Cell Membranes & Movement Across Them

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1 Cell Membranes & Movement Across Them

2 Cell (plasma) membrane Cells need an inside & an outside separate cell from its environment cell membrane is the boundary IN food sugars proteins fats salts O 2 H 2 O OUT waste ammonia salts CO 2 H 2 O products cell needs materials in & products or waste out

3 Building a membrane How do you build a barrier that keeps the watery contents of the cell separate from the watery environment? What substance do you know that doesn t mix with water? FATS LIPIDS oil & water don t mix!!

4 Lipids of cell membrane Membrane is made of phospholipids phospholipid bilayer inside cell phosphate attracted to water lipid outside cell repelled by water

5 Semi-permeable membrane Need to allow passage through the membrane But need to control what gets in or out membrane needs to be semi-permeable So what needs to get across the membrane? sugar aa lipid H 2 O salt NH 3 So how do you build a semi-permeable membrane?

6 Phospholipid bilayer What molecules can get through directly? inside cell waste lipid salt fats & other lipids can slip directly through the phospholipid cell membrane, but outside cell sugar aa H 2 O what about other stuff?

7 Permeable cell membrane Need to allow more material through membrane needs to be permeable to all materials a cell needs to bring in all waste a cell needs excrete out all products a cell needs to export out holes, or channels, in cell membrane allow material in & out inside cell sugar Haa 2 O lipid outside cell salt waste

8 Semi-permeable cell membrane But the cell still needs control membrane needs to be semi-permeable specific channels allow specific material in & out inside cell H 2 O aa sugar outside cell waste salt

9 How do you build a semi-permeable cell membrane? channels are made of proteins proteins both like water & like lipids protein channels in bi-lipid membrane

10 Protein channels Proteins act as doors in the membrane channels to move specific molecules through cell membrane

11 Movement through the channel Why do molecules move through membrane if you give them a channel??? Brownian Motion

12 Molecules move from high to low Diffusion move from HIGH to LOW concentration With the concentration gradient

13 Diffusion Move from HIGH to LOW concentration passive transport no energy needed

14 Simple Diffusion: diffusion across a membrane Move from HIGH to LOW inside cell low fat fat fat fat fat fat Which way will fat move? high outside cell fat fat fat fat fat fat fat fat

15 Facilitated Diffusion: through a channel Move from HIGH to LOW sugar sugar sugar inside cell sugar sugar low high sugar Which way will sugar move? outside cell sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar

16 Diffusion Move from HIGH to LOW concentration through membrane simple diffusion no energy needed through a protein channel facilitated diffusion (with help) no energy needed high low

17 Active transport Cells may need molecules to move against concentration difference need to pump uphill from LOW to HIGH using ATP protein pump requires energy ATP ATP

18 Transport summary diffusion facilitated diffusion active transport ATP

19 Osmosis Movement of Water Across Cell Membrane

20 Osmosis Water is very important, so we talk about water separately Osmosis diffusion of water from HIGH concentration of water to LOW concentration of water across a semi-permeable membrane

21 Keeping water balance Cell survival depends on balancing water uptake & water loss freshwater balanced saltwater

22 Keeping water balance Comparing the cell with its environment Isotonic: equal amounts of water and solutes Hypotonic: more water less solutes Hypertonic: less water more solutes Hypotonic isotonic hypertonic

23 Managing water balance isotonic no difference between cell & environment example: blood problem: none water flows across membrane equally, in both directions volume of cell doesn t change balanced

24 Managing water balance Hypotonic (Freshwater) a cell in fresh water example: Paramecium problem: gains water, swells & can burst water continually enters Paramecium cell solution: contractile vacuole pumps water out of cell freshwater

25 Controlling water Contractile vacuole in Paramecium

26 Managing water balance Hypertonic (Saltwater) a cell in salt water saltwater example: shellfish problem: lose water plasmolysis in plants shrinking cell solution: take up water

27 Ice Fishing in Barrow

28 Any Questions??

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