A. CONFORMATIONAL ISOMERS
|
|
- Jack Riley
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 EMISTRY 104 elp Sheet #3 Organic (Part II): ISOMERS hapters 2.9 (structural isomers), 6.5 (geometric isomers), 6.11 (constitutional isomers), 7.2f (optical isomers) Do the topics appropriate for your lecture Prepared by Dr. Tony Jacob (Resource page) Nuggets: Isomers (The instructor will clarify which isomers are covered.) ISOMERS Molecules with the same formula but different connectivities or different arrangements in space; (molecules that have different formulas, e.g., 6 12 and 6 14, are not isomers) I. STRUTURAL ISOMERS (also called onstitutional Isomers): same formula, different bonding/connectivities; e.g., 2 different structural isomers of 4 10 : butane = and 2-methylpropane = II. STEREOISOMERS: same formula, same bonding/connectivities but different spatial arrangements (positions) of the atoms A. ONORMATIONAL ISOMERS: isomers differ because of a rotation through a σ-bond; e.g., versus versions of butane shown as a Newman Projection (as done in lab) and dash-wedge: Newman Projections can also be drawn: Dash-Wedge Diagrams B. GEOMETRI ISOMERS ALKENES: cis versus trans configuration Does the molecule have geometric isomers? riteria: 1. Does it contain a = (or a double bond between other atoms) 2. On each of the =, there must be 2 different groups (one of these groups maybe a pair e - ). Both criteria must be true for a molecule to have cis/trans isomers. The molecule below does not have cis/trans isomers no cis or trans {Above molecule does have a double bond and meets the first criteria. The left atom of the = bond does have 2 different groups (it has a 3 and a 2 3 group) but the right atom of the = has two atoms (same group; needs different groups on each of the =).}
2 GEOMETRI ISOMERS (continued): cis versus trans configuration If molecule has geometric isomers, is it cis or trans? Molecule below has a double bond (satisfies the first criteria) and each of the = has two different groups (each has a and a 3 group; satisfies the second criteria) 1. Draw a line through = bond 2. ind the 2 groups that are the same on the 2 of the = and circle them; if they re on the same side of the line cis isomer; different sides trans isomer trans cis GEOMETRI ISOMERS YLI STRUTURES (as discussed in lab) Does the molecule have geometric isomers? riteria: 1. Is the molecule a ring in which atoms can move to cis or trans positions compared to the plane of the ring? cis trans. ENANTIOMER ISOMERS Enantiomers are chiral (pronounced ki-ral) molecules (i.e., they have a chiral center). riteria: To be a chiral center, the atom, usually must have 4 different groups attached to it. (Note: there are exceptions to this usually not covered in hem 104.) If a single atom has 4 different groups attached, the molecule will be chiral have a non-superimposable mirror image the two mirror images are called enantiomer pairs (pronounced ee-nan-tee-oh-mer) The enantiomers (mirror image molecules) will be optically active (interacts with plane-polarized light) have the same physical properties (boiling point, D, etc.) rotate plane-polarized light in different directions (clockwise and counterclockwise), and may differ in their chemical reactivity You must check every atom in the molecule; if any atom has 4 different groups the molecule is chiral. mirror * hiral (denoted with an asterisk, *) has: (not shown), 3, 2 3, and ( 3 ) 2 attached (4 different groups) enantiomers - mirror images not a chiral molecule chiral molecule
3 Summary hemicals (same chemical formula?) No Not Isomers Yes Isomers When comparing two molecules, do they have the same bonding/connectivity? 4 10 = butane 4 10 = 2-methylpropane No Structural Isomers (also called constitutional isomers) Yes Stereoisomers onformational Isomers (e.g., and conformations) Newman Projections Stereoisomers Geometric Isomers (contains a double bond or a ring; cis/trans) cis trans Enantiomers (nearly always contains a with 4 different groups attached; nonsuperimposible mirror images) 3 O O cis trans Dash-Wedge Diagrams A methodology to draw all isomers of a given molecular formula is on the last two pages of this elp Sheet. 1. Draw and name all 3 structural isomers for Use line notation. (Naming the isomers helps to prevent drawing duplicate structures.) 2. Draw and name all 8 structural isomers for Use line notation. (Naming the isomers helps to prevent drawing duplicate structures.) 3. Draw and name all 5 structural isomers for 3 6. Use line notation. (Naming the isomers helps to prevent drawing duplicate structures.) 4. Draw and name all 6 structural and geometric alkene isomers (cis/trans) with the formula 5 10 ; do not include cycloalkanes. (Naming the isomers helps to prevent drawing duplicate structures.)
4 5. Which molecule is chiral? Select answer e if none are chiral. a. O b. c. O d. e. none are chiral 6. Identify which of the following molecules have optical isomers; there may be more than one molecule. O O a. I b c d e Which molecule is a structural isomer of trans-2-butene? a. b. c. d. e. 8. Draw and name all 8 alcohol isomers that can be derived from 5 11 O. (Naming the isomers helps to prevent drawing duplicate structures.) ANSWERS 1. pentane; 2-methylbutane; 2,2-dimethylpropane 2. 1-chloropentane; 2-chloropentane; 3-chloropentane ; 1-chloro-2-methylbutane; 1-chloro-3-methylbutane; 2-chloro-2-methylbutane; 2-chloro-3-methylbutane; 1-chloro-2,2-dimethylpropane 3. 1-bromo-1-chloropropane; 1-bromo-2-chloropropane; 1-bromo-3-chloropropane; 2-bromo-1-chloropropane; 2-bromo-2-chloropropane
5 4. 1-pentene; cis-2-pentene; trans-2-pentene; 2-methyl-1-butene; 3-methyl-1-butene; 2-methyl-2-butene * 5. c {need to find a atom with 4 different groups attached to it; the chiral is denoted with an * 6. a, d, and e have optical isomers O 7. b {trans-2-butene has this structure: and a formula: 4 8 ; a has a formula = 4 10 isomers must have the same formula; b has the same formula and a different structure; c is the cis version of trans-2-butene so it is a geometric isomer not a structural isomer; d has a formula = 5 10 isomers must have the same formula; e has a formula = 5 8 isomers must have the same formula} 8. O O 1-pentanol 2-pentanol O 3-pentanol O O 2-methyl-1-butanol O 3-methyl-1-butanol O 2-methyl-2-butanol 3-methyl-2-butanol O 2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol
6 Ex: Draw all structural isomers with the formula ow to systematically draw structural isomers 1. Determine whether the molecule is an alkane, alkene, etc. Since occupies one site on a atom, it is similar to a atom. ence, the formula, 5 11 is analogous to 5 12 which corresponds to a n 2n+2 formula alkane so 5 11 is also an alkane. 2. Start with the longest chain; in this example, a 5- chain: 3. Place the atom at the far left end of the chain: and name the molecule: 1-chloropentane. 4. Take the for a walk down the chain naming each new molecule: 2-chloropentane 3-chloropentane named incorrectly: 4-chloropentane appears to be a new isomer duplicate; correctly named: 2-chloropentane named incorrectly: 5-chloropentane appears to be a new isomer duplicate; correctly named: 1-chloropentane 5. Once you have identified all 5- chain molecules reduce the chain to a 4- chain. 6. There are now 2 groups to work with: a and a 3 group. The 3 group cannot be placed on either end of the chain otherwise the chain becomes a 5- chain again which is already done. The should be placed on the far left end of the chain. name the molecule: 1-chloro-2-methylbutane 7. Take the for a walk down the 4- chain naming each new molecule: 2-chloro-2-methylbutane 2-chloro-3-methylbutane 1-chloro-3-methylbutane 8. Move the 3 group to the next position on the chain; this position is still in position 2 (reading right to left) so all the next molecules will be duplicates. ence, all 4- chain isomers have been identified and now reduce the chain to a 3- chain. 9. Note: There are now 3 groups to work on: a and two 3 groups. The 3 groups cannot be placed on either end of the chain otherwise the chain becomes a 4- chain again which is already done so they must go on the middle ; the is placed on the far left end of the chain. name the molecule: 1-chloro-2,2-dimethylpropane 10. Take the for a walk down the 3- chain naming each new molecule: 2-chloro-2,2-dimethylpropane Note: this molecule is NOT allowed since the middle atom has 5 bonds! named incorrectly: 3-chloro-2,2-dimethylpropane appears to be a new isomer duplicate; correctly named: 1-chloro-2,2-dimethylpropane 11. inally check to see if the 2 3 groups can be combined into a 2- ethyl group and start the at the far left end of the chain: 5- chains: 4- chains: 3- chains: named incorrectly: 1-chloro-2-ethylpropane appears to be a new isomer duplicate; correctly named: 1-chloro-2-methylbutane 1-chloropentane 2-chloropentane 3-chloropentane 1-chloro-2-methylbutane 2-chloro-2-methylbutane 2-chloro-3-methylbutane 1-chloro-3-methylbutane 1-chloro-2,2-dimethylpropane
7 ow to systematically draw structural AND geometric isomers Ex: Draw all structural and geometric isomers with the formula 4 7 ; don t include cyclic compounds. 1. Determine whether the molecule is an alkane, alkene, etc. Since occupies one site on a atom, it is similar to a atom. ence, the formula, 4 7 is analogous to 4 8 which corresponds to a n 2n formula alkene so 4 7 is also an alkene. 2. Start with the longest chain; in this example, a 4- chain: 3. Place the atom and the double bond at the far left end of the chain: and name the molecule: 1-chloro-1-butene. 4. heck for cis/trans isomers; this molecule has cis/trans isomers; draw the other isomer by flipping one pair of atoms on one of the = double; rename as trans-1-chloro-1-butene 5. name the molecule: cis-1-chloro-1-butene 6. Take the for a walk down the chain naming each new molecule and checking for cis/trans isomers: 2-chloro-1-butene (no cis/trans isomers) 3-chloro-1-butene (no cis/trans isomers) 4-chloro-1-butene (no cis/trans isomers) 7. ing the back to the far left side of the chain and move the double bond. Take the for a walk down the chain naming each new molecule and checking for cis/trans isomers: 1-chloro-2-butene; has cis/trans: rename as trans-1-chloro-2-butene cis-1-chloro-2-butene 2-chloro-2-butene; has cis/trans: rename as trans-2-chloro-2-butene cis-2-chloro-2-butene named incorrectly: 3-chloro-2-butene appears to be a new isomer duplicate; correctly named: trans-2-chloro-2-butene named incorrectly: 4-chloro-2-butene appears to be a new isomer duplicate; correctly named: trans-1-chloro-2-butene 8. Once you have identified all 4- chain molecules reduce the chain to a 3- chain. 9. There are 3 groups to work with:, 3 group, and a double bond. The 3 group cannot be placed on either end of the chain otherwise it becomes a 4- chain and must be placed on position 2; the is placed on the far left end of the chain; the double bond is placed in position 1. name the molecule: 1-chloro-2-methyl-1-propene (no cis/trans isomers) 10. Take the for a walk down the 3- chain naming each new molecule: 2-chloro-2-methyl-1-propene Note: this molecule is NOT allowed since the middle atom has 5 bonds! 3-chloro-2-methyl-1-propene (no cis/trans isomers) 11. Move the double bond to the next position and bring the back to the far left position: named incorrectly: 1-chloro-2-methyl-2-propene appears to be a new isomer duplicate; correctly named: 3-chloro-2-methyl-1- propene 12. The next two positions will yield duplicate isomers. The 3 cannot be moved from the second position without increasing the chain length, and a 2- chain is not possible. Done! 4- chains: trans-1-chloro-1-butene cis-1-chloro-1-butene 2-chloro-1-butene 3-chloro-1-butene 4-chloro-1-butene trans-1-chloro-2-butene cis-1-chloro-2-butene trans-2-chloro-2-butene cis-2-chloro-2-butene 3- chains: 1-chloro-2-methyl-1-propene 3-chloro-2-methyl-1-propene
CHEM 109A Organic Chemistry
CEM 09A Organic Chemistry https://labs.chem.ucsb.edu/zakarian/armen/courses.html Chapter Isomers The arrangement of atoms in space MIDTERM Wednesday Feb. Chapter Sections.8.6 melting, boiling points, conformations
More informationPractice Problems for Video CH 5-1:
CEM 243 Organic Chemistry C-5: Stereochemistry - Chiral Molecules Study Guide: Key Concepts and Practice Problems Key concepts you need to understand: Chirality and chiral centers; stereoisomers; (R,S)
More informationCHAPTER 5 HW: STEREOISOMERS
CAPTER 5 W: STEREISMERS CIRALITY AND ENANTIMERS 1. Define the following terms: a. Chiral A chiral substance has the possibility of having right and left handed versions (or it can have an enantiomer).
More informationCHM 220 Stereochemistry
CM 220 Stereochemistry Stereocenters 1. ow many stereocenters are there in 2,2,4-tribromo-3-methyl-1-pentanol? (A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5 2. ow many stereocenters are there in 2,3-dibromo-4-methylpentane?
More informationANSWERS: Isomers. 2) A and F
NSWERS: Isomers 1) For cis and trans isomers to occur a carbon-carbon double bond must be present as this prevents any rotation about this bond, and the atoms or groups of atoms attached to the two carbon
More informationCHAPTER 5 HW: STEREOISOMERS
CAPTER 5 W: STEREISMERS CIRALITY AND ENANTIMERS 1. Define the following terms: a. Chiral b. Enantiomers (and give an example) 2. Put an asterisk (*) on all chiral centers in these compounds. Some may have
More informationTeacher s Tools Chemistry Organic Chemistry: Nomenclature and Isomerism
1. Hydrocarbons: a) Naming of hydrocarbons is done based on the number of carbons. 1 = meth 6 = hex 2 = eth 7 = hept 3 = prop 8 = oct 4 = but 9 = non 5 = pent 10 = dec b) Alkanes are hydrocarbons without
More informationOregon State University
H 223 Worksheet 9 Notes Oregon State University 1. Draw a primary alcohol and name it. OH 1-propanol Note: A primary alcohol has the form RH 2 OH; a secondary alcohol has the form R 2 H OH; and a tertiary
More informationCHAPTER 26 STEREOISOMERISM SOLUTIONS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS
C26 09/17/2013 10:52:31 Page 379 CHAPTER 26 STEREOISOMERISM SOLUTIONS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. A chiral carbon atom is one to which four different atoms or groups are attached and is a center of asymmetry
More informationChirality. Chapter 5 Stereochemistry. Chiral Carbons. Stereoisomers. Mirror Planes of Symmetry. (R), (S) Nomenclature
Organic hemistry, 5 th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. hapter 5 Stereochemistry hirality andedness : right glove doesn t fit the left hand. Mirror-image object is different from the original object. Jo Blackburn
More informationStereochemistry 1.1 INTRODUCTION
1 Stereochemistry 1.1 INTRODUTION The isomers which have same arrangement of atoms but differ only due to different orientation of atoms in space within the molecule are called Stereoisomers and the phenomenon
More informationUNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS
hemistry 52 hapter 20 UNSATURATED YDROARBONS The unsaturated hydrocarbons consist of three families of homologous compounds that contain multiple bonds between carbon atoms. Alkenes contain carbon carbon
More informationStereochemistry. Dr. Sapna Gupta
Stereochemistry Dr. Sapna Gupta Introduction Stereo left and right handedness Any carbon that has four different groups will show chirality. hirality: the mirror image of the compound will not superimpose
More informationLevel 3 Chemistry, 2007
Level 3 hemistry, 2007 Annotated answers to this organic paper. Q1 QUESTIN NE Give the proper name that gives the structure a unique name (a) Give the systematic IUPA names for the following molecules
More informationAs a result, IV and V are chiral molecules and are enantiomers.
5.1 lassify each of the following objects as to whether it is chiral or achiral: (a) A screwdriver achiral (d) A tennis shoe chiral (g) A car chiral (b) A baseball bat achiral (e) An ear chiral (h) A hammer
More informationAlkenes and Alkynes: Structure and Nomenclature
hapter 3 3 : Structure and Nomenclature APTER SUMMARY 3.1 Introduction to Alkenes are hydrocarbons in which there is at least one carbon-carbon double bond; alkynes have at least one carbon-carbon triple
More informationOrganic. Carbon Chemistry
Today Organic Carbon Chemistry Organic You know more than you think already What you will need Lewis dot, VSEPR VB, hybrid orbitals, MO electronegativity intermolecular forces Two hurdles we will deal
More information1. Draw a standard line bond structure for compounds of the following molecular formulas:
TF ame: LS1a Fall 06 Problem Set #1 Due Friday 9/29 at noon in your TF s drop box on the 2 nd floor of Science Center all questions including extra ones should be turned in 1. Draw a standard line bond
More informationStereochemistry: 3-D Chemistry. 3-D Chemistry. Enantiomers
Stereochemistry: 3-D Chemistry 3-D Chemistry Enantiomers If a molecule and its mirror image are not superimposable these molecules are isomers; in particular, these mirror image isomers are called enantiomers
More information1. Butane. 2. trans-2-methylcyclohexanol. 3. 1,2-dimethylcyclohexene. Chem 131 Spring 2018 Exam I Practice
Chem 131 Spring 2018 Exam I Practice Thursday s examination will contain 31 questions valued at 3.5 points/question, with some bonus possibilities available Name KEY Name the following compounds. 1. Butane
More informationChemistry 261 Homework 3: Chapters 5, 6 Out: 11/20/17 Due: 11/30/17 Point Value: 9 points (7 EC points possible when combined with part I)
Chemistry 261 omework 3: Chapters 5, 6 ut: 11/20/17 Due: 11/30/17 Point Value: 9 points (7 EC points possible when combined with part I) The following homework assignment contains 28 questions valued at
More informationCarbohydrates. Chapter 18
Carbohydrates Chapter 18 Biochemistry an overview Biochemistry is the study of chemical substances in living organisms and the chemical interactions of these substances with each other. Biochemical substances
More informationCH 3 H C 2 H 5. C Cl C H. H 3 C Cl H H 5 C 2. H Cl. Cl H. C Cl H. H Cl. Problem Set 7: Stereochemistry-2
Problem Set 7: Stereochemistry-2 hemistry 260 Organic hemistry 1. ow many constitutional isomers of 7 16 have stereogenic centres? (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4 (5) none 2. Indicate which of the following compounds
More informationChem 105X Friday, Dec. 2, Chapter 10, Kotz Organic Chemistry
our Exam 4 (Chap 9, 10, 11) will be given in this room Friday, Dec. 9. A practice exam is posted on the course website. Review for the exam will occur Wednesday, Dec. 7 in class. Chem 105X Friday, Dec.
More information6.1 Cis Trans Isomers
6.1 CIS TRANS ISMERS 179 two dimensions on the pages of a book. The use of models is an invaluable aid in understanding the material presented in this chapter. You are strongly encouraged to build models
More informationProblem Set 2 Out: November 5, 1999 Due Back: November 12, 1999 Chemistry 221, 1999
Problem Set ut: November 5, 1999 Due Back: November 1, 1999 hemistry 1, 1999 Answers to the following problems should be written, in order and labeled, on 8 1/ x 11 inch paper. Answers written on the problem
More information3.7A: Compounds with multiple stereocenters
Ashley Robison My Preferences Site Tools FAQ Sign Out If you like us, please share us on social media. The latest UCD Hyperlibrary newsletter is now complete, check it out. ChemWiki BioWiki GeoWiki StatWiki
More informationFuels. 1. Combustion is an example of an exothermic reaction which will give out energy, endothermic reactions are the opposite
Fuels 1. ombustion is an example of an exothermic reaction which will give out energy, endothermic reactions are the opposite overed ( ) ow well can you do this? 2. The energy given out by a fuel can be
More informationCHEM 203 HOMEWORK 4 Chemistry of Alkenes - II. Answer the above questions by writing a detailed mechanism for the conversion of A into lanosterol.
EM 203 MEWK 4 hemistry of Alkenes - II 1. The following questions may have occurred to you: (i) do carbocations occur in living systems? (ii) an an olefin (a Lewis base) react with a carbocation (a Lewis
More informationTEST-7/11 th, 12 th & 12 th Passed /Set-P
III-A/172, Nehru Nagar Ghaziabad. Ph : 9811212090, 9868502091. email : bmcchemistry@gmail.com, website : www.bmcchemistry.com Type : JEE MAIN 2015-16 TEST-7/11 th, 12 th & 12 th Passed /Set-P Topic : rganic
More informationAlkane C-C single bond (propane) Alkene C=C double bond (propene) Alcohol - OH group (1-propanol) major. minor
Functional group* and name? Alkane - single bond (propane) *alkanes not really regarded as a functional group Alkene = double bond (propene) Addition of an unsymmetrical reagent to unsymmetrical alkene
More informationS4 Chemistry National 5
S4 hemistry National 5 Nature s hemistry Unit ourse Notes- ydrocarbons and onsumer Products Name lass 1 ydrocarbons ydrocarbons can be categorised into family groups known as OMOLOGOUS SERIES. A homologous
More informationPlease read and sign the Honor Code statement below:
CHEM 3311 Exam #1 Name Dr. Minger June 6, 2016 Please read and sign the Honor Code statement below: I pledge that on my honor, as a University of Colorado at Boulder student, I have neither given nor received
More informationStereochemistry - Chirality. Chapter 5 Organic Chemistry, 8th Edition John E. McMurry
Stereochemistry - Chirality Chapter 5 Organic Chemistry, 8th Edition John E. McMurry Isomerism The two major classes of isomers are constitutional isomers and stereoisomers. Constitutional/structural isomers
More informationCHE 102 Exam 3 CH 3 CHCOOH. CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 O d. e. f. CH3 COO g. h. i. O O CH 3 CCH 2 CCH 3
CE 102 Exam 3 1. (1 pt each) Classify the following molecules as aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, or esters: a. b. c. C C 3 CC C 2 C 2 CC 3 C 3 C 2 C 2 d. e. f. CCC 3 C 3 C 3 CC 2 C 2 C C3 C g. h.
More informationOrganic Chemistry. Carey/Giuliano 10th edition. Chapter 10
Organic Chemistry Carey/Giuliano 10th edition Chapter 10 Copyright 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
More informationChem 1120 Final 210 points Dr. Luther Giddings
Chem 1120 Final 210 points Dr. Luther Giddings Name Phone or E-Mail Instructions: This is a closed book, closed notebook test. You may not discuss this exam with anyone, either during or after the exam,
More informationChapter 5 Stereochemistry
Organic Chemistry, Fifth Edition Janice Gorzynski Smith Modified by Dr. Juliet Hahn Chapter 5 Stereochemistry 1 Stereoisomers of 2,3-dibromobutane Figure 5.9 Pair of enantiomers: A and B Pairs of diastereomers:
More informationDEPARTMENT OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY SCHOOL OF PHARMACY
KEY DEPARTMET F MEDIIAL EMISTRY SL F PARMAY BASI PARMAEUTIAL SIEE FR TE PRATIIG PARMAIST MED 527, Fall 2008 Quiz #4, Dr. Desai, 100 points; ovember 4, 2008 AME (In APITAL Letters LY) I affirm that I have
More informationChemistry I (Organic) Stereochemistry LECTURE 2 Stereogenic elements & enantiomers
1 Chemistry I (Organic) Stereochemistry LECTURE 2 Stereogenic elements & enantiomers Alan C. Spivey a.c.spivey@imperial.ac.uk Oct 2011 2 Format & scope of lecture Isomers & stereoisomers some definitions
More informationAlkanes. 1. Predict the molecular formula of an alkane with 13 carbon atoms The table below lists the boiling points of some alkanes.
Alkanes 1. Predict the molecular formula of an alkane with 13 carbon atoms.... [Total 1 mark]. The table below lists the boiling points of some alkanes. alkane number of carbon atoms molecular formula
More informationAlkenes. Isomerism in the alkenes
Alkenes Alkenes are a family of hydrocarbons (compounds containing carbon and hydrogen only) containing a carbon-carbon double bond. The first two are: ethene 2 4 propene 3 6 You can work out the formula
More informationChapter 12 Alkenes & Alkynes. Organic and BioChem
hapter 12 Alkenes & Alkynes Organic and Biohem Section 12.1 Introduction Unsaturated ydrocarbons ontain one or more carbon-carbon double or triple bonds 3 6? 2 2? Three lasses of Unsaturated ydrocarbons
More informationStereochemistry: biological significance of isomerism
S Stereochemistry: biological significance of isomerism Craig Wheelock October 17 th, 2008 craig.wheelock@ki.se http://www.metabolomics.se/ (copies of slides can be downloaded from my homepage) Learning
More informationUnsaturated Hydrocarbons
Interchapter G Unsaturated ydrocarbons FPO aption TK. G. unsaturated ydrocarbons G1 In this Interchapter, we shall continue our introduction to organic chemistry by discussing unsaturated hydrocarbons.
More informationChapter 3 Structure and Stereochemistry of Alkanes. Classification Review. Alkenes: Structure and Stereochem Slide 3-2
hapter 3 Structure and Stereochemistry of Alkanes lassification Review Alkenes: Structure and Stereochem Slide 3-2 1 Alkane Structural Formulas All - single bonds Saturated with hydrogens (no pi bonds)
More informationCHEM 261 Feb. 16, stereogenic center H C C C
77 EM 261 Feb. 16, 2017 eview of hiral enters 3 quinine - anti-malarial drug from the bark of the tree inchona officinalis malaria is cause by Plasmodium species transmitted by Anopheles mosquito example.
More informationOrg/Biochem Final Lec Form, Spring 2012 Page 1 of 6
Page 1 of 6 Missing Complete Protein and Question #45 Key Terms: Fill in the blank in the following 25 statements with one of the key terms in the table. Each key term may only be used once. Print legibly.
More informationChapter 9 Lecture Notes: Carboxylic Acids, Amines, and Amides
Educational Goals Chapter 9 Lecture Notes: Carboxylic Acids, Amines, and Amides 1. Given the structure of a carboxylic acid, carboxylate ion, ester, amide, or amine molecule, be able to give the systematic
More informationOrganic Chemistry. Chapter 23. Hill, Petrucci, McCreary & Perry 4 th. Ed. Alkane to Substituent Group methane CH 4 methyl CH 3
hapter 23 rganic hemistry ill, Petrucci, Mcreary & Perry 4 th Ed. Alkane to Substituent Group methane 4 methyl 3 ethane 3 3 ethyl 3 2 propane 3 2 3 propyl 3 2 2 isopropyl ( 3 ) 2 or 3 3 butyl 3 2 2 2 butane
More informationChapter 9 Educational Goals
Chapter 9 Educational Goals 1. Given the structure of a carboxylic acid, carboxylate ion, ester, amide, or amine molecule, be able to give the systematic names and vice versa. 2. Know and understand the
More informationChapter 13: Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers
Chapter 13: Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS, AND ETHERS Hydroxy group the OH functional group An alcohol has an OH group attached to an aliphatic carbon. General formula: R-OH A phenol
More informationChapter 4 - Carbon Compounds
Chapter 4 - Carbon Compounds Carbon compounds organic compounds are tied up with living organisms. So much so, that as we have seen, the presence of methane might be considered an indicator of life. Methane
More informationOrganic/Biochem Test #2 Takehome Name: Spring 2012 Page 1 of 6. Multiple choice: Circle the best answer for each of the following questions.
Spring 2012 Page 1 of 6 Multiple choice: Circle the best answer for each of the following questions. 1. The general formula for a carboxylic acid is: a) RCHO b) RCOR c) R-OH d) R-COOH 2. In which of the
More information4/7/2011. Chapter 13 Organic Chemistry. Structural Formulas. 3. Petroleum Products
Chapter 13 Organic Chemistry 13-1. Carbon Bonds 13-2. Alkanes 13-3. Petroleum Products 13-5. Isomers 13-6. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons 13-7. Benzene 13-9. 13-10. Polymers 13-11. Carbohydrates 13-12. Photosynthesis
More informationChapter 24. The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry. Lecture Presentation. James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT
Lecture Presentation Chapter 24 The of Life: James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT Organic and Biochemistry Chapter focus: the molecules that bridge chemistry & biology Most common elements:
More informationCHEM J-6 June 2014
CEM1611 2014-J-6 June 2014 rlistat (shown below) is a drug for obesity management which acts by inhibiting the absorption of dietary fats. Indicate all stereogenic centres on the structure below. 6 rlistat
More informationCarbohydrate Structure and Nomenclature. Essentials of Glycobiology 1 April 2004
1 Carbohydrate Structure and Nomenclature Essentials of Glycobiology 1 April 2004 Nathaniel Finney Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry UCSD nfinney@chem.ucsd.edu 2 Lecture utline 1. Carbohydrates - definition
More information1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 C 7 C 8 C
I. Carbon atoms form an enormous variety of structures A. Carbon has 4 valence electrons in the outer shell and therefore may form up to 4 covalent bonds B. Carbon tends to bond to C, H, O, N, S, and P
More informationTopic 6 : Structures and Reactions of Hydrocarbons Revised April Alkanes (General formula : C x H 2x+2 )
6/1 Topic 6 : Structures and Reactions of ydrocarbons Revised April 1995 ydrocarbons all contain arbon and ydrogen only. There are various families of hydrocarbons (subsets of the set of hydrocarbons)
More informationChapter 05 Structure and Preparation of Alkenes: Elimination Reactions part 01
hapter 05 Structure and Preparation of Alkenes: Elimination Reactions part 01 EM 341: Spring 2012 Prof. Greg ook 2012 Gregory R ook Alkenes ompounds that contain double bonds. Ethylene (Ethene) 2 2012
More informationPRACTICE PROBLEMS CHEMISTRY
PRATIE PRBLEMS EMISTRY G ame: Batch: Date: 1. Which nitrogen in LSD is most basic: 1 2 3 3 ( 2 5 ) 2 (A) 1 2 () 3 All are equally basic 2. Which of the following statement for 2 = 2, 2 = 3 2 is / are correct.
More informationAnomeric carbon Erythritol is achiral because of a mirror plane in the molecule and therefore, the product is optically inactive.
APTER 22 Practice Exercises 22.1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 D-Ribulose L-Ribulose D-Xyulose L-Xyulose (one pair of enantiomers) (a second pair of enantiomers) 22.3 2 Anomeric carbon Glycosidic bond 3 () Methyl -D-mannopyranoside
More information13. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
1. ORGANIC EMISTRY III) ALKENES SYNOPSIS Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons. These contain a C =C. They contain two hydrogens less than corresponding alkanes. Double bonded carbon undergoes hybridisation.
More information10/29/ Stability of Alkenes. Stability of Alkenes. Stability of Alkenes
7.5 Stability of cis and trans isomers Interconversion does not occur spontaneously Cis isomers are less stable than trans isomers because of the steric strain between the two larger substituents on the
More informationFundamentals of Organic Chemistry. CHAPTER 6: Carbohydrates
Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry CHEM 109 For Students of Health Colleges Credit hrs.: (2+1) King Saud University College of Science, Chemistry Department CHEM 109 CHAPTER 6: Carbohydrates Carbohydrates
More informationVast majority of over 20 million known compounds are based on C: Generally contain C and H + other elements Great variety of compounds
1 Vast majority of over 20 million known compounds are based on C: Generally contain C and + other elements Great variety of compounds 2 3 Isomers have identical composition but different structures Two
More informationChemistry 2030 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Fall Semester 2012 Dr. Rainer Glaser
Chemistry 2030 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Fall Semester 2012 Dr. Rainer Glaser Examination #5: The Final Lipids, Carbohydrates, Nucleobases & DNA. Monday, December 10, 2012, 3 5 pm. Name: Question
More informationFinal Exam, Page 1 of 15. Your full signature
Final Exam, Page 1 of 15 Your full signature Print your full name Your SID If you are making up an I grade Indicate the semester you took the course Name of the instructor for that course: This exam has
More informationCarbon s unique bonding pattern arises from the hybridization of the electrons.
Unit 8 Neptune, the 8 th planet of our solar system Organic Chemistry Organic: compound containing carbon, excluding oxides and carbonates Carbon is an allotrope, meaning it has different bonding patterns.
More informationFunctional Group. Chapter 7 Structure and Synthesis of Alkenes. Bond Lengths and Angles. Orbital Description. Pi Bond. Elements of Unsaturation
Organic hemistry, 5 th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. hapter 7 Structure and Synthesis of Alkenes Jo Blackburn Richland ollege, Dallas, TX Dallas ounty ommunity ollege District 2003, Prentice all Functional Group
More informationProperties of Alcohols and Phenols Experiment #3
Properties of Alcohols and Phenols Experiment #3 Objectives: To observe the solubility of alcohols relative to their chemical structure, to perform chemical tests to distinguish primary, secondary and
More information3/14/2011. Worked Example Stability of Alkenes. 7.4 Alkene Stereochemistry and the E,Z Designation
7.4 Alkene Stereochemistry and the E,Z Designation E,Z system Sequence rules used to assign priorities to the substituent groups on the double-bond carbons (alkenes) E double bond For German entgegen meaning
More informationCarbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life. Chapter 4
Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life Chapter 4 CARBON Carbon is has ability to form large and complex, molecules Aspirin molecular formula? A triglyceride Organic chemistry is study of carbon compounds
More informationModel 2: Aldohexoses, aldopentoses, ketohexoses and ketopentoses
Model 1: D and L Sugars CHEM1405 Worksheet 13: Sugars and Amino Acids The simplest sugar is glyceraldehyde. This is a chiral molecule and the two enantiomers are shown opposite with wedges and dashes and
More informationCharles S. McEnally* and Lisa D. Pfefferle. Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Combustion Studies, Yale University, New Haven
Supporting Information for Sooting tendencies of oxygenated hydrocarbons in laboratory-scale flames Charles S. McEnally* and Lisa D. Pfefferle Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Combustion
More informationPart I => CARBS and LIPIDS. 1.2 Monosaccharides 1.2a Stereochemistry 1.2b Derivatives
Part I => CARBS and LIPIDS 1.2 Monosaccharides 1.2a Stereochemistry 1.2b Derivatives Section 1.2a: Stereochemistry Synopsis 1.2a monosaccharide (greek) sugar - Monosaccharides are carbonyl polyols (or
More informationLecture 3: 8/24. CHAPTER 3 Amino Acids
Lecture 3: 8/24 CHAPTER 3 Amino Acids 1 Chapter 3 Outline 2 Amino Acid Are Biomolecules and their Atoms Can Be Visualized by Two Different Ways 1) Fischer projections: Two dimensional representation of
More informationSheet #10 Dr. Mamoun Ahram Sec 1,2,3 15/07/2014. Carbohydrates 2
Carbohydrates 2 A study Guide: Kindly,refer to the slide number,look at the structures and read the sheet notes well,most of the slides content besides all what the doctor said are mentioned here,good
More informationPractice Problems 3. a. What is the name of the bond formed between two amino acids? Are these bonds free to rotate?
Life Sciences 1a Practice Problems 3 1. Draw the oligopeptide for Ala-Phe-Gly-Thr-Asp. You do not need to indicate the stereochemistry of the sidechains. Denote with arrows the bonds formed between the
More informationCHAPTER 27 CARBOHYDRATES SOLUTIONS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS
27 09/17/2013 11:12:35 Page 397 APTER 27 ARBYDRATES SLUTINS T REVIEW QUESTINS 1. In general, the carbohydrate carbon oxidation state determines the carbon s metabolic energy content. The more oxidized
More informationCH [2] (ii) Give the structural formula of another hydrocarbon which is isomeric with the above.
1 The alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons. They form a homologous series, the members of which have the same chemical properties. They undergo addition reactions and are easily oxidised. (a) The following
More informationwhere R doesn t have to equal R or R
hem 263 Nov 24, 2016 arboxylic Acids and Derivatives arboxylic acids are very important compounds in nature and serve as building blocks for preparing related derivatives such as esters and amides. The
More informationCarbohydrates 1. Steven E. Massey, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Bioinformatics Department of Biology University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras
Carbohydrates 1 Steven E. Massey, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Bioinformatics Department of Biology University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras Office & Lab: NCN#343B Tel: 787-764-0000 ext. 7798 E-mail: stevenemassey@gmail.com
More informationChem 60 Takehome Test 2 Student Section
Multiple choice: 1 point each. Mark only one answer for each question. 1. are composed primarily of carbon and hydrogen, but may also include oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and a few other elements.
More informationCarbohydrates CHAPTER SUMMARY
14 2 cellulose 2 2 arbohydrates 2 amylose APTER SUMMARY 14.1 hemical Nature of arbohydrates - Polyhydroxy Aldehydes and Ketones arbohydrates are a class of organic biopolymers which consist of polyhydroxy
More informationChemistry 2050 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Fall Semester 2011 Dr. Rainer Glaser
Chemistry2050 IntroductiontoOrganicChemistry FallSemester2011 Dr.RainerGlaser Examination #5: The Final Lipids, Carbohydrates, Nucleobases & DNA. Monday, December 12, 2011, 10 am 12 pm. Name: Answer Key
More informationReview. Knowledge/Understanding. FeBr 3 + I 2 + HI. polymerization biochemistry. monosaccharide starch. (a) CH 3 CH 2 CHCH CH 3 CH 2 CHCOH
Review Reflecting on Chapter 2 Summarize this chapter in the format of your choice. ere are a few ideas to use as guidelines: Describe the different types of organic reactions, and give an example of each
More informationNaming Organic Halide Organic Halide: is a compound that contains one or more halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, I) as part of its molecular structure.
Naming Organic Halide Organic Halide: is a compound that contains one or more halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, I) as part of its molecular structure. Organic halides have many important uses including: fire retardation,
More informationDr. Nafith Abu Tarboush. Tarek Khrisat
1 Dr. Nafith Abu Tarboush June 18 th 2013 Tarek Khrisat 1 Lecture Outline: Aldoses and Ketoses Optical isomers -Fischer projection -Enantiomers, Diastereomers, and Epimers Isomers: Compounds with the same
More informationC. Correct! A compound that consists only of hydrogen and carbon is termed a hydrocarbon.
Organic Chemistry - Problem Drill 06: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes No. 1 of 10 1. What is a hydrocarbon? (A) A compound that consists of only carbon. (B) A compound that consists of nonmetals. (C) A compound
More information9/6/2011. Amino Acids. C α. Nonpolar, aliphatic R groups
Amino Acids Side chains (R groups) vary in: size shape charge hydrogen-bonding capacity hydrophobic character chemical reactivity C α Nonpolar, aliphatic R groups Glycine (Gly, G) Alanine (Ala, A) Valine
More informationChemistry 1050 Exam 3 Study Guide
Chapter 12 Chemistry 1050 Exam 3 Study Guide 12.1 a) Identify alkenes, alkynes and aromatics as unsaturated hydrocarbons. Determine the number of hydrogen atoms needed to complete an alkene structure.
More informationChapter 7- Alkenes: Structure and Reactivity. Ashley Piekarski, Ph.D. Alkene
Chapter 7- Alkenes: Structure and Reactivity Ashley Piekarski, Ph.D. Alkene What is an alkene func
More informationcyclobutane Benzene Ring phenyl
ow many carbons and hydrogens in the following? More rganic Today eview hydrocarbons Functional Groups Condensation eaction Biopolymers A. 6 C, 14 B. 6 C, 15 C. 6 C, 16 3 1 2 D. 7 C, 15 3 1 1 3 E. 7 C,
More informationStereoisomerism There are two types of stereoisomerism, E-Z Isomerism and Optical Isomerism.
Stereoisomerism There are two types of stereoisomerism, E-Z Isomerism and Optical Isomerism. E Z Isomerism This type tells us about the positions of substituent's either side of the carbon carbon double
More informationSupplement of Evaluation of NO + reagent ion chemistry for online measurements of atmospheric volatile organic compounds
Supplement of Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2909 2925, 2016 http://www.atmos-meas-tech.net/9/2909/2016/ doi:10.5194/amt-9-2909-2016-supplement Author(s) 2016. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Supplement of Evaluation
More informationOrganic_Chemistry_Presentation_v_1.0.notebook. June 02, Organic Chemistry. Organic Chemistry. Organic Chemistry
Organic_hemistry_Presentation_v_1.0.notebook Organic hemistry Organic hemistry arbon and the Molecular iversity of Life arbon is the backbone of biological molecule Organic chemistry is the chemistry of
More informationبسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم
بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم Biochemistry Lec #1 Dr. Nafith AbuTarboush- (30.6.2014) Amino Acids 1 Campbell and Farrell s Biochemistry, Chapter 3 (pp.66-76) Introduction: Biochemistry is two courses; one is
More information(65 pts.) 27. (10 pts.) 28. (15 pts.) 29. (10 pts.) TOTAL (100 points) Moorpark College Chemistry 11 Spring Instructor: Professor Gopal
Moorpark College Chemistry 11 Spring 2012 Instructor: Professor Gopal Examination # 5: Section Five May 1, 2012 Name: (print) GOOD LUCK! Directions: Make sure your examination contains TWELVE total pages
More information