Saeed Ghanbari, Seyyed Mohammad Taghi Ayatollahi*, Najaf Zare

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Saeed Ghanbari, Seyyed Mohammad Taghi Ayatollahi*, Najaf Zare"

Transcription

1 DOI: and Anthracyclne- Breast Cancer Treatment and Survval n the Eastern Medterranean and Asa: a Meta-analyss RESEARCH ARTICLE Comparng Role of Two Chemotherapy Regmens, and Anthracyclne-Based, on Breast Cancer Survval n the Eastern Medterranean Regon and Asa by Multvarate Mxed Effects Models: a Meta-Analyss Saeed Ghanbar, Seyyed Mohammad Tagh Ayatollah, Najaf Zare Abstract Purpose: To assess the role of two adjuvant chemotherapy regmens, anthracyclne- and on dsease free survval and overall survval breast cancer patents by meta-analyss approach n Eastern Medterranean and Asan countres to determne whch s more effectve and evaluate the approprateness and effcency of two dfferent proposed statstcal models. Materals and Methods: Survval curves were dgtzed and the survval proportons and tmes were extracted and modeled to approprate covarates by two multvarate mxed effects models. Studes whch reported dsease free survval and overall survval curves for anthracyclne- or as adjuvant chemotherapy that were publshed n Englsh n the Eastern Medterranean regon and Asa were ncluded n ths systematc revew. The two transformatons of survval probabltes (Ln (-S)) and S/ (1-S))) as dependent varables were modeled by a multvarate mxed model to same covarates n order to have precse estmatons wth hgh power and approprate nterpretaton of covarate effects. The analyss was carred out wth SAS Proc MIXED and STATA software. Results: A total of 32 studes from the publshed lterature were analysed, coverng 4,092 patents who receved anthracyclne- and 2,501 treated wth for the dsease free survval and n order to analyze the overall survval, 13 studes reported the overall survval curves n whch 2,050 cases were treated wth anthracyclne- and 1,282 wth regmens. Conclusons: The fndngs llustrated that the model wth dependent varable Ln (-S)) had more precse estmatons of the covarate effects and showed sgnfcant dfference between the effects of two adjuvant chemotherapy regmens. Anthracyclne- treatment gave better dsease free survval and overall survval. As an IPD meta-analyss n the Italy the results of Angelo et al n 2011 also confrmed that anthracyclne- regmens were more effectve for survval of breast cancer patents. The fndngs of Zare et al 2012 on dsease free survval curves n Asa also provded smlar evdence. Keywords: Meta-analyss - dsease free and overall survval - multvarate mxed models - - anthracyclne Asan Pac J Cancer Prev, 16 (14), Introducton In dfferent types of cancer, breast cancer s the most relevant one among females n the world and s the second prncpal reason of cancer death n women. More than one mllon new cases are reported annually of whch 60% are n developng countres. Generally the ncreasng rate n developng countres s hgher than developed countres (Katalnc et al., 2009; Zare et al.,. Obesty, alcohol consumpton, det n hgh saturated fat, early onset of menarche and late menopause are the most mportant rsk factors of breast cancer. Breast cancer s seen mostly n adults over 50 years of age n Western countres whereas n EMRO and Asan countres, breast cancer s rsng n younger women and dagnosed at hgher stages. The young women n these regons are more lkely to be at rsk due to ther tendency to follow western people lfestyle. Snce of poor educatons, cultural and socal obstacles, tradtonal atttudes and lack of screenng programs, t comes up at later grades n developng countres (Mousav et al., 2007; Katalnc et al., 2009; Zare et al., 2013). Researchers beleve one of the most consderable measure of medcal care for cancer patents s survval rate and s used more to compare the effcency of dfferent treatments. Also t would be helpful to take further preventve actons for breast cancer patents and mprove prognoss of them (Arkoob et al., 2010; Sharf et al., 2010). Department of Bostatstcs, The Medcal School Shraz, Unversty of Medcal Scences, Shraz, I.R. Iran For correspondence: ayatolahm@sums.ac.r Asan Pacfc Journal of Cancer Preventon, Vol 16,

2 Saeed Ghanbar et al Usual practce n the reportng the results of RCT s was to produce the suffcent statstcs for each treatment, means and standard devatons for contnuous outcomes, number and percentage for bnary outcomes. It was recommended by gudelnes that for prmary and secondary studes results should be provded as a summary of the outcome n each group, wth the contrast between two groups (Guyot et al.,. Producton of suffcent statstcs expedte the ncluson of prmary study n subsequent meta-analyss. However publshng results from trals wth survval tme are not amenable of these prncples. Due to censorshp, the mean of survval tme s a estmate of expected survval when censored observaton exst (Klen, 2005). It was advsed that the effect measure for survval tme should be declared as a hazard rato or dfference medan survval tme between each treatment. But they are severely lmted. For the evdence synthess.e. meta-analyss usng medan survval tmes at a partcular pont n tme are not reasonable measures of survval outcomes, due to potental bas could arse f tme ponts are subjectvely chosen by the revewer or selectvely reported by the tralst at tmes of maxmal or mnmal dfference between groups. It als requres that all trals reported data at same tme pont and t causes results have a serous under- or overestmaton of the treatment effect and major loss of statstcal power. Hazard rato s also lmtng and unsatsfactory, as t requre proportonal hazard, an assumpton whch s rarely checked (Arends et al., 2008; Guyot et al.,. In the earler works the authors have attempted to extracted data from the reported Kaplan-Meer (KM) curves n order to perform meta-analyss. In ths paper we extracted the survval probabltes and correspondng tmes from the graphs and developed two models n order to compare the effcency of the dfferent treatments. We used graphdgtzer software n the coordnates of the KM curves from the publshed graph. Survval rate of breast cancer s affected by detecton at early stages and proper treatments, adjuvant chemotherapy after breast conservatve surgery or mastectomy or modfed radcal mastectomy reduce the chance of cancer comng back and also the chance of death (Socety, 2007). In order to specfy the best chemotherapy regmens for breast cancer patents many study had been done, n some researches Anthracyclne_ are recommended as the frst choce of adjuvant therapy, although there were studes whch llustrate (Cyclophosphamde, Methotrexate, Fluorourcal) regmens could reduce the chance of recurrence and death rate to 24% (Ismal et al., 2010). Ths study was an effort to detect the more effectve chemotherapy regmens between and Anthracyclne_ on the survval of breast cancer patents by a systematc revew. Materals and Methods Search strategy An extensve lterature revew was performed usng dfferent databases such as Medlne, scence drect, Chnese nformaton lterature database, japan nformaton on scence and technology and web of scence. Frstly, all 5656 Asan Pacfc Journal of Cancer Preventon, Vol 16, 2015 medcal subjects headngs related to breast cancer, two chemotherapy regmens Anthracyclne_ and and survval analyss accordng to the Asan and East Medterranean countres whch had been publshed n Englsh consdered. Secondly n order to fnd more related studes the approprate keywords and thesaurus terms have been searched. Fnally the ones whch reported survval curves had been selected to assess and more consderaton. Ths revew was carred out up to July 30 th Qualty assessment and data extracton Performng the search we obtaned 50 results. These ncluded the studes whch were reported dsease free survval curves or overall survval curves for one or two adjuvant chemotherapy regmens, and Anthracyclne_ separately for breast cancer patents of Asan and East Medterranean regon countres. The patents who had postve estrogens or progesterone receptor should had been drew hormone therapy n all reports. All patents who were needed, receved radotherapy. Ths revew nclude the studes that researchers provded survval curves n some subgroups for one of the two mentoned chemotherapes that we consdered each subgroup as an ndependent study. Defnton of overall survval tme s the length of tme after treatment for a specfc dsease that patents survves. The tme wthout any sgn of dsease or death s nomnated as dsease free survval. We have summarzed and tabulated Locaton, date, the type of chemotherapy regmens, number of patents and some other consderaton n each paper for comparson. Snce ths revew s carred out on studes n EMRO and Asa the most patents were younger wth hgh stages of dsease. A total of 32 studes had the nclusons crtera for the present analyss that all of them reported dsease free survval curves and only 13 of them reported overall survval curves. We analyzed data for 6925 patents who receved Anthracyclne_ and 3056 patents who receved treatment on dsease free survval, 2050 recever of Anthracyclne_ and 1282 recevers of for overall survval curves. In order to specfy the survval proportons and ts tme, graphdgtzer software was used and all curves were dgtzed (tme was determned n month). Frstly we changed the format of the mages of the survval curves to JPG and mported them n graphdgtzer software. Then, accordng to the survval curves the tme and survval proportons axses were scaled. Fnally we determned the falure tmes and ther correspondng survval probabltes (See the survval curves of each study n Appendx). Meta-analyss Multvarate meta-analyss s ncreasngly used n medcal statstcs (Arends et al., 2008). The multvarate random mxed effect model was appled n ths study and n order to had sensble estmatons and nterpretatons of the roles of covarates on survval probabltes, two dfferent models were suggested and the response varables modeled to both fxed and random effects of covarates such as treatment group and tme). The frst model whch was proposed by Lda Arend

3 DOI: and Anthracyclne- Breast Cancer Treatment and Survval n the Eastern Medterranean and Asa: a Meta-analyss Table 1. Characterstcs of 32 Studes Retaned for Meta-analyss Study(year) (Reference) Locaton Follow-up (tme) Kuru et al. (2005) (Camlbel et al., 2005) Zhang et al. (2008) (Zhang et al., 2008) Ismal et al, (2009) (Ismal et al., 2009) No. of patents Chemotherapy Regmens (No.) Turkey 100-months 688 Anthracyclne_, (248),(340) Chna 42-months 665 Anthracyclne_, (181),(255) Morocco 100-months 244 Anthracyclne_, (110),(134) Fang et al. (2009) (L et al., 2009) Chna 60-months 43 Anthracyclne_ Faradmal et al. (2010) (Faradmal et al., 2010) Ismal et al. (2010) (Ismal et al., 2010) Abbas et al. (2011) (Abbas et al., 2011) Gupta et al. (2011) (Gupta et al., 2011) Yao et al. (2011) (Yao et al., 2011) Wang et al. ( (Wang et al., Huzha et al. ( (Wu et al., Cong et al. ( (Xue et al., Mnghua et al. ( (J et al., Toknwa et al. Japan ( (Toknwa et al., HM Earl et al. ( (Earl et al., S.chen et al. (2013) (Chen et al., 2013) Iran 8-years 43 Anthracyclne_, Morocco 100-months 349 Anthracyclne_, (202),(147) Egypt 30-months 267 Anthracyclne_ Inda 100-month 91 Anthracyclne_ Chna 100-month 489 Anthracyclne_ Chna 60-months 687 (117) Chna 115-month 762 Anthracyclne_ chna 120-month 3566 Anthracyclne_ (2896),(670) Chna 50-month 153 Anthracyclne_ Japan 100-month 71 Anthracyclne_ Jordan 120-month 2391 Anthracyclne_, (1156),(1202) Chna 60-month 245 Anthracyclne_ Sharma et al. (2013) Inda 60-month 43 Anthracyclne_ Dan Chen et al. (2014) (Chen et al., 2014) RT- Radotherapy CT- Chemotherapy Consderatons Patents have among 1-3 postve nodes&339 Patents have more than 3postve nodes Patents n HER2 overexpressed &235 Patents n HER2 over- expressed wth node-postve 18 patents are n hgh rsk of breast cancer&25 patents are n low rsk of breast cancer Patents treated wth>= 2 cycles of concurrent CT wth RT &61 Patents treated wth breast conservatve surgery 67 patents treated wth RT before CT& 150 patents were treated n a sandwch scheme of RT& CT &50 patents receved RT after CT just 54 patents receved chemotherapy 99 HER-2+/non pcr, 17 HER-2+/pCR, 277 HER-2-/ non pcr & 96 HER-2-/pCR 66.9% CT+TT& 33.1%CC 45 wth no adverse genotype & 108 wth 1 or 2 genotype 33Topo+ & 38Topo- 26 HER-2+/Topo-,67 HER- 2-/Topo-, 55 HER-2+/Topo+ & 97 HER-2-/Topo- just 26 patents receved Anthracyclne_ Chna 222-month modfed radcal mastectomy &98breast conservatve surgery et.al 2008, the Ln-mnus-Ln of survval proporton was nomnated dependent varable and tme) and treatment were ncluded as covarates(arends et al., 2008), at the second model just dependent varable was changed to the logt of survval probabltes. The two models ncluded both fxed and random effects of covarates. (See detals n Appendx (Dear, 1994; Arends et al., 2008)). Asan Pacfc Journal of Cancer Preventon, Vol 16,

4 Saeed Ghanbar et al S )) X z b b N( D) N( V ) N( D ) S /(1 S )) X z b b N( V ) (2) In order to compare these two models, f the logt transformaton of the survval proporton and the covarate Ln (tme) have been related by a lnear pattern we should assume log logstc dstrbuton for the tme, but f the relaton between Ln-mnus-Ln survval proporton and Ln (tme) be lnear then Webull dstrbuton could be used to more needed analyss. The β parameters were estmated wth GLS n an teratve manner and contnued to reach convergence (Dear 1994). Applyng these transformatons on the survval probabltes made us sure that the ftted survval probabltes changed between 0 and 1 (Arends et al., 2008). SAS, Proc MIXED and STATA software were used Table 2. Results of Fttng Models (3) and (4) for Dsease Free Survval Models (1) and the followng models were ftted on the data whch extracted from the Kaplan-Meer curves: T T Ln (-S )) Ln (S T / (1-S )) Regresson coeffcents Estmate (SE) p-value Estmate (SE) p-value Intercept (0.67) < (0.74) <0.001 Treatment (0.10) (0.26) <0.001 Ln (tme) 1.50 (0.09) < (0.78) <0.001 covarance parameter Estmate Estmate Varance Intercept Treatment tme) Covarance s InterceptTreatment Intercepttme) Treatmenttme) Varance(resdual) Ln ( S)) 0 1treatment 2 ln( tme ) b0 b1 treatment b2 ln( tme ) (3) Results (4) Treatment was a dchotomous varable whch used to show the chemotherapy regmens, 0=, 1=Anthracyclne_. Random effects were appled for ntercept, treatment effect and slope of Ln (tme). The results were gven n Table 2 and Table 3 for dsease free survval and overall survval respectvely The estmate coeffcents of treatment varable n the two models showed sgnfcant dfference between Anthracyclne_ and chemotherapy regmens. Accordng to the models (3) and (4) t would be appear that the patents who receved Anthracyclne_ regmens had a greater chance to survve wthout any sgn Table 3. Results of Fttng Models (3) and (4) for Overall Survval Models 5658 Asan Pacfc Journal of Cancer Preventon, Vol 16, 2015 T T Ln (-S )) Ln (S T / (1-S )) Regresson coeffcents Estmate (SE) p-value Estmate (SE) p-value Intercept (0.40) < (0.49) <0.001 Treatment (0.18) (0.35) tme) 1.16 (0.09) < (0.19) <0.001 covarance parameter Estmate Estmate Varance Intercept Treatment tme) Covarance s InterceptTreatment Intercepttme) Treatmentln(tme) Varance(resdual) SE- Standard Error

5 DOI: and Anthracyclne- Breast Cancer Treatment and Survval n the Eastern Medterranean and Asa: a Meta-analyss of dsease or death. The parameters of covarance matrces were estmated by (6), for two models were llustrated that some are sgnfcantly dfferent from zer t was consdered addng term to (6) mprove the models but no extenson was statstcally Changng the treatment from to Anthracyclne_ sgnfcant or t cause no convergence. The regresson at a specfed tme caused the -S )) vared coeffcents on overall survval probabltes also declared unts that t means Anthracyclne_ regmen that n order to have greater survval chance the breast was more effectve on survval of breast cancer patents. cancer patents should receve Anthracyclne_ Addng another terms such as nteracton between Ln regmens rather than. (tme) and treatment to mprove the model was perused, Assessng the qualty of two proposed models by but no expansons were sgnfcant or lead to loss comparng the results of Table 2 and Table 3, accordng to nformaton about covarance matrx. the coeffcents and ts standard error of the ndependent The mean estmated survval curves of each treatment varables, model wth dependent varable -S)) for dsease free survval and overall survval are shown represented the parameter estmatons more precse than n Fgure 1 and 2. From the two fgures objectvely we the model ncluded -S)) as dependent varable. The concluded that the patents who receved Anthracyclne_ standard errors for the treatment effect parameters n the regmens had more chance to survve durng the model (3) were 0.18 and for dsease free survval tme than the other group. and overall survval respectvely however for the second they were and 0.269, generally the standard errors The studes to be combned n the meta-analyss are of parameter estmatons n model (3) were less than the ndexed by l, n each study one or two treatments are standard errors of the same parameter estmatons n the consdered that be showed by j. The ndex k counts the model (4), so we can conclude that the parameters of tme ponts. The S shows the survval proporton n lth model (3) are more precse and ths model was more vald. study for jth treatment at kth tme pont n each treatment Accordng to equaton (3) and (4), for dsease free of each study. S s a column vector of S and e s a column survval, the survval proportons can be estmated by (5): vector of resdual. The β s the parameter vector contanng the fxed effects. Z s desgn matrx for random effects. The vector of random coeffcent b are assumed to be ndependently and normally dstrbuted wth expectaton (5) zero and between-studes covarance matrx D and are And for the overall survval the survval probabltes ndependent from the e ʼs. Fgure 1. Mean Dsease Free Survval Curves of the Two Chemotherapy Regmens Fgure 2. Mean Overall Survval Curves of the Two Chemotherapy Regmens The Dsease Free Survval and Overall Survval Curves n Dfferent Studes (n appendx) Asan Pacfc Journal of Cancer Preventon, Vol 16,

6 Saeed Ghanbar et al Thee ʼs just n the same treatment wthn the same study are expected to be related. Accordng to Dear et al. they made use fact that the covarance of proportons between tme ponts t jk and t jk are gven by -s ))=X b+z b +e S /(1-S ))=X b +Z b +e b ; N(D) e ; N(V ) b ; N(D ) e ; N(V ) V V o 1 o V 2 SE Vj Sˆ S Dscusson S (1 S) SE ) (1 S ) S Sˆ Sˆ ) V V o The gold standard approach for meta-analyss of survval data or survval curves s to obtan ndvdual patents data from the studes. IPD meta-analyss has bg advantages such as the nvestgator can test the assumptons that has not done n prevous studes and the researcher can handle the outler better. However t s not possble or practcal to gather ndvdual patent data. Obtanng the nformaton of studes and artcles s not easy as the most mportant part of systematc revews. Statstcal technques development for meta- analyss of survval studes have focused manly n the combnaton of studes comparng two arms wth the purpose to estmate a pooled measure of the nterventon effects (Guyot et al.,. However, hazard rato as a measure of the nterventon effects whch s commonly pooled n meta-analyss may not dscover all the thngs and pooled survval proportons n each arm s more useful to complete the nformaton of the nterventons effects. Furthermore many studes n epdemology ntend to apprase the effects tme-dependent varables, Hence methods to provde a summary survval curve n a sngle arm or populaton n clncal researches s a real need. In order to obtan a summary survval curves a few methods have been proposed whch s the smplest approach s that the survval probabltes treated as proportons then combned them at the same tme ponts usng ether fxed effect unvarate approach or the Dersmonan and Lard method (random effect) (DerSmonan et al., 2007; Guyot et al.,. Snce n each analyss only a part of data s used t can lead to loss power. In order to enhance the qualty of secondary analyss of tme-to-event data snce the survval proportons whch are reported from survval curves n each study for each treatment are correlated over tme, the date have a multvarate essence, therefore multvarate models are more useful. One reason for ths s that t gves a more nformatve analyss of tme-dependent varables. Secondly the effects of several covarates on survval probabltes can estmated smultaneously. Fnally the flexblty of modelng enable us to analyze all avalable data have been publshed, especally when the curves reported n a sngle arm Asan Pacfc Journal of Cancer Preventon, Vol 16, o V 2 SE (1 ) S S SE V j Sˆ (1 S ) (1 S ) S Sˆ (1 Sˆ ) The proposed methods n ths paper were on a multvarate mxed-effect model. Frst model wth - S )) dependent varable was proposed by Lda R. Arends 2008 (Klen, 2005; Arends et al., 2008), and to evaluate the effcacy of ths model, second model wth S /(1-S )) response was suggested. In the frst model dfference n -S )) between two groups could be nterpreted as ln(hr) over tme and f the relatonshp between Ln-mnus-Ln of the survval proporton and tme)) have a lnear pattern then Webull dstrbuton could be used to more needed analyss whle n the second model the rato of Ŝ /(1-S )) for two groups shows the survval odds at a specfed tme and f Ŝ /(1-S )) and Ln (tme) be relevant n a lnear form we can use log logstc 75.0 dstrbuton for further analyss (Klen, 2005). The random effects n the model showed that the parameters fluctuate around a value wth some varance. In order to have precse estmates wth hgh power of covarate s effects smulaton 50.0 study could determne the approprate transformaton. As a comparable study an IPD meta-analyss has been done by Angelo et al. (2011) to compare the mpacts of these two 25.0 chemotherapy regmens on dsease free survval of breast cancer patents that t had been also showed a sgnfcant dfference n support of Anthracyclne_ treatment over (Leo et al., 2011). Another meta-analyss approach study had been done by Najaf et al. ( on dsease free survval curves that showed Anthracyclne_ as more effectve regmens. Ths paper followed the study of Najaf Zare et al up to July 30 th and extends the results (Zare et al., 2013). We showed and confrmed that the Anthracyclne_ regmens had more postve effect on dsease free survval and overall survval curves than regmen and reduced the chance of recurrence and death n breast cancer patents. Lastly as a lmtaton t should declared that the studes wth dfferent type of Anthracyclne_ regmens had been consdered. References Abbas H, Elyamany A, Salem M, et al (2011). The optmal sequence of radotherapy and chemotherapy n adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. Int Arch Med, 4, 35. Arends L, Hunnk M, Stjnen T, et al (2008). Meta-analyss of summary survval curve data. Stat Med, 27, Arkoob K, Al-Nsour M, Al-Nemry O, et al (2010). Epdemology of breast cancer n women n Jordan: patent characterstcs and survval analyss. East Medterr Health J, 16, Azrf M, Ibrahm J, Aslan N, et al (2011). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced breast cancer n a malaysan tertary hosptal. Asan Pac J Cancer Prev, 12, Camlbel B, Dne S (2005). A comparson of the outcomes of non-randomzed chemotherapy regmens n node postve breast cancer. J Exp Cln Cancer, 24, Chen D, La L, Duan C, et al (2014). Conservatve surgery plus axllary radotherapy vs modfed radcal mastectomy n patents wth stage I breast cancer. Cln Breast Cancer, 14, Chen S, Huang L, Lu Y, et al (2013). The predctve and prognostc sgnfcance of pre- and post-treatment toposomerase IIalpha n anthracyclne- neoadjuvant chemotherapy for local advanced breast cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol, 39, Newly dagnosed wthout treatment

7 DOI: and Anthracyclne- Breast Cancer Treatment and Survval n the Eastern Medterranean and Asa: a Meta-analyss Dear KB (1994). Iteratve generalzed least squares for metaanalyss of survval data at multple tmes. Bometrcs, Socety AC (2007). Breast cancer facts & fgures , cancer n North-West Inda. Indan J Cancer, 50, Amercan cancer socety Atlanta. DerSmonan R, Kacker R (2007). Random-effects model for Toknwa H, Horguch J, Takata D, et al (. Toposomerase meta-analyss of clncal trals: an update. Contemporary II alpha expresson and the K-67 labelng ndex correlate Clncal Trals, 28, wth prognostc factors n estrogen receptor-postve and Duman B, Afsar C, Gunald M, et al (. Retrospectve human epdermal growth factor type-2-negatve breast analyss of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer n cancer. Breast Cancer, 19, Turksh patents. Asan Pac J Cancer Prev, 13, Wakamatsu S, Mtsuyama S, Nanba K, et al (2006). Adjuvant Earl H, Hller M, Dunn J, et al (. Adjuvant eprubcn therapy for breast cancer n Kyushu. Breast Cancer, 13, followed by cyclophosphamde, methotrexate and fluorouracl () vs n early breast cancer: results Wang S, Sh Y, Yuan Z, et al (. Classcal regmen as wth over 7 years medan follow-up from the randomsed adjuvant chemotherapy for trple-negatve breast cancer may phase III NEAT/BR9601 trals. Br J Cancer, 107, be more effectve compared wth anthracyclne or taxane regmens. Medcal Oncol, 29, Faradmal J, Kazemnejad A, Bakhsh R (2010). Comparng three adjuvant chemotherapy regmes after modfed radcal Wu H, Kang H, Lu Y, et al (. Roles of ABCB1 gene mastectomy n breast cancer patents usng log-logstc polymorphsms and haplotype n susceptblty to breast model. J Semnan Unv Med Sc, 11, carcnoma rsk and clncal outcomes. J Cancer Res Cln Goga A, Rana V, Deo S, et al (2014). Inflammatory breast Oncol, 138, cancer: a sngle centre analyss. Asan Pac J Cancer Prev, Xue C, Wang X, Peng R, et al (. Dstrbuton, 15, clncopathologc features and survval of breast cancer Gupta D, Rana V, Rath G, et al (2011). Clncal and pathologcal subtypes n Southern Chna. Cancer Sc, 103, response rates of docetaxel- neoadjuvant chemotherapy Yao L, Lu Y, L Z, et al (2011). HER2 and response to n locally advanced breast cancer and comparson wth anthracyclne- neoadjuvant chemotherapy n breast anthracyclne- chemotherapes: eght-year experence cancer. Ann Oncol, 22, from sngle centre. Indan J Cancer, 48, Zare N, Doostfatemeh M, Rezaanzadeh A (. Modelng Guyot P, Ades A, Ouwens M, et al (. Enhanced secondary of breast cancer prognostc factors usng a parametrc loglogstc model n Fars provnce, Southern Iran. Asan Pac J analyss of survval data: reconstructng the data from publshed Kaplan-Meer survval curves. BMC Med Res Cancer Prev, 13, Methodol, 12, 9. Zare N, Ghanbar S, Saleh A (2013). Effects of two chemotherapy Ismal N, Elmajjaou S, Lalya I, et al (2010). Anthracyclne and regmens, anthracyclne- and, on breast cancer concurrent radotherapy as adjuvant treatment of operable dsease free survval n the Eastern Medterranean Regon breast cancer: a retrospectve cohort study n a sngle and Asa: a meta-analyss approach for survval curves. Asan nsttuton. BMC Res Notes, 3, 247. Pac J Cancer Prev, 14, Ismal N, Mellas N, Masbah O, et al (2009). Concurrent Zare N, Haem E, Lankaran KB, et al (2013). Breast cancer rsk chemoradotherapy n adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. factors n a defned populaton: weghted logstc regresson Radat Oncol, 4, 12. approach for rare events. J Breast Cancer, 16, J M, Tang J, Zhao J (. Polymorphsms n genes nvolved n Zhang J, Lu Y (2008). HER2 over-expresson and response to drug detoxfcaton and clncal outcomes of anthracyclne neoadjuvant chemotherapy n Chnese Han breast Unv Sc B, 9, 5-9. dfferent chemotherapy regmens n breast cancer. J Zhejang cancer patents. Cancer Bology Therapy, 13, Katalnc A, Prtzkulet R, Waldmann A (2009). Recent trends n breast cancer ncdence and mortalty n Germany. Breast Care (Basel), 4, Klen M (2005). Survval analyss: a self-learnng text, Sprnger. Leo A, Desmedt C, Bartlett J, et al (2011). HER2 and TOP2A as predctve markers for anthracyclne-contanng chemotherapy regmens as adjuvant treatment of breast cancer: a meta-analyss of ndvdual patent data. Lancet Oncol, 12, L L, Xu X, Zhao Y, et al (2009). Integrated gene expresson profle predcts prognoss of breast cancer patents. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 113, Mousav SM, Montazer A, Mohaghegh MA, et al (2007). Breast cancer n Iran: an epdemologcal revew. Breast J, 13, Phua C, Bustam A, Yusof M, et al (. Rsk of treatment related death and febrle neutropaena wth taxane- adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer n a mddle ncome country outsde a clncal tral settng. Asan Pac J Cancer Prev, 13, Sharf F, Abshorshor N, Tahmaseb S, et al (2010). The effect of peer-led educaton on the lfe qualty of mastectomy patents referred to breast cancer-clncs n Shraz, Iran Health Qual Lfe Outcomes, 8, 74. Sharma B, Satyanarayan A, Kalwar N, et al (2013). Fve year retrospectve survval analyss of trple negatve breast Asan Pacfc Journal of Cancer Preventon, Vol 16,

Joint Modelling Approaches in diabetes research. Francisco Gude Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago

Joint Modelling Approaches in diabetes research. Francisco Gude Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago Jont Modellng Approaches n dabetes research Clncal Epdemology Unt, Hosptal Clínco Unverstaro de Santago Outlne 1 Dabetes 2 Our research 3 Some applcatons Dabetes melltus Is a serous lfe-long health condton

More information

Modeling the Survival of Retrospective Clinical Data from Prostate Cancer Patients in Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana

Modeling the Survival of Retrospective Clinical Data from Prostate Cancer Patients in Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana Internatonal Journal of Appled Scence and Technology Vol. 5, No. 6; December 2015 Modelng the Survval of Retrospectve Clncal Data from Prostate Cancer Patents n Komfo Anokye Teachng Hosptal, Ghana Asedu-Addo,

More information

Copy Number Variation Methods and Data

Copy Number Variation Methods and Data Copy Number Varaton Methods and Data Copy number varaton (CNV) Reference Sequence ACCTGCAATGAT TAAGCCCGGG TTGCAACGTTAGGCA Populaton ACCTGCAATGAT TAAGCCCGGG TTGCAACGTTAGGCA ACCTGCAATGAT TTGCAACGTTAGGCA

More information

Economic crisis and follow-up of the conditions that define metabolic syndrome in a cohort of Catalonia,

Economic crisis and follow-up of the conditions that define metabolic syndrome in a cohort of Catalonia, Economc crss and follow-up of the condtons that defne metabolc syndrome n a cohort of Catalona, 2005-2012 Laa Maynou 1,2,3, Joan Gl 4, Gabrel Coll-de-Tuero 5,2, Ton Mora 6, Carme Saurna 1,2, Anton Scras

More information

Parameter Estimates of a Random Regression Test Day Model for First Three Lactation Somatic Cell Scores

Parameter Estimates of a Random Regression Test Day Model for First Three Lactation Somatic Cell Scores Parameter Estmates of a Random Regresson Test Day Model for Frst Three actaton Somatc Cell Scores Z. u, F. Renhardt and R. Reents Unted Datasystems for Anmal Producton (VIT), Hedeweg 1, D-27280 Verden,

More information

THE NATURAL HISTORY AND THE EFFECT OF PIVMECILLINAM IN LOWER URINARY TRACT INFECTION.

THE NATURAL HISTORY AND THE EFFECT OF PIVMECILLINAM IN LOWER URINARY TRACT INFECTION. MET9401 SE 10May 2000 Page 13 of 154 2 SYNOPSS MET9401 SE THE NATURAL HSTORY AND THE EFFECT OF PVMECLLNAM N LOWER URNARY TRACT NFECTON. L A study of the natural hstory and the treatment effect wth pvmecllnam

More information

Price linkages in value chains: methodology

Price linkages in value chains: methodology Prce lnkages n value chans: methodology Prof. Trond Bjorndal, CEMARE. Unversty of Portsmouth, UK. and Prof. José Fernández-Polanco Unversty of Cantabra, Span. FAO INFOSAMAK Tangers, Morocco 14 March 2012

More information

Impact of Imputation of Missing Data on Estimation of Survival Rates: An Example in Breast Cancer

Impact of Imputation of Missing Data on Estimation of Survival Rates: An Example in Breast Cancer Orgnal Artcle Impact of Imputaton of Mssng Data on Estmaton of Survval Rates: An Example n Breast Cancer Banesh MR 1, Tale AR 2 Abstract Background: Multfactoral regresson models are frequently used n

More information

Optimal Planning of Charging Station for Phased Electric Vehicle *

Optimal Planning of Charging Station for Phased Electric Vehicle * Energy and Power Engneerng, 2013, 5, 1393-1397 do:10.4236/epe.2013.54b264 Publshed Onlne July 2013 (http://www.scrp.org/ournal/epe) Optmal Plannng of Chargng Staton for Phased Electrc Vehcle * Yang Gao,

More information

Association between cholesterol and cardiac parameters.

Association between cholesterol and cardiac parameters. Short communcaton http://www.alledacademes.org/cholesterol-and-heart-dsease/ Assocaton between cholesterol and cardac parameters. Rabndra Nath Das* Department of Statstcs, The Unversty of Burdwan, Burdwan,

More information

Modeling Multi Layer Feed-forward Neural. Network Model on the Influence of Hypertension. and Diabetes Mellitus on Family History of

Modeling Multi Layer Feed-forward Neural. Network Model on the Influence of Hypertension. and Diabetes Mellitus on Family History of Appled Mathematcal Scences, Vol. 7, 2013, no. 41, 2047-2053 HIKARI Ltd, www.m-hkar.com Modelng Mult Layer Feed-forward Neural Network Model on the Influence of Hypertenson and Dabetes Melltus on Famly

More information

Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN METODOLOGIA STATISTICA PER LA RICERCA SCIENTIFICA

Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN METODOLOGIA STATISTICA PER LA RICERCA SCIENTIFICA Alma Mater Studorum Unverstà d Bologna DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN METODOLOGIA STATISTICA PER LA RICERCA SCIENTIFICA Cclo XXVII Settore Concorsuale d afferenza: 13/D1 Settore Scentfco dscplnare: SECS-S/02

More information

Statistical Analysis on Infectious Diseases in Dubai, UAE

Statistical Analysis on Infectious Diseases in Dubai, UAE Internatonal Journal of Preventve Medcne Research Vol. 1, No. 4, 015, pp. 60-66 http://www.ascence.org/journal/jpmr Statstcal Analyss on Infectous Dseases 1995-013 n Duba, UAE Khams F. G. 1, Hussan H.

More information

International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Computational and Applied Sciences (IJETCAS)

International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Computational and Applied Sciences (IJETCAS) Internatonal Assocaton of Scentfc Innovaton and Research (IASIR (An Assocaton Unfyng the Scences, Engneerng, and Appled Research Internatonal Journal of Emergng Technologes n Computatonal and Appled Scences

More information

Incorrect Beliefs. Overconfidence. Types of Overconfidence. Outline. Overprecision 4/22/2015. Econ 1820: Behavioral Economics Mark Dean Spring 2015

Incorrect Beliefs. Overconfidence. Types of Overconfidence. Outline. Overprecision 4/22/2015. Econ 1820: Behavioral Economics Mark Dean Spring 2015 Incorrect Belefs Overconfdence Econ 1820: Behavoral Economcs Mark Dean Sprng 2015 In objectve EU we assumed that everyone agreed on what the probabltes of dfferent events were In subjectve expected utlty

More information

Using the Perpendicular Distance to the Nearest Fracture as a Proxy for Conventional Fracture Spacing Measures

Using the Perpendicular Distance to the Nearest Fracture as a Proxy for Conventional Fracture Spacing Measures Usng the Perpendcular Dstance to the Nearest Fracture as a Proxy for Conventonal Fracture Spacng Measures Erc B. Nven and Clayton V. Deutsch Dscrete fracture network smulaton ams to reproduce dstrbutons

More information

A MIXTURE OF EXPERTS FOR CATARACT DIAGNOSIS IN HOSPITAL SCREENING DATA

A MIXTURE OF EXPERTS FOR CATARACT DIAGNOSIS IN HOSPITAL SCREENING DATA Journal of Theoretcal and Appled Informaton Technology 2005 ongong JATIT & LLS ISSN: 1992-8645 www.jatt.org E-ISSN: 1817-3195 A MIXTURE OF EXPERTS FOR CATARACT DIAGNOSIS IN HOSPITAL SCREENING DATA 1 SUNGMIN

More information

HIV/AIDS-related Expectations and Risky Sexual Behavior in Malawi

HIV/AIDS-related Expectations and Risky Sexual Behavior in Malawi Unversty of Pennsylvana ScholarlyCommons PSC Workng Paper Seres 7-29-20 HIV/AIDS-related Expectatons and Rsky Sexual Behavor n Malaw Adelne Delavande RAND Corporaton, Nova School of Busness and Economcs

More information

NHS Outcomes Framework

NHS Outcomes Framework NHS Outcomes Framework Doman 1 Preventng people from dyng prematurely Indcator Specfcatons Verson: 1.21 Date: May 2018 Author: Clncal Indcators Team NHS Outcomes Framework: Doman 1 Preventng people from

More information

The effect of salvage therapy on survival in a longitudinal study with treatment by indication

The effect of salvage therapy on survival in a longitudinal study with treatment by indication Research Artcle Receved 28 October 2009, Accepted 8 June 2010 Publshed onlne 30 August 2010 n Wley Onlne Lbrary (wleyonlnelbrary.com) DOI: 10.1002/sm.4017 The effect of salvage therapy on survval n a longtudnal

More information

310 Int'l Conf. Par. and Dist. Proc. Tech. and Appl. PDPTA'16

310 Int'l Conf. Par. and Dist. Proc. Tech. and Appl. PDPTA'16 310 Int'l Conf. Par. and Dst. Proc. Tech. and Appl. PDPTA'16 Akra Sasatan and Hrosh Ish Graduate School of Informaton and Telecommuncaton Engneerng, Toka Unversty, Mnato, Tokyo, Japan Abstract The end-to-end

More information

National Polyp Study data: evidence for regression of adenomas

National Polyp Study data: evidence for regression of adenomas 5 Natonal Polyp Study data: evdence for regresson of adenomas 78 Chapter 5 Abstract Objectves The data of the Natonal Polyp Study, a large longtudnal study on survellance of adenoma patents, s used for

More information

Richard Williams Notre Dame Sociology Meetings of the European Survey Research Association Ljubljana,

Richard Williams Notre Dame Sociology   Meetings of the European Survey Research Association Ljubljana, Rchard Wllams Notre Dame Socology rwllam@nd.edu http://www.nd.edu/~rwllam Meetngs of the European Survey Research Assocaton Ljubljana, Slovena July 19, 2013 Comparng Logt and Probt Coeffcents across groups

More information

The impact of asthma self-management education programs on the health outcomes: A meta-analysis (systemic review) of randomized controlled trials

The impact of asthma self-management education programs on the health outcomes: A meta-analysis (systemic review) of randomized controlled trials Calforna State Unversty, San Bernardno CSUSB ScholarWorks Theses Dgtzaton Project John M. Pfau Lbrary 2003 The mpact of asthma self-management educaton programs on the health outcomes: A meta-analyss (systemc

More information

A GEOGRAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF LEUKEMIA DEATHS RELATING TO NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS. Whitney Thompson, Sarah McGinnis, Darius McDaniel,

A GEOGRAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF LEUKEMIA DEATHS RELATING TO NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS. Whitney Thompson, Sarah McGinnis, Darius McDaniel, A GEOGRAPHICAL AD STATISTICAL AALYSIS OF LEUKEMIA DEATHS RELATIG TO UCLEAR POWER PLATS Whtney Thompson, Sarah McGnns, Darus McDanel, Jean Sexton, Rebecca Pettt, Sarah Anderson, Monca Jackson ABSTRACT:

More information

Using Past Queries for Resource Selection in Distributed Information Retrieval

Using Past Queries for Resource Selection in Distributed Information Retrieval Purdue Unversty Purdue e-pubs Department of Computer Scence Techncal Reports Department of Computer Scence 2011 Usng Past Queres for Resource Selecton n Dstrbuted Informaton Retreval Sulleyman Cetntas

More information

What Determines Attitude Improvements? Does Religiosity Help?

What Determines Attitude Improvements? Does Religiosity Help? Internatonal Journal of Busness and Socal Scence Vol. 4 No. 9; August 2013 What Determnes Atttude Improvements? Does Relgosty Help? Madhu S. Mohanty Calforna State Unversty-Los Angeles Los Angeles, 5151

More information

HIV/AIDS-related Expectations and Risky Sexual Behavior in Malawi

HIV/AIDS-related Expectations and Risky Sexual Behavior in Malawi HIV/AIDS-related Expectatons and Rsky Sexual Behavor n Malaw Adelne Delavande Unversty of Essex and RAND Corporaton Hans-Peter Kohler Unversty of Pennsylvanna January 202 Abstract We use probablstc expectatons

More information

NUMERICAL COMPARISONS OF BIOASSAY METHODS IN ESTIMATING LC50 TIANHONG ZHOU

NUMERICAL COMPARISONS OF BIOASSAY METHODS IN ESTIMATING LC50 TIANHONG ZHOU NUMERICAL COMPARISONS OF BIOASSAY METHODS IN ESTIMATING LC50 by TIANHONG ZHOU B.S., Chna Agrcultural Unversty, 2003 M.S., Chna Agrcultural Unversty, 2006 A THESIS submtted n partal fulfllment of the requrements

More information

Systematic review and meta-analysis Tropical Medicine Nov, 4 th 2016

Systematic review and meta-analysis Tropical Medicine Nov, 4 th 2016 Systematc revew and meta-analyss Tropcal Medcne Nov, 4 th 2016 Ammarn Thakknstan, Ph.D. Secton for Clncal Epdemology and Bostatstcs Faculty of Medcne, Ramathbod Hosptal e-mal: ammarn.tha@mahdol.ac.th www.ceb-rama.org

More information

THIS IS AN OFFICIAL NH DHHS HEALTH ALERT

THIS IS AN OFFICIAL NH DHHS HEALTH ALERT THIS IS AN OFFICIAL NH DHHS HEALTH ALERT Dstrbuted by the NH Health Alert Network Health.Alert@dhhs.nh.gov August 26, 2016 1430 EDT (2:30 PM EDT) NH-HAN 20160826 Recommendatons for Accurate Dagnoss of

More information

Recent Trends in U.S. Breast Cancer Incidence, Survival, and Mortality Rates

Recent Trends in U.S. Breast Cancer Incidence, Survival, and Mortality Rates Recent Trends n U.S. Breast Cancer Incdence, Survval, and Mortalty Rates Kenneth C. Chu, Robert E. Tarone, Larry G. Kessler, Lynn A. G. Res, Benjamn F. Hankey, Banj A. Mller, Brenda K. Edwards* Background:

More information

WHO S ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH CARE INDUSTRY PERFORMANCE: RATING THE RANKINGS

WHO S ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH CARE INDUSTRY PERFORMANCE: RATING THE RANKINGS WHO S ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH CARE INDUSTRY PERFORMANCE: RATING THE RANKINGS ELLIOTT PARKER and JEANNE WENDEL * Department of Economcs, Unversty of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA SUMMARY Ths paper examnes the econometrc

More information

Appendix F: The Grant Impact for SBIR Mills

Appendix F: The Grant Impact for SBIR Mills Appendx F: The Grant Impact for SBIR Mlls Asmallsubsetofthefrmsnmydataapplymorethanonce.Ofthe7,436applcant frms, 71% appled only once, and a further 14% appled twce. Wthn my data, seven companes each submtted

More information

Survival Comparisons for Breast Conserving Surgery and Mastectomy Revisited: Community Experience and the Role of Radiation Therapy

Survival Comparisons for Breast Conserving Surgery and Mastectomy Revisited: Community Experience and the Role of Radiation Therapy Clncal Medcne & Research Volume 13, Number 2: 65-73 2015 Marshfeld Clnc Health System clnmedres.org Orgnal Research Survval Comparsons for Breast Conservng Surgery and Mastectomy Revsted: Communty Experence

More information

Statistical models for predicting number of involved nodes in breast cancer patients

Statistical models for predicting number of involved nodes in breast cancer patients Vol.2, No.7, 641-651 (2010) do:10.4236/health.2010.27098 Health Statstcal models for predctng number of nvolved nodes n breast cancer patents Alok Kumar Dwved 1 *, Sada Nand Dwved 2, Suryanarayana Deo

More information

An Introduction to Modern Measurement Theory

An Introduction to Modern Measurement Theory An Introducton to Modern Measurement Theory Ths tutoral was wrtten as an ntroducton to the bascs of tem response theory (IRT) modelng and ts applcatons to health outcomes measurement for the Natonal Cancer

More information

Does reporting heterogeneity bias the measurement of health disparities?

Does reporting heterogeneity bias the measurement of health disparities? HEDG Workng Paper 06/03 Does reportng heterogenety bas the measurement of health dspartes? Teresa Bago d Uva Eddy Van Doorslaer Maarten Lndeboom Owen O Donnell Somnath Chatterj March 2006 ISSN 1751-1976

More information

A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Education on Social Capital

A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Education on Social Capital A Meta-Analyss of the Effect of Educaton on Socal Captal Huang Jan ** "Scholar" Research Center for Educaton and Labor Market Department of Economcs, Unversty of Amsterdam and Tnbergen Insttute by Henrëtte

More information

The Effect of Fish Farmers Association on Technical Efficiency: An Application of Propensity Score Matching Analysis

The Effect of Fish Farmers Association on Technical Efficiency: An Application of Propensity Score Matching Analysis The Effect of Fsh Farmers Assocaton on Techncal Effcency: An Applcaton of Propensty Score Matchng Analyss Onumah E. E, Esslfe F. L, and Asumng-Brempong, S 15 th July, 2016 Background and Motvaton Outlne

More information

Maize Varieties Combination Model of Multi-factor. and Implement

Maize Varieties Combination Model of Multi-factor. and Implement Maze Varetes Combnaton Model of Mult-factor and Implement LIN YANG,XIAODONG ZHANG,SHAOMING LI Department of Geographc Informaton Scence Chna Agrcultural Unversty No. 17 Tsnghua East Road, Bejng 100083

More information

A comparison of statistical methods in interrupted time series analysis to estimate an intervention effect

A comparison of statistical methods in interrupted time series analysis to estimate an intervention effect Peer revew stream A comparson of statstcal methods n nterrupted tme seres analyss to estmate an nterventon effect a,b, J.J.J., Walter c, S., Grzebeta a, R. & Olver b, J. a Transport and Road Safety, Unversty

More information

ALMALAUREA WORKING PAPERS no. 9

ALMALAUREA WORKING PAPERS no. 9 Snce 1994 Inter-Unversty Consortum Connectng Unverstes, the Labour Market and Professonals AlmaLaurea Workng Papers ISSN 2239-9453 ALMALAUREA WORKING PAPERS no. 9 September 211 Propensty Score Methods

More information

Study and Comparison of Various Techniques of Image Edge Detection

Study and Comparison of Various Techniques of Image Edge Detection Gureet Sngh et al Int. Journal of Engneerng Research Applcatons RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Study Comparson of Varous Technques of Image Edge Detecton Gureet Sngh*, Er. Harnder sngh** *(Department of

More information

Fitsum Zewdu, Junior Research Fellow. Working Paper No 3/ 2010

Fitsum Zewdu, Junior Research Fellow. Working Paper No 3/ 2010 SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS OF EARLY CHILDHOOD MORTALITY IN ETHIOPIA: EVIDENCE FROM DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEY Ftsum Zewdu, Junor Research Fellow Workng Paper No 3/ 2010 Ethopan Economcs Assocaton / Ethopan

More information

Non-parametric Survival Analysis for Breast Cancer Using nonmedical

Non-parametric Survival Analysis for Breast Cancer Using nonmedical IOSR Journal Of Humantes And Socal Scence (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 1, Issue 5, Ver. 1 (May. 16) PP -34 e-issn: 79-837, p-issn: 79-845. www.osrjournals.org Non-parametrc Survval Analyss for Breast Cancer Usng

More information

Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review 11 (2) (2018) Research Article

Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review 11 (2) (2018) Research Article Jestr Journal of Engneerng Scence and Technology Revew () (08) 5 - Research Artcle Prognoss Evaluaton of Ovaran Granulosa Cell Tumor Based on Co-forest ntellgence Model Xn Lao Xn Zheng Juan Zou Mn Feng

More information

Length of Hospital Stay After Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Myocardial Infarction Triage and Intervention (MITI) Project Registry

Length of Hospital Stay After Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Myocardial Infarction Triage and Intervention (MITI) Project Registry JACC Vol. 28, No. 2 287 CLINICAL STUDIES MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION Length of Hosptal Stay After Acute Myocardal Infarcton n the Myocardal Infarcton Trage and Interventon (MITI) Project Regstry NATHAN R. EVERY,

More information

Strategies for the Early Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction Using Biochemical Markers

Strategies for the Early Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction Using Biochemical Markers Clncal Chemstry / EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION USING IOCHEMICAL MARKERS Strateges for the Early Dagnoss of Acute Myocardal Infarcton Usng ochemcal Markers Martna Zannotto, Leopoldo Celegon,

More information

TOPICS IN HEALTH ECONOMETRICS

TOPICS IN HEALTH ECONOMETRICS TOPICS IN HEALTH ECONOMETRICS By VIDHURA SENANI BANDARA WIJAYAWARDHANA TENNEKOON A dssertaton submtted n partal fulfllment of the requrements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY

More information

Prediction of Total Pressure Drop in Stenotic Coronary Arteries with Their Geometric Parameters

Prediction of Total Pressure Drop in Stenotic Coronary Arteries with Their Geometric Parameters Tenth Internatonal Conference on Computatonal Flud Dynamcs (ICCFD10), Barcelona, Span, July 9-13, 2018 ICCFD10-227 Predcton of Total Pressure Drop n Stenotc Coronary Arteres wth Ther Geometrc Parameters

More information

A New Diagnosis Loseless Compression Method for Digital Mammography Based on Multiple Arbitrary Shape ROIs Coding Framework

A New Diagnosis Loseless Compression Method for Digital Mammography Based on Multiple Arbitrary Shape ROIs Coding Framework I.J.Modern Educaton and Computer Scence, 2011, 5, 33-39 Publshed Onlne August 2011 n MECS (http://www.mecs-press.org/) A New Dagnoss Loseless Compresson Method for Dgtal Mammography Based on Multple Arbtrary

More information

Are Drinkers Prone to Engage in Risky Sexual Behaviors?

Are Drinkers Prone to Engage in Risky Sexual Behaviors? Amercan Internatonal Journal of Socal Scence Vol. 2 No. 5; July 2013 Are Drnkers Prone to Engage n Rsky Sexual Behavors? Ana Isabel Gl Lacruz Zaragoza Unversty Department of Busness Organzaton and Management

More information

Project title: Mathematical Models of Fish Populations in Marine Reserves

Project title: Mathematical Models of Fish Populations in Marine Reserves Applcaton for Fundng (Malaspna Research Fund) Date: November 0, 2005 Project ttle: Mathematcal Models of Fsh Populatons n Marne Reserves Dr. Lev V. Idels Unversty College Professor Mathematcs Department

More information

INITIAL ANALYSIS OF AWS-OBSERVED TEMPERATURE

INITIAL ANALYSIS OF AWS-OBSERVED TEMPERATURE INITIAL ANALYSIS OF AWS-OBSERVED TEMPERATURE Wang Yng, Lu Xaonng, Ren Zhhua, Natonal Meteorologcal Informaton Center, Bejng, Chna Tel.:+86 684755, E-mal:cdcsjk@cma.gov.cn Abstract From, n Chna meteorologcal

More information

Comparison of support vector machine based on genetic algorithm with logistic regression to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea

Comparison of support vector machine based on genetic algorithm with logistic regression to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea Orgnal Artcle Comparson of support vector machne based on genetc algorthm wth logstc regresson to dagnose obstructve sleep apnea Zohreh Manoochehr, Nader Salar 1, Mansour Rezae 1, Habbolah Khazae 2, Sara

More information

DECREASING SYMPTOMS IN INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS PATIENTS: PENTOSAN POLYSULFATE VS. SACRAL NEUROMODULATION. A Research Project by. Katy D.

DECREASING SYMPTOMS IN INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS PATIENTS: PENTOSAN POLYSULFATE VS. SACRAL NEUROMODULATION. A Research Project by. Katy D. DECREASING SYMPTOMS IN INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS PATIENTS: PENTOSAN POLYSULFATE VS. SACRAL NEUROMODULATION. A Research Project by Katy D. Prce Bachelor of General Studes, Unversty of Kansas, 2005 Submtted

More information

Rainbow trout survival and capture probabilities in the upper Rangitikei River, New Zealand

Rainbow trout survival and capture probabilities in the upper Rangitikei River, New Zealand Ranbow trout survval and capture probabltes n the upper Rangtke Rver, New Zealand Rchard J Barker Department of Mathematcs and Statstcs Unversty of Otago P.O. Box 56 Dunedn, New Zealand Peter H Taylor

More information

UNIVERISTY OF KWAZULU-NATAL, PIETERMARITZBURG SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS, STATISTICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE

UNIVERISTY OF KWAZULU-NATAL, PIETERMARITZBURG SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS, STATISTICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE UNIVERISTY OF KWAZULU-NATAL, PIETERMARITZBURG SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS, STATISTICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE A COMPLEX SURVEY DATA ANALYSIS OF TB AND HIV MORTALITY IN SOUTH AFRICA By JOIE LEA MURORUNKWERE STUDENT

More information

Relevance of statistical techniques when using administrative health data: gender inequality in mortality from cardio-vascular disease

Relevance of statistical techniques when using administrative health data: gender inequality in mortality from cardio-vascular disease Relevance of statstcal technques when usng admnstratve health data: gender nequalty n mortalty from cardo-vascular dsease Julan Perelman Céu Mateus June 2010 Escola Naconal de Saúde Públca, Unversdade

More information

Insights in Genetics and Genomics

Insights in Genetics and Genomics Insghts n Genetcs and Genomcs Research Artcle Open Access New Score Tests for Equalty of Varances n the Applcaton of DNA Methylaton Data Analyss [Verson ] Welang Qu Xuan L Jarrett Morrow Dawn L DeMeo Scott

More information

I I I I I I I I I I I I 60

I I I I I I I I I I I I 60 EFFECT OF AGE, STAGE OF LACTATON, MLK YELD AND HEALTH EVENTS ON LENGTH OF PRODUCTVE LFE N SWEDSH DARY CATTLE ASSESSED BY SURVVAL ANALYSS. P.A. Oltenacu l, J. Carvalhera, U. Emanuelson 2 and V. Ducrocq

More information

Validation of the Gravity Model in Predicting the Global Spread of Influenza

Validation of the Gravity Model in Predicting the Global Spread of Influenza Int. J. Envron. Res. Publc Health 2011, 8, 3134-3143; do:10.3390/jerph8083134 OPEN ACCESS Internatonal Journal of Envronmental Research and Publc Health ISSN 1660-4601 www.mdp.com/journal/jerph Artcle

More information

Deposited on: 8 May 2008 Glasgow eprints Service

Deposited on: 8 May 2008 Glasgow eprints Service Assenburg C. and Bravo-Vergel Y. and Palmer S. and Fenwck E. and de Belder M. and Abrams K.R. and Sculpher M. (2007) Assessng the effectveness of prmary angoplasty compared wth thrombolyss and ts relatonshp

More information

Applying Multinomial Logit Model for Determining Socio- Economic Factors Affecting Major Choice of Consumers in Food Purchasing: The Case of Mashhad

Applying Multinomial Logit Model for Determining Socio- Economic Factors Affecting Major Choice of Consumers in Food Purchasing: The Case of Mashhad J. Agr. Sc. Tech. (2013) Vol. 15: 1307-1317 Applyng Multnomal Logt Model for Determnng Soco- Economc Factors Affectng Maor Choce of Consumers n Food Purchasng: The Case of Mashhad M. R. Kohansal 1, and

More information

Comparison of methods for modelling a count outcome with excess zeros: an application to Activities of Daily Living (ADL-s)

Comparison of methods for modelling a count outcome with excess zeros: an application to Activities of Daily Living (ADL-s) Comparson of methods for modellng a count outcome wth excess zeros: an applcaton to Actvtes of Daly Lvng (ADL-s) Paola Zannotto, Emanuela Falaschett To cte ths verson: Paola Zannotto, Emanuela Falaschett.

More information

Survival Rate of Patients of Ovarian Cancer: Rough Set Approach

Survival Rate of Patients of Ovarian Cancer: Rough Set Approach Internatonal OEN ACCESS Journal Of Modern Engneerng esearch (IJME) Survval ate of atents of Ovaran Cancer: ough Set Approach Kamn Agrawal 1, ragat Jan 1 Department of Appled Mathematcs, IET, Indore, Inda

More information

Drug Prescription Behavior and Decision Support Systems

Drug Prescription Behavior and Decision Support Systems Drug Prescrpton Behavor and Decson Support Systems ABSTRACT Adverse drug events plague the outcomes of health care servces. In ths research, we propose a clncal learnng model that ncorporates the use of

More information

Analysis of Correlated Recurrent and Terminal Events Data in SAS Li Lu 1, Chenwei Liu 2

Analysis of Correlated Recurrent and Terminal Events Data in SAS Li Lu 1, Chenwei Liu 2 Statstcs & Analyss Analyss of Correlated Recurrent and ermnal Events Data n SAS L Lu 1, Chenwe Lu 2 1 he EMMES Corporaton, Rockvlle, MD 2 Core Genotypng Faclty, Dvson of Cancer Epdemology and Genetcs,

More information

This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and

This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and Ths artcle appeared n a journal publshed by Elsever. The attached copy s furnshed to the author for nternal non-commercal research and educaton use, ncludng for nstructon at the authors nsttuton and sharng

More information

Concentration of teicoplanin in the serum of adults with end stage chronic renal failure undergoing treatment for infection

Concentration of teicoplanin in the serum of adults with end stage chronic renal failure undergoing treatment for infection Journal of Antmcrobal Chemotherapy (1996) 37, 117-121 Concentraton of tecoplann n the serum of adults wth end stage chronc renal falure undergong treatment for nfecton A. MercateUo'*, K. Jaber*, D. Hfflare-Buys*,

More information

Appendix for. Institutions and Behavior: Experimental Evidence on the Effects of Democracy

Appendix for. Institutions and Behavior: Experimental Evidence on the Effects of Democracy Appendx for Insttutons and Behavor: Expermental Evdence on the Effects of Democrac 1. Instructons 1.1 Orgnal sessons Welcome You are about to partcpate n a stud on decson-makng, and ou wll be pad for our

More information

Sparse Representation of HCP Grayordinate Data Reveals. Novel Functional Architecture of Cerebral Cortex

Sparse Representation of HCP Grayordinate Data Reveals. Novel Functional Architecture of Cerebral Cortex 1 Sparse Representaton of HCP Grayordnate Data Reveals Novel Functonal Archtecture of Cerebral Cortex X Jang 1, Xang L 1, Jngle Lv 2,1, Tuo Zhang 2,1, Shu Zhang 1, Le Guo 2, Tanmng Lu 1* 1 Cortcal Archtecture

More information

Normal variation in the length of the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle: identification of the short luteal phase

Normal variation in the length of the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle: identification of the short luteal phase Brtsh Journal of Obstetrcs and Gvnaecologjl July 1984, Vol. 9 1, pp. 685-689 Normal varaton n the length of the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle: dentfcaton of the short luteal phase ELIZABETH A. LENTON,

More information

IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF BIOMARKER IDENTIFICATION USING BIOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE

IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF BIOMARKER IDENTIFICATION USING BIOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF BIOMARKER IDENTIFICATION USING BIOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE JOHN H. PHAN The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Bomedcal Engneerng, Georga Insttute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drve Atlanta,

More information

Estimation of Relative Survival Based on Cancer Registry Data

Estimation of Relative Survival Based on Cancer Registry Data Revew of Bonformatcs and Bometrcs (RBB) Volume 2 Issue 4, December 203 www.sepub.org/rbb Estmaton of Relatve Based on Cancer Regstry Data Olaf Schoffer *, Ante Nedostate 2, Stefane J. Klug,2 Cancer Epdemology,

More information

Disease Mapping for Stomach Cancer in Libya Based on Besag York Mollié (BYM) Model

Disease Mapping for Stomach Cancer in Libya Based on Besag York Mollié (BYM) Model DI:0.034/APJCP.07.8.6.479 Dsease Mappng for Stomach Cancer n Lbya: Bayesan Study RESEARC ARTICLE Dsease Mappng for Stomach Cancer n Lbya Based on Besag York Mollé (BYM) Model Maryam Ahmed Salem Alhdr *,

More information

Latent Class Analysis for Marketing Scales Development

Latent Class Analysis for Marketing Scales Development Workng Paper Seres, N.16, 2009 Latent Class Analyss for Marketng Scales Development Francesca Bass Department of Statstcal Scences Unversty of Padua Italy Abstract: Measurement scales are a crucal nstrument

More information

STAGE-STRUCTURED POPULATION DYNAMICS OF AEDES AEGYPTI

STAGE-STRUCTURED POPULATION DYNAMICS OF AEDES AEGYPTI Internatonal Conference Mathematcal and Computatonal Bology 211 Internatonal Journal of Modern Physcs: Conference Seres Vol. 9 (212) 364 372 World Scentfc Publshng Company DOI: 1.1142/S21194512543 STAGE-STRUCTURED

More information

Cancer morbidity in ulcerative colitis

Cancer morbidity in ulcerative colitis Gut, 982, 2, 49-497 Cancer morbdty n ulceratve colts P PRIOR, S N GYDE, J C ACARNEY, H HOPSON, J A H WAERHOUSE, and R N ALLAN rom the Gastroenterology Unt, General Hosptal, Brmngham, and Cancer Epdemology

More information

Are National School Lunch Program Participants More Likely to be Obese? Dealing with Identification

Are National School Lunch Program Participants More Likely to be Obese? Dealing with Identification Are Natonal School Lunch Program Partcpants More Lkely to be Obese? Dealng wth Identfcaton Janet G. Peckham Graduate Student, Clemson Unversty (jgemml@clemson.edu) Jaclyn D. Kropp Assstant Professor, Clemson

More information

AUTOMATED DETECTION OF HARD EXUDATES IN FUNDUS IMAGES USING IMPROVED OTSU THRESHOLDING AND SVM

AUTOMATED DETECTION OF HARD EXUDATES IN FUNDUS IMAGES USING IMPROVED OTSU THRESHOLDING AND SVM AUTOMATED DETECTION OF HARD EXUDATES IN FUNDUS IMAGES USING IMPROVED OTSU THRESHOLDING AND SVM Wewe Gao 1 and Jng Zuo 2 1 College of Mechancal Engneerng, Shangha Unversty of Engneerng Scence, Shangha,

More information

THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION AND Z-SCORES COMMON CORE ALGEBRA II

THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION AND Z-SCORES COMMON CORE ALGEBRA II Name: Date: THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION AND Z-SCORES COMMON CORE ALGEBRA II The normal dstrbuton can be used n ncrements other than half-standard devatons. In fact, we can use ether our calculators or tables

More information

Gurprit Grover and Dulumoni Das* Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.

Gurprit Grover and Dulumoni Das* Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India. Journal of AIDS and HIV Research Vol. 3(), pp. -9, January 20 Avalable onlne http:// academcjournals.org/jahr ISSN 24-2359 20 Academc Journals Full Length Research Paper Decrement table and the estmaton

More information

Non-linear Multiple-Cue Judgment Tasks

Non-linear Multiple-Cue Judgment Tasks Non-lnear Multple-Cue Tasks Anna-Carn Olsson (anna-carn.olsson@psy.umu.se) Department of Psychology, Umeå Unversty SE-09 87, Umeå, Sweden Tommy Enqvst (tommy.enqvst@psyk.uu.se) Department of Psychology,

More information

Association Analysis and Distribution of Chronic Gastritis Syndromes Based on Associated Density

Association Analysis and Distribution of Chronic Gastritis Syndromes Based on Associated Density 200 IEEE Internatonal Conference on Bonformatcs and Bomedcne Workshops Assocaton Analyss and Dstrbuton of Chronc Gastrts s Based on Assocated Densty Guo-Png u Y-Qn Wang Fu-Feng Ha-Xa Yan Jng-Jng Fu Je

More information

Estimating the distribution of the window period for recent HIV infections: A comparison of statistical methods

Estimating the distribution of the window period for recent HIV infections: A comparison of statistical methods Research Artcle Receved 30 September 2009, Accepted 15 March 2010 Publshed onlne n Wley Onlne Lbrary (wleyonlnelbrary.com) DOI: 10.1002/sm.3941 Estmatng the dstrbuton of the wndow perod for recent HIV

More information

Experimental Study of Dielectric Properties of Human Lung Tissue in Vitro

Experimental Study of Dielectric Properties of Human Lung Tissue in Vitro Journal of Medcal and Bologcal Engneerng, 34(6): 598-64 598 Expermental Study of Delectrc Propertes of Human Lung Tssue n Vtro Je-Ran Wang 1 Ben-Yuan Sun 1 Hua-Xang Wang 1,* Shan Pang 1 Xao Xu Qng Sun

More information

Larynx Preservation in Pyriform Sinus Cancer: Preliminary Results of a European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Phase III Trial

Larynx Preservation in Pyriform Sinus Cancer: Preliminary Results of a European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Phase III Trial Larynx Preservaton n Pyrform Snus Cancer: Prelmnary Results of a European Organzaton for Research and Treatment of Cancer Phase Tral JeanLous Lefebvre, Domnque Chevaler, Bernard Lubonsk, Anne Krkpatrck,

More information

HERMAN AGUINIS University of Colorado at Denver. SCOTT A. PETERSEN U.S. Military Academy at West Point. CHARLES A. PIERCE Montana State University

HERMAN AGUINIS University of Colorado at Denver. SCOTT A. PETERSEN U.S. Military Academy at West Point. CHARLES A. PIERCE Montana State University ORGANIZATIONAL Aguns et al. / MODERATING RESEARCH EFFECTS METHODS Apprasal of the Homogenety of Error Varance Assumpton and Alternatves to Multple Regresson for Estmatng Moderatng Effects of Categorcal

More information

Physical Model for the Evolution of the Genetic Code

Physical Model for the Evolution of the Genetic Code Physcal Model for the Evoluton of the Genetc Code Tatsuro Yamashta Osamu Narkyo Department of Physcs, Kyushu Unversty, Fukuoka 8-856, Japan Abstract We propose a physcal model to descrbe the mechansms

More information

Gene Selection Based on Mutual Information for the Classification of Multi-class Cancer

Gene Selection Based on Mutual Information for the Classification of Multi-class Cancer Gene Selecton Based on Mutual Informaton for the Classfcaton of Mult-class Cancer Sheng-Bo Guo,, Mchael R. Lyu 3, and Tat-Mng Lok 4 Department of Automaton, Unversty of Scence and Technology of Chna, Hefe,

More information

Statistically Weighted Voting Analysis of Microarrays for Molecular Pattern Selection and Discovery Cancer Genotypes

Statistically Weighted Voting Analysis of Microarrays for Molecular Pattern Selection and Discovery Cancer Genotypes IJCSNS Internatonal Journal of Computer Scence and Network Securty, VOL.6 No.2, December 26 73 Statstcally Weghted Votng Analyss of Mcroarrays for Molecular Pattern Selecton and Dscovery Cancer Genotypes

More information

Investigation of zinc oxide thin film by spectroscopic ellipsometry

Investigation of zinc oxide thin film by spectroscopic ellipsometry VNU Journal of Scence, Mathematcs - Physcs 24 (2008) 16-23 Investgaton of znc oxde thn flm by spectroscopc ellpsometry Nguyen Nang Dnh 1, Tran Quang Trung 2, Le Khac Bnh 2, Nguyen Dang Khoa 2, Vo Th Ma

More information

Unobserved Heterogeneity and the Statistical Analysis of Highway Accident Data

Unobserved Heterogeneity and the Statistical Analysis of Highway Accident Data Unobserved Heterogenety and the Statstcal Analyss of Hghway Accdent Data Fred L. Mannerng Professor of Cvl and Envronmental Engneerng Courtesy Department of Economcs Unversty of South Florda 4202 E. Fowler

More information

INTEGRATIVE NETWORK ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY ABERRANT PATHWAY NETWORKS IN OVARIAN CANCER

INTEGRATIVE NETWORK ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY ABERRANT PATHWAY NETWORKS IN OVARIAN CANCER INTEGRATIVE NETWORK ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY ABERRANT PATHWAY NETWORKS IN OVARIAN CANCER LI CHEN 1,2, JIANHUA XUAN 1,*, JINGHUA GU 1, YUE WANG 1, ZHEN ZHANG 2, TIAN LI WANG 2, IE MING SHIH 2 1The Bradley Department

More information

Encoding processes, in memory scanning tasks

Encoding processes, in memory scanning tasks vlemory & Cognton 1976,4 (5), 501 506 Encodng processes, n memory scannng tasks JEFFREY O. MILLER and ROBERT G. PACHELLA Unversty of Mchgan, Ann Arbor, Mchgan 48101, Three experments are presented that

More information

Chapter 20. Aggregation and calibration. Betina Dimaranan, Thomas Hertel, Robert McDougall

Chapter 20. Aggregation and calibration. Betina Dimaranan, Thomas Hertel, Robert McDougall Chapter 20 Aggregaton and calbraton Betna Dmaranan, Thomas Hertel, Robert McDougall In the prevous chapter we dscussed how the fnal verson 3 GTAP data base was assembled. Ths data base s extremely large.

More information

CONSTRUCTION OF STOCHASTIC MODEL FOR TIME TO DENGUE VIRUS TRANSMISSION WITH EXPONENTIAL DISTRIBUTION

CONSTRUCTION OF STOCHASTIC MODEL FOR TIME TO DENGUE VIRUS TRANSMISSION WITH EXPONENTIAL DISTRIBUTION Internatonal Journal of Pure and Appled Mathematcal Scences. ISSN 97-988 Volume, Number (7), pp. 3- Research Inda Publcatons http://www.rpublcaton.com ONSTRUTION OF STOHASTI MODEL FOR TIME TO DENGUE VIRUS

More information

The Limits of Individual Identification from Sample Allele Frequencies: Theory and Statistical Analysis

The Limits of Individual Identification from Sample Allele Frequencies: Theory and Statistical Analysis The Lmts of Indvdual Identfcaton from Sample Allele Frequences: Theory and Statstcal Analyss Peter M. Vsscher 1 *, Wllam G. Hll 2 1 Queensland Insttute of Medcal Research, Brsbane, Australa, 2 Insttute

More information