The Human Body: An Orientation

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1 PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College The Human Body: An Orientation 1 PART A

2 The Human Body An Orientation Anatomy Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts Physiology Study of how the body and its parts work or function

3 Anatomy Levels of Study Gross anatomy Large structures Easily observable Figure 14.1

4 Anatomy Levels of Study Microscopic Anatomy Very small structures Can only be viewed with a microscope Figure 14.4c d

5 Levels of Structural Organization Smooth muscle cell Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules Molecules Atoms Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells Smooth muscle Epithelial Smooth muscle Connective Organ level Organs are made up of different types of s Blood vessel (organ) Cardiovascular system Organ system level Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely Organismal level Human organisms are made up of many organ systems Figure 1.1

6 Levels of Structural Organization Molecules Atoms Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules Figure 1.1, step 1

7 Levels of Structural Organization Smooth muscle cell Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules Molecules Atoms Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules Figure 1.1, step 2

8 Levels of Structural Organization Smooth muscle cell Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules Molecules Atoms Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells Smooth muscle Figure 1.1, step 3

9 Levels of Structural Organization Smooth muscle cell Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules Molecules Atoms Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells Smooth muscle Epithelial Smooth muscle Connective Blood vessel (organ) Organ level Organs are made up of different types of s Figure 1.1, step 4

10 Levels of Structural Organization Smooth muscle cell Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules Molecules Atoms Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells Smooth muscle Epithelial Smooth muscle Connective Organ level Organs are made up of different types of s Blood vessel (organ) Cardiovascular system Organ system level Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely Figure 1.1, step 5

11 Levels of Structural Organization Smooth muscle cell Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules Molecules Atoms Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells Smooth muscle Epithelial Smooth muscle Connective Organ level Organs are made up of different types of s Blood vessel (organ) Cardiovascular system Organ system level Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely Organismal level Human organisms are made up of many organ systems Figure 1.1, step 6

12 Organ System Overview Integumentary Forms the external body covering Protects deeper from injury Helps regulate body temperature Location of cutaneous nerve receptors Figure 1.2a

13 Organ System Overview Skeletal Protects and supports body organs Provides muscle attachment for movement Site of blood cell formation Stores minerals Figure 1.2b

14 Organ System Overview Muscular Produces movement Maintains posture Produces heat Figure 1.2c

15 Organ System Overview Nervous Fast-acting control system Responds to internal and external change Activates muscles and glands Figure 1.2d

16 Organ System Overview Endocrine Secretes regulatory hormones Growth Reproduction Metabolism Figure 1.2e

17 Organ System Overview Cardiovascular Transports materials in body via blood pumped by heart Oxygen Carbon dioxide Nutrients Wastes Figure 1.2f

18 Organ System Overview Lymphatic Returns fluids to blood vessels Cleanses the blood Involved in immunity Figure 1.2g

19 Organ System Overview Respiratory Keeps blood supplied with oxygen Removes carbon dioxide Figure 1.2h

20 Organ System Overview Digestive Breaks down food Allows for nutrient absorption into blood Eliminates indigestible material Figure 1.2i

21 Organ System Overview Urinary Eliminates nitrogenous wastes Maintains acid-base balance Regulates water and electrolytes Figure 1.2j

22 Organ System Overview Reproductive Produces offspring Figure 1.2k l

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