example of really bad journalism re cancer Massive cancer breakthrough at UFS Health24 sive-disease-breakthrough-at- UFS... May 6, A massive breakthrough in the way human diseases are treated has been made by researchers at the University of the Free State.

48 MASSIVE BREAKTHROUGH IN MY 40 YEARS OF CANCER RESEARCH, I HAVE NEVER SEEN THESE TWO WORDS TOGETHER, I.E. MASSIVE BREAKTHROUGH. New cure for cancer No New cause of cancer discovered No New prevention for cancer discovered-no So what was discovered?

49 Major breakthrough in cancer research at UFS 17:38 (GMT+2), Mon, 06 May 2013 Bloemfontein - A team of researchers from the University of the Free State have made a breakthrough in the treatment of human diseases, especially cancer. The researchers unlocked the so-called missing link that explains the existence of bubbles inside yeast cells, thus creating a possible technique for tracking drug and chemotherapy treatment in human cells. The team will work together with researchers from the Mayo Clinic in the United States in aiming to assist the Mayo team to target treatments more effectively. According to Professor Lodewyk Kock from the Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology Department at the UFS, the study allowed them to see where no-one has been able to see before. Kock says the technique they developed to look inside the yeast cells has potential for further cell research in cancer treatment or any other investigation into the working of cells. - Duane Petrus, Media statement

50

51 This is one of the worst reports I have ever seen concerning cancer research. The words massive breakthrough take this story to the top of the Google list.

52 There is absolutely no way this story can be labelled as a massive breakthrough in cancer research. It looks like a naïve statement made and repeated by inexperienced journalists. It gives false hopes to the estimated cancer patients in South Africa at any time.

53 OUTCOME OF EVALUATION

54 IF IN DOUBT DON T

55 IF IT FITS AND YOU BELIEVE IN IT. GO FOR IT.

56 SPREADING THE TRUTH

57

58 Prevention is the cure of cancer. Intellectuals solve problems; geniuses prevent them. Albert Einstein

59 Thank You

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