Energy Production In A Cell (Chapter 25 Metabolism)

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Energy Production In A Cell (Chapter 25 Metabolism)"

Transcription

1 Energy Production In A Cell (Chapter 25 Metabolism) Large food molecules contain a lot of potential energy in the form of chemical bonds but it requires a lot of work to liberate the energy. Cells need a quick easy way to get energy for anabolism: this is done with ATP. ATP is an unstable molecule, the bonds of which are easy to break making it a useful source of energy for cells. ATP ADP + P + free energy from food Food energy + ADP + P ATP Catabolic reactions generate energy to make ATP, and the ATP energy is used to drive anabolic reactions, such as metabolic turnover (replacement of cell parts), growth and cell division, and special functions (such as secretion, absorption, contraction, or signaling). Metabolism = the sum of all chemical reactions in the body; catabolism + anabolism All energy production begins in the cytosol of the cell. Large molecules are catabolized into smaller molecules, but very little energy is produced: Proteins amino acids Triglycerides fatty acids and glycerol Carbohydrates short carbon chains These smaller molecules are then absorbed and processed in reactions inside the mitochondria. 40% of the energy is captured to produce ATP from ADP and the remaining 60% escapes as heat (used to maintain body temperature). Oxidation-Reduction Reactions (Redox Rxns) Oxidation = the removal of electrons (or addition of oxygen) Reduction = the addition of electrons These reactions are always coupled: one molecule must be oxidized while another is reduced. A-e + B A + B-e (A is oxidized while B is reduced) The reduced molecule gains energy while the oxidized molecule loses energy. Cells more commonly perform dehydrogenation reactions where a hydrogen (1 proton + 1 electron) is exchanged instead of a free electron, but this is still a redox reaction. Catabolism of large molecules results in reduced carrier compounds, which are then oxidized to generate ATP. Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. 1 SCCC BIO130 Chapter 25 Cellular Respiration Handout

2 ATP Production Generation of ATP involves the addition of a phosphate to ADP and can be accomplished one of two ways: 1. Substrate Level Phosphorylation: a high-energy phosphate is transferred directly from a substrate to ADP thus forming ATP. 2. Oxidative Phosphorylation: electrons are transferred from an organic compound to a cofactor carrier molecule (e.g. NAD + ). The electrons are passed through other carriers (the electron transport chain) to a final acceptor (oxygen) and the passing of the electrons releases energy that is harvested to add a phosphate to ADP in a process called chemiosmosis. Carbohydrate Catabolism Carbohydrates are the primary source of cellular energy for most organisms. Glucose is the most commonly used carbohydrate and will always be used first. Fatty acids will be used second when glucose is in short supply, and then more rarely amino acids can be utilized. Glucose can be catabolized for ATP production in two ways: 1. Cellular respiration: requires oxygen to serve as the final electron acceptor in a series of redox reactions that generate ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. This is the most efficient method of ATP production (1 glucose generates 36 ATP) and involves reaction performed inside the mitochondria. 2. Fermentation: requires an organic molecule to serve as the final electron acceptor and can be done in the absence of oxygen. ATP is synthesized using substrate level phosphorylation, which is less efficient (1 glucose generates 2 ATP). In humans this results in the production of lactic acid. Fermentation reactions are carried out in the cytoplasm. Aerobic Respiration Of Glucose Three stages of aerobic respiration: C 6 H 12 O O 2 6 CO H 2 O (energy from 1 glucose 36 ATP) 1. Glycolysis: oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid with some ATP and NADH produced. 2. Citric Acid Cycle: oxidation and decarboxylation of acetyl to carbon dioxide with some ATP, NADH and FADH 2 produced. 3. Electron Transport Chain: NADH and FADH 2 are oxidized providing electrons for redox reactions that ultimately reduce oxygen to generate ATP. The majority of the ATP is produced at this step. *(NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) are coenzymes that function to transport electrons in the form of hydrogen: NAD + carries 2 electrons but only one proton, FAD carries 2 complete hydrogen atoms) Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. 2 SCCC BIO130 Chapter 25 Cellular Respiration Handout

3 Glycolysis a.k.a the Embden-Myerhof Pathway Glycolysis is an anaerobic process (does not involve oxygen) that occurs in the cytoplasm. It consists of a 10-step metabolic pathway that catabolizes and oxidizes 1 glucose molecule into 2 pyruvic acid molecules and generates 2 molecules of ATP by substrate level phosphorylation. Many cells can survive on glycolysis alone (called fermentation) but it is not very efficient, and fermentation generates lactic acid as a waste product, which will need to be removed and processed to prevent a drastic alteration in ph and loss of homeostasis. Two stages: 1. Preparatory Stage: two ATP molecules are used to phosphorylate one 6-carbon glucose and catabolize it into two 3-carbon molecules. 2. Energy Conservation Stage: The two 3-carbon molecules are oxidized to generate two 3- carbon pyruvic acid molecules. At the same time two NAD + molecules are reduced to two NADH molecules, and four ATP molecules are produced by substrate level phosphorylation. Summary of glycolysis: 1 Glucose + 2 NAD ADP + 2 P 2 Pyruvic acid + 2 NADH + 2 H ATP Decarboxylation (Preparation for the Citric Acid Cycle) This is the first step in the aerobic process of glucose metabolism. This and all subsequent steps (Citric Acid Cycle and Electron Transport) will occur only when oxygen is available and will take place inside the mitochondria. The 3-carbon pyruvic acid is decarboxylated into carbon dioxide and a 2-carbon acetyl. The acetyl is oxidized and attached to Coenzyme A (which serves only as a carrier) as one NAD + is reduced to NADH (this will happen twice: 1 glucose generates 2 pyruvic acid molecules). Decarboxylation reactions occur in the matrix of the mitochondria. Summary of decarboxylation: 2 Pyruvic acid + 2 NAD CoA 2 Acetyl CoA + 2 CO NADH Citric Acid Cycle a.k.a. The Kreb s Cycle or The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle This part of the aerobic metabolism of glucose involves 8 enzymatic reactions occurring in the mitochondrial matrix that function to reduce the coenzymes NAD + and FAD. The 2-carbon acetyl is attached to a 4-carbon oxaloacetic acid creating a 6-carbon citric acid. Oxidation and decarboxylation reactions occur which catabolize the 6-carbon citric acid back into a 4-carbon oxaloacetic acid and two carbon dioxide molecules. At the same time three NAD + and one FAD are reduced into three NADH and one FADH 2 respectively, and one ATP is produced by substrate level phosphorylation. (Remember: 1 glucose 2 pyruvic acid 2 acetyl so this cycle will run twice.) Summary of the Citric Acid Cycle: 2 Acetyl Co A + 6 NAD FAD + 2 ADP + 2 P + 4 H 2 O 2 CoA + 4 CO NADH + 4 H FADH ATP Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. 3 SCCC BIO130 Chapter 25 Cellular Respiration Handout

4 Electron Transport Chain This is the truly aerobic part of the aerobic metabolism of glucose as this is where the oxygen is utilized. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs on a membrane, the mitochondrial cristae, to generate most of the ATP produced from glucose. Coenzymes from the previous reactions pass electrons to a series of electron carrier molecules, which carry out redox reactions resulting in the chemiosmotic generation of ATP. There are three classes of carrier molecules: 1. FMN (flavin mononucleotide): protein + flavin coenzyme 2. CoEnzyme Q : nonprotein 3. Cytochromes: protein + an iron group (most common) Events of the electron transport chain: 1. NAD + and FAD collected energy in the form of hydrogens (source of electrons) from organic molecules during Glycolysis, Decarboxylation, and the Citric Acid Cycle becoming the reduced forms NADH and FADH 2 2. NADH and FADH 2 are oxidized and pass hydrogens (1 electron and 1 proton each) to the electron transport chain consisting of cytochromes, flavoproteins, and coenzyme Q. As electrons are passed along the chain, protons are pushed out through the membrane. This sets up a concentration gradient with protons (positive charge) on the outside and electrons (negative charge) on the inside. 3. At the end of the chain the electrons are accepted by oxygen creating an anion (O - ) inside, which has a strong affinity for the cations (H + ) outside. 4. Chemiosmosis generates ATP: H + from the outside moves toward O - on the inside through special membrane channels that are coupled to ATP synthase, and the high-energy diffusion of H + drives the reaction ADP + P ATP. The energy from 1 NADH from glycolysis can generate 2 ATP, the energy from 1 NADH from decarboxylation and the Citric Acid Cycle can generate 3 ATP, and that from 1 FADH 2 can generate 2 ATP for a total of 32 ATP. 5. H + combines with O - inside the mitochondria creating water (H 2 O). Summary of Electron Transport: 2 NADH from Glycolysis + 2 NADH from Decarboxylation + 6 NADH from Citric Acid Cycle + 2 FADH 2 from Citric Acid Cycle + 6 O ADP + 32 P 12 H 2 O + 32 ATP + 10 NAD FAD Final Summary For Aerobic Respiration: C 6 H 12 O O ADP + 36 P 6 CO H 2 O + 36 ATP (In most Eukaryotic cells, 36 ATP are produced from 1 glucose molecule: 2 from Glycolysis and 2 from the Citric Acid Cycle by substrate level phosphorylation, and 32 from Electron Transport by oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, the Citric Acid Cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria, and Electron Transport occurs on the cristae of the mitochondria. Some energy is lost as electrons are carried from the cytoplasm across the mitochondrial membrane and thus the NADH from Glycolysis can generate only four total ATP instead of the 3 each observed for NADH created inside the mitochondria.) Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. 4 SCCC BIO130 Chapter 25 Cellular Respiration Handout

5 Cellular Respiration Review: 1. Glycolysis: - anaerobic, occurs in cytoplasm - 1 glucose oxidized into 2 pyruvic acids - 2 ATP produced by substrate level phosphorylation - 2 NADH produced by reduction of NAD via oxidation of glucose - If no O 2 available, pyruvic acid reduced to lactic acid (fermentation) - Erythrocytes (RBCs) glycolysis only (no mitochondria!) - Skeletal muscle fermentation when no O 2 - Neurons and cardiac muscle cannot ferment, need O 2 2. Decarboxylation + Krebs / Citric Acid Cycle: -occur in matrix of mitochondria -Decarboxylation: - 2 pyruvic acid decarboxylated and oxidized into 2 acetyl Co A + 2 CO 2 with 2 NADH -Citric Acid Cycle: - 2 acetyl combined with 2 oxaloacetic acids creating 2 citric acids - citric acid decarboxylated and oxidized 4 CO 2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH 2-2 ATP generated by substrate level phosphorylation 3. Electron Transport: - aerobic, occurs on cristae of mitochondria - NADH and FADH 2 reduced during glycolysis and citric acid cycle are oxidized - electrons are passed to cytochromes, finally accepted by oxygen - 32 ATP generated by chemiosmosis / oxidative phosphorylation - 12 H 2 O produced as waste from oxidation of oxygen * With oxygen, 1 glucose will produce 36 ATP in most human tissue cells. * Without oxygen, 1 glucose will produce 2 ATP in human tissue cells that are capable of fermentation (not neurons or cardiac muscle). Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. 5 SCCC BIO130 Chapter 25 Cellular Respiration Handout

6 Lipolysis (Lipid Catabolism) The process of lipid catabolism hydrolyzes triglycerides, the storage form of fat, into glycerol and three fatty acids. The glycerol is converted into pyruvic acid in the cytoplasm and catabolized through the Citric Acid Cycle in the mitochondria. The fatty acids are catabolized by Beta-oxidation in the mitochondria to be entered into the Citric Acid Cycle as two-carbon fragments. For each two-carbon fragment of fatty acid produced by Beta-oxidation, the cell can generate 17 molecules of ATP. This is 1.5 times the energy production (when compared carbon to carbon) as with glucose. Although lipolysis generates more energy, it requires more oxygen and occurs much more slowly than equal carbohydrate metabolism. Protein and Amino Acid Catabolism For proteins to be used for energy production, they must first be broken down into individual amino acids. Then for the amino acids to be used in the Citric Acid Cycle they must first have the amino group (NH 2 ) removed in a process called deamination, which requires vitamin B 6. The amino group is removed in conjunction with a hydrogen creating ammonia (NH 3 ) which is very toxic. The liver must then convert the ammonia to urea, which is relatively harmless, for excretion by the kidney. The remaining amino acid carbon chains are then used at various stages in the Citric Acid Cycle to generate ATP. The amount of ATP produced varies with the type of amino acid, depending on which step into the Citric Acid Cycle it was entered. Catabolism of amino acids is not a practical source of quick energy and is typically only used in starvation situations. Proteins are harder to break apart than carbohydrates or lipids, their catabolism generates toxic waste products, and they are the structural and functional parts of every cell, and thus tend to only be used when no other energy source is available. Instead, amino acids are usually simply recycled by hydrolysis of peptide bonds in one protein, to be reassembled by dehydration synthesis into the next. Nucleic Acid Catabolism DNA is never catabolized for energy. RNA can be broken down into simple sugars and nitrogenous bases. The sugars are metabolized in glycolysis but only the pyrimidine bases, uracil and cytosine, can be processed into the Citric Acid Cycle. The purines, adenine and guanine, are deaminated and excreted as uric acid making RNA metabolism very inefficient. Typically nucleotides are simply recycled into new nucleic acid molecules and are not used for energy production. Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. 6 SCCC BIO130 Chapter 25 Cellular Respiration Handout

3.7.1 Define cell respiration [Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP]

3.7.1 Define cell respiration [Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP] 3.7 Cell respiration ( Chapter 9 in Campbell's book) 3.7.1 Define cell respiration [Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP] Organic compounds store

More information

Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy. Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy. Cellular Pathways In General

Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy. Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy. Cellular Pathways In General Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy A. Obtaining Energy and Electrons from Glucose Lecture Series 12 Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy B. An Overview: Releasing Energy from Glucose

More information

Chemical Energy. Valencia College

Chemical Energy. Valencia College 9 Pathways that Harvest Chemical Energy Valencia College 9 Pathways that Harvest Chemical Energy Chapter objectives: How Does Glucose Oxidation Release Chemical Energy? What Are the Aerobic Pathways of

More information

Respiration. Respiration. Respiration. How Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7

Respiration. Respiration. Respiration. How Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7 How Cells Harvest Energy Chapter 7 Organisms can be classified based on how they obtain energy: autotrophs: are able to produce their own organic molecules through photosynthesis heterotrophs: live on

More information

Ch. 9 Cell Respiration. Title: Oct 15 3:24 PM (1 of 53)

Ch. 9 Cell Respiration. Title: Oct 15 3:24 PM (1 of 53) Ch. 9 Cell Respiration Title: Oct 15 3:24 PM (1 of 53) Essential question: How do cells use stored chemical energy in organic molecules and to generate ATP? Title: Oct 15 3:28 PM (2 of 53) Title: Oct 19

More information

How Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7. Respiration

How Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7. Respiration How Cells Harvest Energy Chapter 7 Respiration Organisms classified on how they obtain energy: autotrophs: produce their own organic molecules through photosynthesis heterotrophs: live on organic compounds

More information

Respiration. Respiration. How Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7

Respiration. Respiration. How Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7 How Cells Harvest Energy Chapter 7 Respiration Organisms can be classified based on how they obtain energy: autotrophs: are able to produce their own organic molecules through photosynthesis heterotrophs:

More information

Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP

Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP 2006-2007 What s the point? The point is to make ATP! ATP 2006-2007 Harvesting stored energy Energy is stored in organic molecules carbohydrates, fats,

More information

Ch 9: Cellular Respiration

Ch 9: Cellular Respiration Ch 9: Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration An overview Exergonic reactions and catabolic pathway Energy stored in bonds of food molecules is transferred to ATP Cellular respiration provides the energy

More information

III. 6. Test. Respiració cel lular

III. 6. Test. Respiració cel lular III. 6. Test. Respiració cel lular Chapter Questions 1) What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules? A) anabolic pathways B) catabolic pathways

More information

Releasing Chemical Energy

Releasing Chemical Energy Releasing Chemical Energy Ø Energy From Carbohydrates Ø Aerobic Respiration/ Stages Ø Fermentation Ø Food as a Source of Energy How Do Cells Access the Chemical Energy in Carbohydrayes? Aerobic Respiration

More information

Biology Kevin Dees. Chapter 9 Harvesting Chemical Energy: Cellular Respiration

Biology Kevin Dees. Chapter 9 Harvesting Chemical Energy: Cellular Respiration Chapter 9 Harvesting Chemical Energy: Cellular Respiration Life is Work!!! Biology Kevin Dees Catabolic pathways and ATP production Catabolic pathways release energy by breaking down large molecules into

More information

Metabolism. Chapter 5. Catabolism Drives Anabolism 8/29/11. Complete Catabolism of Glucose

Metabolism. Chapter 5. Catabolism Drives Anabolism 8/29/11. Complete Catabolism of Glucose 8/29/11 Metabolism Chapter 5 All of the reactions in the body that require energy transfer. Can be divided into: Cell Respiration and Metabolism Anabolism: requires the input of energy to synthesize large

More information

Chapter Seven (Cellular Respiration)

Chapter Seven (Cellular Respiration) Chapter Seven (Cellular Respiration) 1 SECTION ONE: GLYCOLYSIS AND FERMENTATION HARVESTING CHEMICAL ENERGY Cellular respiration is the process in which cells make adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by breaking

More information

Table of Contents. Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation. Section 2 Aerobic Respiration

Table of Contents. Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation. Section 2 Aerobic Respiration Table of Contents Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Section 2 Aerobic Respiration Objectives Identify the two major steps of cellular respiration. Describe the major events in glycolysis. Compare lactic

More information

Biol 219 Lec 7 Fall 2016

Biol 219 Lec 7 Fall 2016 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy to form ATP Cellular Respiration and Metabolism Glucose ATP Pyruvate Lactate Acetyl CoA NAD + Introducing The Players primary substrate for cellular respiration

More information

Cellular Respiration- -conversion of stored energy in glucose to usable energy for the cell -energy in cells is stored in the form of ATP

Cellular Respiration- -conversion of stored energy in glucose to usable energy for the cell -energy in cells is stored in the form of ATP Cellular Respiration Notes Chapter 7 How Cells Make ATP Energy Releasing Pathways Cellular Respiration- -conversion of stored energy in glucose to usable energy for the cell -energy in cells is stored

More information

Enzymes and Metabolism

Enzymes and Metabolism PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Vince Austin, University of Kentucky Enzymes and Metabolism Human Anatomy & Physiology, Sixth Edition Elaine N. Marieb 1 Protein Macromolecules composed of combinations

More information

Cellular Respiration. Biochemistry Part II 4/28/2014 1

Cellular Respiration. Biochemistry Part II 4/28/2014 1 Cellular Respiration Biochemistry Part II 4/28/2014 1 4/28/2014 2 The Mitochondria The mitochondria is a double membrane organelle Two membranes Outer membrane Inter membrane space Inner membrane Location

More information

2/4/17. Cellular Metabolism. Metabolism. Cellular Metabolism. Consists of all of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell.

2/4/17. Cellular Metabolism. Metabolism. Cellular Metabolism. Consists of all of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell. Metabolism Cellular Metabolism Consists of all of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell. Can be reactions that break things down. (Catabolism) Or reactions that build things up. (Anabolism)

More information

Biochemistry 7/11/ Bio-Energetics & ATP. 5.1) ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration OVERVIEW OF ENERGY AND METABOLISM

Biochemistry 7/11/ Bio-Energetics & ATP. 5.1) ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration OVERVIEW OF ENERGY AND METABOLISM Biochemistry 5. Bio-Energetics & ATP 5.1) ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration Prof. Dr. Klaus Heese OVERVIEW OF ENERGY AND METABOLISM 1. The food we eat, (carbohydrates/ glucose /sugar, lipids/fat, proteins),

More information

Chapter 9 Notes. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Chapter 9 Notes. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Chapter 9 Notes Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Objectives Distinguish between fermentation and anaerobic respiration. Name the three stages of cellular respiration and state the region of the cell

More information

Name Class Date. 1. Cellular respiration is the process by which the of "food"

Name Class Date. 1. Cellular respiration is the process by which the of food Name Class Date Cell Respiration Introduction Cellular respiration is the process by which the chemical energy of "food" molecules is released and partially captured in the form of ATP. Carbohydrates,

More information

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy CHAPTER 9

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy CHAPTER 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy CHAPTER 9 9.1 Metabolic pathways that release energy are exergonic and considered catabolic pathways. Fermentation: partial degradation of sugars that occurs

More information

Energy Transformation: Cellular Respiration Outline 1. Sources of cellular ATP 2. Turning chemical energy of covalent bonds between C-C into energy

Energy Transformation: Cellular Respiration Outline 1. Sources of cellular ATP 2. Turning chemical energy of covalent bonds between C-C into energy Energy Transformation: Cellular Respiration Outline 1. Sources of cellular ATP 2. Turning chemical energy of covalent bonds between C-C into energy for cellular work (ATP) 3. Importance of electrons and

More information

WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?

WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? CHAPTER 3 ESSENTIALS OF METABOLISM WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? It is important to have a basic understanding of metabolism because it governs the survival and growth of microorganisms The growth of microorganisms

More information

Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration 1. To perform cell work, cells require energy. a. A cell does three main kinds of work: i. Mechanical work, such as the beating of cilia, contraction of muscle cells, and movement

More information

CHAPTER 5 MICROBIAL METABOLISM

CHAPTER 5 MICROBIAL METABOLISM CHAPTER 5 MICROBIAL METABOLISM I. Catabolic and Anabolic Reactions A. Metabolism - The sum of all chemical reactions within a living cell either releasing or requiring energy. (Overhead) Fig 5.1 1. Catabolism

More information

OVERVIEW OF ENERGY AND METABOLISM

OVERVIEW OF ENERGY AND METABOLISM Biochemistry 5. Bio-Energetics & ATP 5.1) ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration OVERVIEW OF ENERGY AND METABOLISM 1. The food we eat, (carbohydrates/ glucose /sugar, lipids/fat, proteins), are our only source

More information

A cell has enough ATP to last for about three seconds.

A cell has enough ATP to last for about three seconds. Energy Transformation: Cellular Respiration Outline 1. Energy and carbon sources in living cells 2. Sources of cellular ATP 3. Turning chemical energy of covalent bonds between C-C into energy for cellular

More information

Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP

Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP 2006-2007 What s the point? The point is to make ATP! ATP 2006-2007 Harvesting stored energy Energy is stored in organic molecules carbohydrates, fats,

More information

BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH.9 - RESPIRATION.

BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH.9 - RESPIRATION. !! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: REDOX REACTIONS Redox reaction a chemical reaction that involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another Oxidation loss of electrons Reduction gain of electrons

More information

7 Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

7 Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy 7 Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy How Does Glucose Oxidation Release Chemical Energy? What Are the Aerobic Pathways of Glucose Metabolism? How Is Energy Harvested

More information

Biology Chapter-7 Cellular Respiration

Biology Chapter-7 Cellular Respiration Biology-1406 Chapter-7 Cellular Respiration Energy is stored in Chemicals Catabolism- the breaking down of complex molecules, such as glucose, to release their stored energy. Catabolism may or may not

More information

Unit 2: Metabolic Processes

Unit 2: Metabolic Processes How is energy obtained biologically? Recall: Red Ox Reactions Unit 2: Metabolic Processes Oxidation Is the chief mechanism by which chemical potential energy is released This energy comes from reduced

More information

Cellular Metabolism. Biol 105 Lecture 6 Read Chapter 3 (pages 63 69)

Cellular Metabolism. Biol 105 Lecture 6 Read Chapter 3 (pages 63 69) Cellular Metabolism Biol 105 Lecture 6 Read Chapter 3 (pages 63 69) Metabolism Consists of all of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell Metabolism Animation Breaking Down Glucose For Energy

More information

2

2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 What is the fate of Pyruvate? Stages of Cellular Respiration GLYCOLYSIS PYRUVATE OX. KREBS CYCLE ETC 2 The Krebs Cycle does your head suddenly hurt? 3 The Krebs Cycle An Overview

More information

Metabolism. Metabolism. Energy. Metabolism. Energy. Energy 5/22/2016

Metabolism. Metabolism. Energy. Metabolism. Energy. Energy 5/22/2016 5//016 Metabolism Metabolism All the biochemical reactions occurring in the body Generating, storing and expending energy ATP Supports body activities Assists in constructing new tissue Metabolism Two

More information

Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 -----> 6CO 2 + 6H 2 0 + energy (heat and ATP) 1. Energy Capacity to move or change matter Forms of energy are important to life include Chemical, radiant (heat

More information

How Cells Release Chemical Energy. Chapter 7

How Cells Release Chemical Energy. Chapter 7 How Cells Release Chemical Energy Chapter 7 7.1 Overview of Carbohydrate Breakdown Pathways All organisms (including photoautotrophs) convert chemical energy of organic compounds to chemical energy of

More information

Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration

Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration To perform their many tasks, living cells require energy from outside sources. Energy stored in food utimately comes from the sun. Photosynthesis makes the raw materials

More information

Metabolism Energy Pathways Biosynthesis. Catabolism Anabolism Enzymes

Metabolism Energy Pathways Biosynthesis. Catabolism Anabolism Enzymes Topics Microbial Metabolism Metabolism Energy Pathways Biosynthesis 2 Metabolism Catabolism Catabolism Anabolism Enzymes Breakdown of complex organic molecules in order to extract energy and dform simpler

More information

Section B: The Process of Cellular Respiration

Section B: The Process of Cellular Respiration CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION: HARVESTING CHEMICAL ENERGY Section B: The Process of Cellular Respiration 1. Respiration involves glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport: an overview 2. Glycolysis

More information

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

More information

Introduction. Living is work. To perform their many tasks, cells must bring in energy from outside sources.

Introduction. Living is work. To perform their many tasks, cells must bring in energy from outside sources. Introduction Living is work. To perform their many tasks, cells must bring in energy from outside sources. In most ecosystems, energy enters as sunlight. Light energy trapped in organic molecules is available

More information

Cellular Metabolism 6/20/2015. Metabolism. Summary of Cellular Respiration. Consists of all the chemical reactions that take place in a cell!

Cellular Metabolism 6/20/2015. Metabolism. Summary of Cellular Respiration. Consists of all the chemical reactions that take place in a cell! Cellular Metabolism Biology 105 Lecture 6 Chapter 3 (pages 56-61) Metabolism Consists of all the chemical reactions that take place in a cell! Cellular metabolism: Aerobic cellular respiration requires

More information

4. Which step shows a split of one molecule into two smaller molecules? a. 2. d. 5

4. Which step shows a split of one molecule into two smaller molecules? a. 2. d. 5 1. Which of the following statements about NAD + is false? a. NAD + is reduced to NADH during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. b. NAD + has more chemical energy than NADH. c. NAD + is reduced

More information

Reading Assignments. A. Energy and Energy Conversions. Lecture Series 9 Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy. gasoline) or elevated mass.

Reading Assignments. A. Energy and Energy Conversions. Lecture Series 9 Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy. gasoline) or elevated mass. Lecture Series 9 Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy Reading Assignments Review Chapter 3 Energy, Catalysis, & Biosynthesis Read Chapter 13 How Cells obtain Energy from Food Read Chapter 14

More information

Cellular Respiration. Cellular Respiration. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O > 6CO 2 + 6H energy. Heat + ATP. You need to know this!

Cellular Respiration. Cellular Respiration. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O > 6CO 2 + 6H energy. Heat + ATP. You need to know this! Cellular Respiration LISA Biology Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 - - - - - > 6CO 2 + 6H 2 0 + energy You need to know this! Heat + ATP 1 Did that equation look familiar? * The equation for cellular

More information

Cell Respiration Ch 7. Both autotrophs and heterotrophs use cellular respiration to make CO2 and water from

Cell Respiration Ch 7. Both autotrophs and heterotrophs use cellular respiration to make CO2 and water from Cell Respiration Ch 7 Objectives: Identify the 2 major steps of cellular respiration Describe the major events in glycolysis Compare lactic acid fermentation with alcoholic fermentation Calculate the efficiency

More information

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy Global Athlete Outreach Program US CytoThesis Systems Medicine Center www.cytothesis.us US OncoTherapy Systems BioMedicine Group CytoThesis Bioengineering Research Group

More information

Metabolism. Chapter 8 Microbial Metabolism. Metabolic balancing act. Catabolism Anabolism Enzymes. Topics. Metabolism Energy Pathways Biosynthesis

Metabolism. Chapter 8 Microbial Metabolism. Metabolic balancing act. Catabolism Anabolism Enzymes. Topics. Metabolism Energy Pathways Biosynthesis Chapter 8 Microbial Metabolism Topics Metabolism Energy Pathways Biosynthesis Catabolism Anabolism Enzymes Metabolism 1 2 Metabolic balancing act Catabolism and anabolism simple model Catabolism Enzymes

More information

How Did Energy-Releasing Pathways Evolve? (cont d.)

How Did Energy-Releasing Pathways Evolve? (cont d.) How Did Energy-Releasing Pathways Evolve? (cont d.) 7.1 How Do Cells Access the Chemical Energy in Sugars? In order to use the energy stored in sugars, cells must first transfer it to ATP The energy transfer

More information

3.7 CELLULAR RESPIRATION. How are these two images related?

3.7 CELLULAR RESPIRATION. How are these two images related? 3.7 CELLULAR RESPIRATION How are these two images related? CELLULAR RESPIRATION Cellular respiration is the process whereby the body converts the energy that we get from food (glucose) into an energy form

More information

Cellular Metabolism 9/24/2013. Metabolism. Cellular Metabolism. Consists of all the chemical reactions that take place in a cell!

Cellular Metabolism 9/24/2013. Metabolism. Cellular Metabolism. Consists of all the chemical reactions that take place in a cell! Cellular Metabolism Biology 105 Lecture 6 Chapter 3 (pages 56-61) Metabolism Consists of all the chemical reactions that take place in a cell! Cellular Metabolism Aerobic cellular respiration requires

More information

Objective: You will be able to construct an explanation for how each phase of respiration captures and stores free energy.

Objective: You will be able to construct an explanation for how each phase of respiration captures and stores free energy. Objective: You will be able to construct an explanation for how each phase of respiration captures and stores free energy. Do Now: Compare and contrast the three black equations below ADP + P + Energy

More information

Structure of the Mitochondrion. Cell Respiration. Cellular Respiration. Catabolic Pathways. Photosynthesis vs. Cell Respiration ATP 10/14/2014

Structure of the Mitochondrion. Cell Respiration. Cellular Respiration. Catabolic Pathways. Photosynthesis vs. Cell Respiration ATP 10/14/2014 Structure of the Mitochondrion Cellular Respiration Chapter 9 Pgs. 163 183 Enclosed by a double membrane Outer membrane is smooth Inner, or cristae, membrane is folded - this divides the mitochondrion

More information

Chapter 7 How Cells Release Chemical Energy

Chapter 7 How Cells Release Chemical Energy Chapter 7 How Cells Release Chemical Energy 7.1 Mighty Mitochondria More than forty disorders related to defective mitochondria are known (such as Friedreich s ataxia); many of those afflicted die young

More information

ATP. Principles of Energy Harvest. Chapter 9~ The point is to make ATP! Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy. What s the point?

ATP. Principles of Energy Harvest. Chapter 9~ The point is to make ATP! Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy. What s the point? Chapter 9~ Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy What s the point? The point is to make! 2006-2007 Principles of Energy Harvest Catabolic pathway Fermentation Cellular Respiration C6H126 + 62

More information

Enzymes what are they?

Enzymes what are they? Topic 11 (ch8) Microbial Metabolism Topics Metabolism Energy Pathways Biosynthesis 1 Catabolism Anabolism Enzymes Metabolism 2 Metabolic balancing act Catabolism Enzymes involved in breakdown of complex

More information

Cellular Metabolism. Biology 105 Lecture 6 Chapter 3 (pages 56-61)

Cellular Metabolism. Biology 105 Lecture 6 Chapter 3 (pages 56-61) Cellular Metabolism Biology 105 Lecture 6 Chapter 3 (pages 56-61) Metabolism Consists of all the chemical reactions that take place in a cell! Cellular Metabolism Aerobic cellular respiration requires

More information

Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Photosynthesis generates O 2 and organic molecules, which are used in cellular respiration

More information

Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy AP Biology Reading Guide Name: Date: Period Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Overview: Before getting involved with the details of cellular respiration and photosynthesis, take

More information

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Which of the following statements concerning anabolic reactions is FALSE? A. They are generally endergonic. B. They usually require ATP. C. They are part of metabolism. D.

More information

AEROBIC RESPIRATION. Chapter 8

AEROBIC RESPIRATION. Chapter 8 AEROBIC RESPIRATION Chapter 8 AEROBIC RESPIRATION Aerobic respiration is the next step after Glycolysis if the cell can obtain oxygen. We won t need it until the last step but we still need it. Remember

More information

10/25/2010 CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION. Life is Work. Types of cellular respiration. Catabolic pathways = oxidizing fuels

10/25/2010 CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION. Life is Work. Types of cellular respiration. Catabolic pathways = oxidizing fuels CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION Life is Work Living cells require transfusions of energy from outside sources to perform their many tasks: Chemical work Transport work Mechanical work Energy stored in the

More information

3. Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic in terms of cell respiration. Outline the general process of both.

3. Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic in terms of cell respiration. Outline the general process of both. 3.7 Cell Respiration 1. Define cell respiration. Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic molecules in cells to form ATP. 2. State the equation for the process of cell respiration.

More information

What s the point? The point is to make ATP! ATP

What s the point? The point is to make ATP! ATP 2006-2007 What s the point? The point is to make ATP! ATP Glycolysis 2 ATP Kreb s cycle 2 ATP Life takes a lot of energy to run, need to extract more energy than 4 ATP! There s got to be a better way!

More information

Glycolysis. Cellular Respiration

Glycolysis. Cellular Respiration Glucose is the preferred carbohydrate of cells. In solution, it can change from a linear chain to a ring. Energy is stored in the bonds of the carbohydrates. Breaking these bonds releases that energy.

More information

Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work Living cells require energy from outside sources

Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work Living cells require energy from outside sources Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work Living cells require energy from outside sources Some animals, such as the giant panda, obtain energy by eating plants, and some animals feed on other

More information

Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation*

Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation* Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation* *Lecture notes are to be used as a study guide only and do not represent the comprehensive information you will need to know for the exams. Life Is Work

More information

9.2 The Process of Cellular Respiration

9.2 The Process of Cellular Respiration 9.2 The Process of Cellular Respiration Oxygen Carbon 2 2 Dioxide 34 Water Glycolysis Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration. During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of

More information

Class XI Chapter 14 Respiration in Plants Biology. 1. It is a biochemical process. 1. It is a physiochemical process.

Class XI Chapter 14 Respiration in Plants Biology. 1. It is a biochemical process. 1. It is a physiochemical process. Question 1: Differentiate between (a) Respiration and Combustion (b) Glycolysis and Krebs cycle (c) Aerobic respiration and Fermentation (a) Respiration and combustion Respiration Combustion 1. It is a

More information

Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Living cells require energy from outside sources Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Photosynthesis generates O 2 and

More information

Cellular Respiration Stage 2 & 3. Glycolysis is only the start. Cellular respiration. Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle.

Cellular Respiration Stage 2 & 3. Glycolysis is only the start. Cellular respiration. Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle. Cellular Respiration Stage 2 & 3 Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle AP 2006-2007 Biology Glycolysis is only the start Glycolysis glucose pyruvate 6C 2x 3C Pyruvate has more energy to yield 3 more C to strip

More information

Chapter 5. Microbial Metabolism

Chapter 5. Microbial Metabolism Chapter 5 Microbial Metabolism Metabolism Collection of controlled biochemical reactions that take place within a microbe Ultimate function of metabolism is to reproduce the organism Metabolic Processes

More information

Harvesting energy: photosynthesis & cellular respiration

Harvesting energy: photosynthesis & cellular respiration Harvesting energy: photosynthesis & cellular respiration Learning Objectives Know the relationship between photosynthesis & cellular respiration Know the formulae of the chemical reactions for photosynthesis

More information

ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration

ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration What Is ATP? Energy used by all Cells Adenosine Triphosphate Organic molecule containing highenergy Phosphate bonds Chemical Structure of ATP Adenine Base 3 Phosphates

More information

CH 7: Cell Respiration and Fermentation Overview. Concept 7.1: Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels

CH 7: Cell Respiration and Fermentation Overview. Concept 7.1: Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels CH 7: Cell Respiration and Fermentation Overview Living cells require energy from outside sources Some animals obtain energy by eating plants, and some animals feed on other organisms Energy flows into

More information

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy You should be able to: 1. Explain how redox reactions are involved in energy exchanges. Name and describe the three stages of cellular respiration;

More information

Concept 9.1: Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels Several processes are central to cellular respiration and related pathways

Concept 9.1: Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels Several processes are central to cellular respiration and related pathways Overview: Life Is Work Living cells require energy from outside sources Some animals, such as the chimpanzee, obtain energy by eating plants, and some animals feed on other organisms that eat plants Energy

More information

Cell Respiration. Anaerobic & Aerobic Respiration

Cell Respiration. Anaerobic & Aerobic Respiration Cell Respiration Anaerobic & Aerobic Respiration Understandings/Objectives 2.8.U1: Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds to produce ATP. Define cell respiration State

More information

Question 1: Differentiate between (a) Respiration and Combustion (b) Glycolysis and Krebs cycle (c) Aerobic respiration and Fermentation (a) Respiration and combustion Respiration Combustion 1. It is a

More information

7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS URRY CAIN WASSERMAN MINORSKY REECE 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge, Simon Fraser University SECOND EDITION

More information

AP BIOLOGY Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration =

AP BIOLOGY Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration = 1 AP BIOLOGY Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration = Day 1 p. I. Overview A. Cellular Respiration 1. Respiration breathing, exchange of O 2 for CO 2 2. Cellular respiration aerobic harvesting of energy from food

More information

Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration Stage 2 & 3: Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle

Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration Stage 2 & 3: Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration Stage 2 & 3: Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle 2006-2007 Glycolysis is only the start Glycolysis glucose pyruvate 6C Pyruvate has more energy to yield 3 more C to strip off (to

More information

Principles of Anatomy and Physiology

Principles of Anatomy and Physiology Principles of Anatomy and Physiology 14 th Edition CHAPTER 25 Metabolism and Nutrition Metabolic Reactions Metabolism refers to all of the chemical reactions taking place in the body. Reactions that break

More information

What s the point? The point is to make ATP! ATP

What s the point? The point is to make ATP! ATP ATP Chapter 8 What s the point? The point is to make ATP! ATP Flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Energy is stored in organic compounds Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins Heterotrophs eat

More information

1st half of glycolysis (5 reactions) Glucose priming get glucose ready to split phosphorylate glucose rearrangement split destabilized glucose

1st half of glycolysis (5 reactions) Glucose priming get glucose ready to split phosphorylate glucose rearrangement split destabilized glucose Warm- Up Objective: Describe the role of in coupling the cell's anabolic and catabolic processes. Warm-up: What cellular processes produces the carbon dioxide that you exhale? 1st half of glycolysis (5

More information

2) The molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidationreduction

2) The molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidationreduction Campbell Biology in Focus (Urry) Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation 7.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex

More information

RESPIRATION Worksheet

RESPIRATION Worksheet A.P. Bio L.C. RESPIRATION Worksheet 1. In the conversion of glucose and oxygen to carbon dioxide and water a) which molecule becomes reduced? b) which molecule becomes oxidized? c) what happens to the

More information

Respiration 30/04/2013. Dr.M.R.Vaezi K., Hakim Sabzevari University

Respiration 30/04/2013. Dr.M.R.Vaezi K., Hakim Sabzevari University Respiration Metabolism - the sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in the body. It is comprised of: anabolism synthesis of molecules, requires input of energy catabolism break down of molecules,

More information

Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP

Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP 2009-2010 Ch.8.3 Section Objectives: Compare and contrast cellular respiration and fermentation. Explain how cells obtain energy from cellular respiration.

More information

Microbial Metabolism. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Bradley W. Christian, McLennan Community College C H A P T E R

Microbial Metabolism. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Bradley W. Christian, McLennan Community College C H A P T E R PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Bradley W. Christian, McLennan Community College C H A P T E R 5 Microbial Metabolism Big Picture: Metabolism Metabolism is the buildup and breakdown of nutrients

More information

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with

More information

Physiology 12. Metabolism. Metabolism. Cellular metabolism. The synthesis and Breakdown of organic molecules required for cell structure and function

Physiology 12. Metabolism. Metabolism. Cellular metabolism. The synthesis and Breakdown of organic molecules required for cell structure and function Physiology 12 Cellular metabolism Germann Ch3 Metabolism The synthesis and Breakdown of organic molecules required for cell structure and function Metabolism Anabolism = Synthesis Catabolism = Breaking

More information

Unit 2 Cellular Respiration

Unit 2 Cellular Respiration Metabolism Unit 2 Cellular Respiration Living organisms must continually to carry out the functions of life. Without energy, comes to an end. The breakdown of complex substances are the result of. The

More information

Consists of all of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell. Summary of Cellular Respiration. Electrons transferred. Cytoplasm Blood vessel

Consists of all of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell. Summary of Cellular Respiration. Electrons transferred. Cytoplasm Blood vessel 7/19/2014 Metabolism Cellular Metabolism Metabolism Consists of all of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell PLAY Animation Breaking Down Glucose For Energy Biol 105 Lecture Packet 6 Read Chapter

More information

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with

More information

cell respiration bi Biology Junction Everything you need in Biology Cellular Respiration All Materials Cmassengale

cell respiration bi Biology Junction Everything you need in Biology Cellular Respiration All Materials Cmassengale Biology Junction Everything you need in Biology cell respiration bi Cellular Respiration All Materials Cmassengale C6H12O6 + 6O2 > 6CO2 + 6H20 + energy (heat and ATP) Energy http://www.biologyjunction.com/cell_respiration_bi.htm

More information