Identifying Functional Groups. (Chapter 2 in the Klein text)
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1 Identifying Functional Groups (Chapter 2 in the Klein text)
2 Basic Ideas A functional group is a substructure within a molecule that will have the potential to undergo chemical change, i.e. the group has a function. There are actually dozens of functional groups within the broader subject of Organic Chemistry, however at the intro level we focus on fewer than 20. In this tutorial you will find, and then be quizzed on, these groups.
3 Alkyl Halides Must contain a carbon-based group with at least one halogen
4 Alkenes Must contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond
5 Alkynes Must contain at least one carbon-carbon triple bond
6 Alcohols Must contain at least one isolated OH group
7 Ethers Contain a C-O-C group that is not connected to C=O
8 Thiols Contain an SH group that is not connected to C=O
9 Sulfides Feature the C-S-C pattern and are similar to ethers
10 Aromatics (Arenes) Will have at least one benzene ring (at this stage)
11 Ketones Contain a C=O carbonyl group bonded to 2 other C groups
12 Aldehydes Contain a C=O carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen
13 Carboxylic Acids Contain a C=O carbonyl group with OH directly attached
14 Acid (or Acyl) Chlorides Contain a C=O carbonyl group with Cl directly attached
15 Acid Anhydrides Feature two C=O groups joined through O
16 Esters A C=O carbonyl group directly attached to OR group
17 Amides A C=O carbonyl group directly attached to NR 2 group
18 Amines N-containing molecules with sp 3 N and without the C=O directly attached
19 Examples of Functional Groups : 1 What is the functional group in the following molecule?
20 Examples of Functional Groups : 1 answer What is the functional group in the following molecule? Amide
21 Examples of Functional Groups : 2 What is the functional group in the following molecule?
22 Examples of Functional Groups : 2 answer What is the functional group in the following molecule? Sulfide
23 Examples of Functional Groups : 3 What is the functional group in the following molecule?
24 Examples of Functional Groups : 3 answer What is the functional group in the following molecule? Anhydride
25 Examples of Functional Groups : 4 Where is the ether functional group in the following molecule?
26 Examples of Functional Groups : 4 answer Where is the ether functional group in the following molecule? Ether functional group
27 Examples of Functional Groups : 5 Where is the amine functional group in the following molecule?
28 Examples of Functional Groups : 5 answer Where is the amine functional group in the following molecule? Amine functional group
29 Examples of Functional Groups : 6 Where is the arene functional group in the following molecule?
30 Examples of Functional Groups : 6 answer Where is the arene functional group in the following molecule? Arene functional group
31 Examples of Functional Groups : 7 Where is the carboxylic acid functional group in the following molecule?
32 Examples of Functional Groups : 7 answer Where is the carboxylic acid functional group in the following molecule? Carboxylic acid functional group
33 Examples of Functional Groups : 8 Where is the alcohol functional group in the following molecule?
34 Examples of Functional Groups : 8 answer Where is the alcohol functional group in the following molecule? Alcohol functional group
35 Examples of Functional Groups : 9 Where is the alkyl halide functional group in the following molecule?
36 Examples of Functional Groups : 9 answer Where is the alkyl halide functional group in the following molecule? Alkyl halide functional group
37 Examples of Functional Groups : 10 Where is the amide functional group in the following molecule?
38 Examples of Functional Groups : 10 answer Where is the amide functional group in the following molecule? Amide halide functional group
39 Examples of Functional Groups : 11 Which functional groups are present in the following molecule?
40 Examples of Functional Groups : 11 answer Which functional groups are present in the following molecule? Amide, amine, alkene and ether
41 Examples of Functional Groups : 12 Which functional groups are present in the following molecule?
42 Examples of Functional Groups : 12 answer Which functional groups are present in the following molecule? Alcohol, amine, ether and ketone
43 Examples of Functional Groups : 13 Which functional groups are present in the following molecule?
44 Examples of Functional Groups : 13 answer Which functional groups are present in the following molecule? Sulfide, ketone, amine and arene
45 Examples of Functional Groups : 14 Which functional groups are present in the following molecule?
46 Examples of Functional Groups : 14 answer Which functional groups are present in the following molecule? Amine, carboxylic acid, thiol and alkene
47 Examples of Functional Groups : 15 Which functional groups are present in the following molecule?
48 Examples of Functional Groups : 15 answer Which functional groups are present in the following molecule? Amide, alkyl halide, thiol and aromatic ring
49 You can now apply these patterns to other complex organic molecules dr-peter-norris.com
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