Large Biological Molecules Multiple Choice Review

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Large Biological Molecules Multiple Choice Review"

Transcription

1 New Jersey enter for Teaching and Learning Slide 1 / 43 Progressive Science Initiative This material is made freely available at and is intended for the non-commercial use of students and teachers. These materials may not be used for any commercial purpose without the written permission of the owners. NJTL maintains its website for the convenience of teachers who wish to make their work available to other teachers, participate in a virtual professional learning community, and/or provide access to course materials to parents, students and others. lick to go to website: Slide 2 / 43 Large iological Molecules Multiple hoice Review 1 Why is information about carbon critical to understanding the molecules of life? it is the backbone of biological molecules required for life it is the only element that can form triple bonds it results in the theory of vitalism (organic molecules are produced only in living organisms) it is able to cause dehydration synthesis Slide 3 / 43

2 1 Why is information about carbon critical to understanding the molecules of life? it is the backbone of biological molecules required for life it is the only element that can form triple bonds it results in the theory of vitalism (organic molecules are produced only in living organisms) it is able to cause dehydration synthesis nswer Slide 3 (nswer) / 43 2 Organic chemistry is the study of compounds containing Slide 4 / 43 carbon and hydrogen carbon and helium carbon and nitrogen hydrogen and nitrogen 2 Organic chemistry is the study of compounds containing Slide 4 (nswer) / 43 carbon and hydrogen nswer carbon and helium carbon and nitrogen hydrogen and nitrogen

3 3 What is the characteristic of carbon atoms that most contributes to its importance to critical biological molecules? Slide 5 / 43 the ability to bond with eight (8) other atoms the ability to form hydrogen, carbon and covalent bonds the ability to choose the type of molecule to produce the ability to form 4 (four) bonds producing a 3 structure 3 What is the characteristic of carbon atoms that most contributes to its importance to critical biological molecules? Slide 5 (nswer) / 43 the ability to bond with eight (8) other atoms nswer the ability to form hydrogen, carbon and covalent bonds the ability to choose the type of molecule to produce the ability to form 4 (four) bonds producing a 3 structure 4 Why are fossil fuels, such as gasoline, considered organic compounds? Slide 6 / 43 they contain both hydrogen and carbon they contain hydrogen they contain carbon they are only produced from living organisms

4 4 Why are fossil fuels, such as gasoline, considered organic compounds? Slide 6 (nswer) / 43 they contain both hydrogen and carbon nswer they contain hydrogen they contain carbon they are only produced from living organisms 5 There are two forms of hydrocarbons. Which is most able to accept new atoms and why? saturated hydrocarbons; they have double or triple bonds that can be broken saturated hydrocarbon; they have single bonds only which are easier to break unsaturated hydrocarbons; they have double or triple bonds that can be broken unsaturated hydrocarbons; they have single bonds only which are easier to break Slide 7 / 43 5 There are two forms of hydrocarbons. Which is most able to accept new atoms and why? saturated hydrocarbons; they have double or triple bonds that can be broken saturated hydrocarbon; they have single bonds only which are easier to break nswer unsaturated hydrocarbons; they have double or triple bonds that can be broken unsaturated hydrocarbons; they have single bonds only which are easier to break Slide 7 (nswer) / 43

5 6 There are many different types of proteins created by bonding amino acids together. How is this possible when there is a small set of amino acids? Slide 8 / 43 each protein is composed of 1-2 unique monomers each protein has exactly the same monomers each protein is an arrangement of monomers in a unique manner each protein acts differently depending upon the organism 6 There are many different types of proteins created by bonding amino acids together. How is this possible when there is a small set of amino acids? Slide 8 (nswer) / 43 each protein is composed of 1-2 unique monomers each protein has exactly the same monomers each protein is an arrangement of monomers in a unique manner each protein acts differently depending upon the organism nswer 7 Monomers are bonded together by which of the following processes? Slide 9 / 43 hydrolysis non-hydration lysis ionic bonding dehydration synthesis

6 7 Monomers are bonded together by which of the following processes? Slide 9 (nswer) / 43 hydrolysis nswer non-hydration lysis ionic bonding dehydration synthesis 8 Which of the following lists correctly identifies the characteristic structures within an amino acid? Slide 10 / 43 ammonia - carbon group - side chain NH3 - OOH - side chain NO2 - OH - side chain N2OH- OOH - side chain 8 Which of the following lists correctly identifies the characteristic structures within an amino acid? Slide 10 (nswer) / 43 ammonia - carbon group - side chain nswer NH3 - OOH - side chain NO2 - OH - side chain N2OH- OOH - side chain

7 9 When proteins are formed the and of one amino acid combines with the end of a second amino acid for form a Slide 11 / 43 acid; amine; monopeptide amine; amine; polypeptide amine; acid; monopeptide acid; amine; polypeptide 9 When proteins are formed the and of one amino acid combines with the end of a second amino acid for form a Slide 11 (nswer) / 43 acid; amine; monopeptide nswer amine; amine; polypeptide amine; acid; monopeptide acid; amine; polypeptide 10 There are 20 standard amino acids. How do they differ from each other? Slide 12 / 43 the amine groups can vary the carboxyl groups can vary the carbons can vary the side chains can vary

8 10 There are 20 standard amino acids. How do they differ from each other? Slide 12 (nswer) / 43 the amine groups can vary nswer the carboxyl groups can vary the carbons can vary the side chains can vary 11 Which of the following statements best describes the impact of the structure of proteins? Slide 13 / 43 shape is driven by chemistry; shape dictates function shape is driven by chemistry; polarity dictates function shape is driven by environment; environment dictates function shape is driven by chemistry; environment dictates function 11 Which of the following statements best describes the impact of the structure of proteins? Slide 13 (nswer) / 43 shape is driven by chemistry; shape dictates function shape is driven by chemistry; polarity dictates function shape is driven by environment; environment dictates function nswer shape is driven by chemistry; environment dictates function

9 12 For which level of structure in proteins do the side chains play the biggest role? Slide 14 / 43 secondary tertiary primary quaternary 12 For which level of structure in proteins do the side chains play the biggest role? Slide 14 (nswer) / 43 secondary tertiary primary quaternary nswer 13 How does a protein change during denaturation and why is this important? Slide 15 / 43 the protein loses amino acids; the polarity may be changed the protein loses its shape; the protein cannot function the protein loses HOH; dehydration synthesis cannot occur the protein gains amino acids; the protein changes into a different protein

10 13 How does a protein change during denaturation and why is this important? Slide 15 (nswer) / 43 the protein loses amino acids; the polarity may be changed the protein loses its shape; the protein cannot function nswer the protein loses HOH; dehydration synthesis cannot occur the protein gains amino acids; the protein changes into a different protein 14 Proteins play many critical roles in organisms. Which of the following pairs correctly connects the function of a protein to its class? Slide 16 / 43 cytoskeleton is structural; antibodies are defense speed regulation is enzymes; muscles are hormonal hair is storage; hemoglobin is transport hormones are signaling; membrane proteins are enzymes 14 Proteins play many critical roles in organisms. Which of the following pairs correctly connects the function of a protein to its class? Slide 16 (nswer) / 43 cytoskeleton is structural; antibodies are defense nswer speed regulation is enzymes; muscles are hormonal hair is storage; hemoglobin is transport hormones are signaling; membrane proteins are enzymes

11 15 arbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Which of the following represents the general formula for carbohydrates? Slide 17 / 43 xh 2xO x O 2xH xh xo x 2xH xo 2x 15 arbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Which of the following represents the general formula for carbohydrates? Slide 17 (nswer) / 43 xh 2xO x O 2xH nswer xh xo x 2xH xo 2x 16 The monomer of polysaccharides is a. Table sugar is an example of a. Slide 18 / 43 monocarbohydrate; dicarbohydrate disaccharide; disaccharide monosaccharide; disaccharide monosaccharide; monosaccharide

12 16 The monomer of polysaccharides is a. Table sugar is an example of a. Slide 18 (nswer) / 43 monocarbohydrate; dicarbohydrate disaccharide; disaccharide nswer monosaccharide; disaccharide monosaccharide; monosaccharide 17 When comparing proteins and carbohydrates, the following similarities can be identified: Slide 19 / 43 both consist of linked monomers via the process of hydrolysis both consist of linked monomers via the process of dehydration synthesis both consist of linked amino acids via the process of hydrolysis both consist of linked sugars via the process of dehydration synthesis. 17 When comparing proteins and carbohydrates, the following similarities can be identified: Slide 19 (nswer) / 43 both consist of linked monomers via the process of hydrolysis nswer both consist of linked monomers via the process of dehydration synthesis both consist of linked amino acids via the process of hydrolysis both consist of linked sugars via the process of dehydration synthesis.

13 18 Three types of polysaccharides are particularly important to living organisms. They each perform functions vital to cells. Which of the following correctly identifies two of these types of polysaccharides and their primary functions? Slide 20 / 43 starch, storage; glucose, energy starch, cell walls; glucose, storage glucose, cell walls; cellulose, energy cellulose, storage by animals; glucose, storage by plants 18 Three types of polysaccharides are particularly important to living organisms. They each perform functions vital to cells. Which of the following correctly identifies two of these types of polysaccharides and their primary functions? Slide 20 (nswer) / 43 starch, storage; glucose, energy starch, cell walls; glucose, storage nswer glucose, cell walls; cellulose, energy cellulose, storage by animals; glucose, storage by plants 19 One type of carbohydrate can be seen in the image below. How does its structure reflect its function? This image is of glucose as its long chain molecules reflect its use for storage This image is of starch as its long chains allows for long term storage This image is of glycogen as the cross chains reflect its use by muscles. This image is of cellulose as its structure reflects its strength Slide 21 / 43

14 19 One type of carbohydrate can be seen in the image below. How does its structure reflect its function? This image is of glucose as its long chain molecules reflect its use for storage This image is of starch as its long chains allows for long term storage This image is of glycogen as the cross chains reflect its use by muscles. This image is of cellulose as its structure reflects its strength nswer Slide 21 (nswer) / Nucleic acids, such as RN, consist of monomers of. Each of these monomers consists of,, and. amino acids; side chain, carboxyl group, glucose nucleotides; side chain, sugar, nitrate group nucleotides; sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate group amino acids; sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate group Slide 22 / Nucleic acids, such as RN, consist of monomers of. Each of these monomers consists of,, and. amino acids; side chain, carboxyl group, glucose nucleotides; side chain, sugar, nitrate group nucleotides; sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate group amino acids; sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate group nswer Slide 22 (nswer) / 43

15 21 There are five types of nitrogenous bases, four of which are found within N molecules. These are: Slide 23 / 43 adenine, thymine, guanine, uracil adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine adenine, uracil, phosphate, ribose 21 There are five types of nitrogenous bases, four of which are found within N molecules. These are: Slide 23 (nswer) / 43 nswer adenine, thymine, guanine, uracil adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine adenine, uracil, phosphate, [This object ribose is a pull tab] 22 Pair bonding occurs in N between purine molecules and pyrimidine molecules. Why must this type of pairing take place? The genetic sequence is found on the pyrimidine bases, so there must be a pyrimidine in each step of the N ladder The number of hydrogen bonds between the bases must match in order for the helix to be double stranded. The phosphate bonds required to hold each single strand together must match up in order to produce the double helix. The double strand is held together by peptide bonds, which allows for the genetic code. Slide 24 / 43

16 22 Pair bonding occurs in N between purine molecules and pyrimidine molecules. Why must this type of pairing take place? The genetic sequence is found on the pyrimidine bases, so there must be a pyrimidine in each step of the N ladder nswer The number of hydrogen bonds between the bases must match in order for the helix to be double stranded. The phosphate bonds required to hold each single strand together must match up in order to produce the double helix. The double strand is held together by peptide bonds, which allows for the genetic code. Slide 24 (nswer) / Which of the following best describes the form and function of one type of nucleic acid? Slide 25 / 43 RN, a double helix, functions primarily as an archive of genetic information. RN, a single helix, functions primarily as an archive of genetic information. N, a single helix, functions primarily as an archive of genetic information. N, a double helix, functions primarily as an archive of genetic information. 23 Which of the following best describes the form and function of one type of nucleic acid? Slide 25 (nswer) / 43 RN, a double helix, functions primarily as an archive of genetic information. nswer RN, a single helix, functions primarily as an archive of genetic information. N, a single helix, functions primarily as an archive of genetic information. N, a double helix, functions [This object primarily is a pull tab] as an archive of genetic information.

17 24 The nucleotides of N form bonds. bonds with guanine and bonds with. Slide 26 / 43 oxygen; cytosine, adenine, uracil hydrogen; guanine, adenine, cytosine hydrogen; cytosine, adenine, thymine helium; cytosine, adenine, thymine 24 The nucleotides of N form bonds. bonds with guanine and bonds with. Slide 26 (nswer) / 43 nswer oxygen; cytosine, adenine, uracil hydrogen; guanine, adenine, cytosine hydrogen; cytosine, adenine, thymine helium; cytosine, adenine, thymine 25 Molecules may be hydrophobic, hydrophilic or amphiphilic. Lipids are either or. Slide 27 / 43 hydrophilic, amphiphilic hydrophobic, amphiphilic hydrophobic, hydrophilic hydrophilic, hydrophilic

18 25 Molecules may be hydrophobic, hydrophilic or amphiphilic. Lipids are either or. Slide 27 (nswer) / 43 hydrophilic, amphiphilic nswer hydrophobic, amphiphilic hydrophobic, hydrophilic hydrophilic, hydrophilic 26 Fatty acids contain -hydrogen bonds, making them. The phosphate head in a phospholipid is. The entire phospholipid molecule, therefore, is. Slide 28 / 43 carbon; hydrophobic; hydrophilic; amphiphilic hydrogen; hydrophilic; hydrophilic; amphiphilic carbon; hydrophilic; hydrophilic; hydrophobic hydrogen; hydrophobic; hydrophobic; hydrophobic 26 Fatty acids contain -hydrogen bonds, making them. The phosphate head in a phospholipid is. The entire phospholipid molecule, therefore, is. Slide 28 (nswer) / 43 nswer carbon; hydrophobic; hydrophilic; amphiphilic hydrogen; hydrophilic; hydrophilic; amphiphilic carbon; hydrophilic; hydrophilic; hydrophobic hydrogen; hydrophobic; hydrophobic; hydrophobic

19 27 The image below represents a type of lipid molecule. It is identifiable by two characteristic smaller molecules. Identify the lipid and the smaller molecules. triglyceride; glucose, fatty acids triglyceride; glycerol, fatty acids triglyceride; glycerol, phospholipid fatty acid; glucose; triglyceride Slide 29 / The image below represents a type of lipid molecule. It is identifiable by two characteristic smaller molecules. Identify the lipid and the smaller molecules. triglyceride; glucose, fatty acids triglyceride; glycerol, fatty acids nswer triglyceride; glycerol, phospholipid fatty acid; glucose; triglyceride Slide 29 (nswer) / Image #1 below is of a(n) fatty acid, identifiable because of its bond(s). Image #2 below is of a (n) fatty acid because of its bond(s). saturated fat; double; unsaturated fat; single saturated fat; single; unsaturated; double unsaturated; double; saturated; single unsaturated, single; saturated; double Slide 30 / 43 Image #1 Image #2

20 28 Image #1 below is of a(n) fatty acid, identifiable because of its bond(s). Image #2 below is of a (n) fatty acid because of its bond(s). saturated fat; double; unsaturated fat; single saturated fat; single; unsaturated; double unsaturated; double; saturated; single unsaturated, single; saturated; double nswer Image #1 Image #2 Slide 30 (nswer) / Soaps and detergents are able to remove oil, grease, etc from items because the end of the soap molecule bonds with the stains while the other end of the soap molecule bonds with. Slide 31 / 43 hydrophobic; water hydrophobic; stains hydrophilic; water hydrophilic; stains 29 Soaps and detergents are able to remove oil, grease, etc from items because the end of the soap molecule bonds with the stains while the other end of the soap molecule bonds with. Slide 31 (nswer) / 43 nswer hydrophobic; water hydrophobic; stains hydrophilic; water hydrophilic; stains

21 30 The results of the lab tests performed (shown in the data table above) indicate that unknown #1 contains. This is because the changed from light brown to blue black during the test. Slide 32 / 43 proteins; Lugol s sugars; iuret starch; Lugol s lipids; Lugol s 30 The results of the lab tests performed (shown in the data table above) indicate that unknown #1 contains. This is because the changed from light brown to blue black during the test. Slide 32 (nswer) / 43 nswer proteins; Lugol s sugars; iuret starch; Lugol s lipids; Lugol s Slide 33 / 43 Results from an experiment testing for presence of specific chemicals. Indicators used are listed across the top of the chart. unknown Lugols iodine Sudan stain iuret reagent 1 positive negative negative 2 negative positive negative 3 negative negative positive

22 31 The results of the lab tests performed (shown in the data table above) indicate that unknown #2 contains. Slide 34 / 43 proteins glucose starch lipids 31 The results of the lab tests performed (shown in the data table above) indicate that unknown #2 contains. Slide 34 (nswer) / 43 proteins glucose starch nswer lipids 32 The results of the lab tests performed (shown in the data table above) indicate that unknown #3 contains. This is because the changed from blue to purple during the test. Slide 35 / 43 proteins; Sudan glucose; iuret starch; iuret proteins; iuret

23 32 The results of the lab tests performed (shown in the data table above) indicate that unknown #3 contains. This is because the changed from blue to purple during the test. Slide 35 (nswer) / 43 nswer proteins; Sudan glucose; iuret starch; iuret proteins; iuret 33 We can identify whether or not a lipid is saturated or unsaturated, by its physical state. Unsaturated fats are and saturated fats are. Slide 36 / 43 solid, liquid liquid, solid liquid, less dense liquid unbreakable, solid 33 We can identify whether or not a lipid is saturated or unsaturated, by its physical state. Unsaturated fats are and saturated fats are. Slide 36 (nswer) / 43 solid, liquid liquid, solid nswer liquid, less dense liquid unbreakable, solid

24 34 Waxes and steroids are both considered to be. Slide 37 / 43 proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids 34 Waxes and steroids are both considered to be. Slide 37 (nswer) / 43 proteins carbohydrates lipids nswer nucleic acids 35 Protein, carbohydrate, and nucleic acid molecules are the result of smaller molecules bonded together. The process that occurs to attach these smaller molecules to one another is. Slide 38 / 43 hydrolysis dehydration lysis hydrosynthesis dehydration synthesis

25 35 Protein, carbohydrate, and nucleic acid molecules are the result of smaller molecules bonded together. The process that occurs to attach these smaller molecules to one another is. Slide 38 (nswer) / 43 hydrolysis nswer dehydration lysis hydrosynthesis dehydration synthesis 36 Which protein structural level would be least affected by disruptions in the hydrogen-bonding process? Slide 39 / 43 primary secondary tertiary quaternary 36 Which protein structural level would be least affected by disruptions in the hydrogen-bonding process? Slide 39 (nswer) / 43 primary secondary tertiary quaternary nswer

26 37 RN and N differ in that they utilize different within their nucleotides. RN utilizes and N utilizes. Slide 40 / 43 phosphates; peptide, amino acids sugars; deoxyribose, ribose sugars; ribose, deoxyribose R groups; glucose, galactose 37 RN and N differ in that they utilize different within their nucleotides. RN utilizes and N utilizes. Slide 40 (nswer) / 43 nswer phosphates; peptide, amino acids sugars; deoxyribose, ribose sugars; ribose, deoxyribose R groups; glucose, galactose 38 The image below is of a type of biomolecule critical for life. Identify both the type of biomolecule and the specific name of the molecule. Slide 41 / 43 protein; antibodies carbohydrate; sucrose carbohydrate; glucose nucleic acid; deoxyribonucleic acid

27 38 The image below is of a type of biomolecule critical for life. Identify both the type of biomolecule and the specific name of the molecule. Slide 41 (nswer) / 43 protein; antibodies carbohydrate; sucrose carbohydrate; glucose nucleic acid; deoxyribonucleic acid nswer 39 The image below is of a large biomolecule. Identify this biomolecules and its components by selecting the correct list from the choices below: RN; #1 represents the sugar, #2 represents the phosphate, #3 represents the bases N; #1 represents the sugar, #2 represents the phosphate, #3 represents the bases RN; #1 represents the sugar, #2 represents the bases, represents the phosphate N; #1 represents the phosphate, #2 represents the sugar, #3 represents the bases Slide 42 / The image below is of a large biomolecule. Identify this biomolecules and its components by selecting the correct list from the choices below: RN; #1 represents the sugar, #2 represents the phosphate, #3 represents the bases N; #1 represents the sugar, #2 represents the phosphate, #3 represents the bases RN; #1 represents the sugar, #2 represents the bases, represents the phosphate N; #1 represents the phosphate, #2 represents the sugar, #3 represents the bases nswer Slide 42 (nswer) / 43

28 Slide 43 / 43

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life. Chapter 3

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life. Chapter 3 The Chemical Building Blocks of Life Chapter 3 Biological Molecules Biological molecules consist primarily of -carbon bonded to carbon, or -carbon bonded to other molecules. Carbon can form up to 4 covalent

More information

Carbon. Isomers. The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Carbon. Isomers. The Chemical Building Blocks of Life The Chemical Building Blocks of Life Carbon Chapter 3 Framework of biological molecules consists primarily of carbon bonded to Carbon O, N, S, P or H Can form up to 4 covalent bonds Hydrocarbons molecule

More information

Biological Molecules

Biological Molecules The Chemical Building Blocks of Life Chapter 3 Biological molecules consist primarily of -carbon bonded to carbon, or -carbon bonded to other molecules. Carbon can form up to 4 covalent bonds. Carbon may

More information

Biological Molecules

Biological Molecules Chemical Building Blocks of Life Chapter 3 Biological Molecules Biological molecules consist primarily of -carbon bonded to carbon, or -carbon bonded to other molecules. Carbon can form up to 4 covalent

More information

Biological Molecules. Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids

Biological Molecules. Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids Biological Molecules Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids Organic Molecules Always contain Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H) Carbon is missing four electrons Capable of forming 4 covalent bonds

More information

What are the molecules of life?

What are the molecules of life? Molecules of Life What are the molecules of life? Organic Compounds Complex Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Organic Compounds Carbon- hydrogen based molecules From Structure to Function Ø Carbon

More information

Most life processes are a series of chemical reactions influenced by environmental and genetic factors.

Most life processes are a series of chemical reactions influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Biochemistry II Most life processes are a series of chemical reactions influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Metabolism the sum of all biochemical processes 2 Metabolic Processes Anabolism-

More information

Macromolecules. Honors Biology

Macromolecules. Honors Biology Macromolecules onors Biology 1 The building materials of the body are known as macromolecules because they can be very large There are four types of macromolecules: 1. Proteins 2. Nucleic acids 3. arbohydrates

More information

Chapter 3- Organic Molecules

Chapter 3- Organic Molecules Chapter 3- Organic Molecules CHNOPS Six of the most abundant elements of life (make up 95% of the weight of all living things)! What are they used for? Structures, enzymes, energy, hormones, DNA How do

More information

All living things are mostly composed of 4 elements: H, O, N, C honk Compounds are broken down into 2 general categories: Inorganic Compounds:

All living things are mostly composed of 4 elements: H, O, N, C honk Compounds are broken down into 2 general categories: Inorganic Compounds: Biochemistry Organic Chemistry All living things are mostly composed of 4 elements: H, O, N, C honk Compounds are broken down into 2 general categories: Inorganic Compounds: Do not contain carbon Organic

More information

The Atoms of Life. What are other elements would you expect to be on this list? Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorous Sulfur (sometimes)

The Atoms of Life. What are other elements would you expect to be on this list? Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorous Sulfur (sometimes) Macromolecules The Atoms of Life The most frequently found atoms in the body are Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorous Sulfur (sometimes) What are other elements would you expect to be on this list?

More information

Chapter 3 The Molecules of Life

Chapter 3 The Molecules of Life Chapter 3 The Molecules of Life State Standards Standard 1.h. Standard 5.a. Standard 4.e. Organic Molecules A cell is mostly water. The rest of the cell consists mostly of carbon based molecules organic

More information

BIOCHEMISTRY. How Are Macromolecules Formed? Dehydration Synthesis or condensation reaction Polymers formed by combining monomers and removing water.

BIOCHEMISTRY. How Are Macromolecules Formed? Dehydration Synthesis or condensation reaction Polymers formed by combining monomers and removing water. BIOCHEMISTRY Organic compounds Compounds that contain carbon are called organic. Inorganic compounds do not contain carbon. Carbon has 4 electrons in outer shell. Carbon can form covalent bonds with as

More information

Macromolecules. copyright cmassengale

Macromolecules. copyright cmassengale Macromolecules 1 Organic Compounds Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic. Macromolecules are large organic molecules. 2 Carbon (C) Carbon has 4 electrons in outer shell. Carbon can form covalent

More information

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids Is it made of carbohydrates? Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. A carbohydrate with 6 carbon atoms would have

More information

Organic Compounds. Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic. Macromolecules are large organic molecules.

Organic Compounds. Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic. Macromolecules are large organic molecules. Macromolecules Organic Compounds Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic. Macromolecules are large organic molecules. Carbon (C) Carbon has 4 electrons in outer shell. Carbon can form covalent

More information

Macromolecules. 3. There are several levels of protein structure, the most complex of which is A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary

Macromolecules. 3. There are several levels of protein structure, the most complex of which is A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary Macromolecules 1. If you remove all of the functional groups from an organic molecule so that it has only carbon and hydrogen atoms, the molecule become a molecule. A) carbohydrate B) carbonyl C) carboxyl

More information

Organic Molecules. 8/27/2004 Mr. Davenport 1

Organic Molecules. 8/27/2004 Mr. Davenport 1 Organic Molecules 8/27/2004 Mr. Davenport 1 Carbohydrates Commonly called sugars and starches Consist of C, H, O with H:O ration 2:1 Usually classified as to sugar units Monosaccharide are single sugar

More information

small molecules that make up larger molecules organic compound made up of sugar molecules sugar that contains one sugar unit

small molecules that make up larger molecules organic compound made up of sugar molecules sugar that contains one sugar unit organic molecule carbon based compound inorganic molecule hydrocarbon functional group hydrophilic NON-carbon based compound organic molecule made of only carbon and hydrogen group of atoms bonded to a

More information

Unit #2: Biochemistry

Unit #2: Biochemistry Unit #2: Biochemistry STRUCTURE & FUNCTION OF FOUR MACROMOLECULES What are the four main biomolecules? How is each biomolecule structured? What are their roles in life? Where do we find them in our body?

More information

The Building blocks of life. Macromolecules

The Building blocks of life. Macromolecules The Building blocks of life Macromolecules 1 copyright cmassengale 2 Organic Compounds Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic. Macromolecules are large organic molecules. 3 LIFE ON EARTH IS CARBON-BASED

More information

Biology: Life on Earth Chapter 3 Molecules of life

Biology: Life on Earth Chapter 3 Molecules of life Biology: Life on Earth Chapter 3 Molecules of life Chapter 3 Outline 3.1 Why Is Carbon So Important in Biological Molecules? p. 38 3.2 How Are Organic Molecules Synthesized? p. 38 3.3 What Are Carbohydrates?

More information

INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 3.1 I can explain why carbon is unparalleled in its ability to form large, diverse molecules. Diverse molecules found in cells are composed of carbon bonded to other elements

More information

Bio 12 Important Organic Compounds: Biological Molecules NOTES Name:

Bio 12 Important Organic Compounds: Biological Molecules NOTES Name: Bio 12 Important Organic Compounds: Biological Molecules NOTES Name: Many molecules of life are.(means many molecules joined together) Monomers: that exist individually Polymers: Large organic molecules

More information

CARBOHYDRATES. Produce energy for living things Atoms? Monomer Examples? Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in 1:2:1 ratio.

CARBOHYDRATES. Produce energy for living things Atoms? Monomer Examples? Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in 1:2:1 ratio. CARBOHYDRATES Produce energy for living things Atoms? Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in 1:2:1 ratio Monomer Examples? Sugars, starches MONOSACCHARIDES--- main source of energy for cells Glucose Know formula?

More information

Biology 5A Fall 2010 Macromolecules Chapter 5

Biology 5A Fall 2010 Macromolecules Chapter 5 Learning Outcomes: Macromolecules List and describe the four major classes of molecules Describe the formation of a glycosidic linkage and distinguish between monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

More information

Macro molecule = is all the reactions that take place in cells, the sum of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism Anabolism:

Macro molecule = is all the reactions that take place in cells, the sum of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism Anabolism: Macromolecule Macro molecule = molecule that is built up from smaller units The smaller single subunits that make up macromolecules are known as Joining two or more single units together form a M is all

More information

Biology Chapter 5. Biological macromolecules

Biology Chapter 5. Biological macromolecules Biology Chapter 5 Biological macromolecules Small molecules (like water and NaCl) have certain properties that arise from the bonds which hold atoms together in a particular arrangement. Many of the molecules

More information

Lesson 2. Biological Molecules. Introduction to Life Processes - SCI 102 1

Lesson 2. Biological Molecules. Introduction to Life Processes - SCI 102 1 Lesson 2 Biological Molecules Introduction to Life Processes - SCI 102 1 Carbon in Biological Molecules Organic molecules contain carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) Example: glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) Inorganic

More information

Chapter 2 pt 2. Atoms, Molecules, and Life. Gregory Ahearn. John Crocker. Including the lecture Materials of

Chapter 2 pt 2. Atoms, Molecules, and Life. Gregory Ahearn. John Crocker. Including the lecture Materials of Chapter 2 pt 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Life Including the lecture Materials of Gregory Ahearn University of North Florida with amendments and additions by John Crocker Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc..

More information

Biomolecule: Carbohydrate

Biomolecule: Carbohydrate Biomolecule: Carbohydrate This biomolecule is composed of three basic elements (carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen) in a 1:2:1 ratio. The most basic carbohydrates are simple sugars, or monosaccharides. Simple

More information

Biology Kevin Dees. Biology Chapter 5. Biological macromolecules

Biology Kevin Dees. Biology Chapter 5. Biological macromolecules Biology Chapter 5 Biological macromolecules Small molecules (like water and NaCl) have certain properties that arise from the bonds which hold atoms together in a particular arrangement. Many of the molecules

More information

Biology. Slide 1 / 140. Slide 2 / 140. Large Biological Molecules. Vocabulary Slide 3 /

Biology. Slide 1 / 140. Slide 2 / 140. Large Biological Molecules. Vocabulary Slide 3 / Slide 1 / 140 Slide 2 / 140 iology Large iological Molecules 2015-08-28 www.njctl.org Vocabulary Slide 3 / 140 amino acid amphiphilic carbohydrate cellulose denaturation disaccharide N fatty acid fructose

More information

Unit 3: Chemistry of Life Mr. Nagel Meade High School

Unit 3: Chemistry of Life Mr. Nagel Meade High School Unit 3: Chemistry of Life Mr. Nagel Meade High School IB Syllabus Statements 3.2.1 Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds. 3.2.2 Identify amino acids, glucose, ribose and fatty acids from

More information

Many of the compounds we are concerned with in biology are carbon-based compounds The study of carbon-based compounds is called organic chemistry

Many of the compounds we are concerned with in biology are carbon-based compounds The study of carbon-based compounds is called organic chemistry 1 2 3 4 Bio 1101 Lecture 3 Chapter 3: Molecules of Life Organic Molecules Many of the compounds we are concerned with in biology are carbon-based compounds The study of carbon-based compounds is called

More information

Macromolecules. Molecules of Life

Macromolecules. Molecules of Life Macromolecules Molecules of Life Learning Objectives know the difference between a dehydration synthesis reaction and a hydrolysis reaction know the different types of biological macromolecules be able

More information

Chapter 5 THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF LARGE BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES

Chapter 5 THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF LARGE BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES Chapter 5 THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF LARGE BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES You Must Know The role of dehydration synthesis in the formation of organic compounds and hydrolysis in the digestion of organic compounds.

More information

Biological Chemistry. Is biochemistry fun? - Find it out!

Biological Chemistry. Is biochemistry fun? - Find it out! Biological Chemistry Is biochemistry fun? - Find it out! 1. Key concepts Outline 2. Condensation and Hydrolysis Reactions 3. Carbohydrates 4. Lipids 5. Proteins 6. Nucleic Acids Key Concepts: 1. Organic

More information

Macromolecules. Note: If you have not taken Chemistry 11 (or if you ve forgotten some of it), read the Chemistry Review Notes on your own.

Macromolecules. Note: If you have not taken Chemistry 11 (or if you ve forgotten some of it), read the Chemistry Review Notes on your own. Macromolecules Note: If you have not taken Chemistry 11 (or if you ve forgotten some of it), read the Chemistry Review Notes on your own. Macromolecules are giant molecules made up of thousands or hundreds

More information

Composed of long chains of smaller molecules Macromolecules are formed through the process of polymerization

Composed of long chains of smaller molecules Macromolecules are formed through the process of polymerization Chapter 5, Campbell Composed of long chains of smaller molecules Macromolecules are formed through the process of polymerization. Polymerization = large compounds are built by joining smaller ones together

More information

Honors Biology Chapter 3: Macromolecules PPT Notes

Honors Biology Chapter 3: Macromolecules PPT Notes Honors Biology Chapter 3: Macromolecules PPT Notes 3.1 I can explain why carbon is unparalleled in its ability to form large, diverse molecules. Diverse molecules found in cells are composed of carbon

More information

The Carbon Atom (cont.)

The Carbon Atom (cont.) Organic Molecules Organic Chemistry The chemistry of the living world. Organic Molecule a molecule containing carbon and hydrogen Carbon has 4 electrons in its outer shell and can share electrons with

More information

Organic Compounds. Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic. Macromolecules are large organic molecules.

Organic Compounds. Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic. Macromolecules are large organic molecules. Macromolecules 1 Organic Compounds Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic. Macromolecules are large organic molecules. 2 Carbon (C) Carbon has 4 electrons in outer shell. Carbon can form covalent

More information

All living things are mostly composed of 4 elements: H, O, N, C honk Compounds are broken down into 2 general categories: Inorganic Compounds:

All living things are mostly composed of 4 elements: H, O, N, C honk Compounds are broken down into 2 general categories: Inorganic Compounds: Organic Chemistry All living things are mostly composed of 4 elements: H, O, N, C honk Compounds are broken down into 2 general categories: Inorganic Compounds: Do not contain carbon Organic compounds

More information

I. Polymers & Macromolecules Figure 1: Polymers. Polymer: Macromolecule: Figure 2: Polymerization via Dehydration Synthesis

I. Polymers & Macromolecules Figure 1: Polymers. Polymer: Macromolecule: Figure 2: Polymerization via Dehydration Synthesis I. Polymers & Macromolecules Figure 1: Polymers Polymer: Macromolecule: Figure 2: Polymerization via Dehydration Synthesis 1 Dehydration Synthesis: Figure 3: Depolymerization via Hydrolysis Hydrolysis:

More information

Introduction to Macromolecules. If you were to look at the nutrition label of whole milk, what main items stick out?

Introduction to Macromolecules. If you were to look at the nutrition label of whole milk, what main items stick out? Introduction to Macromolecules Macromolecules are a set of molecules that are found in living organisms. Macromolecules essentially mean big molecules as the word macro means large. The functions of these

More information

Organic Compounds. (Carbon Compounds) Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

Organic Compounds. (Carbon Compounds) Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Organic Compounds (Carbon Compounds) Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Carbon s Bonding Behavior Outer shell of carbon has 4 electrons; can hold 8 Each carbon atom can form covalent bonds with

More information

A. Lipids: Water-Insoluble Molecules

A. Lipids: Water-Insoluble Molecules Biological Substances found in Living Tissues Lecture Series 3 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function A. Lipids: Water-Insoluble Lipids can form large biological molecules, but these aggregations

More information

Organic Molecules Worksheet: Read through each section and answer the following questions.

Organic Molecules Worksheet: Read through each section and answer the following questions. Name: Date: Period: Organic Molecules Worksheet: Read through each section and answer the following questions. Organic molecules are the molecules that exist in all living things. They are life s building

More information

Large Biological Molecules

Large Biological Molecules Large_iological_Molecules_Presentation 2013 08 30.notebook New Jersey enter for Teaching and Learning Progressive Science Initiative This material is made freely available at www.njctl.org and is intended

More information

Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life Part 2

Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life Part 2 Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life Part 2 Carbohydrates are Polymers of Monosaccharides Three different ways to represent a monosaccharide Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are sugars and starches and provide

More information

Organic Chemistry. Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds. Biochemistry is the study of carbon compounds that crawl.

Organic Chemistry. Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds. Biochemistry is the study of carbon compounds that crawl. Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds. Biochemistry is the study of carbon compounds that crawl. Organic Compounds - have carbon bonded to other atoms and determine structure/function

More information

Carbon. Carbon. Carbon Skeleton 8/25/2016. The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Carbon. Carbon. Carbon Skeleton 8/25/2016. The Chemical Building Blocks of Life The Chemical Building Blocks of Life Carbon Life as we know it is carbon-based. Biological molecules are built on a carbon skeleton. Small atom with a valence of 4. Carbon Can form up to 4 covalent bonds.

More information

3.1 Carbon is Central to the Living World

3.1 Carbon is Central to the Living World BIOL 100 Ch. 3 1 3.1 Carbon is Central to the Living World Carbon Central element to life Most biological molecules are built on a carbon framework. Organic molecules Humans 18.5% Carbon Why is Carbon

More information

Water: 1. The bond between water molecules is a(n) a. ionic bond b. covalent bond c. polar covalent bond d. hydrogen bond

Water: 1. The bond between water molecules is a(n) a. ionic bond b. covalent bond c. polar covalent bond d. hydrogen bond Biology 12 - Biochemistry Practice Exam KEY Water: 1. The bond between water molecules is a(n) a. ionic bond b. covalent bond c. polar covalent bond d. hydrogen bond 2. The water properties: good solvent,

More information

WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?

WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? CHAPTER 2 FUNDAMENTAL CHEMISTRY FOR MICROBIOLOGY WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? An understanding of chemistry is essential to understand cellular structure and function, which are paramount for your understanding

More information

Lecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function

Lecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function Lecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function Reading Assignments Read Chapter 4 (Protein structure & Function) Biological Substances found in Living Tissues The big four in terms of macromolecules

More information

The Structure and Function of Macromolecules

The Structure and Function of Macromolecules The Structure and Function of Macromolecules I. Polymers What is a polymer? Poly = many; mer = part. A polymer is a large molecule consisting of many smaller sub-units bonded together. What is a monomer?

More information

Chapter 1-2 Review Assignment

Chapter 1-2 Review Assignment Class: Date: Chapter 1-2 Review Assignment Multiple Choice dentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Corn seedlings A student wanted to design an investigation to see

More information

Lecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function

Lecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function Lecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function Reading Assignments Read Chapter 4 (Protein structure & Function) Biological Substances found in Living Tissues The big four in terms of macromolecules

More information

Chp 2 (cont.) Organic Molecules. Spider s web and close up of capture strand - spider silk protein

Chp 2 (cont.) Organic Molecules. Spider s web and close up of capture strand - spider silk protein Chp 2 (cont.) Organic Molecules Spider s web and close up of capture strand - spider silk protein 1! Molecular Diversity is Based on Carbon An organic molecule contains both carbon and hydrogen. Ex: Methane

More information

Macromolecules Carbohydrates A COMPLEX COLORING EXPERIENCE

Macromolecules Carbohydrates A COMPLEX COLORING EXPERIENCE Macromolecules Carbohydrates A COMPLEX COLORING EXPERIENCE Name: Per: Date: All plants, animals and microorganisms use carbohydrates as sources of energy. Carbohydrates are also used as structural building

More information

Chapter 2. Chemical Composition of the Body

Chapter 2. Chemical Composition of the Body Chapter 2 Chemical Composition of the Body Carbohydrates Organic molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen General formula C n H 2n O n -ose denotes a sugar molecule Supply energy Glucose Complex

More information

Biochemistry Macromolecules and Enzymes. Unit 02

Biochemistry Macromolecules and Enzymes. Unit 02 Biochemistry Macromolecules and Enzymes Unit 02 Organic Compounds Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic. What is Carbon? Carbon has 4 electrons in outer shell. Carbon can form covalent bonds

More information

Biology 12 - Biochemistry Practice Exam

Biology 12 - Biochemistry Practice Exam Biology 12 - Biochemistry Practice Exam Name: Water: 1. The bond between water molecules is a (n) a. ionic bond b. covalent bond c. polar covalent bond d. hydrogen bond 2. The water properties: good solvent,

More information

ORgo! ORganic Chemistry - an introduction to Macromolcules

ORgo! ORganic Chemistry - an introduction to Macromolcules ORgo! ORganic Chemistry - an introduction to Macromolcules Macromolecule - an organic molecule (containing carbon atoms) made of a very large number of atoms (big). 1 4 main types of macromolecules: 1)

More information

Biomolecules. The chemistry of life

Biomolecules. The chemistry of life Biomolecules The chemistry of life Knowing Word Parts can help you remember big words in Biochem Mono one, single Di two, double Poly many, much Hydro water (think: hydrate) Bio related to life (think:

More information

Chapter 3. Table of Contents. Section 1 Carbon Compounds. Section 2 Molecules of Life. Biochemistry

Chapter 3. Table of Contents. Section 1 Carbon Compounds. Section 2 Molecules of Life. Biochemistry Biochemistry Table of Contents Section 1 Carbon Compounds Section 2 Molecules of Life Section 1 Carbon Compounds Objectives Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds. Explain the importance of

More information

NOTE: For studying for the final, you only have to worry about those with an asterix (*)

NOTE: For studying for the final, you only have to worry about those with an asterix (*) NOTE: For studying for the final, you only have to worry about those with an asterix (*) (*)1. An organic compound is one that: a. contains carbon b. is slightly acidic c. forms long chains d. is soluble

More information

General Biology 1004 Chapter 3 Lecture Handout, Summer 2005 Dr. Frisby

General Biology 1004 Chapter 3 Lecture Handout, Summer 2005 Dr. Frisby Slide 1 CHAPTER 3 The Molecules of Life PowerPoint Lecture Slides for Essential Biology, Second Edition & Essential Biology with Physiology Presentation prepared by Chris C. Romero Copyright 2004 Pearson

More information

CHAPTER 3. Carbon & the Molecular Diversity of Life

CHAPTER 3. Carbon & the Molecular Diversity of Life CHAPTER 3 Carbon & the Molecular Diversity of Life Carbon: The Organic Element Compounds that are synthesized by cells and contain carbon are organic So what is inorganic? Why are carbon compounds so prevalent?

More information

Biological molecules

Biological molecules Biological molecules 04-04-16 Announcements Your lab report 1 is due now Quiz 1 is on Wednesday at the beginning of class, so don t be late Review Macromolecues are large molecules necessary for life made

More information

Lecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function

Lecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function Lecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function Reading Assignments Read Chapter 4 (Protein structure & Function) Biological Substances found in Living Tissues The big four in terms of macromolecules

More information

6/15/2015. Biological Molecules. Outline. Organic Compounds. Organic Compounds - definition Functional Groups Biological Molecules. What is organic?

6/15/2015. Biological Molecules. Outline. Organic Compounds. Organic Compounds - definition Functional Groups Biological Molecules. What is organic? Biological Molecules Biology 105 Lecture 3 Reading: Chapter 2 (pages 29 39) Outline Organic Compounds - definition Functional Groups Biological Molecules Carbohydrates Lipids Amino Acids and Proteins Nucleotides

More information

BIO 12 UNIT 2a CELL COMPOUNDS AND BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES

BIO 12 UNIT 2a CELL COMPOUNDS AND BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES IO 12 UNIT 2a LL OMPOUNS N IOLOGIL MOLULS 1. Water has many characteristics beneficial to life. ecause of (a) bonding between water molecules, it is a liquid at temperatures suitable for life. Water is

More information

Chapter 3: Macromolecules. 1. Carbohydrates. Polysaccharides. Maltose is a disaccharide. Macromolecules (in general) Most macromolecules are polymers

Chapter 3: Macromolecules. 1. Carbohydrates. Polysaccharides. Maltose is a disaccharide. Macromolecules (in general) Most macromolecules are polymers Chapter 3: Macromolecules Macromolecules is just a fancy word for: Giant Molecules Made From Smaller Building Blocks Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids Macromolecules (in general) Most macromolecules

More information

Good Afternoon! 11/30/18

Good Afternoon! 11/30/18 Good Afternoon! 11/30/18 1. The term polar refers to a molecule that. A. Is cold B. Has two of the same charges C. Has two opposing charges D. Contains a hydrogen bond 2. Electrons on a water molecule

More information

Biomolecules. Biomolecules. Carbohydrates. Biol 219 Lec 3 Fall Polysaccharides. Function: Glucose storage Fig. 2.2

Biomolecules. Biomolecules. Carbohydrates. Biol 219 Lec 3 Fall Polysaccharides. Function: Glucose storage Fig. 2.2 Biomolecules Biomolecules Monomers Polymers Carbohydrates monosaccharides polysaccharides fatty acids triglycerides Proteins amino acids polypeptides Nucleic Acids nucleotides DNA, RNA Carbohydrates Carbohydrates

More information

Biological Molecules Ch 2: Chemistry Comes to Life

Biological Molecules Ch 2: Chemistry Comes to Life Outline Biological Molecules Ch 2: Chemistry Comes to Life Biol 105 Lecture 3 Reading Chapter 2 (pages 31 39) Biological Molecules Carbohydrates Lipids Amino acids and Proteins Nucleotides and Nucleic

More information

B i o c h e m i s t r y N o t e s

B i o c h e m i s t r y N o t e s 14 P a g e Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorus Sulfur ~Major ~Found in all ~Found in most ~Found in all component of all organic organic molecules. molecules. ~Major structural atom in all organic

More information

Chapter Three (Biochemistry)

Chapter Three (Biochemistry) Chapter Three (Biochemistry) 1 SECTION ONE: CARBON COMPOUNDS CARBON BONDING All compounds can be classified in two broad categories: organic compounds and inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are made

More information

Essential Components of Food

Essential Components of Food Essential Components of Food The elements of life living things are mostly (98%) made of 6 elements: C carbon H hydrogen O oxygen P phosphorus N nitrogen S sulphur -each element makes a specific number

More information

The building blocks of life.

The building blocks of life. The building blocks of life. The 4 Major Organic Biomolecules The large molecules (biomolecules OR polymers) are formed when smaller building blocks (monomers) bond covalently. via anabolism Small molecules

More information

Activity: Biologically Important Molecules

Activity: Biologically Important Molecules Activity: Biologically Important Molecules AP Biology Introduction We have already seen in our study of biochemistry that the molecules that comprise living things are carbon-based, and that they are thought

More information

Biology. Organic Chemistry, Hydrocarbons. Slide 1 / 140 Slide 2 / 140. Slide 4 / 140. Slide 3 / 140. Slide 5 / 140. Slide 6 / 140

Biology. Organic Chemistry, Hydrocarbons. Slide 1 / 140 Slide 2 / 140. Slide 4 / 140. Slide 3 / 140. Slide 5 / 140. Slide 6 / 140 Slide 1 / 140 Slide 2 / 140 iology Large iological Molecules 2015-08-28 www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 140 Slide 4 / 140 Vocabulary Large iological Molecules Unit Topics amino acid monosaccharide secondary structure

More information

Biology. Chapter 3. Molecules of Life. Concepts and Applications 9e Starr Evers Starr

Biology. Chapter 3. Molecules of Life. Concepts and Applications 9e Starr Evers Starr Biology Concepts and Applications 9e Starr Evers Starr Chapter 3 Molecules of Life 2015 3.1 What Are the Molecules of Life? The molecules of life contain a high proportion of carbon atoms: Complex carbohydrates

More information

INORGANIC COMPOUNDS. Ex: Water. Compounds that may be essential to life, but are not necessarily found in living things.

INORGANIC COMPOUNDS. Ex: Water. Compounds that may be essential to life, but are not necessarily found in living things. INORGANIC COMPOUNDS Compounds that may be essential to life, but are not necessarily found in living things. Ex: Water Other example: CO2 - ¾ of earth - 90% of living tissue WATER Water is a POLAR compound.

More information

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules Chapter 5 The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley

More information

The Structure and Function of Biomolecules

The Structure and Function of Biomolecules The Structure and Function of Biomolecules The student is expected to: 9A compare the structures and functions of different types of biomolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic

More information

2-3 Carbon Compounds 10/22/2013. The Chemistry of Carbon. More Carbon. Chemistry (cont) More Macromolecules. Macromolecules

2-3 Carbon Compounds 10/22/2013. The Chemistry of Carbon. More Carbon. Chemistry (cont) More Macromolecules. Macromolecules The Chemistry of Carbon 2-3 Carbon Compounds Because of carbons 4 valence electrons it can form covalent bonds with many other elements (octet rule) 2 Chemistry (cont) Plus, it can bond with itself More

More information

Molecules of Life. Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

Molecules of Life. Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Molecules of Life Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Molecules of Life All living things are composed of the following basic elements: Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorous Sulfur Remember

More information

3. Hydrogen bonds form between which atoms? Between an electropositive hydrogen and an electronegative N, O or F.

3. Hydrogen bonds form between which atoms? Between an electropositive hydrogen and an electronegative N, O or F. Chemistry of Life Answers 1. Differentiate between an ionic and covalent bond. Provide an example for each. Ionic: occurs between metals and non-metals, e.g., NaCl Covalent: occurs between two non-metals;

More information

BIOMOLECULES. (AKA MACROMOLECULES) Name: Block:

BIOMOLECULES. (AKA MACROMOLECULES) Name: Block: BIOMOLECULES (AKA MACROMOLECULES) Name: Block: BIOMOLECULES POGIL All living things share the same chemical building blocks and depend on chemical processes for survival. Life without carbon (C) would

More information

Agenda. Chapter 3: Macromolecules. 1. Carbohydrates. Macromolecules (in general) What are organic compounds?

Agenda. Chapter 3: Macromolecules. 1. Carbohydrates. Macromolecules (in general) What are organic compounds? Agenda Chapter 3 The molecules of life Macromolecules --Detour into Healthy Pig Land 4. Nucelic acids Chapter 3: Macromolecules Macromolecules is just a fancy word for: Giant Molecules Made From Smaller

More information

2.2 Cell Construction

2.2 Cell Construction 2.2 Cell Construction Elemental composition of typical bacterial cell C 50%, O 20%, N 14%, H 8%, P 3%, S 1%, and others (K +, Na +, Ca 2+, Mg 2+, Cl -, vitamin) Molecular building blocks Lipids Carbohydrates

More information

Chemistry of Carbon. All living things rely on one particular type of molecule: carbon

Chemistry of Carbon. All living things rely on one particular type of molecule: carbon Ach Chemistry of Carbon All living things rely on one particular type of molecule: carbon Carbon atom with an outer shell of four electrons can form covalent bonds with four atoms. In organic molecules,

More information

CHAPTER 2- BIOCHEMISTRY I. WATER (VERY IMPORTANT TO LIVING ORGANISMS) A. POLAR COMPOUND- 10/4/ H O KENNEDY BIOLOGY 1AB

CHAPTER 2- BIOCHEMISTRY I. WATER (VERY IMPORTANT TO LIVING ORGANISMS) A. POLAR COMPOUND- 10/4/ H O KENNEDY BIOLOGY 1AB CHAPTER 2- BIOCHEMISTRY KENNEDY BIOLOGY 1AB I. WATER (VERY IMPORTANT TO LIVING ORGANISMS) WATER S UNIQUE PROPERTIES MAKE IT ESSENTIAL FOR ALL LIFE FUNCTIONS IT IS POLAR, AND HAS BOTH ADHESIVE AND COHESIVE

More information

Bio 12 Chapter 2 Test Review

Bio 12 Chapter 2 Test Review Bio 12 Chapter 2 Test Review 1.Know the difference between ionic and covalent bonds In order to complete outer shells in electrons bonds can be Ionic; one atom donates or receives electrons Covalent; atoms

More information

Chiral molecules. Carbon: The framework of biological molecules- Primary functional chemical groups. Chemical vs. structural formulas

Chiral molecules. Carbon: The framework of biological molecules- Primary functional chemical groups. Chemical vs. structural formulas The chemical building blocks of life Carbon: The framework of biological molecules- Biological molecules consist primarily of Carbon atoms bound to carbon atoms Carbon bound to other molecules Molecules

More information