MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

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1 Respiration Practice Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following statements describes NAD+? A) NAD+ can donate electrons for use in oxidative phosphorylation. B) NAD+ is oxidized by the action of hydrogenases. C) NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH. D) In the absence of NAD+, glycolysis can still function. E) NAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle. 1) 2) Where does glycolysis take place in eukaryotic cells? A) mitochondrial outer membrane B) mitochondrial matrix C) mitochondrial inner membrane D) mitochondrial intermembrane space E) cytosol 2) 3) The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by A) electron transport. B) substrate-level phosphorylation. C) oxidation of NADH to NAD+. D) chemiosmosis. E) photophosphorylation. 3) 4) The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event? A) glycolysis B) the citric acid cycle C) accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain D) the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP E) the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 4) 5) During aerobic respiration, electrons travel downhill in which sequence? A) food citric acid cycle ATP NAD+ B) glucose ATP electron transport chain NADH C) food NADH electron transport chain oxygen D) food glycolysis citric acid cycle NADH ATP E) glucose pyruvate ATP oxygen 5) 6) Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen (O2) is present or absent? A) the citric acid cycle B) oxidative phosphorylation C) chemiosmosis D) electron transport E) glycolysis 6) 1

2 7) In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis? A) H2O, FADH2, and citrate B) CO2 and H2O C) NADH and pyruvate D) CO2 and NADH E) CO2 and pyruvate 7) 8) In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate A) two molecules of ATP are used and four molecules of ATP are produced. B) two molecules of ATP are used and two molecules of ATP are produced. C) four molecules of ATP are used and two molecules of ATP are produced. D) two molecules of ATP are used and six molecules of ATP are produced. E) six molecules of ATP are used and six molecules of ATP are produced. 8) 9) Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located? A) mitochondrial matrix B) mitochondrial outer membrane C) mitochondrial inner membrane D) mitochondrial intermembrane space E) cytosol 9) 10) In cellular respiration, the energy for most ATP synthesis is supplied by A) generating carbon dioxide and oxygen in the electron transport chain. B) high-energy phosphate bonds in organic molecules. C) transferring electrons from organic molecules to pyruvate. D) converting oxygen to ATP. E) a proton gradient across a membrane. 10) 11) The primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to A) combine with carbon, forming CO2. B) act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen, forming water. C) yield energy in the form of ATP as it is passed down the respiratory chain. D) catalyze the reactions of glycolysis. E) combine with lactate, forming pyruvate. 11) 12) In chemiosmosis, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + i to ATP? A) energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase, down their electrochemical gradient B) energy released as electrons flow through the electron transport system C) energy released from substrate-level phosphorylation D) energy released from dehydration synthesis reactions E) No external source of energy is required because the reaction is exergonic. 12) 2

3 13) The direct energy source that drives ATP synthesis during respiratory oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotic cells is A) the proton-motive force across the inner mitochondrial membrane. B) the thermodynamically favorable flow of electrons from NADH to the mitochondrial electron transport carriers. C) oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water. D) the final transfer of electrons to oxygen. E) the thermodynamically favorable transfer of phosphate from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle intermediate molecules of ADP. 13) 14) When hydrogen ions are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane space, the result is A) the lowering of ph in the mitochondrial matrix. B) the formation of ATP. C) the creation of a proton-motive force. D) the reduction of NAD+. E) the restoration of the Na+/K+ balance across the membrane. 14) 15) In a mitochondrion, if the matrix ATP concentration is high, and the intermembrane space proton concentration is too low to generate sufficient proton-motive force, then A) ATP synthase will hydrolyze ATP and pump protons into the matrix. B) ATP synthase will increase the rate of ATP synthesis. C) ATP synthase will hydrolyze ATP and pump protons into the intermembrane space. D) ATP synthase will stop working. 15) 16) Yeast cells that have defective mitochondria incapable of respiration will be able to grow by catabolizing which of the following carbon sources for energy? A) glucose, proteins, and fatty acids B) fatty acids C) glucose D) proteins E) Such yeast cells will not be capable of catabolizing any food molecules, and will therefore die. 16) 17) Which of the following occur(s) in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell? A) oxidative phosphorylation B) citric acid cycle C) fermentation and chemiosmosis D) oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA E) glycolysis and fermentation 17) 18) The ATP made during fermentation is generated by which of the following? A) oxidative phosphorylation B) the electron transport chain C) substrate-level phosphorylation D) chemiosmosis E) aerobic respiration 18) 3

4 19) Which statement best supports the hypothesis that glycolysis is an ancient metabolic pathway that originated before the last universal common ancestor of life on Earth? A) Ancient prokaryotic cells, the most primitive of cells, made extensive use of glycolysis long before oxygen was present in Earthʹs atmosphere. B) Glycolysis neither uses nor needs O2. C) Glycolysis is widespread and is found in the domains Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. D) The enzymes of glycolysis are found in the cytosol rather than in a membrane -enclosed organelle. E) Glycolysis is found in all eukaryotic cells. 19) 20) The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is the A) flow of electrons down the electron transport chain. B) transfer of phosphate to ADP. C) affinity of oxygen for electrons. D) H+ movement down its concentration gradient. E) oxidation of glucose and other organic compounds. 20) 21) The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that functions in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is A) oxygen. B) water. C) ADP. D) NAD+. E) pyruvate. 21) 22) Most CO2 from catabolism is released during A) lactate fermentation. B) glycolysis. C) oxidative phosphorylation. D) electron transport. E) the citric acid cycle. 22) 4

5 Answer Key Testname: CELL RESPIRATION PRACTICE ) E 2) E 3) B 4) C 5) C 6) E 7) C 8) A 9) C 10) E 11) B 12) A 13) A 14) C 15) C 16) C 17) E 18) C 19) C 20) D 21) A 22) E 5

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