Name Class Date. Write the correct letter in the blank before each numbered term. a. forms large molecules from smaller. ones

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1 Name lass Date Assessment hapter Test B Biochemistry Write the correct letter in the blank before each numbered term. 1. nucleotide 2. hydrolysis 3. steroid 4. amino acid 5. condensation reaction 6. glucose 7. wax 8. fatty acid 9. functional group a. forms large molecules from smaller ones b. fatty acid linked to alcohol chain c. monomer of many polysaccharides d. component of many lipids e. monomer of nucleic acids f. lipid not composed of fatty acids g. monomer of proteins h. breaks large molecules into smaller ones i. influences the characteristics of molecules In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement. 10. The presence of four electrons in the outermost energy level of a carbon atom enables a. carbon atoms to form four covalent bonds with atoms of other elements. b. carbon atoms to form covalent bonds with other carbon atoms. c. carbon atoms to form double bonds with other atoms. d. All of the above 11. The breakdown of polymers into monomers occurs through a process known as a. hydrolysis. c. dissociation. b. condensation. d. removal of a functional group. 12. rganic molecules that catalyze reactions in living systems are a. phospholipids. c. polysaccharides. b. enzymes. d. steroids. 13. Lipids are good energy-storage molecules because a. they can absorb a large amount of energy while maintaining a constant temperature. b. they have many carbon-hydrogen bonds. c. they are composed of many simple sugars. d. they cannot be broken down by enzymes. opyright by olt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Modern Biology 21 hapter Test

2 Name lass Date Biochemistry, hapter Test B continued 14. A compound found in living things that supplies the energy in one of its chemical bonds directly to cells is a. phosphate. c. ATP. b. RNA. d. alcohol. 15. Enzymes lower activation energy by a. linking to the substrate and weakening bonds within the substrate. b. becoming chemically changed and reacting with the substrate. c. changing the temperature and p of the substrate s environment. d. linking to the substrate permanently, creating a very large molecule. 16. A compound that is stored as glycogen in animals and as starch in plants is a. alcohol. b. cellulose. c. glucose. d. phosphate. 17. The three molecules shown below are a. phosphates. b. isomers. c. not organic. d. steroids In a triple bond, pair(s) of electrons are shared between two atoms. a. one b. two c. three d. four 19. Amino acids become linked together by peptide bonds during reactions. a. condensation b. redox c. oxidation d. hydrolysis 20. Without enzymes, the chemical reactions in your body would a. happen too fast. b. occur at much the same rate as they do with enzymes. c. require a different p. d. occur too slowly to support life processes. 21. arbon atoms can bond together to form all the following EXEPT structures. a. ring c. straight chain b. inorganic d. branched chain 22. ATP contains phosphate groups. a. one b. two c. three d. four opyright by olt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Modern Biology 22 hapter Test

3 Name lass Date Biochemistry, hapter Test B continued 23. Which atoms are involved in a peptide bond? a.,, N, and c. N and b. and d.,, and 24. Energy is released when the bond between _ in ATP are broken. a. carbon atoms c. phosphate groups b. ribose and adenine d. two ATP molecules Read each question, and write your answer in the space provided. 25. ow does a condensation reaction differ from a hydrolysis reaction? 26. What are the structural differences between monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides? 27. Living things contain many different proteins of vastly different shapes and functions. What determines the shape and thus the function of a particular protein? 28. ow does the structure of phospholipids, linear molecules with a polar end and a nonpolar end, relate to their function in the cell membrane? 29. In the diagram of the molecule below, draw in lines as necessary to indicate the presence of any double bonds. opyright by olt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Modern Biology 23 hapter Test

4 Name lass Date Biochemistry, hapter Test B continued Follow the directions given below. 30. The diagrams below illustrate a variety of chemical structures. Write the correct name from the following list in the blank below each diagram. Not every name will be used. alcohol fatty acid dipeptide nucleotide disaccharide polysaccharide enzyme/substrate complex water a c 3 N N d b e opyright by olt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Modern Biology 24 hapter Test

5 TEAER RESURE PAGE 22. rganic compounds are composed primarily of carbon atoms (have a carbon backbone) covalently bonded to other elements typically hydrogen and oxygen. 23. Living things require energy for all of the processes of life. Energy is required for the chemical reactions that make up an organism s metabolism. rganisms also use a great deal of energy to maintain homeostasis. 24. ATP is the main energy currency of cells. 25. holesterol is needed by the body for nerve and other cells to function. It is also a component of cell membranes. Biochemistry hapter Test B (Advanced) 1. e 13. b 2. h 14. c 3. f 15. a 4. g 16. c 5. a 17. b 6. c 18. c 7. b 19. a 8. d 20. d 9. i 21. b 10. d 22. c 11. a 23. a 12. b 24. c 25. Monomers link to form polymers through a condensation reaction. ydrolysis is a reversed condensation reaction and causes the breakdown of complex molecules. 26. A monosaccharide is a simple sugar that is a monomer of carbohydrates. A disaccharide consists of two monosaccharides bonded together. A polysaccharide consists of at least three bonded monosaccharides. 27. The shape of a protein is determined by the way the protein s amino acids interact with one another. Amino acid interactions can cause a protein to bend or fold. Protein shape can also be influenced by temperature and the type of solvent in which a protein is dissolved. 28. The polar, hydrophilic heads of phospholipids comprise the interior and exterior surfaces of the cell membrane, and the nonpolar, hydrophobic tails of phospholipids form the middle of the cell membrane. 29. (from left to right) alternating double bonds between carbons; 2 2 ; 2 ( 3 ) a. disaccharide; b. fatty acid; c. water; d. dipeptide; e. nucleotide ell Structure and Function hapter Test A (General) 1. c 9. c 2. e 10. d 3. b 11. d 4. a 12. c 5. d 13. b 6. d 14. b 7. b 15. d 8. a 16. d 17. cell theory 18. flagella 19. cytoskeleton 20. rough 21. proteins 22. DNA contains information about heredity. DNA determines the characteristics of a cell, and it directs the cell s activities. 23. Small cells can exchange substances more readily than large cells can because small objects have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio. As a result, substances do not need to travel as far to reach the center of a smaller cell. 24. Mitochondria harvest energy from organic compounds to make ATP. 25. The cytoskeleton is a network of thin protein tubes and filaments that crisscross the cytosol. They give shape to the cell from the inside and act as a system of internal tracks on which items move around inside the cell. opyright by olt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Modern Biology 407 Answer Key