Organic_Chemistry_Presentation_v_1.0.notebook. June 02, Organic Chemistry. Organic Chemistry. Organic Chemistry

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Organic_Chemistry_Presentation_v_1.0.notebook. June 02, Organic Chemistry. Organic Chemistry. Organic Chemistry"

Transcription

1 Organic_hemistry_Presentation_v_1.0.notebook Organic hemistry Organic hemistry arbon and the Molecular iversity of Life arbon is the backbone of biological molecule Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds. arbon has the ability to form long chains. Without this property, large biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids could not form. Organic hemistry Organic hemistry Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds Organic compounds range from simple molecules to colossal ones Most organic compounds contain hydrogen atoms in addition to carbon atoms Vitalism, the idea that organic compounds arise only in organisms, was disproved when chemists synthesized the compounds Mechanism is the view that all natural phenomena are governed by physical and chemical laws arbon has four valence electrons to make covalent bonds arbon atoms can form diverse molecules by bonding to four other atoms lectron configuration is the key to an atom s characteristics lectron configuration determines the kinds and number of bonds an atom will form with other atoms 1 Organic chemistry is a science based on the study of functional groups. vital forces interacting with matter. carbon compounds. water and its interaction with other kinds of molecules. inorganic compounds. 2 Which property of the carbon atom gives it compatibility with a greater number of different elements than any other type of atom? arbon has 6 to 8 neutrons. arbon has a valence of 4. arbon forms ionic bonds. and only,, and 1

2 Organic_hemistry_Presentation_v_1.0.notebook 3 What type(s) of bond(s) does carbon have a tendency to form? ionic hydrogen covalent and only,, and 4 How many electron pairs does carbon share in order to complete its valence shell? Hydrocarbons lkanes liphatic hydrocarbons ompounds made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms liphatic and romatic liphatic hydrocarbons: compounds with carbon atoms connected in a straight chain romatic hydrocarbons: compounds with carbon atoms connected to form cyclic structure Hydrocarbon chains where all the bonds between carbons are SINGL bonds They are also known as saturated hydrocarbons. They are saturated with hydrogens. Name uses the ending ane xamples: Methane, Propane, utane, Octane liphatic compounds consist of three classes of compounds: lkanes lkenes lkynes lkanes The general formula n H 2n+2 n = number of carbon atoms lkanes Straight chain alkanes: n alkane that has all its carbons connected in a row. H 4 Methane Hexane H 3 H 2 H 3 2H 6 thane 3H 8 Propane 4H 10 utane 5H 12 Pentane Heptane Octane Nonane ecane ranched chain alkanes: n alkane that has a branching connection of carbons. H3 H3 H H2 H3 2

3 Organic_hemistry_Presentation_v_1.0.notebook lkanes lkanes Hydrocarbons are non polar lkanes 5 What is the reason why hydrocarbons are not soluble in water? The majority of their bonds are polar covalent carbon to hydrogen linkages. The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon tohydrogen linkages. They are hydrophilic. They exhibit considerable molecular complexity and diversity. They are lighter than water. Primary carbon (1 o ) a carbon bonded to one other carbon Secondary carbon (2 o ) a carbon bonded to two other carbons Tertiary carbon (3 o ) a carbon bonded to three other carbons lkanes lkenes lkens have atleast one 1 double bond between two carbon atoms. General formula: nh 2n The name uses the ending ene The first member would be 2H 4 thene ( from 2 carbon parent, ethane) 3H 6 Propene Naming should give least number to the double bonded carbon H 2=H H 2 H 3 1 butene ( number 1 indicates the double bond is on the first arbon atom) H 2=H H=H 2 1,3 butadiene ( there are two double bonds) so the name ends with "diene" 3

4 Organic_hemistry_Presentation_v_1.0.notebook lkene lkynes lkyne general formula: nh 2n 2 They must have at least one triple bond The name uses the ending yne 2H 2 thyne or commonly known as acetylene 3H 4 Propyne or propylene all and stick model liphatic hydrocarbons Space filling model Structural formula Molecular formula ycloalkanes arbon can also form ringed structures. Five and six membered rings are most stable. They can take on conformations in which their bond angles are very close to the tetrahedral angle. Smaller rings are quite strained romatic hydrocarbons 6 Hydrocarbons They have benzene ring structure ( hexagon) and have particular aroma associated with it. H 3 are polar. are held together by ionic bonds. contain nitrogen. contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms. are held together by hydrogen bonds. enzene Toluene ( methyl benzene) 4

5 Organic_hemistry_Presentation_v_1.0.notebook Isomers Isomers Hydrocarbons exhibit a phenomenon called isomerism, existence of different molecular arrangement but same formula structural isomers Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties: Structural isomers have different covalent arrangements of their atoms Geometric isomers have the same covalent arrangements but differ in spatial arrangements trans isomer: The two H 3 are on opposite sides. cis isomer: The two H 3 are on the same side. enantiomers are isomers that are nonsuperimposable mirror images nantiomers are isomers that are mirror images of each other geometric isomers 7/media/interactivemedia/activities/load.html?4& nantiomers differ in spatial arrangement around an asymmetric carbon, resulting in molecules that are mirror images, like left and right hands. The two isomers are designated the L and isomers from the Latin for left and right (levo and dextro). nantiomers cannot be superimposed on each other. 7 Structural isomers are molecules that 8 Which of the following is true of geometric isomers? are enantiomers. are hydrocarbons. have a ring structure. are mirror images. differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms. They have variations in arrangement around a double bond. They have an asymmetric carbon that makes them mirror images. They have the same chemical properties. They have different molecular formulas. Their atoms and bonds are arranged in different sequences 9 The two molecules shown in Figure 4.1 are best described as 10 Which of the following is true of geometric isomers? optical isomers. radioactive isotopes. structural isomers. nonradioactive isotopes. geometric isomers. They have variations in arrangement around a double bond. They have an asymmetric carbon that makes them mirror images. They have the same chemical properties. They have different molecular formulas. Their atoms and bonds are arranged in different sequences. 5

6 Organic_hemistry_Presentation_v_1.0.notebook Haloalkanes/alkenes/alkynes lcohols / Thiols cids mines Ketones ldehydes sters ther Functional groups group or an atom that imparts special physical and chemical properties to the compound ased on the functional group, the compounds are classified as follows. Halo alkanes/alkenes/alkynes Presence of a Halogen atom ( F, l or r) H 3l, H 2l 2, Hl 3, l 4, F 2=F 2, F = F They are formed when one or more H atoms are replaced by halogen atom/s lcohols and Thiols The functional group is a hydroxyl group, OH For thiols it is SH Thiol is the same as sulfhydride In H 4, one H is replaced by OH 11 compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which of the following statements is true concerning this compound? The name ends with ol, drop the alkane "e" add "ol" H 3OH methane becomes methyl alcohol or Methanol H 3H 2OH ethyl alcohol or ethanol It lacks an asymmetric carbon, and it is probably a fat or lipid. It should dissolve in water. It should dissolve in a nonpolar solvent. It won't form hydrogen bonds with water. It is hydrophobic. cids or arboxylic acids The functional group is OOH Replace one H atom in the alkane by a OOH group HOOH Methanoic acid or formic acid H 3OOH = thanoic acid or acetic acid or vinegar H 3H 2OOH = Propanoic acid rop the "e" from the parent alkane and add "oic acid" mines The functional group is NH 2 H 3NH 2, replace one H by an NH 2 group H 3NH 2 mino methane or Methyl amine More than one functional groups, same or different are common in organic compounds example: amino acids. They have amine and acid groups OOH ethane di carboxylic acid or oxalic acid OOH 6

7 Organic_hemistry_Presentation_v_1.0.notebook 12 What is the name of the functional group shown in the following figure? carbonyl ketone aldehyde carboxyl hydroxyl 13 Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids? ketone and aldehyde carbonyl and carboxyl carboxyl and amino phosphate and sulfhydryl hydroxyl and aldehyde Ketones The functional group is =O or "carbonyl" group Usually sandwiched between two carbon groups H 3H 2H 3 = propane H 3O H 3 propanone or acetone ( nail polish remover) rop e and add none O H 3 H 3 function the functional group can make! H 3O 2H 5 thyl methyl ketone or butanone ldehydes The functional group is HO drop 'e' of the parent alkane and add 'nal' HHO (1 carbon) Methanal or Formaldehyde H 3HO (2 carbon) thanal or cetaldehyde ster sters are formed by the combination of an acid and an alcohol by eliminating one molecule of water. They are usually pleasant smelling compounds ( natural oils and essence) The functional group is OOR where R could be another alkyl group The way the carbonyl group is bonded to the main body of the molecule is different in acids, ketones and aldehydes H 3OOH + H 3OH > H 3OOH 3 H 3OOH 3 named as methyl acetate H 3OO 2H 5 ethyl acetate 2H 5OOH 3 methyl propanoate 7

8 Organic_hemistry_Presentation_v_1.0.notebook ther The functional group is O sandwiched between two carbon groups Groups with a arbon Oxygen ouble ond (arbonyl Groups) H 3 O H 3 dimethyl ether They are highly flammable and used as solvents in organic synthesis mides mides are formed by the reaction of carboxylic acids with amines. 14 Which is the best description of a carbonyl group? H2O ROOH + H 2NR' > ONH linkage is known as the amide linkage ( peptide) in proteins This linkage is formed when several amino acids join with their acid and amino groups together. an oxygen joined to a carbon by a single covalent bond a nitrogen and two hydrogens joined to a carbon by covalent bonds a carbon joined to two hydrogens by single covalent bonds a sulfur and a hydrogen joined to a carbon by covalent bonds a carbon atom joined to an oxygen by a double covalent bond 15 What is the name of the functional group shown in Figure 4.4? 16 Which of the following contains nitrogen in addition to carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen? carbonyl ketone aldehyde carboxyl hydroxyl an alcohol such as ethanol a monosaccharide such as glucose a steroid such as testosterone an amino acid such as glycine a hydrocarbon such as benzene 8

9 Organic_hemistry_Presentation_v_1.0.notebook 17 Which molecule contains a sulfhydryl( thiol) functional group? Macromolecules large molecules composed of smaller molecules re complex in their structures arbon has the unique property of joining together via covalent bonding to form large ( macro) molecules Most macromolecules are polymers, built from monomers Three of the classes of life s organic molecules are polymers Proteins arbohydrates Nucleic acids Polymer Is a long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks called monomers The Synthesis and reakdown of Polymers Monomers form larger molecules by condensation reactions called dehydration reactions Polymers lthough organisms share the same limited number of monomer types, each organism is unique based on the arrangement of monomers into polymers n immense variety of polymers can be built from a small set of monomers short polymer Monomer longer polymer mino cids and Proteins arbohydrates/sugars Simple sugars are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones. Table sugar, (sucrose) is made up of glucose and fructose. peptide chain proteins are formed when several amino acids combine together acid end and amine end join together to form long peptide chain 9

10 Organic_hemistry_Presentation_v_1.0.notebook carbohydrates/sugars In solution, they form cyclic structures. These can form chains of sugars that form structural molecules such as starch and cellulose. Not all sugars are sweet. Nucleic cids Nucleic acids are made up of a sugar and a base (nitrogen compound) Two of the building blocks of RN and N are sugars (ribose or deoxyribose) and cyclic bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine or uracil) sugars bases Nucleic cids nucleotide is made up of 3 components: a 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) + a nitrogenous base + a phosphate group, PO 4 3 RN or N + ase + PO 4 3 = nucleotide Nucleotides combine to form the familiar double helix form of the nucleic acids The blue ribbon is the nucleotide chain They join together via hydrogen bonding through the bases a nucleotide 18 Which of the following is not one of the four major groups of macromolecules found in living organisms? glucose carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids 19 Polymers of polysaccharides, fats, and proteins are all synthesized from monomers by which process? connecting monosaccharides together (condensation reactions) the addition of water to each monomer (hydrolysis) the removal of water (dehydration reactions) ionic bonding of the monomers the formation of disulfide bridges between monomers 10

11 Organic_hemistry_Presentation_v_1.0.notebook Fats and Lipids Other complex molecules of life re a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules re the one class of large biological molecules that do not consist of polymers Share the common trait of being hydrophobic Other complex molecules of life Fats re constructed from two types of smaller molecules, a single glycerol and usually three fatty acids Fatty acids: arboxylic acids with a very long chain of carbon atoms. Vary in the length and number and locations of double bonds they contain H2OH H2OH H2OH glycerol a fatty acid Other complex molecules of life Other complex molecules of life 3 fatty acids added to glycerol producing a fat molecule attachment of fatty acids to glycerol Lipids and Fats Other complex molecules of life Phospholipids Other complex molecules of life Saturated fatty acids Have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible Have no double bonds in their carbon chain Unsaturated fatty acids Have one or more double bonds When hydrogenated ( add more Hydrogen) they become solid and saturated Figure 5.12 Figure 5.12 (a) Saturated fat and fatty acid (b) Unsaturated fat and fatty acid Stearic acid Oleic acid cis double bond causes bending Phospholipids Have only two fatty acids Have a phosphate group instead of a third fatty acid Results in a bilayer arrangement found in cell membranes 11

12 Organic_hemistry_Presentation_v_1.0.notebook Other complex molecules of life Steroids re lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings 20 Which of the following is (are) true for the class of large biological molecules known as lipids? They are insoluble in water. They are an important constituent of cell membranes. They contain twice as much energy as an equivalent weight of polysaccharide. Only and are correct.,, and are correct. cholesterol 21 Saturated fatty acids are the predominant fatty acid in corn oil. have double bonds between carbon atoms of the fatty acids. have a higher ratio of hydrogen to carbon than do unsaturated fatty acids. are usually liquid at room temperature. are usually produced by plants. 22 The hydrogenation of vegetable oil would result in which of the following? a decrease in the number of carboncarbon double bonds in the oil (fat) molecules an increase in the number of hydrogen atoms in the oil (fat) molecule the oil (fat) being a solid at room temperature and only,, and 12

CHAPTER 3. Carbon & the Molecular Diversity of Life

CHAPTER 3. Carbon & the Molecular Diversity of Life CHAPTER 3 Carbon & the Molecular Diversity of Life Carbon: The Organic Element Compounds that are synthesized by cells and contain carbon are organic So what is inorganic? Why are carbon compounds so prevalent?

More information

1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 C 7 C 8 C

1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 C 7 C 8 C I. Carbon atoms form an enormous variety of structures A. Carbon has 4 valence electrons in the outer shell and therefore may form up to 4 covalent bonds B. Carbon tends to bond to C, H, O, N, S, and P

More information

From Atoms to Cells: Fundamental Building Blocks. Models of atoms. A chemical connection

From Atoms to Cells: Fundamental Building Blocks. Models of atoms. A chemical connection From Atoms to Cells: A chemical connection Fundamental Building Blocks Matter - all materials that occupy space & have mass Matter is composed of atoms Atom simplest form of matter not divisible into simpler

More information

INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 3.1 I can explain why carbon is unparalleled in its ability to form large, diverse molecules. Diverse molecules found in cells are composed of carbon bonded to other elements

More information

BIOCHEMISTRY. How Are Macromolecules Formed? Dehydration Synthesis or condensation reaction Polymers formed by combining monomers and removing water.

BIOCHEMISTRY. How Are Macromolecules Formed? Dehydration Synthesis or condensation reaction Polymers formed by combining monomers and removing water. BIOCHEMISTRY Organic compounds Compounds that contain carbon are called organic. Inorganic compounds do not contain carbon. Carbon has 4 electrons in outer shell. Carbon can form covalent bonds with as

More information

Macromolecules. The four groups of biomolecules or macromolecules found in living things which are essential to life are: 1. PROTEINS 1.

Macromolecules. The four groups of biomolecules or macromolecules found in living things which are essential to life are: 1. PROTEINS 1. Macromolecules The four groups of biomolecules or macromolecules found in living things which are essential to life are: 1. PROTEINS 1. CARBOHYDRATES 1. LIPIDS 1. NUCLEIC ACIDS Carbon Compounds All compounds

More information

Biology 5A Fall 2010 Macromolecules Chapter 5

Biology 5A Fall 2010 Macromolecules Chapter 5 Learning Outcomes: Macromolecules List and describe the four major classes of molecules Describe the formation of a glycosidic linkage and distinguish between monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

More information

Honors Biology Chapter 3: Macromolecules PPT Notes

Honors Biology Chapter 3: Macromolecules PPT Notes Honors Biology Chapter 3: Macromolecules PPT Notes 3.1 I can explain why carbon is unparalleled in its ability to form large, diverse molecules. Diverse molecules found in cells are composed of carbon

More information

Carbon. Isomers. The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Carbon. Isomers. The Chemical Building Blocks of Life The Chemical Building Blocks of Life Carbon Chapter 3 Framework of biological molecules consists primarily of carbon bonded to Carbon O, N, S, P or H Can form up to 4 covalent bonds Hydrocarbons molecule

More information

Chapter 3- Organic Molecules

Chapter 3- Organic Molecules Chapter 3- Organic Molecules CHNOPS Six of the most abundant elements of life (make up 95% of the weight of all living things)! What are they used for? Structures, enzymes, energy, hormones, DNA How do

More information

3.1 Carbon is Central to the Living World

3.1 Carbon is Central to the Living World BIOL 100 Ch. 3 1 3.1 Carbon is Central to the Living World Carbon Central element to life Most biological molecules are built on a carbon framework. Organic molecules Humans 18.5% Carbon Why is Carbon

More information

Macromolecules. 3. There are several levels of protein structure, the most complex of which is A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary

Macromolecules. 3. There are several levels of protein structure, the most complex of which is A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary Macromolecules 1. If you remove all of the functional groups from an organic molecule so that it has only carbon and hydrogen atoms, the molecule become a molecule. A) carbohydrate B) carbonyl C) carboxyl

More information

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids Is it made of carbohydrates? Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. A carbohydrate with 6 carbon atoms would have

More information

Large Biological Molecules Multiple Choice Review

Large Biological Molecules Multiple Choice Review New Jersey enter for Teaching and Learning Slide 1 / 43 Progressive Science Initiative This material is made freely available at www.njctl.org and is intended for the non-commercial use of students and

More information

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life. Chapter 3

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life. Chapter 3 The Chemical Building Blocks of Life Chapter 3 Biological Molecules Biological molecules consist primarily of -carbon bonded to carbon, or -carbon bonded to other molecules. Carbon can form up to 4 covalent

More information

Biological Molecules

Biological Molecules The Chemical Building Blocks of Life Chapter 3 Biological molecules consist primarily of -carbon bonded to carbon, or -carbon bonded to other molecules. Carbon can form up to 4 covalent bonds. Carbon may

More information

Biology. Slide 1 / 140. Slide 2 / 140. Large Biological Molecules. Vocabulary Slide 3 /

Biology. Slide 1 / 140. Slide 2 / 140. Large Biological Molecules. Vocabulary Slide 3 / Slide 1 / 140 Slide 2 / 140 iology Large iological Molecules 2015-08-28 www.njctl.org Vocabulary Slide 3 / 140 amino acid amphiphilic carbohydrate cellulose denaturation disaccharide N fatty acid fructose

More information

Biological Molecules

Biological Molecules Chemical Building Blocks of Life Chapter 3 Biological Molecules Biological molecules consist primarily of -carbon bonded to carbon, or -carbon bonded to other molecules. Carbon can form up to 4 covalent

More information

Chapter Three (Biochemistry)

Chapter Three (Biochemistry) Chapter Three (Biochemistry) 1 SECTION ONE: CARBON COMPOUNDS CARBON BONDING All compounds can be classified in two broad categories: organic compounds and inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are made

More information

NOTE: For studying for the final, you only have to worry about those with an asterix (*)

NOTE: For studying for the final, you only have to worry about those with an asterix (*) NOTE: For studying for the final, you only have to worry about those with an asterix (*) (*)1. An organic compound is one that: a. contains carbon b. is slightly acidic c. forms long chains d. is soluble

More information

Macromolecules. copyright cmassengale

Macromolecules. copyright cmassengale Macromolecules 1 Organic Compounds Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic. Macromolecules are large organic molecules. 2 Carbon (C) Carbon has 4 electrons in outer shell. Carbon can form covalent

More information

Organic Compounds. Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic. Macromolecules are large organic molecules.

Organic Compounds. Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic. Macromolecules are large organic molecules. Macromolecules Organic Compounds Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic. Macromolecules are large organic molecules. Carbon (C) Carbon has 4 electrons in outer shell. Carbon can form covalent

More information

Lesson 2. Biological Molecules. Introduction to Life Processes - SCI 102 1

Lesson 2. Biological Molecules. Introduction to Life Processes - SCI 102 1 Lesson 2 Biological Molecules Introduction to Life Processes - SCI 102 1 Carbon in Biological Molecules Organic molecules contain carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) Example: glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) Inorganic

More information

What are the molecules of life?

What are the molecules of life? Molecules of Life What are the molecules of life? Organic Compounds Complex Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Organic Compounds Carbon- hydrogen based molecules From Structure to Function Ø Carbon

More information

Biological Molecules. Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids

Biological Molecules. Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids Biological Molecules Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids Organic Molecules Always contain Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H) Carbon is missing four electrons Capable of forming 4 covalent bonds

More information

Organic molecules are molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen.

Organic molecules are molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen. Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry Introduction Organic molecules are molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen. All living things contain these organic molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic

More information

Organic Chemistry. Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds. Biochemistry is the study of carbon compounds that crawl.

Organic Chemistry. Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds. Biochemistry is the study of carbon compounds that crawl. Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds. Biochemistry is the study of carbon compounds that crawl. Organic Compounds - have carbon bonded to other atoms and determine structure/function

More information

Many of the compounds we are concerned with in biology are carbon-based compounds The study of carbon-based compounds is called organic chemistry

Many of the compounds we are concerned with in biology are carbon-based compounds The study of carbon-based compounds is called organic chemistry 1 2 3 4 Bio 1101 Lecture 3 Chapter 3: Molecules of Life Organic Molecules Many of the compounds we are concerned with in biology are carbon-based compounds The study of carbon-based compounds is called

More information

Unit #2: Biochemistry

Unit #2: Biochemistry Unit #2: Biochemistry STRUCTURE & FUNCTION OF FOUR MACROMOLECULES What are the four main biomolecules? How is each biomolecule structured? What are their roles in life? Where do we find them in our body?

More information

All living things are mostly composed of 4 elements: H, O, N, C honk Compounds are broken down into 2 general categories: Inorganic Compounds:

All living things are mostly composed of 4 elements: H, O, N, C honk Compounds are broken down into 2 general categories: Inorganic Compounds: Biochemistry Organic Chemistry All living things are mostly composed of 4 elements: H, O, N, C honk Compounds are broken down into 2 general categories: Inorganic Compounds: Do not contain carbon Organic

More information

Biology: Life on Earth Chapter 3 Molecules of life

Biology: Life on Earth Chapter 3 Molecules of life Biology: Life on Earth Chapter 3 Molecules of life Chapter 3 Outline 3.1 Why Is Carbon So Important in Biological Molecules? p. 38 3.2 How Are Organic Molecules Synthesized? p. 38 3.3 What Are Carbohydrates?

More information

The Carbon Atom (cont.)

The Carbon Atom (cont.) Organic Molecules Organic Chemistry The chemistry of the living world. Organic Molecule a molecule containing carbon and hydrogen Carbon has 4 electrons in its outer shell and can share electrons with

More information

In any solution, a scientist can talk about the concentration of the atoms that are dissolved in the solvent.

In any solution, a scientist can talk about the concentration of the atoms that are dissolved in the solvent. Acids and Bases Acids and Bases In any solution, a scientist can talk about the concentration of the atoms that are dissolved in the solvent. i.e. Salt water is an example of Na + and Cl - in a solution

More information

Chapter 2 pt 2. Atoms, Molecules, and Life. Gregory Ahearn. John Crocker. Including the lecture Materials of

Chapter 2 pt 2. Atoms, Molecules, and Life. Gregory Ahearn. John Crocker. Including the lecture Materials of Chapter 2 pt 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Life Including the lecture Materials of Gregory Ahearn University of North Florida with amendments and additions by John Crocker Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc..

More information

Organic Molecules. 8/27/2004 Mr. Davenport 1

Organic Molecules. 8/27/2004 Mr. Davenport 1 Organic Molecules 8/27/2004 Mr. Davenport 1 Carbohydrates Commonly called sugars and starches Consist of C, H, O with H:O ration 2:1 Usually classified as to sugar units Monosaccharide are single sugar

More information

small molecules that make up larger molecules organic compound made up of sugar molecules sugar that contains one sugar unit

small molecules that make up larger molecules organic compound made up of sugar molecules sugar that contains one sugar unit organic molecule carbon based compound inorganic molecule hydrocarbon functional group hydrophilic NON-carbon based compound organic molecule made of only carbon and hydrogen group of atoms bonded to a

More information

Activity: Biologically Important Molecules

Activity: Biologically Important Molecules Activity: Biologically Important Molecules AP Biology Introduction We have already seen in our study of biochemistry that the molecules that comprise living things are carbon-based, and that they are thought

More information

Chapter 3 The Molecules of Life

Chapter 3 The Molecules of Life Chapter 3 The Molecules of Life State Standards Standard 1.h. Standard 5.a. Standard 4.e. Organic Molecules A cell is mostly water. The rest of the cell consists mostly of carbon based molecules organic

More information

Unit 3: Chemistry of Life Mr. Nagel Meade High School

Unit 3: Chemistry of Life Mr. Nagel Meade High School Unit 3: Chemistry of Life Mr. Nagel Meade High School IB Syllabus Statements 3.2.1 Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds. 3.2.2 Identify amino acids, glucose, ribose and fatty acids from

More information

Macromolecules. Note: If you have not taken Chemistry 11 (or if you ve forgotten some of it), read the Chemistry Review Notes on your own.

Macromolecules. Note: If you have not taken Chemistry 11 (or if you ve forgotten some of it), read the Chemistry Review Notes on your own. Macromolecules Note: If you have not taken Chemistry 11 (or if you ve forgotten some of it), read the Chemistry Review Notes on your own. Macromolecules are giant molecules made up of thousands or hundreds

More information

Unit One. Karen Webb Smith. URLs to print and study for this chapter

Unit One. Karen Webb Smith. URLs to print and study for this chapter 2 URLs to print and study for this chapter This site covers information on carbohydrates, fats, & proteins. It also discusses cholesterol. Explore it all. http://home.howstuffworks.com/food.htm Carbohydrates.

More information

Most life processes are a series of chemical reactions influenced by environmental and genetic factors.

Most life processes are a series of chemical reactions influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Biochemistry II Most life processes are a series of chemical reactions influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Metabolism the sum of all biochemical processes 2 Metabolic Processes Anabolism-

More information

Macro molecule = is all the reactions that take place in cells, the sum of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism Anabolism:

Macro molecule = is all the reactions that take place in cells, the sum of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism Anabolism: Macromolecule Macro molecule = molecule that is built up from smaller units The smaller single subunits that make up macromolecules are known as Joining two or more single units together form a M is all

More information

Good Afternoon! 11/30/18

Good Afternoon! 11/30/18 Good Afternoon! 11/30/18 1. The term polar refers to a molecule that. A. Is cold B. Has two of the same charges C. Has two opposing charges D. Contains a hydrogen bond 2. Electrons on a water molecule

More information

5.2 Lipids 5.21 Triglycerides 5.22 Phospholipids 5.23 Wax 5.24 Steroids. 5.3 Proteins 5.4 Nucleic Acids

5.2 Lipids 5.21 Triglycerides 5.22 Phospholipids 5.23 Wax 5.24 Steroids. 5.3 Proteins 5.4 Nucleic Acids BIOCHEMISTRY Class Notes Summary Table of Contents 1.0 Inorganic and Organic Compounds 2.0 Monomers and Polymers 3.0 Dehydration (Condensation) Synthesis 4.0 Hydrolysis Reaction 5.0 Organic Compounds 5.1

More information

Learning Objectives. Learning Objectives (cont.) Chapter 3: Organic Chemistry 1. Lectures by Tariq Alalwan, Ph.D.

Learning Objectives. Learning Objectives (cont.) Chapter 3: Organic Chemistry 1. Lectures by Tariq Alalwan, Ph.D. Biology, 10e Sylvia Mader Lectures by Tariq Alalwan, Ph.D. Learning Objectives List the features of carbon that result in the diversity of organic molecules. Describe how macromolecules are assembled and

More information

Bio 12 Important Organic Compounds: Biological Molecules NOTES Name:

Bio 12 Important Organic Compounds: Biological Molecules NOTES Name: Bio 12 Important Organic Compounds: Biological Molecules NOTES Name: Many molecules of life are.(means many molecules joined together) Monomers: that exist individually Polymers: Large organic molecules

More information

Composed of long chains of smaller molecules Macromolecules are formed through the process of polymerization

Composed of long chains of smaller molecules Macromolecules are formed through the process of polymerization Chapter 5, Campbell Composed of long chains of smaller molecules Macromolecules are formed through the process of polymerization. Polymerization = large compounds are built by joining smaller ones together

More information

Details of Organic Chem! Date. Carbon & The Molecular Diversity of Life & The Structure & Function of Macromolecules

Details of Organic Chem! Date. Carbon & The Molecular Diversity of Life & The Structure & Function of Macromolecules Details of Organic Chem! Date Carbon & The Molecular Diversity of Life & The Structure & Function of Macromolecules Functional Groups, I Attachments that replace one or more of the hydrogens bonded to

More information

Campbell Biology in Focus (Urry) Chapter 3 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life. 3.1 Multiple-Choice Questions

Campbell Biology in Focus (Urry) Chapter 3 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life. 3.1 Multiple-Choice Questions Test Bank for Campbell Biology in Focus 1st Edition by Urry Full Download: https://downloadlink.org/p/test-bank-for-campbell-biology-in-focus-1st-edition-by-urry/ Campbell Biology in Focus (Urry) Chapter

More information

Macromolecules Carbohydrates A COMPLEX COLORING EXPERIENCE

Macromolecules Carbohydrates A COMPLEX COLORING EXPERIENCE Macromolecules Carbohydrates A COMPLEX COLORING EXPERIENCE Name: Per: Date: All plants, animals and microorganisms use carbohydrates as sources of energy. Carbohydrates are also used as structural building

More information

Biomolecules. Unit 3

Biomolecules. Unit 3 Biomolecules Unit 3 Atoms Elements Compounds Periodic Table What are biomolecules? Monomers vs Polymers Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Minerals Vitamins Enzymes Triglycerides Chemical Reactions

More information

The Building blocks of life. Macromolecules

The Building blocks of life. Macromolecules The Building blocks of life Macromolecules 1 copyright cmassengale 2 Organic Compounds Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic. Macromolecules are large organic molecules. 3 LIFE ON EARTH IS CARBON-BASED

More information

Chapter 3. The Molecules of Cells. Lecture by Richard L. Myers

Chapter 3. The Molecules of Cells. Lecture by Richard L. Myers Chapter 3 The Molecules of Cells PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts & Connections, Sixth Edition Campbell, Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture by Richard

More information

A. Lipids: Water-Insoluble Molecules

A. Lipids: Water-Insoluble Molecules Biological Substances found in Living Tissues Lecture Series 3 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function A. Lipids: Water-Insoluble Lipids can form large biological molecules, but these aggregations

More information

INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. Introduction: Got Lactose? The Molecules of Cells. Most of the world s population cannot digest milkbased

INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. Introduction: Got Lactose? The Molecules of Cells. Most of the world s population cannot digest milkbased Chapter 3 The Molecules of Cells Introduction: Got Lactose? Most of the world s population cannot digest milkbased foods They are lactose intolerant, because they lack the enzyme lactase This illustrates

More information

Water Carbon Macromolecules

Water Carbon Macromolecules Water Carbon Macromolecules I. CHEMISTRY: THE BASIS FOR LIFE Hydrogen bond Hydrogen bonds happen mainly between water molecules. The electrons between hydrogen and the other atoms are shared unequally

More information

6/15/2015. Biological Molecules. Outline. Organic Compounds. Organic Compounds - definition Functional Groups Biological Molecules. What is organic?

6/15/2015. Biological Molecules. Outline. Organic Compounds. Organic Compounds - definition Functional Groups Biological Molecules. What is organic? Biological Molecules Biology 105 Lecture 3 Reading: Chapter 2 (pages 29 39) Outline Organic Compounds - definition Functional Groups Biological Molecules Carbohydrates Lipids Amino Acids and Proteins Nucleotides

More information

All living things are mostly composed of 4 elements: H, O, N, C honk Compounds are broken down into 2 general categories: Inorganic Compounds:

All living things are mostly composed of 4 elements: H, O, N, C honk Compounds are broken down into 2 general categories: Inorganic Compounds: Organic Chemistry All living things are mostly composed of 4 elements: H, O, N, C honk Compounds are broken down into 2 general categories: Inorganic Compounds: Do not contain carbon Organic compounds

More information

Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life Part 2

Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life Part 2 Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life Part 2 Carbohydrates are Polymers of Monosaccharides Three different ways to represent a monosaccharide Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are sugars and starches and provide

More information

I. Polymers & Macromolecules Figure 1: Polymers. Polymer: Macromolecule: Figure 2: Polymerization via Dehydration Synthesis

I. Polymers & Macromolecules Figure 1: Polymers. Polymer: Macromolecule: Figure 2: Polymerization via Dehydration Synthesis I. Polymers & Macromolecules Figure 1: Polymers Polymer: Macromolecule: Figure 2: Polymerization via Dehydration Synthesis 1 Dehydration Synthesis: Figure 3: Depolymerization via Hydrolysis Hydrolysis:

More information

BIOMOLECULES. (AKA MACROMOLECULES) Name: Block:

BIOMOLECULES. (AKA MACROMOLECULES) Name: Block: BIOMOLECULES (AKA MACROMOLECULES) Name: Block: BIOMOLECULES POGIL All living things share the same chemical building blocks and depend on chemical processes for survival. Life without carbon (C) would

More information

Large Biological Molecules

Large Biological Molecules Large_iological_Molecules_Presentation 2013 08 30.notebook New Jersey enter for Teaching and Learning Progressive Science Initiative This material is made freely available at www.njctl.org and is intended

More information

Lecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function

Lecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function Lecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function Reading Assignments Read Chapter 4 (Protein structure & Function) Biological Substances found in Living Tissues The big four in terms of macromolecules

More information

The Atoms of Life. What are other elements would you expect to be on this list? Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorous Sulfur (sometimes)

The Atoms of Life. What are other elements would you expect to be on this list? Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorous Sulfur (sometimes) Macromolecules The Atoms of Life The most frequently found atoms in the body are Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorous Sulfur (sometimes) What are other elements would you expect to be on this list?

More information

Introduction to Macromolecules. If you were to look at the nutrition label of whole milk, what main items stick out?

Introduction to Macromolecules. If you were to look at the nutrition label of whole milk, what main items stick out? Introduction to Macromolecules Macromolecules are a set of molecules that are found in living organisms. Macromolecules essentially mean big molecules as the word macro means large. The functions of these

More information

Chemistry of Carbon. All living things rely on one particular type of molecule: carbon

Chemistry of Carbon. All living things rely on one particular type of molecule: carbon Ach Chemistry of Carbon All living things rely on one particular type of molecule: carbon Carbon atom with an outer shell of four electrons can form covalent bonds with four atoms. In organic molecules,

More information

The building blocks of life.

The building blocks of life. The building blocks of life. The 4 Major Organic Biomolecules The large molecules (biomolecules OR polymers) are formed when smaller building blocks (monomers) bond covalently. via anabolism Small molecules

More information

Lecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function

Lecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function Lecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function Reading Assignments Read Chapter 4 (Protein structure & Function) Biological Substances found in Living Tissues The big four in terms of macromolecules

More information

Organic Compounds. Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic. Macromolecules are large organic molecules.

Organic Compounds. Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic. Macromolecules are large organic molecules. Macromolecules 1 Organic Compounds Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic. Macromolecules are large organic molecules. 2 Carbon (C) Carbon has 4 electrons in outer shell. Carbon can form covalent

More information

A. Structure and Function 1. Carbon a. Forms four (4) covalent bonds linked together in chains or rings Forms skeleton of basic biochemicals b.

A. Structure and Function 1. Carbon a. Forms four (4) covalent bonds linked together in chains or rings Forms skeleton of basic biochemicals b. Biochemistry 2 A. Structure and Function 1. arbon a. Forms four (4) covalent bonds linked together in chains or rings Forms skeleton of basic biochemicals b. in three dimensions (3D) Diagrams in 2D may

More information

Chp 2 (cont.) Organic Molecules. Spider s web and close up of capture strand - spider silk protein

Chp 2 (cont.) Organic Molecules. Spider s web and close up of capture strand - spider silk protein Chp 2 (cont.) Organic Molecules Spider s web and close up of capture strand - spider silk protein 1! Molecular Diversity is Based on Carbon An organic molecule contains both carbon and hydrogen. Ex: Methane

More information

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules CARBON BASED MOLECULES

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules CARBON BASED MOLECULES CARBON BASED MOLECULES KEY CONCEPTS Carbon-based molecules are the foundation of life. Lipids are one class of organic molecules. This group includes fats, oils, waxes, and steroids. Lipids are made of

More information

Macromolecules. Molecules of Life

Macromolecules. Molecules of Life Macromolecules Molecules of Life Learning Objectives know the difference between a dehydration synthesis reaction and a hydrolysis reaction know the different types of biological macromolecules be able

More information

Carbon Compounds. The Chemistry of Carbon

Carbon Compounds. The Chemistry of Carbon arbon ompounds TINK ABUT IT In the early 00s, many chemists called the compounds created by organisms organic, believing they were fundamentally different from compounds in nonliving things. Today we understand

More information

Macromolecules. Honors Biology

Macromolecules. Honors Biology Macromolecules onors Biology 1 The building materials of the body are known as macromolecules because they can be very large There are four types of macromolecules: 1. Proteins 2. Nucleic acids 3. arbohydrates

More information

Carbon Compounds. Lesson Overview. Lesson Overview. 2.3 Carbon Compounds

Carbon Compounds. Lesson Overview. Lesson Overview. 2.3 Carbon Compounds Lesson Overview Carbon Compounds Lesson Overview 2.3 THINK ABOUT IT In the early 1800s, many chemists called the compounds created by organisms organic, believing they were fundamentally different from

More information

Biochemistry Macromolecules and Enzymes. Unit 02

Biochemistry Macromolecules and Enzymes. Unit 02 Biochemistry Macromolecules and Enzymes Unit 02 Organic Compounds Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic. What is Carbon? Carbon has 4 electrons in outer shell. Carbon can form covalent bonds

More information

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules Chapter 5 The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley

More information

General Chemistry. Ch. 10

General Chemistry. Ch. 10 General Chemistry Ch. 10 Essentials of Organic Chemistry Most biological important molecules are composed of organic compounds. These are mostly produced by biological systems. Organic molecules contain

More information

Chapter 5 THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF LARGE BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES

Chapter 5 THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF LARGE BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES Chapter 5 THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF LARGE BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES You Must Know The role of dehydration synthesis in the formation of organic compounds and hydrolysis in the digestion of organic compounds.

More information

Compounds of Life Biological Molecules

Compounds of Life Biological Molecules Compounds of Life Biological Molecules By Joseph A. Castellano, Ph.D. RESEED Silicon Valley Reference: Focus on Physical Science, Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, Columbus, Ohio, 2007, Pages 438-442. This textbook

More information

Lecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function

Lecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function Lecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function Reading Assignments Read Chapter 4 (Protein structure & Function) Biological Substances found in Living Tissues The big four in terms of macromolecules

More information

Chapter 3 Guided Reading Notes Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Chapter 3 Guided Reading Notes Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life AP Biology Name: Block Chapter 3 Guided Reading Notes Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life Most of this chapter is new material. We will discuss it all in detail. Section 1 1. Make an electron distribution

More information

Lesson Overview. Carbon Compounds. Lesson Overview. 2.3 Carbon Compounds

Lesson Overview. Carbon Compounds. Lesson Overview. 2.3 Carbon Compounds Lesson Overview 2.3 The Chemistry of Carbon What elements does carbon bond with to make up life s molecules? Carbon can bond with many elements, including Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Nitrogen

More information

Biology. Organic Chemistry, Hydrocarbons. Slide 1 / 140 Slide 2 / 140. Slide 4 / 140. Slide 3 / 140. Slide 5 / 140. Slide 6 / 140

Biology. Organic Chemistry, Hydrocarbons. Slide 1 / 140 Slide 2 / 140. Slide 4 / 140. Slide 3 / 140. Slide 5 / 140. Slide 6 / 140 Slide 1 / 140 Slide 2 / 140 iology Large iological Molecules 2015-08-28 www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 140 Slide 4 / 140 Vocabulary Large iological Molecules Unit Topics amino acid monosaccharide secondary structure

More information

Study Guide Chapter 5 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question

Study Guide Chapter 5 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question Study Guide Chapter 5 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question 1) What type of covalent bond between amino acid side chains (R groups) functions

More information

Chapter 5 Structure and Function Of Large Biomolecules

Chapter 5 Structure and Function Of Large Biomolecules Formation of Macromolecules Monomers Polymers Macromolecules Smaller larger Chapter 5 Structure and Function Of Large Biomolecules monomer: single unit dimer: two monomers polymer: three or more monomers

More information

3. Hydrogen bonds form between which atoms? Between an electropositive hydrogen and an electronegative N, O or F.

3. Hydrogen bonds form between which atoms? Between an electropositive hydrogen and an electronegative N, O or F. Chemistry of Life Answers 1. Differentiate between an ionic and covalent bond. Provide an example for each. Ionic: occurs between metals and non-metals, e.g., NaCl Covalent: occurs between two non-metals;

More information

Chapter Sections: 3.1 Carbon s Place in the Living World 3.2 Functional Groups 3.3 Carbohydrates 3.4 Lipids 3.5 Proteins 3.

Chapter Sections: 3.1 Carbon s Place in the Living World 3.2 Functional Groups 3.3 Carbohydrates 3.4 Lipids 3.5 Proteins 3. Chapter Sections: 3.1 Carbon s Place in the Living World 3.2 Functional Groups 3.3 Carbohydrates 3.4 Lipids 3.5 Proteins 3.6 Nucleic Acids Student Goals: By the end of this lecture series, students should

More information

Chapter 15 An Introduction to Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Synthetic Polymers. An Introduction to Chemistry by Mark Bishop

Chapter 15 An Introduction to Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Synthetic Polymers. An Introduction to Chemistry by Mark Bishop Chapter 15 An Introduction to Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Synthetic Polymers An Introduction to Chemistry by Mark Bishop Chapter Map Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon-based

More information

2 3 Carbon Compounds Slide 1 of 37

2 3 Carbon Compounds Slide 1 of 37 1 of 37 The Chemistry of Carbon The Chemistry of Carbon Organic chemistry is the study of all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms. Carbon atoms have four valence electrons that can join with

More information

WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?

WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? CHAPTER 2 FUNDAMENTAL CHEMISTRY FOR MICROBIOLOGY WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? An understanding of chemistry is essential to understand cellular structure and function, which are paramount for your understanding

More information

CARBOHYDRATES. Produce energy for living things Atoms? Monomer Examples? Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in 1:2:1 ratio.

CARBOHYDRATES. Produce energy for living things Atoms? Monomer Examples? Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in 1:2:1 ratio. CARBOHYDRATES Produce energy for living things Atoms? Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in 1:2:1 ratio Monomer Examples? Sugars, starches MONOSACCHARIDES--- main source of energy for cells Glucose Know formula?

More information

Recap: A little chemistry helps to understand a lot of biology

Recap: A little chemistry helps to understand a lot of biology Recap: A little chemistry helps to understand a lot of biology Covalent Bonds Polar and Non-Polar Electronegativity is key! Non-covalent bonds: Intra and inter molecular interactions Hydrogen Bonds Ionic

More information

The Structure and Function of Macromolecules

The Structure and Function of Macromolecules The Structure and Function of Macromolecules I. Polymers What is a polymer? Poly = many; mer = part. A polymer is a large molecule consisting of many smaller sub-units bonded together. What is a monomer?

More information

General Biology 1004 Chapter 3 Lecture Handout, Summer 2005 Dr. Frisby

General Biology 1004 Chapter 3 Lecture Handout, Summer 2005 Dr. Frisby Slide 1 CHAPTER 3 The Molecules of Life PowerPoint Lecture Slides for Essential Biology, Second Edition & Essential Biology with Physiology Presentation prepared by Chris C. Romero Copyright 2004 Pearson

More information

Name Sec.. Score. 1. (4) Describe reasons why carbon is the atom of choice for macromolecules?

Name Sec.. Score. 1. (4) Describe reasons why carbon is the atom of choice for macromolecules? Name Sec.. Score. Purpose The clear understanding of the principles of Organic Chemistry leads to a stronger foundation in being able to explain the processes found in biology. Completing this assignment

More information