Structures of the CELL

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1 Structures of the CELL How do cell organelles interact to maintain life? EQ EQ Cell Structures ORGANELLES aka Organelle means little organ Just like organs are the functional units in an organism, ORGANELLES are the functional units in a cell Organelles are small structures inside the cell that performs specific functions to keep the cell living Organelles are made of the macromolecules we discussed in the previous unit.

2 When ALL done, click here Even though ALL living things are made of cells, PLANTS and ANIMALS have slightly different cellular structures. Cytoplasm Cell Wall Centrosomes Lysosomes Cell Membrane Nucleus Endoplasmic Recticulum (ER) Ribosomes Mitochondria Golgi Body Vesicles Chloroplasts Vacuole Outside a cell Function: to hold and protect cell as well as control what substances come into and out of the cell Nickname: The gatekeeper Cell Membrane

3 Inside a cell Function: To maintain the shape of the cell and suspend organelles. Made of "cytoskeleton" or a scaffolding that assists in the maintenance of the shape. Nickname: The Jello Cytoplasm Function: holds the 'genetic blueprint' DNA controls & directs ALL cellular function Nickname: The control center Nucleus

4 (AND prokaryotic cells too) Function: link amino acids together to form proteins Nickname: Protein factories Ribosomes Smooth ER Smooth ER Lacks (NO) ribosomes Function: makes fats or lipids Rough ER Rough ER Rough appearance because it has ribosomes Function: helps make proteins (hence having ribosomes) 2 types: Rough ER & Smooth ER Function: interconnect thin folded membranes to create a network that produces and transports macromolecules Nickname: Roads/Highways Endoplasmic Recticulum (ER)

5 C l i c k Click on bins for video (AND prokaryotes too) Function: small transport sac that pinches off from the ER and transports materials to another organelle and/or to the cell membrane Nickname: Recycling Sacs Vesicles Function: supply energy to the cell by the breakdown of food into ATP Nickname: The powerhouse Mitochondria

6 aka golgi complex OR golgi apparatus Looks like a stack of pancakes Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different locations inside and outside the cell Nickname: The shippers Golgi Body Function: involved in the digestion of old cell organelles as well as the breaking apart of large molecules to smaller ones Nickname: The janitor Lysosomes

7 Looks like a pair of churros Function: made of a pair of organelles called centrioles that produce spindle fibers during cell division and give rise to cilia/flagella Nickname: The spiders Centrosomes Function: made of cellulose, it provides support and protection to the cell membrane Nickname: The great wall Cell Wall

8 Why are plants green? They are green in color because of the green pigment in chloroplasts known as chlorophyll Function: to capture energy from the sun and use it to produce food for the plant (via photosynthesis) Nickname: The food producer Chloroplast This is what makes lettuce crisp No water = wilted plant LIKE No air = deflated balloon Function: to store water Nickname: The storage tank Vacuole

9 A Picture is worth a 1000 words... or a tool to help you remember! You got game? MATCHING TIME!!

10 Where would you find me? Chloroplast Lysosome Vacuole Cell membrane Ribosome Cell wall Endoplasmic Recticulum Mitochondria Centrosome Nucleus Golgi Body Animal ONLY BOTH Plant ONLY Vesicles Where would you find me? Chloroplast Lysosome Vacuole Cell membrane Ribosome Cell wall Endoplasmic Recticulum Mitochondria Centrosome Nucleus Golgi Body Animal ONLY BOTH Plant ONLY Vesicles

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