8.1 Cellular Transport
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1 Ch 8: Cellular Transport and the Cell Cycle 8.1 Cellular Transport Inside This Section... Osmosis Passive vs. Active Transport Transport of Large Particles What is Osmosis? Diffusion of water across a membrane Water tries to reach equal on both sides of the membrane Since water is important for life, regulating water flow across the is important
2 All cells are surrounded by water 3 kinds of solutions surround cells: solution solution solution Hypertonic Solution Concentration of dissolved substances is in the solution outside the cell Osmosis moves water the cell Animal cells shrivel because of pressure Plant cells loose water mainly from vacuole. Plasma membrane and cytoplasm shrink away from (Wilting) Osmosis in Cells
3 Isotonic Solution concentration on dissolved substances inside and outside the cell No Cells in this do not change shape Hypotonic Solution Concentration of dissolved substances is in the solution outside the cell Osmosis moves water the cell Increased pressure can cause animal cells to burst if the is to high Plant cells don t burst because of the rigid Animal Cells
4 Plant Cells Passive Transport The movement of particles across the membranes by diffusion Doesn t require Particles ALWAYS move down a concentration gradient ( concentration to concentration) Passive transport of materials across the membrane with the help of protein channels is called Diffusion Passive Transport
5 Facilitated Diffusion Active Transport The movement of particles across the membrane a concentration gradient Requires energy Uses a The particle binds to the protein Chemical energy allows the protein to change Particle is released on the other side Active Transport
6 Transport of Large Particles : When a cell surrounds and takes in material from its environment Used to take in food particles, or even whole cells : When a cell secretes material into its environment Used to get rid of waste, to secrete hormones etc In Review... Osmosis Passive vs. Active Transport Transport of Large Particles Ch 8: Cellular Transport and the Cell Cycle 8.2 Cell Growth and Reproduction
7 Inside This Section... Cell Size Limitations Cell Reproduction The Cell Cycle Organization of Cells 3 Reasons why Cells are Small is Slow Surface Area-tovolume Diffusion is Slow Diffusion is slow and over large distances. Cells usually range between 2 and 200 micrometers in diameter. If a cell had a 20 cm diameter, a mitochondria at the center of the cell would have to wait before receiving molecules that enter the cell This limits the that cells can be.
8 DNA Limits Cell Size The bigger the cell, the more proteins the cell needs, the more necessary. Some larger cells have more than one. Surface Area-to-Volume Ratio Surface area is the amount of surface Volume tells how much can fit in the cell The larger the cell, the smaller the surface to volume ratio As cell size increases, the volume increases than surface area It is better to have many small cells than one large cell. Easier for to come in and wastes to leave. Cell Reproduction All cells come from cells When one cell divides, the result is 2 cells. Chromosomes are the structures that contain genetic information in the form of
9 Cell Reproduction Most of a cell lifetime, chromosomes exist as Long strands of DNA wrapped around proteins Looks like tangled up spaghetti This is when the blueprints for making is copied When it is time for cells to divide, chromatin gets reorganized into. The cell cycle is the sequence of and division. Most of its life, the cell is in the growth period called. Then the cell enters a period of nuclear division called From 1 cell, we get 2 daughter cells Interphase The Cell Grows The Cell Copies its Mitochondria and other are assembled The Cell Cycle
10 4 Phases of Mitosis rophase etaphase naphase elophase Phase 1: Prophase Phase of The long stringy chromatin coils up into visible chromosomes Sister chromatids are the two halves of the chromosomes Sister chromatids are connected via a Nucleus disappears as nuclear envelope and nucleolus disintegrates. The pair of separate and move to opposite ends of the cell Phase 1: Prophase
11 Phase 2: Metaphase Spindle fibers attach to the chromosome via the Chromosomes are then pulled to the (Metaphase Plate) The Sister Separate Centromeres split apart. Sister chromatids are pulled apart by the shortening of the. Phase 4: Telophase Reversal of many changes that happen in prophase. Chromosomes Spindles break down reappears and nuclear envelop forms Phase 3: Anaphase
12 Happens after telophase The cell s divides. Two new cells are. Cytokinesis Overview of the Cell Cycle The Organization of Cells Cells Tissue Organ Organism Organ System
13 In Review... Cell Size Limitations Cell Reproduction The Cell Cycle Organization of Cells Ch 8: Cellular Transport and the Cell Cycle 8.3: Control of Cell Cycle Section 8.3 Inside This Section... Cell Cycle Control Cancer
14 Section 8.3 Cell Cycle Control Certain enzymes usually regulate cell division. A gene is a segment of DNA that controls the production of a. Sometimes cells divide uncontrollably. In some cases, the result is. Cancer is thought to be a result of changes in one or more genes that are involved in the control of the. Section 8.3 Cancer Cancerous cells form masses of tissue called that deprives cells of nutrients. Cancer cells can also spread throughout the body via the bloodstream and form new tumors ( ) Section 8.3 Cell Cycle Control Cancer In Review...
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