Chapter 17 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, and Amides Prepared by Andrea D. Leonard University of Louisiana at Lafayette
|
|
- Regina Wheeler
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 17 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, and Amides Prepared by Andrea D. Leonard University of Louisiana at Lafayette Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
2 Structure and Bonding Carboxylic acids are organic compounds containing a COOH (carboxyl) group. General structure: Example: Carboxylic acids are abbreviated as RCOOH or RCO 2 H.
3 Structure and Bonding Esters are carbonyl compounds that contain an OR (alkoxy) group bonded to the carbonyl C atom. General structure: Example: Esters are abbreviated as RCOOR or RCO 2 R.
4 Structure and Bonding Amides are carbonyl compounds that contain a N atom bonded to the carbonyl C. General structure A primary (1 o ) amide contains 1 C N bond. It is abbreviated as RCONH 2. A secondary (2 o ) amide contains 2 C N bonds. It is abbreviated as RCONHR. A tertiary (3 o ) amide contains 3 C N bonds. It is abbreviated as RCONR 2.
5 Structure and Bonding A cyclic ester is called a lactone: A cyclic amide is called a lactam:
6 Structure and Bonding Carboxylic acids, esters, and amides all contain an acyl (RCO) group bonded to a N or O atom.
7 Nomenclature A. Naming a Carboxylic Acid (RCOOH) To name a carboxylic acid using the IUPAC system: Find the longest chain containing the COOH group. Change the -e ending of the parent alkane to -oic acid. Number the chain to put the COOH group at C1, but omit 1 from the name. Apply all other nomenclature rules. 7
8 Nomenclature A. Naming a Carboxylic Acid (RCOOH) Sample Problem 17.1 Write the IUPAC name of the following carboxylic acid 8
9 Nomenclature A. Naming a Carboxylic Acid (RCOOH) Sample Problem 17.1 [1] Find and name the longest chain containing COOH. 9
10 Nomenclature A. Naming a Carboxylic Acid (RCOOH) Sample Problem 17.1 [2] Number and name the substituents, making sure the COOH group is at C1. 10
11 Nomenclature A. Naming a Carboxylic Acid (RCOOH) Many simple carboxylic acids are referred to by their common names: formic acid (methanoic acid) acetic acid (ethanoic acid) benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid)
12 Nomenclature A. Naming a Carboxylic Acid (RCOOH) The carbon adjacent to the COOH is called the (alpha) carbon. The carbon bonded to the a carbon is the b (beta) carbon.
13 Nomenclature B. Naming an Ester (RCOOR ) HOW TO Name an Ester Using the IUPAC System Example Give a IUPAC name for the ester: Step [1] Name the R group bonded to the O atom as an alkyl group.
14 Nomenclature B. Naming an Ester (RCOOR ) HOW TO Name an Ester Using the IUPAC System Step [2] Name the acyl group (RCO-) by: changing the -ic acid ending of the parent carboxylic acid to -ate. this becomes the second part of the name
15 Nomenclature C. Naming an Amide All 1 o amides are named by replacing the -oic acid ending of the parent carboxylic acid with -amide.
16 Nomenclature C. Naming an Amide HOW TO Name an 2 o or 3 o Amide Example Give a systematic name for each amide.
17 Nomenclature C. Naming an Amide HOW TO Name an 2 o or 3 o Amide Step [1] Name the alkyl groups bonded to the N atom. Use the prefix N- preceding the name.
18 Nomenclature C. Naming an Amide HOW TO Name an 2 o or 3 o Amide Step [2] Name the acyl group with the suffix -amide. Answer: N-ethylformamide Answer: N,N-Dimethylbenzamide
19 Physical Properties Carboxylic acids, esters, and amides are all polar compounds. Only carboxylic acids and 1 o and 2 o amides can undergo intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
20 Physical Properties Carboxylic acids have higher boiling points than similar alcohols because there are more hydrogen bonding interactions possible than alcohols.
21 Physical Properties Carboxylic acids also have higher boiling points than esters because esters are incapable of intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
22 Physical Properties 1 o and 2 o amides have higher boiling points than 3 o amides and esters because of intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
23 Interesting Carboxylic Acids A. Skin Care Products Several skin care products purported to smooth fine lines contain a-hydroxy acids. These acids work by removing the outer, older layer of skin cells, revealing the healthier looking, new cells underneath.
24 Interesting Carboxylic Acids B. Focus on Health & Medicine Three common pain relievers that are also antiinflammatory agents contain a carboxyl group: aspirin ibuprofen naproxen
25 Interesting Esters and Amides Many low molecular weight esters have pleasant odors:
26 Interesting Esters and Amides The amide melatonin is thought to induce sleep because its production is increased by the body during the evening.
27 The Acidity of Carboxylic Acids Carboxylic acids are proton (H + ) donors: They are weak acids compared to inorganic acids like HCl or H 2 SO 4. Only a small percentage of a carboxylic acid is ionized in aqueous solution.
28 The Acidity of Carboxylic Acids A. Reaction with Bases Carboxylic acids react with bases such as NaOH to form water-soluble salts. The carboxylic acid donates the proton to the base, OH, which accepts it.
29 The Acidity of Carboxylic Acids B. Carboxylate Anions Salts of Carboxylic Acids To name the metal salts of carboxylate ions, put the three pieces below together: O CH 3 C O Na + O CH 3 CH 2 C O K + sodium acetate potassium propanoate
30 The Conversion of Carboxylic Acids to Esters and Amides Carboxylic acids react with alcohols to form esters. The OR group replaces the OH group.
31 The Conversion of Carboxylic Acids to Esters and Amides Carboxylic acids react with ammonia to form amides. The NH 2 group replaces the OH group.
32 The Conversion of Carboxylic Acids A. Ester Formation Formation of an ester is done by the Fisher esterification:
33 The Conversion of Carboxylic Acids A. Ester Formation The Fisher esterification is an equilibrium process. According to Le Châtelier s principle, the reaction is driven to the right by: 1. using excess alcohol 2. removing the water as it is formed
34 The Conversion of Carboxylic Acids B. Amide Formation Heating a carboxylic acid with ammonia (NH 3 ) or an amine (R NH 2 or R 2 NH) forms an amide.
35 The Conversion of Carboxylic Acids B. Amide Formation The identity of the N-compound determines the type of amide formed. Reaction with NH 3 forms a 1 o amide (RCONH 2 ).
36 The Conversion of Carboxylic Acids B. Amide Formation Reaction with R NH 2 forms a 2 o amide (RCONHR ).
37 The Conversion of Carboxylic Acids B. Amide Formation Reaction with R 2 NH forms a 3 o amide (RCONR 2 ).
38 Hydrolysis of Esters and Amides A. Ester Hydrolysis An ester reacts with water to form a carboxylic acid and an alcohol; this is a hydrolysis reaction. The OH group replaces the OR group.
39 Hydrolysis of Esters and Amides A. Ester Hydrolysis An example of ester hydrolysis using an acid catalyst: The equilibrium is driven to the right by using a large amount of water.
40 Hydrolysis of Esters and Amides A. Ester Hydrolysis An example of ester hydrolysis using an aqueous base, called saponification: This basic hydrolysis forms the carboxylate anion rather than the carboxylic acid product.
41 Hydrolysis of Esters and Amides B. Amide Hydrolysis Treatment of an amide with water in the presence of an acid catalyst (HCl) forms a carboxylic acid and an amine salt.
42 Hydrolysis of Esters and Amides B. Amide Hydrolysis Amides are also hydrolyzed in aqueous base to form carboxylate anions and amines.
43 Hydrolysis of Esters and Amides C. Focus on Health & Medicine Triacylglycerols, common naturally occurring esters, contain three ester groups, each with a long C chain. They are lipids, water insoluble organic compounds, present in fats and oils.
44 Synthetic Polymers Fibers like wool and silk obtained from animals are proteins joined together by many amide linkages. Two common classes of synthetic polymers are polyamides and polyesters.
45 Synthetic Polymers A. Nylon A Polyamide Nylon is a condensation polymer, formed when two monomers come together, releasing water.
46 Synthetic Polymers B. Polyesters The most common polyester is polyethylene terephthalate (PET) used for materials Dacron and Mylar and in making plastic soft drink bottles. PET is easily and cheaply made and forms strong stable materials. PET with ester bonds drawn in red.
Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry CHEM 109 For Students of Health Colleges Credit hrs.: (2+1)
Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry CHEM 109 For Students of Health Colleges Credit hrs.: (2+1) King Saud University College of Science, Chemistry Department CHEM 109 CHAPTER 7. CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND THEIR
More information1/3/2011. Chapter 17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives. Nucleophilic Addition- Elimination at the Acyl Carbon
Introduction The carboxyl group (-CO 2 H) is the parent group of a family of compounds called acyl compounds or carboxylic acid derivatives Chapter 17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives. Nucleophilic
More information10. CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES 10.1 Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids 10.2 Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids 10.
BOOKS 1) Organic Chemistry Structure and Function, K. Peter C. Vollhardt, Neil Schore, 6th Edition 2) Organic Chemistry, T. W. Graham Solomons, Craig B. Fryhle 3) Organic Chemistry: A Short Course, H.
More informationCarboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives. Chapter 17. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives
Chapter 17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives Chapter 17 suggested problems: 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 52, 54, 56, 62, 64, 66, 70 Class Notes I. Carboxylic acids (organic acids) and their derivatives A.
More informationChapter 10. Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives. Naming Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives. Carboxylic Acids: RCOOH (RCO 2 H)
Chapter 10 Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives Naming Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives Carboxylic Acids: RCH (RC 2 H) The functional group of a carboxylic acid is a carboxyl group (carbonyl & hydroxyl group)
More informationCarboxylic Acids. The Importance of Carboxylic Acids (RCO 2 H)
Carboxylic Acids The Importance of Carboxylic Acids (RCO 2 H) Starting materials for acyl derivatives (esters, amides, and acid chlorides) Abundant in nature from oxidation of aldehydes and alcohols in
More informationPrelab 6: Carboxylic Acids
The Structure of Carboxylic Acids Prelab 6: Carboxylic Acids Carboxylic acids contain a carboxyl functional group attached to a hydrocarbon (alkyl group) part. Carboxyl groups contain both a carbonyl group,
More informationChapter 18. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives. Nucleophilic Addition-Elimination at the Acyl Carbon
Chapter 18 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives. Nucleophilic Addition-Elimination at the Acyl Carbon Carboxylic Acids Organic compounds characterized by their acidity Contains COOH group (must be at
More informationChapter 18 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives. Nucleophilic Addition- Elimination at the Acyl Carbon
Chapter 18 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives. Nucleophilic Addition- Elimination at the Acyl Carbon Introduction The carboxyl group (-CO 2 H) is the parent group of a family of compounds called acyl
More informationCarboxylic Acids and Nitriles. Chapters 20, 21 Organic Chemistry, 8th Edition John McMurry
Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles Chapters 20, 21 Organic Chemistry, 8th Edition John McMurry 1 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 2 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives nitrile R = CH 3 acetonitrile 3 Structure and Bonding
More informationChapter 20: Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles شیمی آلی 2
Chapter 20: Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles شیمی آلی 2 Dr M. Mehrdad University of Guilan, Department of Chemistry, Rasht, Iran m-mehrdad@guilan.ac.ir Based on McMurry s Organic Chemistry, 7 th edition The
More informationEXPERIMENT 8 (Organic Chemistry II) Carboxylic Acids Reactions and Derivatives
EXPERIMENT 8 (rganic Chemistry II) Carboxylic Acids Reactions and Derivatives Pahlavan/Cherif Materials Medium test tubes (6) Test tube rack Beakers (50, 150, 400 ml) Ice Hot plate Graduated cylinders
More informationA. Carboxylic acid functional groups contain the carboxyl structural feature. 1. Features of the carboxyl group
Chapter 17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives Chem 306 Roper I. Overview A. Carboxylic acid functional groups contain the carboxyl structural feature. 1. Features of the carboxyl group 2. The reactivity
More informationA carboxylic acid is an organic compound that contains a carboxyl group, COOH
1.6 Carboxylic Acids, Esters and Fats Carboxylic Acids A carboxylic acid is an organic compound that contains a carboxyl group, COOH These compounds are weak acids. Citrus fruits, crabapples, rhubarb,
More informationORGANIC CHEMISTRY Serkan SAYINER, DVM PhD. Assist. Prof.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Serkan SAYINER, DVM PhD. Assist. Prof. Near East University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry serkan.sayiner@neu.edu.tr Compounds Containing a C=O (Carbonyl)
More informationCarboxylic Acids and Esters
24 Carboxylic Acids and Esters The sour tang in fruit juice comes from carboxylic acids. Introduction to General, Organic, and Biochemistry, 10e John Wiley & Sons, Inc Morris Hein, Scott Pattison, and
More informationCarboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Deriva3ves. Nucleophilic Acyl Subs0tu0on (Addi0on- Elimina0on)
Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Deriva3ves Nucleophilic Acyl Subs0tu0on (Addi0on- Elimina0on) 1 Carboxylic Compounds Acyl group bonded to X, an electronega3ve atom or leaving group Includes: X = halide
More informationCh14. Carboxylic Acids. Combining the hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups. To make more powerful functional groups. version 1.
Ch14 Carboxylic Acids Combining the hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups. To make more powerful functional groups. version 1.0 Nick DeMello, PhD. 2007-2015 Ch14 Carboxylic Acids & Esters Carboxylic
More informationCarboxylic Acid Derivatives: Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions Dr. Ayad Kareem Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Collage of Pharmacy Al-Mustansiriyah University (2017-2018). Closely related
More informationChemistry Chapter 19
hemistry 2100 hapter 19 arboxyl Derivatives In this chapter, we study three classes of compounds derived from carboxylic acids; anhydrides, esters, and amides. Each is related to a carboxyl group by loss
More informationCARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES: NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION-ELIMINATION AT THE ACYL CARBON
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES: NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION-ELIMINATION AT THE ACYL CARBON RED ANT WAS SOURCE OF FORMIC ACID (RCOOH) Lecture 8 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2 Introduction The carboxyl group (-CO
More informationChemistry 1120 Exam 1 Study Guide
Chemistry 1120 Exam 1 Study Guide Chapter 3 3.1 a) Know that alcohols contain a hydroxy (-OH) group. Determine the IUPAC name for a given structure by determining the longest chain. b) Determine the number
More informationCarboxylic Acids and their Derivatives I
2302272 Org Chem II Part I Lecture 5 Carboxylic Acids and their Derivatives I Instructor: Dr. Tanatorn Khotavivattana E-mail: tanatorn.k@chula.ac.th Recommended Textbook: Chapter 20 in Organic Chemistry,
More informationCh07. Carboxylic Acids. Combining the hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups. To make organic acids. version 1.0
Ch07 Carboxylic Acids Combining the hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups. To make organic acids. version 1.0 Nick DeMello, PhD. 2007-2015 Important Dates This Wednesday: - Lab Checkout (you must check
More informationDERIVATIVES OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
13 Rl RH RNH 2 RR RR DERIVATIVES F ARBXYLI AIDS HAPTER SUMMARY 13.1 Structure and Nomenclature of arboxylic Acid Derivatives A. Structure arboxylic acids and their derivatives can be expressed as variations
More informationCh 21 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives and Nu Acyl Subst n
Ch 21 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives and Nu Acyl Subst n Acid Derivatives and their Names - Acid Halides have a Cl or Br instead of OH. Replace ic acid with yl halide, such as propionyl chloride (a common
More informationAlehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acid
Alehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acid Aldehydes and Ketones: Introduction Aldedydes and ketones are organic compounds that contain carbon-oxygen doule bonds. The general formula for aldehydes is O C R
More information(iii). Decarboxylation (iv)kolbe Electrolysis
ALKANOIC ACID/CARBOXYLIC ACID Contains carboxyl functional group COOH Two functional groups are contained in carboxyl- carbonyl (C=O)and hydroxyl (-OH) Saturated aliphatic alkanoic acids have general formula
More informationEsters of Carboxylic Acids These are derivatives of carboxylic acids where the hydroxyl group is replaced by an alkoxy group.
Carboxylic acid Derivatives Carboxylic acid derivatives are described as compounds that can be converted to carboxylic acids via simple acidic or basic hydrolysis. The most important acid derivatives are
More informationCarboxylic Acids, Esters and Acyl Chlorides
R hemistry A 432 arboxylic Acids, Esters and Acyl hlorides arboxylic Acids, Esters and Acyl hlorides arboxylic acids contain the functional group, attached to an alkyl stem. They are widely found in nature,
More information3.12 Polymers. As with esters, the OH from the carboxylic acid is lost with the H from the alcohol.
3.12 s Condensation polymerisation: This is the joining of 2 monomers while eliminating a small molecule - H 2 O or HCl The functional group on one monomer joins with a different functional group in another
More informationAlcohol aldehydes cetones and carboxylic acids
Alcohol aldehydes cetones and carboxylic acids 1 Classes of organic compounds 2 Alcohols Alcohols are organic compounds containing hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to C atom. In an alcohol, -OH group replaces
More informationR O R' Acid anhydride. Acid halide. Carboxylic acid. Ester O O O O. Nitrile Acyl phosphate Thioester. Amide
Chapter 10. Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives Carboxylic acid X Acid halide ' Acid anhydride Ester ' P N 2 C N S' Amide Nitrile Acyl phosphate Thioester The common structural feature of all these compounds
More informationMacromolecules. Small molecules that join together to form one large polymer molecules.
Macromolecules Polymerisation: Polymerisation is the joining of small molecules (monomers), into chains of a very large molecule (polymer). The monomers can be as atoms, simple molecules of ethen as in
More informationLecture 19. Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Y - + X - Y X R C X. April 2, Chemistry 328N
Lecture 19 Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution X Y - - Y X X - Y April 2, 2019 hemistry 328N Acid-catalyzed Esterification (also called Fischer esterification) H H 3 H H H 2 H 3 Please study the mechanism hemistry
More informationEx17. Analgesics, TLC Analysis. Analgesics. The Experiment. Part A. Carboxylic Acids. Part B. Willow Bark Esters & Esterification
Ex17 Analgesics, TLC Analysis Analgesics Carboxylic Acids Structure Properties Willow Bark Esters & Esterification The Experiment Part A Use TLC to Separate Compounds Part B Determine Elution Solvents
More informationAmines. Learning Check. Subclasses of Amines. IUPAC Naming for Amines. Common Naming for Amines. Chapter 16 Amines and Amides
Amines Chapter 16 Amines and Amides Derivatives of ammonia, NH 3, where one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by an aromatic or alkyl group (R) Classified on the basis of molecular structure Primary
More informationOrganic Chemistry. Chapter 23. Hill, Petrucci, McCreary & Perry 4 th. Ed. Alkane to Substituent Group methane CH 4 methyl CH 3
hapter 23 rganic hemistry ill, Petrucci, Mcreary & Perry 4 th Ed. Alkane to Substituent Group methane 4 methyl 3 ethane 3 3 ethyl 3 2 propane 3 2 3 propyl 3 2 2 isopropyl ( 3 ) 2 or 3 3 butyl 3 2 2 2 butane
More informationCarbon s unique bonding pattern arises from the hybridization of the electrons.
Unit 8 Neptune, the 8 th planet of our solar system Organic Chemistry Organic: compound containing carbon, excluding oxides and carbonates Carbon is an allotrope, meaning it has different bonding patterns.
More informationCarboxylic Acid Derivatives: Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Carboxylic acid derivatives. Acyl chloride Acid anhydride Ester Amide Nucleophilic acyl substitution 19.1 Nomenclature
More informationORGANIC AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY SYSTEMATIC NOMENCLATURE
ORGANIC AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY SYSTEMATIC NOMENCLATURE Organic compounds are carbon containing compounds. Carbon has the following unique bonding properties: 1) it has a covalence of four 2) carbon atoms
More informationThe Rules for Boiling Points
The Rules for Boiling Points The boiling points of compounds depend on how strongly they stick together: The more strongly they stick together, the higher the boiling point (the more heat it takes to rip
More informationChapter 16 and GHW#6 Questions. Carboxylic Acids, Esters, and Other Acid Derivatives
Chapter 16 and GHW#6 Questions Carboxylic Acids, Esters, and Other Acid Derivatives Bonding Characteristics of Carboxylic Acids A carboxylic acid has functional a carboxyl group. A carboxyl group is a
More informationChapter 21. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions شیمی آلی 2
Chapter 21. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions شیمی آلی 2 Dr M. Mehrdad University of Guilan, Department of Chemistry, Rasht, Iran m-mehrdad@guilan.ac.ir Based on McMurry
More information6/9/2015. Unit 15: Organic Chemistry Lesson 15.2: Substituted Hydrocarbons & Functional Groups
1-chloropropane 2-methylpropane 1-iodobutane Ethanoic Acid Unit 15: Organic Chemistry Lesson 15.2: Substituted Hydrocarbons & Functional Groups 43 It Ain t Just Hydrocarbons There are all sorts of organic
More informationChemistry B11 Chapters 13 Esters, amides and carbohydrates
Chapters 13 Esters, amides and carbohydrates Esters: esters are derived from carboxylic acids (the hydrogen atom in the carboxyl group of carboxylic acid is replaced by an alkyl group). The functional
More informationwhere R doesn t have to equal R or R
hem 263 Nov 24, 2016 arboxylic Acids and Derivatives arboxylic acids are very important compounds in nature and serve as building blocks for preparing related derivatives such as esters and amides. The
More information13. Carboxylic Acids (text )
2009, Department of Chemistry, The University of Western ntario 13.1 13. Carboxylic Acids (text 14.1 14.9) A. Structure and Nomenclature The carboxylic acid functional group results from the connection
More informationChapter 23. Functional Groups. Halogen Side Chains What is a halocarbon? How are organic compounds classified?
23.1 Chapter 23 From a distance, the musicians in an orchestra may look alike, but each musician contributes a unique sound. In a similar way, one hydrocarbon is nearly identical to another until it picks
More informationCarboxylic Acids. Carboxylic acid groups are always terminal groups with a carbonyl carbon also bound to a hydroxyl For example:
Carboxylic Acids The functional group of carboxylic acids consists of a C=O with -OH bonded to the same carbon. Structure of Carboxyl Carbon is sp 2 hybridized. Bond angles are close to 120. O-H eclipsed
More informationChapter 20 Carboxylic Acids. Introduction
hapter 20 arboxylic Acids Introduction arbonyl (-=) and hydroxyl (-H) on the same carbon is carboxyl group. arboxyl group is usually written -H or 2 H. Aliphatic acids have an alkyl group bonded to -H.
More informationChapter 21 The Chemistry of Carboxylic Acid Deriva7ves
Organic Chemistry, 5th ed. Marc Loudon Chapter 21 The Chemistry of Carboxylic Acid Deriva7ves Eric J. Kantorowski California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo, CA Chapter 21 Overview 21.1 Nomenclature
More informationFunctional Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids
Functional Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids are compounds in which the OH of a carboxyl group has been replaced by CI, OOCR, NH2, or OR'to convert acid chlorides,anhydrides,
More informationCarboxylic Acid Derivatives Reading Study Problems Key Concepts and Skills Lecture Topics: Structures and reactivity of carboxylic acid derivatives
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Reading: Wade chapter 21, sections 21-1- 21-16 Study Problems: 21-45, 21-46, 21-48, 21-49, 21-50, 21-53, 21-56, 21-58, 21-63 Key Concepts and Skills: Interpret the spectra of
More informationChapter 24. The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry. Lecture Presentation. James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT
Lecture Presentation Chapter 24 The of Life: James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT Organic and Biochemistry Chapter focus: the molecules that bridge chemistry & biology Most common elements:
More informationLoudon Chapter 21 Review: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Jacquie Richardson, CU Boulder Last updated 3/20/2018
Loudon Chapter 21 eview: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Jacquie ichardson, CU Boulder Last updated 3/20/2018 We learned how to make a lot of carboxylic acid derivatives from acids in Ch. 20, but now we ll
More informationCARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND ESTERS
C24 09/17/2013 11:59:46 Page 350 CHAPTER 24 CARBXYLIC ACIDS AND ESTERS SLUTINS T REVIEW QUESTINS 1. (a) CH (d) (e) (f) (g) CH 2 CHCH (h) (i) CN (j) CNa (k) (l) (m) (CH 2 ) 16 CNa (n) H P H (o) H P H H
More informationH O. rapidly reduces. They dissolve. because they can hydrogen bond to the water molecules.
3.9 arboxylic Acids and Derivatives Naming arboxylic acids These have the ending oic acid but no number is necessary for the acid group as it must always be at the end of the chain. The numbering always
More informationEsters. What intermolecular forces do you think esters have? δ + CH 3
Esters What intermolecular forces do you think esters have? ow will these intermolecular forces affect their: Melting and boiling points compared to alkanes Solubility in water δ 3 δ + 3 Dipole dipole
More informationChapter 9 Educational Goals
Chapter 9 Educational Goals 1. Given the structure of a carboxylic acid, carboxylate ion, ester, amide, or amine molecule, be able to give the systematic names and vice versa. 2. Know and understand the
More informationCarboxylic Acids and Esters
arboxylic Acids and Esters N Goalby hemrevise.org - absorption IR Spectrum for arboxylic acids Butanoic acid 1 Solubility in Water The smaller carboxylic (up to 4) acids dissolve in water in all proportions
More informationPart I Short Answer Choose a letter to fill in the blanks. Use choices as many times as you wish. Only one choice is needed per blank.
Part I Short Answer Choose a letter to fill in the blanks. Use choices as many times as you wish. Only one choice is needed per blank. 1. (3 points each) First set functional groups A. ether D. amine B.
More informationChemistry B11 Chapters 14 Amines, aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids
Chapters 4 Amines, aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids Amines: are derivatives from ammonia ( 3 ). Aliphatic amines: an amine in which nitrogen is bonded only to alkyl group or hydrogens. Aromatic
More informationLecture 20. Herman Emil Fischer Nobel Prize 1902 Sugars, Esters and Purines. April 4, Chemistry 328N
Lecture 20 April 4, 2019 Herman Emil Fischer 1852-1919 Nobel Prize 1902 Sugars, Esters and Purines Acid-catalyzed Esterification (also called Fischer esterification) CH CH 3 H H H 2 CCH 3 Please study
More informationAmino Acids and Proteins Hamad Ali Yaseen, PhD MLS Department, FAHS, HSC, KU Biochemistry 210 Chapter 22
Amino Acids and Proteins Hamad Ali Yaseen, PhD MLS Department, FAHS, HSC, KU Hamad.ali@hsc.edu.kw Biochemistry 210 Chapter 22 Importance of Proteins Main catalysts in biochemistry: enzymes (involved in
More informationChapter 9 Lecture Notes: Carboxylic Acids, Amines, and Amides
Educational Goals Chapter 9 Lecture Notes: Carboxylic Acids, Amines, and Amides 1. Given the structure of a carboxylic acid, carboxylate ion, ester, amide, or amine molecule, be able to give the systematic
More information22. The Fischer Esterification
22. The Fischer Esterification A. Background Esters are an incredibly important functional group in organic chemistry. Esters are typically very pleasant smelling molecules and are therefore frequently
More informationCarboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives
arboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives Families ontaining the arbonyl Group Family Y Z Y Z aldehyde or ketone carboxylic acid or -- ester or -- acid halide or -F,-l,-Br,-I acid anhydride or amide or -N
More informationREACTIONS OF CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES WITH NUCLEOPHILES A. Reactions of Acid Chlorides with Nucleophiles
1016 CHAPTER 1 THE CHEMITRY F CARBXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVE 1.8 REACTI F CARBXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVE WITH UCLEPHILE ection 1.7 showed that all carboxylic acid derivatives hydrolyze to carboxylic acids. Water
More informationNaming Organic Halide Organic Halide: is a compound that contains one or more halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, I) as part of its molecular structure.
Naming Organic Halide Organic Halide: is a compound that contains one or more halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, I) as part of its molecular structure. Organic halides have many important uses including: fire retardation,
More informationChapters 13/14: Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
CHM 201 (Elements of Organic Chemistry) Dr. Virgil Lee Cal Poly Pomona Chapters 13/14: Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives resonance stabilized OH group donates electron density to carbonyl
More informationB07 Alcohols, Corboxylic Acids & Esters.notebook. November 19, Alcohols
Alcohols There is more to alcohol than just beverages. In fact, most alcohols are poisonous. THis is what makes them effective as disinfectants and cleaners. 1 What makes an alcohol and alcohol? If a hydrocarbon
More informationChem 263 Nov 26, 2013 O R' alkyl. acid. ethyl. acetic acid. ethyl acetate ethyl ethanoate
hem 263 ov 26, 2013 arboxylic Acids and Derivatives omenclature Esters Systematic names for esters are derived by first giving the name of the alkyl group attached to the oxygen, and then identifying the
More informationCarboxylic Acids. Seminar_7
Seminar_7 1. Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids 2. Preparation of Carboxylic Acids 3. Reactivity 4. Soaps and Detergents 5. Fats and Oils TEST Carboxylic acides, esters and fats. Give the names Carboxylic
More informationOrganic/Biochem Test #2 Takehome Name: Spring 2012 Page 1 of 6. Multiple choice: Circle the best answer for each of the following questions.
Spring 2012 Page 1 of 6 Multiple choice: Circle the best answer for each of the following questions. 1. The general formula for a carboxylic acid is: a) RCHO b) RCOR c) R-OH d) R-COOH 2. In which of the
More informationPhysical properties: C L = L. Cl, NH 2, OCH 3, OH, OCR O O O NH 2 CH 3 N(CH 3 ) 2. Sol. in H 2 O
Lecture Notes hem 51 S. King hapter 22 arboxylic Acids and their Derivatives: Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution I. Structure and Physical Properties: Type 2 carbonyl compounds (carboxylic acids and derivatives)
More informationThe four levels of protein structure are: primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, and quaternary structure.
Proteins Proteins are organic complex nitrogenous compounds of high molecular weight, formed of C, H, O and N. They are formed of a number of amino acids linked together by peptide linkage [-CO-NH-]. Proteins
More informationPathways to Biomolecules
Week 12 Pathways to Biomolecules Are molecules such as fats and oils, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids that are found in all living things. Have an essential role in the supply of energy to the
More information(b) The following two alcohols are members of an homologous series and they are isomers.
1 The alcohols form an homologous series. (a) Give three characteristics of an homologous series. [3] (b) The following two alcohols are members of an homologous series and they are isomers. OH and ( )
More informationChem 263 Nov 21, 2013
hem 263 Nov 21, 2013 arbohydrates- emiacetal Formation You know from previous lectures that carbonyl compounds react with all kinds of nucleophiles. ydration and hemiacetal formation are typical examples.
More informationCarboxylic acid derivatives
Carboxylic acid derivatives Nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction Among the most important reactions of carboxylic acids are those that convert the carboxyl group into other acid derivatives by a nucleophilic
More informationTopic 4.5 COMPOUNDS CONTAINING THE CARBONYL GROUP. Aldehydes and Ketones Carboxylic Acids and their Salts Esters Acyl Chlorides and Acid Anhydrides
Topic 4.5 MPUNDS NTAINING TE ARBNYL GRUP Aldehydes and Ketones arboxylic Acids and their Salts Esters Acyl hlorides and Acid Anhydrides ALDEYDES AND KETNES 1. Introduction Aldehydes and ketones are collectively
More informationOCR A GCSE Chemistry. Topic 6: Global challenges. Organic chemistry. Notes.
OCR A GCSE Chemistry Topic 6: Global challenges Organic chemistry Notes C6.2a recognise functional groups and identify members of the same homologous series Prefixes (beginning of the name) o remember
More informationChap 7: Alcohols, Phenols, & Thiols
Chap 7: Alcohols, Phenols, & Thiols Objectives: Chap 7: Alcohols, Phenols, & Thiols (Chapter 7 and pages 283-285 & 296-297, A-1 & A-2 in lab manual) 1. Identify molecules as an alcohol, phenol, glycol,
More informationName the ester produced when methanol and pentanoic acid react. methyl pentanoate. Name the type of reaction used to make an ester
1 Name the ester produced when methanol and pentanoic acid react methyl pentanoate 2 Name the type of reaction used to make an ester condensation reaction 3 Name the by-product of the reaction used to
More informationChapter 11 Nutrition: Food for Thought
Chapter 11 Nutrition: Food for Thought Do you think about the food that goes into your body and how it affects you? How can you interpret the various nutrition information found in the press? What are
More informationFundamentals of Organic Chemistry CHEM 109 For Students of Health Colleges
Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry CHEM 109 For Students of Health Colleges Credit hrs.: (2+1) King Saud University College of Science, Chemistry Department CHEM 109 CHAPTER 9. AMINO ACIDS, PEPTIDES AND
More informationFrom Atoms to Cells: Fundamental Building Blocks. Models of atoms. A chemical connection
From Atoms to Cells: A chemical connection Fundamental Building Blocks Matter - all materials that occupy space & have mass Matter is composed of atoms Atom simplest form of matter not divisible into simpler
More informationLoose Ends. Reactions. Polymers
Today Loose Ends Reactions Polymers Names for isolated groups -OH Hydroxyl -NH2 Amino O -C- Carbonyl O -C-O Carboxyl Vitamin D4 Our friend the benzene ring Another important Functional Group Phenol Nomenclature
More informationOrganic. Carbon Chemistry
Today Organic Carbon Chemistry Organic You know more than you think already What you will need Lewis dot, VSEPR VB, hybrid orbitals, MO electronegativity intermolecular forces Two hurdles we will deal
More informationChapter 7-2 Hydrocarbons
Chapter 7-1 Carbon C atom - atomic # is 6; it has 6 protons and therefore 6 electrons - is in group 14; it has 4 valence electrons - atomic mass is 12; it has 6 neutrons - shares electrons when forming
More informationChemistry 212 Fall Semester 1996 Examination #2
Chemistry 212 Fall Semester 1996 Examination #2 University of Missouri Columbia Prof. Rainer Glaser Wednesday, October 16, 1996 103 Schlundt Hall, 8:40-9:30 featuring Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid
More informationChapter 20: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution
hapter 20: arboxylic Acid Derivatives: ucleophilic Acyl Substitution 20.1: omenclature of arboxylic Acid Derivatives (please read) carboxylic acid -oic acid ' ester -oate ' lactone cyclic ester l acid
More informationBCH302 [Practical] 1
BCH302 [Practical] 1 Amino acids play a central role: i. As building blocks of proteins. ii. As intermediates in metabolism, converted to specialized products. There are 20 natural amino acids that are
More informationFor questions 1-4, match the carbohydrate with its size/functional group name:
Chemistry 11 Fall 2009 Examination #5 ANSWER KEY For the first portion of this exam, select the best answer choice for the questions below and mark the answers on your scantron. Then answer the free response
More informationCH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH
1 The alcohols form a homologous series. The first member is methanol and the fourth is butanol. 3 O methanol 3 2 2 2 O butanol (a) Give two general characteristics of a homologous series. (ii) alculate
More informationCourse Content
Biology Induction Course Content AS Biology A-Level Biology AS Practical Work Career options Degree options Research Based IS Task Due date: 1 st lesson back after the summer holidays 1. Compare and contrast
More informationChapter 21. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives. and Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution. Reactions. - many carboxylic acid derivatives are known:
hapter 21 arboxylic Acid Derivatives and ucleophilic Acyl Substitution eactions - many carboxylic acid derivatives are known: X ' carboxylic acid acid halide (X = F, l, Br, I) acid anhydride ' 2 ester
More informationOrganic & Biochemistry Pacing Guide. Day Date SCS Objectives Essential Questions Content Tasks/Strategies. How are covalent compounds formed?
Organic & Biochemistry Pacing Guide Course Description: Course Description: This course is designed to provide students with an opportunity to continue their study of the principles of chemistry. The topics
More information