IMPACT OF SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND AWARENESS ON HEALTH SEEKING BEHAVIOUR OF CERVICAL CANCER PATIENTS IN DAR ES SALAAM, TANZANIA.
|
|
- Francis Webb
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 IMPACT OF SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND AWARENESS ON HEALTH SEEKING BEHAVIOUR OF CERVICAL CANCER PATIENTS IN DAR ES SALAAM, TANZANIA. ELVIS S. ARIGA 1 AND PHARES G.M. MUJINJA 1 1 Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania Corresponding author address: elvisafary@gmail.com ABSTRACT Cervical cancer is a serious disease among women in Tanzania. A quantitative cross sectional study was conducted to determine source of information and knowledge on health seeking behavior of cervical cancer patients in Dar salaam, Tanzania. Data was collected, entered and analyzed using SPSS The relationships between variables and outcome were determined by Chi-square test, Odds ratio and Multivariate logistic regression at p<0.05. Age, perception, source of message, and knowledge of symptoms were significant in health seeking behavior. Main source of information were relatives and friends (67.5%) and media (62.9%). Awareness was high, however only 17.8% understood cervical cancer messages very well. Decision to seek medical treatment was influenced by; role of individual on treatment (OR=1.7, 95%CI ), positive perception of the disease (OR=1.3, 95%CI ) and level of understanding of the messages received. Wide community based education and awareness programs, through multi about cervical cancer is needed. KEY WORDS: information, awareness, health seeking behavior, cervical cancer patients, Tanzania 40
2 1.0 INTRODUCTION Cervical Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells that arise from the cervix (American Cancer Society, 2010). A study estimated that about 12.7 million cancer cases and 7.6 million cancer deaths have occurred in 2008 (Anorlu, 2008). Cervical cancer is a major disease burden and the highest gynecological malignant in developing countries (Holschneider, 2007 and Mosha, 2009). The same authors reported that it is the most common cancer related health problem contributing to a mortality rate of 34 deaths per 100,000/year (4 times global mortality rate of 9/100,000). The incidence of cervical cancer is very low in women under age of 25 years but increases at age of years (Anorlu, 2008). An age standardized incidence rate (ASR) of invasive cervical cancer is reported to be 42.7 per 100,000 women in East Africa, 38.2 in Southern Africa, 28 in Central Africa and 29.3 in Western Africa (Ferlay, 2004; Parkin and Bray, 2006). One of the reasons for the high incidence rate is the lack of early detection of precancerous lesions and treatment of the lesions before they progress (Anorlu, 2008). In East Africa, cervical cancer accounts for 13.7% leading among all malignant diseases and its magnitude in Tanzania is high contributing to 6000 deaths annually among women of all sub-ages (WHO, 2010). In a study conducted in Zimbabwe to investigate rural women s perception of information on cervical cancer and their understanding of symptoms and screening services, 95.8% had received some information but had never gone for screening (Mangoma, 2006). The author concluded that lack of knowledge about the need and importance of screening, poor social marketing of the local screening programs, lack of resources, men s failure to support their partners and shyness were cited as the major delaying factors to screening. However, in a study conducted in Nigeria among health workers to identify factors that influence information and utilization of screening services for cervical cancer, it was found out that 65.2% of the female health workers received information about screening services and 64.7% were aware of screening services for cervical cancer and its availability (Gharoro and Ikeanyi, 2006). Nevertheless, the same authors found poor screening uptake, concluding that awareness of information of cervical cancer screening services alone might not be a guarantee for screening services uptake. A number of factors contribute to low turn up in seeking treatment among cervical cancer patients. These factors include social-economic factors (Kerubo, 2011 and Mutyaba, 2006), limited knowledge on symptoms and signs, limited financial resources, limited accessibility and unavailability of screening facilities (Eleanor et al, 2012), lack of anti-cancer medicines and diagnostic machines (Frida, 2012), health system factors (Kristin, 2011; Mutyaba, 2006), socio-cultural, demographic, infrastructure, knowledge, attitude, belief, access, time and cancer stages (Samur, 2002). In Tanzania, Ocean Road Cancer Institute (ORCI) is the only cancer facility, which provides radiotherapy, and only few cases get combined therapy. This leads to poor outcome and congestion as it is the only one that serves as a referral facility for all regions in Tanzania (Kahesa, 2008). This study was conducted to determine impact of source of information and awareness on health seeking behavior of cervical cancer patients in Dar salaam, Tanzania. 41
3 2.0 METHODOLOGY 2.1 Research area and design The study was done at Ocean Road Cancer Institute (ORCI) in Dar Es Salaam, located along the Indian Ocean in Ilala Municipality. The study employed a cross sectional explorative design. 2.2 Study population, sample size and sampling The study population comprised of women either inpatient or outpatient with new proven cases of cervical cancer treated at ORCI from January to April The sample size n was obtained using the formula developed by Cochran (2006) for populations that are large. n = [Z² P (100- P)]/E 2 ; Where: n = minimum sample size to be estimated; Z = critical value of the standard normal distribution for the 95% confidence interval around the true population (1.96); P = Proportion of utilization of treatment among cervical cancer patients (86.5%) according to a study by OCRI, Tanzania, (2014); E = margin of error (5%). Hence, n = [ *86.5( )]/5 2 resulting in 179 households plus a non response of 10% giving a total of 197 households. In a month about cervical cancer patients are seen. All in-patients and outpatients who came for treatment within the study period were included until the sample size was obtained. 2.3 Data collection and ethical issues Quantitative data was collected during face to face interviews with respondents using semi structured closed ended questionnaires. Pre-testing of the instrument was conducted to test for clarity of the questions and where necessary questions were modified to achieve the desired outcome of the study. Ethical issues involved clearance from Research and Publication Committee of Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences and authorities of Ocean Road Cancer Institute. Interviewee consent was acquired and respondents were assured of non disclosure of identity. 2.4 Data analysis and presentation Data was cleaned, entered in excel and analyzed using SPSS (20.0). Associations between dependent and independent variables were assessed by Chi-square test and Odds ratio. Multivariate logistic regression model (Table 6) was used to determine variable that significantly contributed to the outcome (Access to care). Significance level was set at p < Data was presented in frequency and percentage tables. 3.0 RESULTS 3.1 Socio-demographic characteristics of household members A total of 197 new cases of women, with cervical cancer, aged years participated in the study. The respondents mean age was 50 years (SD ±11) with a large proportion (37.1%) of them aged years old, followed by years (29.4%). Only 6.1% were 70 years and above (Table 1). Most respondents (62.9%) were married while 18.3% were divorced or separated. Those widowed were 15.7% and 3% never married (Table 2). Majority of respondents (49.2%) had primary education followed by those with formal education (32.5%). Those who achieved secondary and higher education were 14.2% and 4.1% respectively (Table 3). 42
4 More than half of the respondents (54.8%) were peasants followed by business women (23.4%), non employed (14.2%) and employed (7.6%). Number of household members (Table 4) shows that half (50.3%) of the respondents came from families with more than 6 household members, followed by those with 4-6 people (29.9%) and 1-3 people (19.8%). 3.2 Influence of socio-demographic factors on acting upon received messages to seek treatment There were significant differences among age groups and received messages about cervical cancer that induced decision to seek medical treatment (p<0.001, chi-square = and df=4). Women in the age group years old (88%) were more likely to be induced by messages that provoked them to seek medical treatment than older age groups (Table 1). Table 1: Age (years) of respondents induced by message to seek treatment Age category (years) n (%) Induced by messages to seek treatment; n (%) Statistics (12.7%) 22(88.0%) (37.1%) 58 (79.5%) χ2 = (29.4) 38(65.5%) df = (14.7) 22(75.9%) P < (6.1) 3(25.0) Total 197(100%) 43
5 Marital status was not significantly associated with induction of messages to seek medical treatment (p=0.211 chi square=6.938 and df=3). However respondents who were never married (83.3%) were more likely to seek medical treatment than those who were married (75%) as shown (Table 2). Table 2: Marital status of respondents induced by message to seek treatment Marital status n (%) Induced by messages to seek treatment; n (%) Statistics Never married 6(3.1%) 5 (83.3%) χ2 =6.938 Married 124(62.9%) 93 (75%) df = 3 Divorced/Separated 36(18.3%) 27 (74%) P = Widow 31(15.7%) 18 (58.1%) Total 197(100%) Results showed that 57.8% of married women have to ask for permission to seek medical treatment while those never married (71.4%) do not need to ask for permission to seek for medical treatment. Education level (Table 3) was significantly associated with stimulation of messages to seek medical treatment (p=0.034, chi square=4.938 and df=3). Table 3: Education level of respondents induced by message to seek treatment Education level n (%) Induced by messages to seek treatment; n (%) Statistics No formal education 64(32.5%) 46 (67.6%) χ2 = Primary education 97(42.9%) 66 (69.5%) df = 3 Secondary education 28(14.2%) 19 (90.5%) P = Higher education 8(4.1%) 12 (92.3%) Total 197(100%) 44
6 Women with higher education level (92.3%) were induced by messages to seek medical treatment than those with no formal education (67.6%). Number of household members (Table 4) was significantly associated with induction of messages to seek medical treatment (p=0.003, chi square=1.316 and df=2). Women living in household with more than 6 members (68.8%) were less likely to be influenced by the messages to seek treatment compared to those with less (1-3) members (77.4%). Table 4: No of household members by induction of message to seek treatment Household members n (%) Induced by messages to seek treatment; n (%) Statistics 1-3 members 53(19.8%) 41 (77.4%) χ2 = members 64(29.9%) 45 (70.3%) df = 2 >6 members 80(50.3%) 55 (68.8%) P = Total 197(100%) 45
7 3.3 Source of information, understanding of message and awareness of symptoms. Results (Table 5) showed that respondents (67.5%) mentioned that relatives/friends were the main source of information of cervical cancer messages. Media (TV, Radio, Newspaper and cell phones) accounted for 62.9% while books informed 9.1% and internet (6.6%). About 77.2% of women have heard and received cervical cancer messages however only 17.8% of respondents, understood the message they received very well while 21.3% most of it, 37.1% a little and 28.8 did not understand at all the message they received (Table 5). Table 5: Source of information, understanding and symptoms awareness of cervical cancer Parameter Frequency Percentage Source of information Internet Media Relatives/friends Books Level of understanding of messages received Understood message very well Understood most of it Understood a little Did not understand at all Knowledge of cervical cancer symptoms Pelvic/beck pain Heavy menstruation Abnormal vaginal bleeding Nausea/fatigue Anaemia Urinal problems
8 Women (60%) between the age group of years old understood messages they received very well than those of 70 years old and above (8.3%). Women with higher level of education (30.8%) were more likely to understand very well messages received about cervical cancer than women with no formal education level (11.8%). Respondents were tested on understanding symptoms of cervical cancer (Table 5). Women (85.8%) mentioned that abnormal vaginal bleeding was the major symptom of cervical cancer followed by pelvic/back pain (76.1%), fatigue (55%), heavy menstruation (38.6%) and urinal problems (28.9%). Multivariate logistic regression model for messages understood to induce participants to seek medical treatment revealed that age, perception, source of message, and knowledge of symptoms were significant. Family as a source of message significantly contributed to positive health seeking behavior (Table 6). Table 6: Definition of variables in Multivariate logistic regression model Variables Dependents Message Understood Utilization Descriptions Was the message received understood? 1=yes, 2=no Did you utilize health center? 1=yes, 2=no Independent Age (years) (AGE) Age of the respondents in years Marital status (MS) Respondents marital status Occupation (OCC) Occupational level of the respondents Education level (EL) Participants level of education Perception (PER) Was the perception positive or negative Household size (HHS) Number of family members in the household Message from family (MF) Messages received from family members Sources of message (SoM) Source of information Knowledge of symptoms Knowledge of cervical cancer symptoms (KS) Y 1 = α + B 1 AGE + B 2 MS+ B 3 OCC + B 4 EL+ B 5 PER + B 6 HHS + B 7 MF+ B 8 SoM+ B 9 KS 47
9 Table 7: Multivariate logistic regression model for messages understood to induce participants to seek medical treatment OR SE 95% CI p-value Age (years) Marital status Never married (Ref) 1 Married Divorced/separated Widowed Occupation Education level Perception Household size Message from family Source of message Knowledge of symptoms Number of participants log likelihood (x 2 ) a Nagelkerke R Cox & Snell R Log likelihood at p=
10 4.0 DISCUSSION 4.1 Influence of socio-demographic factors on acting on received messages to seek treatment Socio-demographic indicators such as age, marital status, occupation, level of education and dependant household members are relevant in studies associated with seeking cervical cancer treatment (Park et al., 2011). The study showed that age, level of education and number of household members haves significant role to ensure early seeking of medical treatment. This is because young women with higher education level receive cervical cancer messages from multiple sources and have better understanding of cervical cancer and hence seek early medical treatment. This association is consistent with other studies, which suggest that level of education and age induce health-seeking behavior through its effect on level of knowledge understood about cervical cancer (Nene, et al., 2007). Other socio-demographic characteristics like marital status and occupation were not significantly associated with inducing decision to seek cervical cancer medical treatment. However, a study carried out among African women revealed that employed and married women had a higher compliance to cervical cancer treatment (Singh, 2002). 4.2 Source of information, understanding of message and awareness of symptoms Cervical cancer messages received among respondents was high, however only a few of the respondents understood the messages they received very well. This was because majority of women were peasants who did not have access to any source of cervical cancer messages. Some had low level of education, and therefore could not comprehend the messages they received on cervical cancer in order to help influence them to seek treatment. Studies conducted in several Sub-Saharan African Countries among health care workers reported a low level of understanding cervical cancer screening messages that patients received (Ghororo and Ikeanyi, 2006). The low level of understanding received messages are in contrast to studies done in Developed Countries where about 60% to 80% of women reported to have knowledge on specifically cervical cancer screening messages received. This difference in perception of messages could be due to effective communication program, strong economic power, women empowerment and adequate mass media campaign found in developed countries (Ghororo and Ikeanyi, 2006). In this study majority of respondents received cervix cancer information from relatives/friends. Majority of respondents had adequate knowledge of cervical cancer symptoms and sources of information. Despite all these information, there were still a small proportion of women who seek medical treatment early. These findings are consistent to those of Were et al., (2011) which revealed a significant association between knowledge on information about cervical cancer development and better uptake of screening services. Mangoma, (2006), reported that lack of knowledge about the need and importance of medical treatment and signs and symptoms, lack of resources and poor social marketing of cervical cancer programs were the major impeding factors to seeking cervical cancer medical treatment. This concurred with Eleanor et al, (2012), who listed limited knowledge on symptoms and signs, limited financial resources, limited accessibility and unavailability of screening facilities. Another study conducted in Tanzania showed that low knowledge of basic symptoms of cervical malignancies and limited access to information did not induce decision to seek medical treatment and consequently led to delay in treatment (Kilewo, 2002). 49
11 5.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author would like to acknowledge the input, guidance and support accorded by the research study supervisor. Thanks to Professor Emmanuel Safary Ariga (CAVS, University of Nairobi) for extensive critic of this manuscript. Special thanks go to Ocean Road Cancer Institute (ORCI) for allowing the study and cervical cancer patients for volunteering information. 6.0 References American Cancer Society (ACA) Cancer facts and figures; Atlanta. Anorlu, R. (2008). Cervical Cancer: the Sub-Saharan perspective. Reproductive Health Matters Journal; 16 (32): Cochran, G. W. (2006). Sampling techniques (4 th Ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons Ferlay, J. (2004). Cancer incidence and mortality. Annals of Oncology 16 (3): Frida, S. (2012). Effects of screening on the risk estimates of socio-demographic factors on cervical cancer. A large cohort study from Rural India. Gharoro, E and Ikeanyi, E. (2006). An appraisal of the level of awareness and utilization of the cervical cancer screening test among female health workers in a tertiary health institution. International Journal & Gynecological cancer, vol Holschneider, C. H. (2007). Pre-malignant and malignant disorder of uterine cervix. Current principle of obstetrics and gynaecology 10 th Ed New York: Mc Graw Hill Kahesa, C., Mwaiselage, J., Wabinga, H.R., Ngoma, T., Kalyango, J.N. and Karamagi, L. (2008). Association between invasive cancer of the cervix and HIV-1 infection in Tanzania: The need for dual screening. BMC Public Health, 8:262 doi: : Kerubo, D. (2011). A comparative study on the prevalence of cervical dysplasic and cervical cancer among women attending Webuye cervical cancer clinic and Marigat District Hospital, Webuye, Kenya. Kilewo, CD K.H, Moshiro, C. (2002). Knowledge and attitude of female patients admitted at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar Es Salaam, East African Journal 79 (9): Mangoma, J.F., Chirenje, M.Z., Chimbari, M.J., Chandiwana, S.K. (2006). An assessment of rural women s know, constraints and perceptions of cervical cancer screening: The case of two districts in Zimbabwe. African Journal Reproductive Health; 10 (1): Mosha, D. (2009). Factors associated with management of cervical cancer patients at KCMC hospital, Tanzania. Tanzania Journal of Health Research, 2: Mutyaba, T, Mmiro, F.A., & Weiderpass, E. (2006). Knowledge Attitude and Practice in cervical cancer screening among medical workers of Mulago Hospital; Uganda. BMC Medical Federation 6:13 50
12 Park, M., Park, E., Choi, K., Jun, J., and Lee, K. (2011). Socio-demographic gradients in breast and cervical cancer screening in Korea: Korean National Cancer Screening Survey. BMC Cancer 11:257. Parkin, D. M., and Bray, F. (2006). The Global health burden of infection-associated cancer. Int. J. Cancer 2006 June 15; 118 (12) Samur, C. (2002). Factors involved in the delay of treatment initiation for cervical cancer patients: A nationwide population-based study, Medicine, Baltimore. Singh G.K. (2002). Socio-demographic predictors of PAP test, currency and knowledge among Australian women. Prev Med; 35: Were, E., Nyaberi, Z., and Buziba, N. (2006). Perception of risk and barriers to cervical cancer screening at Moi Teaching and Refferal Hospital, Uganda. BMC Edu; World Health Organization (2010). Comprehensive cervical cancer control: A guide to essential practice. 2 nd edition. 51
JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC RESEARCH FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY Impact Factor 3.114, ISSN: , Volume 5, Issue 5, June 2017
FAMILY ROLE AND CAUSES OF DELAY IN SEEKING TREATMENT BY CERVICAL CANCER PATIENTS AFTER DIAGNOSIS IN DAR ES SAALAM, TANZANIA ELVIS S. ARIGA 1 PHARES G.M. MUJINJA 1 1 Muhimbili University of Health and Allied
More informationA Cross Sectional Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Cervical Cancer Screening Among Women in Thiruvanmiyur, Chennai
A Cross Sectional Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Cervical Cancer Screening Among Women in Thiruvanmiyur, Chennai Sneha Sethumadhavan (1), Chitra. A (1) Abstract Aims: To assess the knowledge,
More informationDETERMINANTS OF CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING PRACTICE AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN NYARIBARI CHACHE SUB-COUNTY
DETERMINANTS OF CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING PRACTICE AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN NYARIBARI CHACHE SUB-COUNTY 1 Godner Bwari Peter, 1 Rose Olayo (PhD), 1 George Ayodo (PhD) 1 School of Health Science,
More informationFactors associated with management of cervical cancer patients at KCMC Hospital, Tanzania: a retrospective cross-sectional study
70 Factors associated with management of cervical cancer patients at KCMC Hospital, Tanzania: a retrospective cross-sectional study D. MOSHA 1*, M. MAHANDE 1, J. AHAZ 1, M. MOSHA 1, B. NJAU 2, B. KITALI
More informationKnowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding Cervical Cancer Screening Amongst Women visiting Tertiary Centre in Kathmandu, Nepal
Original Article Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding Cervical Cancer Screening Amongst Women visiting Tertiary Centre in Kathmandu, Nepal Shrestha S, 1* Saha R, 2 Tripathi N 3 1 Department of Obstetrics
More informationBreast cancer and self-examination knowledge among Tanzanian women: implications for breast cancer health education
64 Breast cancer and self-examination knowledge among Tanzanian women: implications for breast cancer health education T.A. NGOMA & M. NGOMA Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Abstract:
More informationIntroduction. Keywords: cancer, anaemia, haemoglobin, radiotherapy, Tanzania. Volume 18, Number 2, April 2016
Tanzania Journal of Health Research Volume 18, Number 2, April 2016 Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v18i2.3 Anaemia prevalence and factors associated with haemoglobin change following radiotherapy
More informationHealth Conduct of the Midwives of Yopougon-East (Abidjan, Cote D ivoire) District Concerning the Womb Neck Cancer
ISSN: 2354-2381 Submitted: 17/10/2016 Accepted: 22/10/2016 Published: 31/10/2016 DOI: http://doi.org/10.15580/gjeph.2016.2.101716172 Health Conduct of the Midwives of Yopougon-East (Abidjan, Cote D ivoire)
More informationABSTRACT. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out using questionnaires administered to female nurses and doctors
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice regarding personal cervical cancer screening among Clinical Staff Working in Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Two Tertiary Institutions in Jamaica L Campbell 1 G Reynolds
More informationInternational Journal of Health Sciences and Research ISSN:
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research www.ijhsr.org ISSN: 2249-9571 Original Research Article Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Early Detection
More informationParental Attitudes toward Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine Participation of Adolescent Daughters in a Rural Population
Diversity and Equality in Health and Care (2018) 15(4): 164-168 2018 Insight Medical Publishing Group Research Article Parental Attitudes toward Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine Participation of Adolescent
More informationFactors influencing smoking among secondary school pupils in Ilala Municipality Dar es Salaam March 2007 By: Sadru Green (B.Sc.
tamsa Volume 15.qxd:Layout 1 6/9/08 3:51 PM Page 14 Factors influencing smoking among secondary school pupils in Ilala Municipality Dar es Salaam March 2007 By: Sadru Green (B.Sc. EHS3 2006/2007) ABSTRACT
More informationChoice of place for childbirth: prevalence and correlates of utilization of health facilities in Chongwe district, Zambia
Choice of place for childbirth: prevalence and correlates of utilization of health facilities in Chongwe district, Zambia * Hazemba AN, Siziya S Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University
More informationCORRELATES OF DELAYED INITIATION OF TREATMENT AFTER CONFIRMED DIAGNOSIS UNDER RNTCP: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY IN AHMEDABAD MUNICIPAL CORPORATION, INDIA
Original Article CORRELATES OF DELAYED INITIATION OF TREATMENT AFTER CONFIRMED DIAGNOSIS UNDER RNTCP: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY IN AHMEDABAD MUNICIPAL CORPORATION, INDIA Financial Support: None declared
More informationConference Item (paper)
Eliud Wekesa and Ernestina Coast "Just like a taste of water which is too little to quench the thirst": condom use among people living with HIV/AIDS in Nairobi urban slums Conference Item (paper) Original
More informationStudy of awareness about early detection of cervical cancer by pap smear screening amongst women of Bhavnagar District
Original Research Article Study of awareness about early detection of cervical cancer by pap smear screening amongst women of Bhavnagar District Vandana N Patel 1, Piyush K Solanki 2, Harshid L Patel 3*
More informationRunning head: MEDIA AND HIV/AIDS STIGMA IN KENYA. Mass media and HIV/AIDS stigma among women in urban and rural areas: Findings from
Running head: MEDIA AND HIV/AIDS STIGMA IN KENYA Mass media and HIV/AIDS stigma among women in urban and rural areas: Findings from the 2008/09 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey Elijah O. Onsomu 1 *,
More informationKnowledge and Attitude of Women Towards Pap Smear Test and Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine
ORIGINAL ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Knowledge and Attitude of Women Towards Pap Smear Test and Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine Sadia Suboohi, 1* Saba Pario, 1 Shahnaz Hassan Siddiqui 1 ABSTRACT Objective Study
More informationAssessment of Knowledge, Attitude and. Ethiopia, 2016
Research Article imedpub Journals http://www.imedpub.com Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Pratice on Cervical Cancer Screening among Female Students of Mizan Tepi University, Ethiopia, 2016 Abstract
More informationASSESSMENT OF EFFECTIVE COVERAGE OF HIV PREVENTION OF PREGNANT MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSIMISSION SERVICES IN JIMMA ZONE, SOUTH WEST ETHIOPIA
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Assessment of Effective Coverage of HIV Mohammed H. et al ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTIVE COVERAGE OF HIV PREVENTION OF PREGNANT MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSIMISSION SERVICES IN JIMMA ZONE, SOUTH WEST
More informationBehavioral Aspects of Male Circumcision Uptake
Behavioral Aspects of Male Circumcision Uptake Daniel E. Montaño, PhD Danuta Kasprzyk, PhD Mufuta Tshimanga, MD, MPH Department of Community Medicine 1 MC Delivery Update 2011 Progress in scale-up of male
More informationDeveloping Cervical Cancer Screening Program using HIV/ART care and treatment infrastructure. Dr. Mulindi H Mwanahamuntu
Developing Cervical Cancer Screening Program using HIV/ART care and treatment infrastructure Dr. Mulindi H Mwanahamuntu Cancer Statistics in Africa Jemal, et al. Cancer [January 17, 2012] 00: 1-13 Zambia
More informationCervical cancer screening i Tanzania
Cervical cancer screening i Tanzania Vibeke Rasch, Professor, Overlæge, Dr Med Gynækologisk Obstetrisk Afdeling Odense Universitets Hospital/Syddansk Universitet 2 Global-Hpv burden Forman D,De Martel
More informationPerceived barriers of cervical cancer screening among women attending Mahalapye district hospital, Botswana
Perceived barriers of cervical cancer screening among women attending Mahalapye district hospital, Botswana C M Ibekwe, MBBS, MPH 1, M E Hoque MSc 2, B Ntuli-Ngcobo, MSW, MPH 3, M E Hoque, MSc 4 Abstract
More informationUptake of cervical cancer screening services among female medical practitioners in Ogun State, South-West Nigeria.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH Annals of Health Research Volume 2, Issue No. 2 July - Dec. 2016 Uptake of cervical cancer screening services among female medical practitioners in Ogun State, South-West Nigeria. Jagun
More informationDaniel Boduszek University of Huddersfield
Daniel Boduszek University of Huddersfield d.boduszek@hud.ac.uk Introduction to Logistic Regression SPSS procedure of LR Interpretation of SPSS output Presenting results from LR Logistic regression is
More informationDeterminants of Modern Contraceptive Utilization among Women of the Reproductive Age Group in Dawuro Zone, SNNPR, Southern Ethiopia
Determinants of Modern Contraceptive Utilization among Women of the Reproductive Age Group in Dawuro Zone, SNNPR, Southern Ethiopia Terefe Dodicho Wolaita Sodo University, College of health sciences and
More informationCERVICAL CANCER SCREENING AMONG WOMEN IN GATANGA SUB-COUNTY MURANGA COUNTY KENYA
European International Journal of Science and Technology ISSN: 2304-9693 www.eijst.org.uk CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING AMONG WOMEN IN GATANGA SUB-COUNTY MURANGA COUNTY KENYA M.M. Mugo 1, L.Muchiri 2 and F.
More informationAssessment of Knowledge and Perception Towards Modern Contraceptives Use Among Women of Reproductive Age in Mtwivila, Tanzania
Science Journal of Public Health 017; 5(4): 335-340 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/sjph doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.0170504.19 ISSN: 38-794 (Print); ISSN: 38-7950 (Online) Assessment of Knowledge and
More informationThe communication channel which generates the most demand for Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision at Ndola Central Hospital.
The communication channel which generates the most demand for Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision at Ndola Central Hospital. B Masebo a, *, S Siziya a, V Mwanakasale b a Copperbelt University, School of
More informationReasons why unscreened patients with cervical cancer present with advanced stage disease
Reasons why unscreened patients with cervical cancer present with advanced stage disease Snyman LC, BMedSci, MBChB, MPraxMed, MMed(O&G), FCOG(SA), Principal Specialist Herbst U, MBChB, MMed(O&G), FCOG(SA),
More informationTo present Cervical Cancer Screening and Education Project Endline Study Findings
BY NEDICO ZIMBABWE To present Cervical Cancer Screening and Education Project Endline Study Findings Cervical Cancer Screening and Education Project was supported by Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation (BMSF)
More informationEpidemiologic characteristics of cervical cancer in Korean women
Review Article J Gynecol Oncol Vol. 25, No. 1:70-74 pissn 2005-0380 eissn 2005-0399 Epidemiologic characteristics of cervical cancer in Korean women Hyun-Joo Seol, Kyung-Do Ki, Jong-Min Lee Department
More informationSexual multipartnership and condom use among adolescent boys in four sub-saharan African countries
1 Sexual multipartnership and condom use among adolescent boys in four sub-saharan African countries Guiella Georges, Department of demography, University of Montreal Email: georges.guiella@umontreal.ca
More informationEvaluation of Level of Utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening Services in Health Facilities in Nasarawa LGA of Kano State of Nigeria
ARC Journal of Nursing and Healthcare (AJNH) Volume 2, Issue 1, 2016, PP 34-38 ISSN 2455-4324 www.arcjournals.org Evaluation of Level of Utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening Services in Health Facilities
More informationBy: Aklilu Abrham(BSc, MSc in pediatrics and child health) Tuesday, January 21,
Assessment of parents/care givers malaria knowledge, home management & factors associated with practice of prevention towards under five children in Damot Gale woreda,wolayta zone, Ethiopia. By: Aklilu
More informationInternational Journal of Health Sciences and Research ISSN:
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research www.ijhsr.org ISSN: 2249-9571 Original Research Article Assessment of Susceptibility to Diabetes Mellitus among Rural Population using Indian Diabetic
More informationA study on awareness of cervical cancer among women of reproductive age group in urban slums of old Hubli, Karnataka, India
International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Bathija GV et al. Int J Community Med Public Health. 0 Sep;(9):79-8 http://www.ijcmph.com pissn 94-0 eissn 94-040 Research Article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/0.80/94-040.ijcmph007
More informationDr. Olugbenga-Bello A.I Department of Community Medicine, LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso
Dr. Olugbenga-Bello A.I Department of Community Medicine, LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso Nigeria is located in West Africa, with an estimated 3.7 percent of the population living with HIV (VERT, 2012)
More informationDr. Charles Tobin-West Department of Preventive and Social Medicine College of Health Sciences University of Port Harcourt
Dr. Charles Tobin-West Department of Preventive and Social Medicine College of Health Sciences University of Port Harcourt Sexual risk behaviors are among the key drivers of the HIV epidemic in Nigeria,
More informationMental Health Status of Female Workers in Private Apparel Manufacturing Industry in Bangalore City, Karnataka, India
1893 Mental Health Status of Female Workers in Private Apparel Manufacturing Industry in Bangalore City, Karnataka, India Deepthi Shanbhag 1*, Bobby Joseph 2 1 Assistant Professor; Department of Community
More informationImpact and Cost-Effectiveness of the Scrutinize Communication Campaign on Condom Use in South Africa R. Delate
Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of the Scrutinize Communication Campaign on Condom Use in South Africa R. Delate Brought to you by... Scrutinize Audience & approach Primary Target Audience: Youth 16 32 Secondary
More informationStatus of Syndromic Management of Clients and their Partners at STI Clinic in a Suburban Area of Mumbai, India
International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences Available online at www.ijmrhs.com ISSN No: 2319-5886 International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences, 2017, 6(10): 115-120 I J M
More informationTHE RISK OF HIV/AIDS AMONG THE POOR RURAL FAMILIES IN RURAL COMMUNITIES IN SOUTH WESTERN-NIGERIA 1, 2
THE RISK OF HIV/AIDS AMONG THE POOR RURAL FAMILIES IN RURAL COMMUNITIES IN SOUTH WESTERN-NIGERIA 1, 2 Bisiriyu, L.A. 1 and Adewuyi A.A. 1. 1. Demography and Social Statistics Department, Obafemi Awolowo
More informationAsian Pac. J. Health Sci., 2017; 4(3):74-82 e-issn: , p-issn: Document heading doi: /apjhs Research Article
Asian Pac. J. Health Sci., 207; 4(3):74-82 e-issn: 2349-0659, p-issn: 2350-0964 Document heading doi: 0.2276/apjhs.207.4.3.2 Research Article Knowledge attitude and practice of breast-self examination
More informationBiomedical, Behavioral, and Socio-Structural Risk Factors on HIV Infection and Regional Differences in Tanzania
Biomedical, Behavioral, and Socio-Structural Risk Factors on HIV Infection and Regional Differences in Tanzania Suzumi Yasutake, PhD Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Deanna Kerrigan, PhD
More informationPREVALENCE OF HIV INFECTION AND RISK FACTORS OF TUBERCULIN INFECTION AMONG HOUSEHOLD CONTACTS IN AN HIV EPIDEMIC AREA: CHIANG RAI PROVINCE, THAILAND
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, Hue University, N 0 61, 2010 PREVALENCE OF HIV INFECTION AND RISK FACTORS OF TUBERCULIN INFECTION AMONG HOUSEHOLD CONTACTS IN AN HIV EPIDEMIC AREA: CHIANG RAI PROVINCE, THAILAND Pornnapa
More informationAmerican Journal of Health Research
American Journal of Health Research 2014; 2(4): 113-117 Published online July 30, 2014 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ajhr) doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.12 ISSN: 2330-8788 (Print); ISSN: 2330-8796
More informationSocio-Demographic Factors Differently Associate with Contraceptive Use Among Older Women in Comparison with Younger Women in Bangladesh.
Socio-Demographic Factors Differently Associate with Contraceptive Use Among Older Women in Comparison with Younger Women in Bangladesh. Md. Shahidul Islam (Corresponding author) MSS(Thesis).Department
More informationHIV/AIDS and Postnatal Depression at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
ORIGINAL PAPER Medical Journal of Zambia, Vol. 37. No. 2 (200) HIV/AIDS and Postnatal Depression at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia 3,4,2 *A. Cyimana, B. Andrews, Y. Ahmed, B. Vwalika,2
More informationAfrican Access Initiative (AAI)
AAI African Access Initiative (AAI) African Consortium for Cancer Clinical Trials (AC 3 T) Highlights African Access Initiative (AAI) African Consortium for Cancer Clinical Trials (AC 3 T) AAI AAI Approach
More informationDates to which data relate Cost and effectiveness data were collected between 1995 and The price year was 1998.
Cost-effectiveness of voluntary HIV-1 counselling and testing in reducing sexual transmission of HIV-1 in Kenya and Tanzania Sweat M, Gregorich S, Sangiwa G, Furlonge C, Balmer D, Kamenga C, Grinstead
More information*Corresponding author. 1 Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA 2 Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Do women bypass village services for better maternal health care in clinics? A case study of antenatal care seeking in three rural Districts of Tanzania Christine E. Chung 1*, Almamy M. Kante, 1,2, Amon
More informationSELECTED FACTORS LEADING TO THE TRANSMISSION OF FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION ACROSS GENERATIONS: QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS FOR SIX AFRICAN COUNTRIES
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized ENDING VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND GIRLS SELECTED FACTORS LEADING TO THE TRANSMISSION
More informationJOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC RESEARCH FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY Impact Factor 1.393, ISSN: , Volume 2, Issue 4, May 2014
EFFECTIVENESS OF VIDEO ASSISTED TEACHING PROGRAM ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING BREAST SELF EXAMINATION MR. SUJITH KURIAKOSE* *Lecturer, Nitte Usha Institute of Nursing Sciences, Dept. of Community Health Nursing,
More informationBURNOUT SYNDROME AND DEPRESSION AMONG HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS IN MAIDUGURI TERTIARY HOSPITALS
BURNOUT SYNDROME AND DEPRESSION AMONG HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS IN MAIDUGURI TERTIARY HOSPITALS Pindar S.K, Wakil MA, Jidda MS, Morakinyo A O, Coker MA Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital Maiduguri, Borno
More informationThe relationship between adherence to clinic appointments and year-one mortality for HIV infected patients at a Referral Hospital in Western Kenya
The relationship between adherence to clinic appointments and year-one mortality for HIV infected patients at a Referral Hospital in Western Kenya Muthusi, K; Burmen, B 8th International Workshop on HIV
More informationThe Awareness of the HPV s Association with Cervical Cancer and PAP Smearamong Saudi Females
The Awareness of the HPV s Association with Cervical Cancer and PAP Smearamong Saudi Females Abdulrahim Gari, Ahmed Asiri, Amr Mohammed, Fahad Al-Malki, Mohammad Melibari,Mohammed Al Sheikh, MoayadKalantan,
More informationKnowledge and Awareness of Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer among College Students and Health Care Workers Women in Diyala, Iraq
American Journal of Public Health Research, 2013, Vol. 1, No. 8, 221-225 Available online at http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajphr/1/8/5 Science and Education Publishing DOI:10.12691/ajphr-1-8-5 Knowledge and
More informationPublic awareness of common eye diseases in Jordan
Haddad et al. BMC Ophthalmology (2017) 17:177 DOI 10.1186/s12886-017-0575-3 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Public awareness of common eye diseases in Jordan Mera F. Haddad 1*, May M. Bakkar 1 and Nour Abdo
More information1. Introduction. Wendwesen Abayneh 1, Nigusse Obse 2, Tamene Naba 3
International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science 2017; 3(3): 22-27 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijhpebs doi: 10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20170303.11 Factors Associated
More informationThe role of the health system in uptake of the Human Papilloma-virus (HPV) vaccine among adolescents 9-15 years in Mbale district, Eastern Uganda
The role of the health system in uptake of the Human Papilloma-virus (HPV) vaccine among adolescents 9-15 years in Mbale district, Eastern Uganda Juliet Nabirye Makerere University School of Public Health,
More informationAfrican Collaborative Center for Microbiome and Genomics Research ACCME. Newsletter VOLUME 3, ISSUE 1
African Collaborative Center for Microbiome and Genomics Research VOLUME 3, ISSUE 1 FEBRUARY 2017 INSIDE NEWSLETTER INSIDE NEWSLETTER Ÿ Persistent High-risk HPV infection and cervical cancer Ÿ Multiple
More informationTITLE: STI AND HIV KNOWLEDGE, PREVALENCE AND RELATED BEHAVIOR AMONG YOUNG FEMALE TRADERS IN AN URBAN SLUM IN LAGOS NIGERIA Authors: Sekoni A.
TITLE: STI AND HIV KNOWLEDGE, PREVALENCE AND RELATED BEHAVIOR AMONG YOUNG FEMALE TRADERS IN AN URBAN SLUM IN LAGOS NIGERIA Authors: Sekoni A.O, Oyedele D.K Department of Community Health and Primary Care
More informationA study on awareness of Breast Carcinoma amongst the women aged 15 years and above in Urban slums of Turbhe, Navi Mumbai
Original Article A study on awareness of Breast Carcinoma amongst the women aged 15 years and above in Urban slums of Turbhe, Navi Mumbai Patel Neha A*, Pandit Daksha**, Khanolkar Ameya***, Surve Shweta***,
More informationKnowledge of Carcinoma Cervix among rural women of Reproductive age in Trichy district, India
Original Article Knowledge of Carcinoma Cervix among rural women of Reproductive age in Trichy district, India A.M Veerakumar. Assistant Professor, Community Medicine, Chennai Medical College Hospital
More informationKNOWLEDGE, PERCEPTION, AND ACCEPTANCE OF HPV VACCINATION AND SCREENING FOR CERVICAL CANCER AMONG WOMEN IN YOGYAKARTA PROVINCE, INDONESIA
KNOWLEDGE, PERCEPTION, AND ACCEPTANCE OF HPV VACCINATION AND SCREENING FOR CERVICAL CANCER AMONG WOMEN IN YOGYAKARTA PROVINCE, INDONESIA Dwi Endarti*, Satibi, Susi Ari Kristina, Muhaya Almira Farida, Yuni
More informationISSN X (Print) Original Research Article. DOI: /sjams Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
DOI: 10.21276/sjams.2016.4.8.39 Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences (SJAMS) Sch. J. App. Med. Sci., 2016; 4(8C):2924-2928 Scholars Academic and Scientific Publisher (An International Publisher
More informationExploring of Cervical Cancer s Knowledge among Female Nursing Students Based on Junior and Senior grades information
IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS) e-issn: 2320 1959.p- ISSN: 2320 1940 Volume 4, Issue 2 Ver. II (Mar.-Apr. 2015), PP 08-13 www.iosrjournals.org Exploring of Cervical Cancer s Knowledge
More informationAttitudes toward Cervical Cancer and Screening among Married Women Attending Outpatient Clinics at Maternity Hospitals in Baghdad City
IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS) e-issn: 2320 1959.p- ISSN: 2320 1940 Volume 6, Issue 2 Ver. II (Mar. - Apr. 2017), PP 98-103 www.iosrjournals.org Attitudes toward Cervical Cancer
More informationEthnicity and Maternal Health Care Utilization in Nigeria: the Role of Diversity and Homogeneity
Ethnicity and Maternal Health Care Utilization in Nigeria: the Role of Diversity and Homogeneity In spite of the significant improvements in the health of women worldwide, maternal mortality ratio has
More informationMadhu B, Ashok N C and S Balasubramanian JSS University, Mysore , India. id:
International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI) E-ISSN: 2321 4767 P-ISSN: 2321-4759 Volume 2 Issue 5 May. 2014 PP-01-08 A Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis to Study The Influence
More informationRESEARCH COMMUNICATION
Cervical Cancer KAP among Female Healthcare Practitioners in the Democratic People s Republic of Korea RESEARCH COMMUNICATION Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Concerning Cervical Cancer and Screening
More informationGENERAL PROFILE AND SURVIVAL PROBABILITIES OF HIV PATIENTS REGISTERED AT ANTI RETROVIRAL THERAPY CENTRE, NEW CIVIL HOSPITAL, SURAT, GUJARAT
Original article GENERAL PROFILE AND SURVIVAL PROBABILITIES OF HIV PATIENTS REGISTERED AT ANTI RETROVIRAL THERAPY CENTRE, NEW CIVIL HOSPITAL, SURAT, GUJARAT Sridhar P Ryavanki 1, J K Kosambiya 2, Alap
More informationSocio-Economic And Demographic Factors Influencing Cancer Awareness And Screening Uptake In Kenya
Socio-Economic And Demographic Factors Influencing Cancer Awareness And Screening Uptake In Kenya James Mutuma Gitonga Centre for Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance, Masinde Muliro University
More informationAn assessment of baseline hand washing practice in Malawi and the relevance of proxy indicators
36th WEDC International Conference, Nakuru, Kenya, 2013 DELIVERING WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE SERVICES IN AN UNCERTAIN ENVIRONMENT An assessment of baseline hand washing practice in Malawi and the relevance
More informationMulti-Country Evaluation of Social Marketing Programs for Promoting HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing
Multi-Country Evaluation of Social Marketing Programs for Promoting HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing Dvora Joseph Kerry Richter Summer Rosenstock Shannon England PSI Research & Metrics Department Working
More informationLevels and Predictors of Condom Use in Extramarital Sex among Women in Four sub- Saharan African Countries
Levels and Predictors of Condom Use in Extramarital Sex among Women in Four sub- Saharan African Countries Onipede Wusu, PhD Department of Sociology, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria onipedewusu@yahoo.com;
More informationHow HIV prevalence, number of sexual partners and marital status are related in rural Uganda.
How HIV prevalence, number of sexual partners and marital status are related in rural Uganda. Ivan Kasamba (2), Dermot Maher (2), Sam Biraro (2), Heiner Grosskurth (1,2), Jim Todd (1). 1. LSHTM, Keppel
More informationDeterminants of Vaccination Coverage Against Human Papillomavirus in 10-year-old Girls in 2016 in Rural Senegal
Science Journal of Public Health 2017; 5(6): 464-468 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/sjph doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20170506.19 ISSN: 2328-7942 (Print); ISSN: 2328-7950 (Online) Determinants of Vaccination
More informationClients perception of HIV/AIDS voluntary counseling and Testing (VCT) services in Nairobi, Kenya
Clients perception of HIV/AIDS voluntary counseling and Testing (VCT) services in Nairobi, Kenya Tom M. Olewe 1*, John O. Wanyungu 2 and Anthony M. Makau 3 1 Vision Integrity & Passion to Serve (VIPS)
More informationC ataract is one of the main causes of global blindness
1478 EXTENDED REPORT Delay in presentation to hospital for surgery for congenital and developmental cataract in Tanzania J Mwende, A Bronsard, M Mosha, R Bowman, R Geneau, P Courtright... See end of article
More informationHepatitis B and human immunodeficiency viruses infection: awareness and universal precautions in Kassala, eastern Sudan
1315 Hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency viruses infection: awareness and universal precautions in Kassala, eastern Sudan Fatma Abbas 1, Tajeldin M. Abdallah 1, Mamoun Mgzoub 1, AbdelAziem A. Ali 1
More informationDifferentials in the Utilization of Antenatal Care Services in EAG states of India
International Research Journal of Social Sciences ISSN 2319 3565 Differentials in the Utilization of Antenatal Care Services in EAG states of India Rakesh Kumar Singh 1 and Shraboni Patra 2 International
More informationG I V E N C H I G A Y A M U T I N T A. Curriculum Vitae
G I V E N C H I G A Y A M U T I N T A Curriculum Vitae ~ When you live for a strong purpose, then hard work is not an option. It is a necessity ~ (Steve Pavlina) PERSONAL INFORMATION Address Moore Road
More informationDIABETES SELF MANAGEMENT KNOWLEDGE AND FOOT COMPLICATIONS AMONGST TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS AT JOOTRH, KISUMU COUNTY, KENYA
DIABETES SELF MANAGEMENT KNOWLEDGE AND FOOT COMPLICATIONS AMONGST TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS AT JOOTRH, KISUMU COUNTY, KENYA BY LUCY KAGEHA KAVINGUHA KRCHN, MSN INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus is a chronic
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY DATA. Supplementary Figure S1. Cohort definition flow chart.
Supplementary Figure S1. Cohort definition flow chart. Supplementary Table S1. Baseline characteristics of study population grouped according to having developed incident CKD during the follow-up or not
More informationAwareness about cervical cancers among health workers in Shimla district, Himachal Pradesh, India
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology Fotedar V et al. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Oct;6(10):4419-4423 www.ijrcog.org DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20174416
More informationIntention to donate blood among the eligible population in Mekelle City, Northern Ethiopia: Using the theory of planned behavior
American Journal of Health Research 2014; 2(4): 158-163 Published online August 20, 2014 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ajhr) doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.19 ISSN: 2330-8788 (Print); ISSN: 2330-8796
More informationEconomic Development Rural Women s Empowerment & Reproductive Health
Economic Development Rural Women s Empowerment & Reproductive Health Carol Vlassoff University of Ottawa, Canada (ruralindiawomencvlassoff.com) World Bank June 5, 2014 Methodology Longitudinal study, 1975-76,
More informationBenue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, North-Central Nigeria 2 Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, North-Central Nigeria
IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS) e-issn: 2320 1959.p- ISSN: 2320 1940 Volume 5, Issue 5 Ver. III (Sep. - Oct. 2016), PP 01-05 www.iosrjournals.org Perception of Cervical Cancer and
More informationInternational Journal of Health Sciences and Research ISSN:
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research www.ijhsr.org ISSN: 2249-9571 Original Research Article Awareness of Carcinoma Cervix and Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine among Dr. Humaira Asif Ansari
More informationaddress: (K. R. Lebeta), (Z. Argaw), (B. W. Birhane)
American Journal of Health Research 2017; 5(2): 38-43 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ajhr doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20170502.13 ISSN: 2330-8788 (Print); ISSN: 2330-8796 (Online) Prevalence of Diabetic
More informationKarl Peltzer Nancy Phaswana-Mafuya
Health-related quality of life in a sample of HIV-infected South Africans International Conference on Health Promotion and Quality of Health Services in Bangkok, 20 Nov 08 Karl Peltzer Nancy Phaswana-Mafuya
More informationDemographic and Health Profile. Ethiopia. Nigeria. Population is currently 73 million, annual growth rate is 2.4%
Adebola Adedimeji Demographic and Health Profile Nigeria Population is currently 150 million, annual growth rate is 2% Political structure- Federal Republic; 36 states, almost 800 local governments Multi-ethnic,
More informationEsophageal Cancer in Tanzania
Esophageal Cancer in Tanzania Katherine Van Loon, MD, MPH Assistant Clinical Professor Director of Global Oncology Program Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California, San
More informationRESEARCH ARTICLE. Effect of Screening on the Risk Estimates of Socio Demographic Factors on Cervical Cancer - A Large Cohort Study from Rural India
DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.1.589 Screening Effects on Risk Estimates of Socio-demographic Factors on Cervical in Rural India RESEARCH ARTICLE Effect of Screening on the Risk Estimates
More informationScience Journal of Public Health
Science Journal of Public Health 2014; 2(6): 507-512 Published online October 30, 2014 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/sjph) doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.11 ISSN: 2328-7942 (Print); ISSN: 2328-7950
More informationUTILIZATION OF MODERN FAMILY PLANNING METHODS AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN A RURAL SETTING: THE CASE OF SHINYANGA RURAL DISTRICT, TANZANIA
East African Journal of Public Health Volume 3 Number 2 October 2006 26 UTILIZATION OF MODERN FAMILY PLANNING METHODS AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN A RURAL SETTING: THE CASE OF SHINYANGA RURAL DISTRICT,
More informationFemale Genital Mutilation and its effects over women s health
Female Genital Mutilation and its effects over women s health Authors Enu Anand 1, Jayakant Singh 2 Draft Paper for Presentation in the Session 285 at the 27th IUSSP Conference, 26-31 August 2013, Busan,
More information