Test 3 Study Guide: Photosynthesis, Respiration, and the Cell Membrane

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1 Name Blck Date Test 3 Study Guide: Phtsynthesis, Respiratin, and the Cell Membrane Test Dates: December 13 (1 st and 7 th blck) and 12 (6 th blck) SOL: BIO.2d, 3d-e Related Ntes Phtsynthesis Respiratin Cell Membrane Structure Cell Membrane Transprt Cell Membrane Summary Osmsis SA:V Rati (Why Cells Are Small) Related Assignments Phtsynthesis Fldable Respiratin Fldable Phtsynthesis & Respiratin Fldable Cell Membrane Mini Pster Membrane Transprt Fldable Osmsis Fldable Phtsynthesis Gizm Energy Cycle Gizm Osmsis Gizm Spinach Lab Pea Germinatin Lab Surface Area : Vlume Activity Cell Membrane Structure and Functin Describe hw the selective permeability f the cell membrane affects the life f a cell. The fluid msaic mdel f a membrane emphasizes the arrangement and functin f a bilayer f phsphlipids, transprt prteins, and chlesterl. Describe prcesses assciated with mvement acrss the membrane fr diffusin, facilitated diffusin, smsis, and active transprt. Hmestasis f a cell is maintained by the plasma membrane cmprised f a variety f rganic mlecules. The membrane cntrls the mvement f material in and ut f the cell, cmmunicatin between cells, and the recgnitin f cells t facilitate multiple metablic functins. Diffusin ccurs in cells when substances (xygen, carbn dixide, salts, sugars, amin acids) that are disslved in water mve frm an area f higher cncentratin t an area f lwer cncentratin. Facilitated diffusin ccurs in cells when larger substances are mved frm an area f higher cncentratin t an area f lwer cncentratin with the assistance f a carrier prtein withut the use f energy. Active transprt refers t the mvement f slid r liquid particles int and ut f a cell with an input f energy. Describe the relatinship between a cell s external slute cncentratin and its effect n the cell s internal slute cncentratin. Osmsis refers t the mvement f water mlecules thrugh a semi-permeable membrane frm an area f greater water cncentratin r pressure (lwer slute cncentratin) t an area f lesser water cncentratin r pressure (higher slute cncentratin).

2 Cell Surface Area : Vlume Rati Cmpare the efficiency f the ability f a cell t transprt material based n surface area t vlume ratis (SA:V). As cells increase in size, surface area t vlume ratis decrease, making cells unable t btain nutrients r remve wastes. T reduce the effects f this, cells divide t stay small r change shape t increase surface area r reduce vlume. SA:V rati shuld be high s diffusin will be fast Cellular Respiratin Recgnize the equatin fr cell respiratin and identify the reactants and prducts. Describe the rle f ATP in the strage and release f chemical energy in the cell. The breakdwn f nutrient mlecules enables all cells t stre energy in specific chemicals that are used t carry ut the life functins f the cell. During cell respiratin, eukarytic cells "burn" rganic mlecules with xygen in the mitchndria, which releases energy in the frm f ATP, carbn dixide, and water. Cells release the chemical energy stred in the prducts f phtsynthesis (glucse). This energy is transprted within the cell in the frm f ATP. When cells need energy t d wrk, certain enzymes release the energy stred in the chemical bnds in ATP. Phtsynthesis Explain hw light is the initial surce f energy fr mst cmmunities. Plant cells and many micrrganisms use slar energy t cmbine mlecules f carbn dixide and water int cmplex, energy-rich rganic cmpunds and release xygen int the envirnment. Recgnize the equatins fr phtsynthesis and respiratin and identify the reactants and prducts. The prcess f phtsynthesis prvides a vital cnnectin between the sun and the energy needs f living systems. During phtsynthesis, cells trap energy frm sunlight with chlrphyll, fund in chlrplasts, and use the energy, carbn dixide, and water t prduce energy-rich rganic mlecules (glucse) and xygen. Phtsynthesis invlves an energy cnversin in which light energy is cnverted t chemical energy in specialized cells. These cells are fund in auttrphs such as plants and sme prtists. Explain the interrelatedness f phtsynthesis and cell respiratin. Phtsynthesis and cell respiratin are cmplementary prcesses fr cycling carbn dixide and xygen as well as transferring energy in ecsystems

3 Name Blck Date Test 3 Study Guide: Phtsynthesis, Respiratin, and the Cell Membrane Part 1 Phtsynthesis and Cell Respiratin 1. Write the chemical equatin fr phtsynthesis. 2. Describe r define each f the fllwing terms: Chlrplast Chlrphyll 3. Write the chemical equatin fr aerbic cellular respiratin. 4. Cmplete the chart belw: Descriptin Prcess ATP Prductin Examples Respiratin that requires xygen N/A Respiratin that des nt require xygen 5. Describe the rle f ATP in the cell: 6. Cmplete the chart belw: Descriptin Prcess Reactants Prducts Organelle Type f rganism Cnvert light energy t fd Cnvert fd (glucse) t ATP 7. Describe tw ways that hetertrphs (such as animals and fungi) rely n auttrphs (like plants) fr survival. I. II.

4 8. Cmplete the diagram belw by filling in the bxes: Part 2 The Cell Membrane 9. Describe the main functin f the cell membrane: 10. Define hmestasis and describe an example: III. Definitin: IV. Example: 11. The cell membrane is selectively permeable. Describe what this prperty means. 12. The cell membrane is described by the fluid msaic mdel. This name refers t 2 prperties f the cell membrane. V. Fluid suggests the membrane is always VI. Msaic refers t the membrane being made f

5 13. Label the diagram belw: 14. Describe the functins f each f the fllwing: VII. VIII. Transprt prteins Chlesterl 15. Label and describe the parts f a phsphlipid using the terms belw: Attracted t Fatty acid Phsphate Hydrphilic Hydrphbic Nnplar water tail head Plar Repelled by water 16. Explain why the phsphlipids arrange themselves in a lipid bilayer within the cell membrane. 17. Cmplete the chart belw: Type f transprt Requires energy? Up r dwn cncentratin gradient? Results in dynamic equilibrium? Passive Active

6 18. Passive transprt is driven by diffusin, which results in dynamic equilibrium acrss the membrane. Define the fllwing terms: IX. Diffusin X. Dynamic equilibrium 19. Cmplete the chart belw: Type f transprt Passive r active? Requires energy? Up r dwn cncentratin gradient? Results in dynamic equilibrium? Requires transprt prteins? Type(s) f mlecules mving acrss the membrane? Simple diffusin Facilitated diffusin Osmsis 20. Fr each f the fllwing diagrams: Draw an arrw t shw the directin f smsis (diffusin f water) Write if the cell will expand, shrink, r stay the same size Label the envirnment as hypertnic, hyptnic, r istnic slute particles What directin will water diffuse? The cell will: Envirnment is: Cells remain small because large cells require t much and d nt maintain as easily. 21. Cells benefit frm a surface area (SA) and a vlume (V) because they can diffuse substances. 22. Rank the fllwing cells frm mst (1) t least (3) efficient:

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