Effect of Various Doses of Cinnamon on Lipid Profile in Diabetic Individuals
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1 Pkistn Journl of Nutrition 2 (5): , 2003 Asin Network for Scientific Informtion 2003 Effect of Vrious Doses of Cinnmon on Lipid Profile in Dibetic Individuls Alm Khn, Mhpr Sfdr nd Mohmmd Muzffr Ali Khn Deprtment of Humn Nutrition, NWFP Agriculturl University, Peshwr, Pkistn Abstrct: The effect of cinnmon doses on blood serum triglyceride (TGL), totl cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins (HDL) nd low-density lipoproteins (LDL) ws studied in type 2 dibetic individuls for 60 dys. Sixty type 2 dibetic individuls of both sexes nd of ge 48± 6.5 yers were divided into 6 groups; ech group ws hving 10 individuls. Groups 1, 2 nd 3 were ssigned for 1g, 3g nd 6g cinnmon doses/dy respectively. Groups 4, 5 nd 6 were ssigned for 1g, 3g nd 6g plcebo doses/dy respectively. The doses were eqully distributed over the dy. Cinnmon nd plcebo were given in the form of cpsules with brekfst, lunch nd dinner. The doses were tken for 40 dys nd fter 40 dys; there ws 20 dys blnk period. Fsting blood smples were tken on dys 0 (strting dy of the experiment) 20, 40 nd 60 nd blood serums were seprted. The TGL, cholesterol, HDL nd LDL of blood serum of both the cinnmon nd plcebo groups were determined. Cinnmon doses significntly (P<0.05) reduced the men fsting serum TGL nd cholesterol levels while the plcebo doses did not chnge the serum TGL nd cholesterol levels. Cinnmon doses reduced the men fsting serum HDL levels but the reduction ws non significnt t P<0.05, while plcebo doses did not ffect the serum HDL levels. Cinnmon doses significntly (P<0.05) reduced the men fsting serum LDL levels while the plcebo doses did not ffect the serum LDL levels. The dt demonstrted tht cinnmon intke reduced blood serum TGL, cholesterol nd LDL significntly (P<0.05) in type 2 dibetic individuls. In the light of this reserch, it is recommended tht individuls who hve high TGL, cholesterol nd LDL levels, they should use cinnmon in their food preprtions on regulr bsis. This will keep their TGL, cholesterol nd LDL levels low. Key words: Cinnmon, lipid profile, dibetic Introduction Dibetes mellitus is bsiclly disese of glucose metbolism resulting from dysfunction of pncreticbet cells nd insulin resistnce, but t lter stges of the disese, lipid metbolism is lso ffected. Spices like cinnmon, cloves, by leves, nd turmeric hve insulin-potentiting effect in vitro (Khn et l., 1990). So these spices might hve role in lipid metbolism. Rshwn (1998) studied the effects of dietry dditions of spices nmely nise, fenugreek nd crwy on reproductive nd productive performnce of New Zelnd White rbbit does. He reported tht dietry nise supplementtion incresed totl serum lipids nd cholesterol while fenugreek ddition decresed totl serum lipids. Khn et l. (1996) studied the biochemicl response in rts to the ddition of curry lef (Murry koenigii) nd mustrd seeds (Brssic junce) to the diet. Three groups of 12 wenling mle lbino rts were group fed for 90 dys on 1 of 3 diets: stndrd lbortory rt diet supplemented with 20% coconut oil (high ft control diet) or the high ft diet supplemented with 10% curry lef (M. koenigii) or 10% mustrd seeds (B. junce). Feed ws offered t level of 10% body weight. At the end of the tril totl serum cholesterol, HDL, LDL nd VLDL frctions, relese of lipoproteins into the circultion, lecithin cholesterol cyl trnsferse (LCAT) ctivity nd lipoprotein lipse ctivity were exmined. Curry lef nd mustrd seeds decresed totl serum cholesterol nd LDL nd VLDL, incresed HDL, decresed the relese of lipoproteins into the circultion nd incresed LCAT ctivity. Khn et l. (1998) studied the influence of spices - Murry koenigii nd Brssic junce on rts fed therogenic diet. A high ft cholesterol diet contining 10% Murry koenigii lef (curry lef) or 10% Brssic junce (mustrd) seeds or high ft cholesterol diet lone ws fed to Sprgue-Dwley rts for 3 months (n=12 per diet). The plsm lipoprotein profile t 3 months showed tht these spices reduced the concentrtions of cholesterol, TGL nd phospholipids in serum, ort, liver nd hert (P<0.01). The low-density lipoproteins nd very low-density lipoprotein frctions were lso decresed nd the HDL frction ws incresed. It is suggested tht these 2 common spices could ply significnt role in controlling the development of hypercholesterolemi nd therosclerosis. Chithr nd Leelmm (1997) reported the hypolipidemic effect of corinder seeds (Corindrum stivum) nd its mechnism of ction. Femle lbino Sprgue-Dwley rts (65-70 g) were rndomly ssigned to receive high ft diet [rodent chow + coconut oil (15%) + cholesterol (2%)] or high ft diet including corinder seeds (Corindrum stivum, 10%) for 75 dys. The level of cholesterol decresed in the tissues of rts fed 312
2 Khn et l.: Effect of Vrious Doses of Cinnmon on Lipid Profile in Dibetic Individuls corinder seeds (89.10±2.60, 1050±30.50 nd Protocol of the study: The study ws conducted for ±2.62 vs ±4.65 mg/100 ml, ±50.80 dys. The 60 type 2 dibetic individuls were divided into nd ±8.17 mg/100 g in serum, liver nd hert, 6 groups. Ech group ws hving 10 individuls. Groups respectively). Corresponding vlues for tricylglycerols 1, 2 nd 3 were ssigned to cinnmon nd groups 4, 5 were 7.390±0.214, ±9.56 nd 26.93±0.78 vs. nd 6 were ssigned to plcebo. The individuls were 14.80±0.43 mg/100 ml, ±23.14 nd 71.80±2.10- llowed to tke their routine diet nd usul dibetic mg/100 g, respectively. Bet-hydroxy, bet-methyl glutryl medicine. Groups 1, 2 nd 3 were given 1g, 3g nd 6g CoA reductse [hydroxymethylglutryl-coa reductse cinnmon/dy respectively for 40 dys. From dy 41 to (NADPH)]-phosphtse] nd plsm lecithin-cholesterol 60, no dose of cinnmon ws given. On similr pttern, cyltrnsferse [phosphtidylcholine-sterol O- 1g, 3g nd 6g plcebo/dy were given to groups 4, 5 nd cyltrnsferse] ctivity incresed in the experimentl 6 respectively for 40 dys. The 1g doses of cinnmon group. They noted tht LDL nd VLDL cholesterol nd plcebo were spred over the dy s 0.5g (1 decresed nd HDL cholesterol incresed in the cpsule) t the time of lunch nd 0.5g (1 cpsule) t the experimentl group vs. the control group. They time of dinner. The 3g nd 6g doses of cinnmon nd concluded tht the hypocholesterolemic effect of plcebo were spred over the dy s 1g (2 cpsules) corinder seeds ws s result of incresed ctivity nd 2g (4 cpsules) t the time of brekfst, lunch nd of plsm LCAT enhnced heptic bile cid synthesis dinner respectively. The individuls were told to tke the nd the incresed degrdtion of cholesterol to fecl cpsules immedite fter brekfst nd mels. bile cids nd neutrl sterols. Zhng et l. (1999) suggested tht turmeric might hve role in reducing Collection of blood smples nd biochemicl nlysis: the risk of therosclerosis. Approximtely 5ml fsting blood smples were tken Spices like cinnmon hs insulin potentiting ctivity from ech individul on dy 0, 20, 40 nd 60. Blood nd due to this property, cinnmon might hve role in smples were trnsferred to sterilized centrifuge tubes lipid metbolism. This study ws designed to see the nd llowed for clotting t room temperture. The blood effect of vrious doses of cinnmon on blood serum smples were centrifuged for 10 minutes in centrifuge lipid profile in type 2 dibetic individuls. t 4000 rpm for serum seprtion. Serum smples were o stored in freezer t 0 C for lter nlysis of TGL, totl Mterils nd Methods Loction, smple size nd criteri for registrtion of cholesterol, high nd low-density lipoproteins(hdl nd LDL) cholesterol. the study: The study ws conducted in the deprtment of Humn Nutrition, NWFP Agriculturl University Peshwr, Pkistn. Sixty type 2 dibetic individuls of both sexes nd of ge 40 yers or older, who were residing in Peshwr city nd its vicinity, were registered Determintion of TGL: TGL were determined by the enzymtic clorimetric method of Werner et l., Auto nlyzer (Express plus, Cib corning USA) nd Elitech kit were used. for the study. These dibetic individuls were registered t different times nd t different loctions, becuse Determintion of cholesterol: Cholesterol ws dibetics were not vilble t one time. Only those dibetic subjects, who were not on insulin therpy, were not tking medicine for other helth conditions nd determined by enzymtic clorimetric method of Allin et l., Auto nlyzer (Express plus, Cib corning USA) nd Elitech kit were used. whose fsting blood glucose were in the rnge of mg/dl, were included in the study. Preprtion of cinnmon nd plcebo cpsules: Cinnmon nd whet flour were used for the preprtion of cinnmon nd plcebo cpsules. The required mount of cinnmon nd whet flour were purchsed from the locl mrket nd ground finely. The ground cinnmon nd whet flour were given to Mehrn Trders, Phrmceuticl Suppliers, Khlid Mrket, Chrsdd Rod, Peshwr for preprtion of the cpsules. Cpsules were prepred nd ech cpsule ws hving 500mg of cinnmon or whet flour. Pckges of 40 (1g or 2 cpsules/dy for 20 dys), 120 (3g or 6 cpsules/dy for 20 dys) nd 240 (6g or 12 cpsules/dy for 20 dys) of both the cinnmon nd plcebo cpsules were prepred in plstic bgs. Determintion of HDL cholesterol: Chylomicrons, VLDL (very low-density lipoproteins), nd LDL (low-density lipoproteins) were precipitted by dding phosphotungstic cid nd mgnesium ions to the smple. Centrifugtion left only the HDL (high-density lipoproteins) in the superntnt; their cholesterol content ws determined (Virell et l., 1977). Determintion of LDL cholesterol: LDL cholesterol ws clculted by the following formule: TGL LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) = HDL cholesterol 5 The clcultions were done utomticlly. Sttisticl nlysis: Two-wy Anlysis of Vrince nd 313
3 Khn et l.: Effect of Vrious Doses of Cinnmon on Lipid Profile in Dibetic Individuls Rndomized Complete Block Design ws used for sttisticl nlysis (Freed, 1989) Results nd Discussion Effect of cinnmon on TGL: The effect of vrious doses of cinnmon on TGL levels of dibetic individul is shown in Fig. 1. The TGL vlues on dy 0 indicte the fsting serum TGL of dibetic individuls before the strt of cinnmon cpsules. So these TGL levels were the control vlues for the study. On the strting dy of the experiment (dy 0), the men fsting serum TGL levels of the dibetic individuls of the 3 groups, ssigned for 1g, 3g nd 6g cinnmon doses per dy, were mg/dl, mg/dl nd mg/dl respectively. When the dibetic individuls of these groups used the doses of cinnmon for 20 dys, their men fsting serum TGL dropped to mg/dl nd mg/dl respectively in the first nd third groups individuls, who used 1 g nd 6 g cinnmon doses/dy but did not chnge in the second group s individuls (242.9 mg/dl), who used 3 g cinnmon dose per dy for the first 20 dys. The reduction in the men fsting blood TGL ws not significnt (P<0.05) from the men fsting blood TGL in the first group, but ws significnt (P<0.05) in the third group. When the sme individuls of the sme groups used 1g, 3g nd 6g cinnmon doses/dy for 40 dys, their men fsting serum TGL dropped to mg/dl, mg/dl nd mg/dl respectively. Consumption of the vrious doses of cinnmon for 40 dys significntly (P <0.05) lowered the men fsting serum TGL of dibetic individuls of ll the three groups s compred to the men fsting serum TGL vlues of the dibetic individuls of the sme groups t the strt of the experiment (dy 0). The men fsting serum TGL levels of the dibetic individuls of the groups, who used 1 g nd 6 g cinnmon per dy for 40 dys were significntly (P<0.05) lower thn the serum TGL levels of the dibetic individuls of the sme groups who consumed cinnmon for 20 dys. The men fsting serum TGL level of the dibetic individuls, who used 3 g dose of cinnmon/dy for 40 dys, were significntly (P<0.05) lower thn the serum TGL when they consumed the sme dose of cinnmon for 20 dys. The dt indicted tht longer use of cinnmon ws more beneficil thn shorter use for TGL reduction in dibetic individuls. The men fsting serum TGL levels of the dibetic individuls of ll the 3 groups on dy 60, when they were not using cinnmon for the lst 20 dys, were mg/dl, mg/dl nd mg/dl respectively. The men fsting serum TGL levels of the groups of dibetic individuls, who used 1 g nd 3 g cinnmon per dy, on dy 60 were significntly (P<0.05) lower thn the men fsting serum TGL of the sme groups on dy 0. On dy 60, the men fsting serum TGL level of the group, which used 6 g cinnmon dose per dy, ws non- significntly lower thn the men fsting serum TGL level of the sme group on dy 0. Cinnmon doses significntly (P<0.05) reduced the TGL levels in dibetic individuls. This effect of cinnmon is prticulrly importnt for hyperlipidemic individuls. Cinnmon is spice; so hyperlipidemic individuls cn mke regulr schedule of cinnmon eting. The lipid lowering effect of cinnmon might be due to insulin potentiting ction of cinnmon (Khn et l., 1990). Usully when glucose metbolism is improved lipid metbolism is lso improved. The mintennce of lower vlue of TGL, even when the individuls were not using cinnmon, ws of prticulr significnce, s cinnmon might hve brought some biochemicl chnges in the body tht kept the TGL level low. This property of cinnmon is of immense therpeutic use prticulrly for hyperlipidemic individuls. Spices nd nturl products my lower TGL in humns. Cinnmon brk hs lso shown strong lipolytic (bility to hydrolyze fts) ction (Leung nd Foster, 1996). Chithr nd Leelmm (1997) reported the hypolipidemic effect of corinder seeds (Corindrum stivum) nd its mechnism of ction. Botnicl products cn improve glucose metbolism nd over ll condition of persons with dibetes not only by hypoglycemic effect but lso by improving lipid metbolism, ntioxidnt sttus, nd cpillry function (Brodhurst, 1997). Rshwn (1998) reported tht ddition of fenugreek to diet decresed totl blood lipids in rts. To verify tht the drop in serum TGL level ws not due to psychologicl effect of the cpsules, plcebo in the dose of 1 g, 3 g nd 6 g were given in the sme pttern, s the cinnmon. The doses of plcebo did not ffect the TGL level during the intke of plcebo (Fig. 2). The effect of different cinnmon doses on the men fsting blood TGL is given in Tble 1. There ws no significnt effect of cinnmon doses on the concentrtion of TGL in type 2 dibetic individuls. The study indicted tht smll dose of cinnmon like 1-3g/dy would reduce the TGL concentrtion in dibetic individuls. The usul ddition of cinnmon s spice to food preprtions will be sufficient. Effect of cinnmon on cholesterol: The effect of vrious doses of cinnmon on the blood cholesterol levels of dibetic individul is shown in Fig. 3. The vlues on dy 0 indicte the fsting blood cholesterol of dibetic individuls before the strt of cinnmon cpsules. So these cholesterol levels were control vlues for the study. On the strting dy of the experiment (dy 0), the men fsting serum cholesterol levels of the dibetic individuls of the 3 groups, ssigned for 1g, 3g nd 6g cinnmon dose/dy, were mg/dl, mg/dl nd mg/dl respectively. When the dibetic individuls 314
4 Khn et l.: Effect of Vrious Doses of Cinnmon on Lipid Profile in Dibetic Individuls The men fsting serum cholesterol levels of the dibetic individuls of the cinnmon groups on dy 60 (when they were not using cinnmon for the lst 20 dys) were mg/dl, mg/dl nd mg/dl respectively. These vlues were significntly lower (P<0.05) thn the men fsting blood cholesterol levels of the dibetic individuls of these groups on dy 0. The men fsting blood cholesterol levels did not rise even the individuls of the groups were not tking cinnmon doses for the lst 20 dys. This indictes tht cinnmon hs lsting hypocholesterolemic effect in dibetic individuls. Spices nd nturl products hve n effect on cholesterol in humns. Cinnmon brk hs lso shown strong lipolytic (bility to hydrolyze fts) ction (Leung nd Foster, 1996). Curry lef nd mustrd seeds decrese totl serum cholesterol (Khn et l., 1996). Spices-Murry koenigii nd Brssic junce reduce the Fig. 1: Effect of Cinnmon on TGL in dibetic individuls concentrtions of cholesterol, TGL nd phospholipids in serum (Khn et l., 1998). The cholesterol lowering effect of cinnmon will hve n immense effect in the tretment strtegy of ptients who re suffering from crdio-vsculr problems. We, t present, do not hve ny explntion for this reduction but seems tht some constituents of cinnmon re blocking the synthesis of cholesterol or fcilitting the clernce of cholesterol from the body. The insulin potentiting property of cinnmon my be helping reducing cholesterol level. Those individuls who hve high cholesterol levels my dopt regulr eting of 1-3g cinnmon dily to lower their cholesterol levels. To verify tht the reduction in cholesterol levels ws not due to psychologicl effect of the cpsules, plcebo in the dose of 1 g, 3 g nd 6 g ws given in the sme pttern, s the cinnmon. The doses of plcebo did not ffect the totl cholesterol levels during the intke of plcebo (Fig. 4). The effect of different cinnmon doses on the men fsting blood cholesterol is given in Tble 2. There ws no significnt effect of cinnmon doses on the Fig. 2: Effect of plcebo on TGL in dibetic individuls concentrtion of serum cholesterol in type 2 dibetic individuls. The results indicted tht smll dose of of these groups used cinnmon doses for 20 dys, their cinnmon like 1-3g/dy ws s effective s lrge dose men fsting blood cholesterol level dropped to (6g/dy) in reduction of cholesterol concentrtion in mg/dl, mg/dl nd mg/dl respectively. This dibetic individuls. reduction in cholesterol levels ws sttisticlly significnt (P<0.05) from the men fsting blood Effect of cinnmon on HDL: The effect of vrious doses cholesterol vlues on dy 0. When the sme individuls of cinnmon on the serum HDL levels of dibetic of the sme groups used cinnmon doses for 40 dys, individul is shown in Fig. 5. The vlues on dy 0 their men fsting blood cholesterol were mg/dl, indicte the fsting blood HDL of dibetic individuls mg/dl nd mg/dl respectively. Consumption before the strt of cinnmon cpsules. So these HDL of cinnmon doses for 40 dys further lowered the men levels were control vlues for the study. fsting serum cholesterol levels of dibetic individul of On the strting dy of the experiment (dy 0), the men ll the 3 groups of cinnmon s compred to the men fsting serum HDL levels of the dibetic individuls of fsting serum cholesterol vlues of the dibetic the 3 groups, ssigned for 1g, 3g nd 6g cinnmon individuls of the sme groups t the strt of the dose/dy, were 46.6 mg/dl, 57.0 mg/dl nd 50.4 mg/dl experiment. respectively. When the dibetic individuls of these 315
5 Khn et l.: Effect of Vrious Doses of Cinnmon on Lipid Profile in Dibetic Individuls Tble 1: Effects of Different Doses of Cinnmon on TGL Group* of Doses of Cinnmon Men Fsting TGL (mg/dl) ** Dibetics (g/dy) Before Cinnmon Intke After Cinnmon Intke * * = 10 individuls in ech group **= The figures in column No. 4 re the verge of vlues on dys 20 nd 40. Mens followed by different letters in rows re significntly different t P < 0.05 s determined by nlysis of vrince nd LSD test. Tble 2: Effects of Different Doses of Cinnmon on Cholesterol Group* of Doses of Cinnmon Men Fsting Cholesterol (mg/dl)** Dibetics (g/dy) Before Cinnmon Intke After Cinnmon Intke * = 10 individuls in ech group **= The figures in column No. 4 re the verge of vlues on dys 20 nd 40. Mens followed by different letters in rows re significntly different t P < 0.05 s determined by nlysis of vrince nd LSD test. not using cinnmon for the lst 20 dys) were 40.9 mg/dl, 43.6 mg/dl nd 46.8 mg/dl respectively. The men fsting serum HDL levels of the dibetic individuls of ll the 3 groups on dy 60 were lso showing nonsignificnt results. It ws expected tht cinnmon intke will increse the HDL level of type 2 dibetic individuls but it did not. To see the psychologicl effect of the cpsules, plcebo in the dose of 1 g, 3 g nd 6 g ws given in the sme pttern s the cinnmon. The doses of plcebo did not ffect the HDL levels (Fig. 6). The effect of different cinnmon doses on the men fsting serum HDL is given in Tble 3. There ws no significnt effect of cinnmon doses on the concentrtion of HDL in Type 2 dibetic individuls. The dt demonstrted tht smll dose of cinnmon like 1- Fig. 3: Effect of cinnmon on cholesterol in dibetic 3g/dy ws s effective s lrge dose (6g/dy) in individuls reduction of serum HDL concentrtion in dibetic individuls. groups used cinnmon doses for 20 dys, the men fsting serum HDL level dropped to 44.3 mg/dl, 47.2 Effect of cinnmon on LDL: The effect of vrious doses mg/dl nd 46.3 mg/dl respectively. This reduction in HDL of cinnmon on the serum LDL levels of dibetic levels ws not sttisticlly significnt (P<0.05) from the individul is shown in Fig. 7. The vlues on dy 0 men fsting serum HDL vlues on dy 0 except for indicte the fsting serum LDL of dibetic individuls group 2 individuls, who used 3g cinnmon/dy. When before the strt of cinnmon cpsules. So these LDL the sme individuls of the sme groups used levels were the control vlues for the study. cinnmon doses for 40 dys, their men fsting serum On the strting dy of the experiment (dy 0), the men HDL further dropped to 43.3 mg/dl, 43.3 mg/dl nd 46.1 fsting serum LDL levels of the dibetic individuls of mg/dl respectively. But this reduction ws lso non- the 3 groups, ssigned for 1g, 3g nd 6g cinnmon significnt (P >0.05) except for group 2 who used 3g dose/dy, were mg/dl, mg/dl nd cinnmon/dy. mg/dl respectively. When the dibetic individuls of The men fsting serum HDL levels of the dibetic these groups used cinnmon doses for 20 dys, the individuls of ll the 3 groups on dy 60 (when they were men fsting blood LDL levels dropped to 87.8 mg/dl, 316
6 Khn et l.: Effect of Vrious Doses of Cinnmon on Lipid Profile in Dibetic Individuls Tble 3: Effects of Different Doses of Cinnmon on HDL * Group of Doses of Cinnmon ** Men Fsting HDL (mg/dl) Dibetics (g/dy) Before Cinnmon Intke After Cinnmon Intke * = 10 individuls in ech group ** = The figures in column No. 4 re the verge of vlues on dys 20 nd 40. Mens followed by different letters in rows re significntly different t P < 0.05 s determined by nlysis of vrince nd LSD test. Tble 4: Effects of Different Doses of Cinnmon on LDL Group* of Doses of Cinnmon Men Fsting LDL (mg/dl)** Dibetics (g/dy) Before Cinnmon Intke After Cinnmon Intke * = 10 individuls in ech group **= The figures in column No. 4 re the verge of vlues on dys 20 nd 40. Mens followed by different letters in rows re significntly different t P < 0.05 s determined by nlysis of vrince nd LSD test. Fig. 4: Effect of plcebo on cholesterol in dibetic individuls 93.6 mg/dl nd 98.9 mg/dl respectively. The dt demonstrted tht cinnmon doses reduced the men fsting serum LDL levels significntly (P<0.05) in groups Fig. 5: Effect of cinnmon on HDL in dibetic 1 nd 3 nd non-significntly in group 2 s compred with the men fsting serum LDL vlues on dy 0. When when the individuls used cinnmon for 20 dys, but the sme individuls of the sme groups used chnged to non-significnce when they used cinnmon cinnmon doses for 40 dys, their men fsting blood for 40 dys. This observtion ws perhps n error LDL ws noted 96.2 mg/dl, 78.9 mg/dl nd 99.8 mg/dl somewhere in the process of smple respectively. Consumption of the vrious doses of preprtion/determintion. cinnmon for 40 dys significntly (P <0.05) lowered the The men fsting serum LDL levels of the dibetic men fsting blood LDL levels of dibetic individul of individuls of ll the 3 groups on dy 60 (when they were ll the 3 groups of cinnmon s compred to the men not using cinnmon for the lst 20 dys) were 90.9 fsting blood vlues of the dibetic individuls of the mg/dl, 75.5 mg/dl nd mg/dl respectively nd were sme groups t the strt of the experiment (dy 0). In significntly lower (P<0.05) thn the men fsting blood group 1, the reduction in LDL cholesterol ws significnt LDL levels of the dibetic individuls in groups 1 nd 2 317
7 Khn et l.: Effect of Vrious Doses of Cinnmon on Lipid Profile in Dibetic Individuls Fig. 6: Effect of plcebo on HDL in dibetic individuls Fig. 8: Effect of plcebo on LDL in dibetic individuls Fig. 7: Effect of cinnmon on LDL in dibetic individuls nd non-significnt in group 3 on dy 0. The dt showed tht cinnmon doses reduced the LDL level in dibetic individuls, so people who hve higher LDL level re recommended to use cinnmon in their diet. This will keep their LDL level low. Curry lef nd mustrd seeds hve been reported to decrese totl serum LDL in rts (Khn et l., 1996). Keeping the men fsting serum LDL levels lower even the individuls were not tking cinnmon doses indicted tht cinnmon hd lsting effect in dibetic individuls s their men fsting serum LDL levels did not rise up to the men LDL levels which ws t the strt of the experiment (dy 0), though they were not using cinnmon for the lst 20 dys. It is possible tht cinnmon might hve brought some chnge in the synthesis/metbolism of LDL. To verify tht the reduction in LDL ws not due to psychologicl effect of the cpsules, plcebo in the dose of 1 g, 3 g nd 6 g ws given in the sme pttern, s the cinnmon. The doses of plcebo did not ffect the LDL levels (Fig. 8). The effect of different cinnmon doses on the men fsting serum LDL is given in Tble 4. There ws no significnt effect of cinnmon doses on the concentrtion of LDL in type 2 dibetic individuls. The dt reveled tht smll doses of cinnmon re s good s lrge doses for reduction of LDL concentrtion in dibetic individuls. In conclusion, cinnmon reduced blood serum TGL, totl nd LDL cholesterol significntly (p < 0.05) in type 2 dibetic individuls. Cinnmon is spice nd mny people re using it in food preprtions for tste nd flvor development. Those who hve type 2 dibetes mellitus, or they re hyperlipidemic or hypercholesterolemic, they should use cinnmon on regulr bsis. They cn use 1-3 g cinnmon per dy. It cn be dded to foods by sprinkling over it or food cn be prepred with cinnmon dded s spice. It cn be chewed or cinnmon te without sugr cn be prepred. It cn be tken with brekfst nd mels. References Allin, C.C., L.S. Poon, C.S.G. Chon, U. Richmond nd P.C. Fu, Enzymtic determintion of totl serum cholesterol. Clin. Chem., 20: Brodhurst, C.L., Nutrition nd non-insulin dependent dibetes from n nthropologicl perspective. Alt. Med. Rev., 2: Chithr, V. nd S. Leelmm, Hypolipidemic effect of corinder seeds Corindrum stivum): mechnism of ction. Plnt Foods for Humn Nutrition., 51: Khn, B.A., A. Abrhm nd S. Leelmm, Influence of spices - Murry koenigii nd Brssic junce on rts fed therogenic diet. J. FST, 35:
8 Khn et l.: Effect of Vrious Doses of Cinnmon on Lipid Profile in Dibetic Individuls Khn, B.A., A. Abrhm nd S. Leelmm, Biochemicl response in rts to the ddition of curry lef (Murry koenigii) nd mustrd seeds (Brssic junce) to the diet. Plnt Foods for Humn Nutrition, 49: Khn, A., N.A. Bryden, M.M. Polnsky nd R.A. Anderson, Insulin potentiting fctor nd chromium content of selected foods nd spices. Bio. Trce. Element Res., 24: Freed, R.D., MSTAT-C with Grph, Michign Stte University, Version 2. Leung, A.Y. nd S. Foster, Encyclopedi of common nturl ingredients used in food, drugs, nd cosmetics, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley nd Sons, Inc. Rshwn, A.A., Effects of dietry dditions of nise, fenugreek nd crwy on reproductive nd productive performnce of New Zelnd White rbbit does. Egyp. J. Rbbit Sci., 8: Virell, M.F.L., Clin. Chem., 23: 882. Werner M., D.G. Gbrielson nd G. Estmn, Clin Chem., 21: 268. Zhng, W.L., D.W. Liu, X.D. Wo, Y.H. Zhng, M.M. Jin nd Z.S. Ding, Effects of Curcum long on prolifertion of cultured bovine smooth muscle cells nd on expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor in cells. Chinese Med. J., 112:
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