Erythrocyte Fatty Acid

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Kristian Glenn
6 years ago
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Dr ******* **** ** ********** **** **** ******** Reference: :******** Receive date:02/11/2011 Print date:24/09/2013 Les données administratives enregistrées dans notre fichier informatisé sont celles

1 Dr ******* **** ** ********** **** **** ******** Reference: :******** Receive date:02/11/2011 Print date:24/09/2013 Les données administratives enregistrées dans notre fichier informatisé sont celles qui nous ont été communiquées par le médecin prescripteur. Elles peuvent être rectifiées, le cas échéant, selon la loi sur la protection de la vie privée. Les données médicales sont traitées sous la responsabilité des biologistes et restent confidentielles. 1/5

2 COMPLET * : Ideal Health Values Analysis Results Ref.Val. Units Saturated fatty acids Myr Myristic Acid * % PaL Palmitic Acid * % AS Stearic Acid * % Pent Pentadecylique Acid * % Mono-unsaturated fatty acids PoL Palmitoleic Acid * % Vac Cis-Vaccenique Acid * % AO Oleic Acid * % Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids LNA Alphalinolenic Acid * % EPA Eicosapentaenoic Acid * % DHA Docosahexaenoic Acid * % O3T Totals Omega * % Analysis Results Ref.Val. Units Omega 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids LN Linoleic Acid * % GLA Gammalinolenic Acid * % DGLA Dihomogammalinolenic Acid * % AA Arachidonic Acid * % O6T Totals Omega * % Trans fatty acids T-Vac Trans-Vaccenique Acid * % El Elaïdique Acid * % Index IO3 Index Omega * % Ratios O6/O3 Omega 6 / Omega * AA/EP AA / EPA * LN/DG LN / DGLA * AGS AGMIS AGT Omega 6 Omega 3 Index Ratios % Myr PaL AS Pent PoL Vac AO T-Vac El LN GLA DGLA AA LNA EPA DHA Iω3 ω6/ω3 AA / EPA LN / DGLA /5

3 The fatty acids evaluated in your patient are those associated with the phospholipids from the erythrocyte membranes. The concentration of fatty acids bound to erythrocyte membrane phospholipids is the reflection of their hepatic metabolism, food intake, how they are digested and absorbed, and is not significantly influenced by the meal of the night before. After carrying out biological analyses, we are in a position to consider that your patient s status of fatty acids, bound to phospholipids from the erythrocyte membranes, is disturbed. v Saturated fatty acids : Myristic acid Physiology : The myristic acid is a saturated fatty acid with 14 atoms of carbon. It is produced from carbohydrate by our liver and is obtained by consuming animal fats. It is particularly abundant in the fatty material from dairy products (cream, butter, etc.). It can be converted into palmitic acid in the liver. The myristic acid plays an important role in the functioning of hormone receptors and the transportation of proteins in the cell to the mitochondrias. Physiopathology : Excessive myristic acid may be harmful to health. It often takes the form of an excessive dose of saturated animal fats, particularly those of bovine origin. It may indicate the presence of a metabolic syndrome. Excessive myristic acid activates the production of free radicals by neutrophilic polymorphonuclears (Myristic Acid, A Side Chain of Phorbol Myristate Acetate (PMA), Can Activate Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes to Produce Oxygen Radicals More Potently than PMA.Tada M, Ichiishi E, Saito R, Emoto N, Niwano Y, Kohno M.J Clin Biochem Nutr Nov;45(3): ) Nutrition : The recommendation is to moderate the intake of these fats which are high in myristic acid (butter, creme fraiche, cheeses, bacon, lard, coconut) Micronutrition : none v Trans fatty acids : Trans-vaccenic acid Physiology : Trans-vaccenic acid is a Trans type fatty acid. It comes from the bacterial transformation of unsaturated fatty acids in the rumen of ruminants. The Trans fatty acids known as natural can then be found in dairy products (butter, cream, cheeses, milk) and meats (beef, mutton, etc). Physiopathology : Although the harmful effects of the Trans fatty acids on health are widely recognised, recent studies indicate that they do not all have the same harmful effects on the body. Certain studies seem to show a beneficial effect from natural trans-vaccenic fatty acid. A protective activity of trans-vaccenic acid against breast cancer has been demonstrated in an animal model (Influence of diet enriched with conjugated linoleic acids on their distribution in tissues of rats with DMBA induced tumors. Bialek A et col. Lipids Health Dis Nov 2;9:126.). The protection is probably associated with the transformation of trans-vaccenic acid 3/5

4 into rumenic acid. However, in the absence of more definitive proof, it is reasonable to avoid presenting abnormal levels of trans-vaccenic acid. Nutrition : Your patient should be advised to significantly reduce foods rich in trans-vaccenic acid. The natural source of trans-vaccenic acid consists of dairy products, fats and meat from ruminants: beef and mutton fat (to approx. 4,5%), dairy products from cows and goats (approx. 3,3%), meat from beef and mutton (approx. 2%). Micronutrition : none v Omega-6/Omega-3 Ratio : Physiology : The omega-6/omega-3 ratio represents the ratio between all the omega-6 fatty acids and all the omega-3 fatty acids. It gives an indication about the patient s dietary balance with regard to these two important families of poly-unsaturated fatty acids. The Omega-6/Omega-3 ratio is within normal limits: The patient must be encouraged in his/her dietary habits, particularly with regard to the consumption of vegetable oil and oily fish, in particular herring, salmon, sardines, eel, halibut (at least 3 x 200g per week). v Arachidonic Acid/Eicosapentaenoic Acid Ratio : Physiology : The Arachidonic Acid/Eicosapentaenoic Acid ratio (AA/EPA) provides an indication about the pro-normo or anti-inflammatory status of the patient since it measures the ratio between the arachidonic acid which is the precursor of the pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and eicosapentaenoic acid which the precursor of the anti-inflammatory eicosanoids (Dietary n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: from biochemistry to clinical implications in cardiovascular prevention. Russo GL.Biochem Pharmacol Mar 15;77(6): The importance of the omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio in cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases. Simopoulos AP. Exp Biol Med Jun;233(6): ) The Arachidonic Acid/Eicosapentaenoic Acid ratio is significantly increased: This may be harmful for health as the patient is in a pro-inflammatory state. This means that if an inflammatory process is triggered in the body, the inflammatory reaction will be abnormally exaggerated as there will be an excess of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids. In order to understand the causes of this imbalance and to correct it in a personalised way, the patient s fatty acid profile must be examined. This will allow a determination to be made about whether or not there is excessive arachidonic acid, a deficit of eicosapentaenoic acid, or both. The dietary corrections and any dietary supplements will therefore be adapted to suit the patient s personal situation. v Linoleic acid/dihomogammalinolenic acid ratio : Physiology : The Linoleic acid/dihomogammalinolenic acid (LN/DGLA) ratio provides some information about the activity of delta-6-desaturase, a hepatic enzyme which ensures the transformation of the precursors of the two families of polyunsaturated fatty acids, alpha-linolenic acid for omega-3 fatty acids and linoleic acid for omega-6 fatty acid. Delta-6 desaturase is the enzymatic stage limiting this metabolic route for fatty acids. 4/5

5 Physiopathology : The Linoleic acid/dihomogammalinolenic acid ratio is significantly increased: This situation, which indicates a deficiency in the activity of the delta-6-desaturase, may be harmful for the patient s health. In fact, it is not capable of effectively converting the precursors of the omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids, linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid respectively. Deficiencies in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids may be a consequence of this situation. Delta-6-desaturase is not active in the newborn infant until the age of approximately 6 months. It loses its efficacy at around the age of 65 to 75. It does not function well when the patient is suffering, among other things, from hyper insulinism, diabetes, psycho-emotional stress, liver disease and/or hypothyroidism, when he or she consumes too much trans fatty acid and lacks magnesium, zinc, vitamin B3 or B6. The indication is to seek out the cause or causes of the malfunction of the delta-6-desaturase and correct it/them. If this situation is accompanied by a deficiency in omega-3 or -6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, which can be observed using the patient s fatty acid profile, any deficiencies must be corrected. v Omega-3 Index : Physiology : The Omega-3 index represents the percentage of EPA and DHA out of all the fatty acids from the membrane phospholipids of red globules. It constitutes one of the most reliable indicators of risk of sudden death from cardiovascular disease. The omega 3 index is the reflection of a person s eating habits. It is a predicting tool. The higher it is the more the diet contains of a significant quantity of oily fish and/or omega 3 EPA and DHA fatty acids. The patient s omega-3 index is optimum. The patient must be encouraged in his or her eating habits particularly with regard to the consumption of oily fish and oil rich in alpha-linolenic acid. 5/5

INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE BLOOD - EDTA Result Range Units

D Collected : 00-00-0000 INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE BLOOD - EDTA Result Range Units RED CELL FATTY ACID PROFILE Red Cell Fatty Acid Summary Saturated Fats, Total 36.99 19.30-39.40 Monounsaturated Fats, Total