Lipids do not like water! (aka: hydrophobic) Generally insoluble

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1 Lipids

2 Lipids Lipids do not like water! (aka: hydrophobic) Generally insoluble

3 Lipids They act like this because of their molecular structure (non-polar) Lipids are made mostly of C and H atoms, with O

4 Three main categories of lipids: Lipids 1.Phospholipids 2.Triglycerides (Fats) 3.Steroids

5 Uses: Uses of Lipids Long term energy storage (2x as much as carbs!) Components of biological membranes Waterproof coverings (waxes) Insulation (prevent heat loss) Cushion and Insulate body and nerves

6 1. Phospholipids Function: Found in the membrane of cells. Forms a boundary between the interior of the cell and the cells exterior environment Called a phospholipid bi-layer

7 Polar Head Non-Polar Tail Label this in your notes!

8 A phospholipid is usually. 1. partially hydrophilic and partially hydrophobic 2. hydrophobic 3. hydrophilic 4. neither hydrophilic nor hydrophobic partially hydrophilic and... 0% 0% 0% 0% hydrophobic hydrophilic neither hydrophilic nor... Answer Now 15

9 Lets Zoom in! This is a phospholipid

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11 2. Triglycerides Saturated fat (BAD FAT) NO C-C double bond SOLID at room temperature Example: bacon grease, butter

12 Saturated fat (BAD FAT) - These fats raise total blood cholesterol level, HDL and LDL, and have been shown to increase the risk of coronary heart disease. (we will come back to HDL and LDL)

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14 Unsaturated fat: (GOOD FAT- small amounts) C-C double bonds LIQUID at room temperature Example: corn oil, cod liver oil, peanut oil

15 Stearic acid Saturated fat Oleic acid Unsaturated fat. cis double bond causes bending

16 MonoUnsaturated (oils): A double bond ( kink ) forms (loss of 2 hydrogens) Liquids at room temperature

17 Examples-olive oil, canola oil, peanut oil. These are the GOOD fats they lower total blood cholesterol by raising HDL (good) cholesterol and lowering LDL (bad) cholesterol levels.

18 PolyUnsaturated (oils): More than one double bond ( kink ) forms (loss of more than 2 hydrogens). Liquids at room temperature

19 Examples corn oil, soybean oil, Omega-3 and 6 fish oils. These are also the GOOD fats they lower total blood cholesterol by lowering both HDL (good) and LDL (bad) cholesterol

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21 An unsaturated lipid contains. 1. more oxygen than hydrogen 2. ionic bonds 3. double bonds 4. only one fatty acid 0% 0% 0% 0% more oxygen than hyd... ionic bonds double bonds only one fatty acid Answer Now 15

22 Trans fats: (aka hydrogenated vegetable oils) - Trans fats are unsaturated fats that have been converted to saturated fats (not healthy).. WHY DO THIS? Hydrogens are added synthetically to plant oils to create trans-fatty saturated acids. Solids at room temperature Examples-margarine and Crisco

23 These oils are factory-made by adding hydrogens to liquid vegetable oil, creating a solid shortening or margarine. Evidence has been accumulating for over 10 years that these trans-fats have adverse effects on health They are thought to lower HDL (good) cholesterol and raise LDL (bad) cholesterol levels and can be even worse than saturated animal fat in the development of coronary heart disease.

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27 Which of these is a saturated fat? 1. olive oil 2. hydrogenated fat 3. butter 4. margarine 0% 0% 0% 0% olive oil hydrogenated fat butter margarine Answer Now 15

28 3. Steroids Function: Chemical messengers - (Example: Sex hormones =estrogen/ testosterone) 4 fused Rings

29

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31 Function Make up part of the cell membrane = helps keep the cell membrane fluid (able to move) CHOLESTEROL!!

32 Problem with too much Cholesterol Can cause atherosclerosis (clogging of the arteries) and heart disease.

33 cme.medscape.com

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35 Video- What is Fat?

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37 Which of the following consist of three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol 1. proteins 2. carbohydrates 3. lipids 4. nucleic acids molecule? proteins 0% 0% 0% 0% carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids Answer Now 15

38 The three subclasses of lipids include phospholipids, steroids 1. fatty acids 2. glycerols 3. triglycerides 4. oils and. 0% 0% 0% 0% fatty acids glycerols triglycerides oils Answer Now 15

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