Cellular Metabolism 9/24/2013. Metabolism. Cellular Metabolism. Consists of all the chemical reactions that take place in a cell!

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Cellular Metabolism 9/24/2013. Metabolism. Cellular Metabolism. Consists of all the chemical reactions that take place in a cell!"

Transcription

1 Cellular Metabolism Biology 105 Lecture 6 Chapter 3 (pages 56-61) Metabolism Consists of all the chemical reactions that take place in a cell! Cellular Metabolism Aerobic cellular respiration requires oxygen, produces carbon dioxide Anaerobic fermentation does not require oxygen 1

2 Summary of Cellular Respiration Electrons transferred by NADH Blood vessel Electrons transferred by NADH Cytoplasm Carrier protein Glucose Plasma membrane Electrons transferred by NADH and FADH 2 Glycolysis Transition Reaction Citric Acid Cycle Electron Transport Chain glucose pyruvate Oxygen Mitochondrion Extracellular fluid +2 ATP +2 ATP +32 ATP 36 ATP Figure 3.27 Aerobic Cellular Respiration Aerobic cellular respiration: Cells take sugar (glucose) and break it down into carbon dioxide and water. This requires oxygen! This process produces energy in the form of ATP. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 +6H 2 O + energy 2

3 NADH and FADH 2 are important carriers of electrons Aerobic Cellular Respiration There are four steps in aerobic cellular respiration: 1. Glycolysis 2. Transition Reaction 3. Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) 4. Electron Transport Chain 3

4 Cellular Respiration - Glycolysis Phase 1: Glycolysis Occurs in the cytoplasm Splits one glucose into two pyruvate molecules Generates a net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules Does not require oxygen Starts with glucose Ends with 2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate Glycolysis Glycolysis (in cytoplasm) Cytoplasm During the first steps, two molecules of ATP are consumed in preparing glucose for splitting. Glucose 2 ATP During the remaining steps, four molecules of ATP are produced. 2 ADP 4ADP The two molecules of pyruvate then diffuse from the cytoplasm into the inner compartment of the mitochondrion, where they pass through a few preparatory steps (the transition reaction) before entering the citric acid cycle. 2 Pyruvate Energyinvestment phase 4 ATP Energyyielding 2 NAD + phase 2 NADH Two molecules of nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NADH), a carrier of high-energy electrons, also are produced. Figure 3.23 (In cytoplasm) 4

5 Cellular Respiration Transition Reaction Phase 2: Transition reaction Occurs within the mitochondria Coenzyme A combines with pyruvate and CO 2 is removed from each pyruvate Forms 2 acetyl CoA molecules Produces 2 NADH Transition Reaction Starts with: 2 pyruvate (which are 3-carbon molecules) 2 Coenzyme A Ends with: 2 CO 2 2 NADH 2 Acetyl CoA (which are 2-carbon molecules) Transition Reaction Transition Reaction (in mitochondrion) Pyruvate (from glycolysis) A molecule of NADH is formed when NAD + gains two electrons and one proton. NAD + One carbon (in the form of CO 2) is removed from pyruvate. CO 2 NADH Coenzyme A (electron passes to electron transport chain) CoA Acetyl CoA The two-carbon molecule, called an acetyl group, binds to coenzyme A (CoA), forming acetyl CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle. Citric Acid Cycle Figure

6 Cellular Respiration Citric Acid Cycle Phase 3: Citric acid cycle Occurs in the mitochondria Acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle Releases 2 ATP, 2 FADH 2 and 6 NADH, 4 CO 2 molecules Requires oxygen Citric Acid Cycle Also called the Krebs Cycle Starts with 2 Acetyl CoA Ends with: 4 CO 2 2 ATP 6 NADH and 2 FADH 2 Citric Acid Cycle Citric Acid Cycle (in mitochondrion) The citric acid cycle also yields several molecules of FADH 2 and NADH, carriers of high-energy electrons that enter the electron transport chain. Oxaloacetate NADH Acetyl CoA, the two-carbon compound formed during the transition reaction, enters the citric acid cycle. Acetyl CoA CoA CoA Citrate NAD + Malate Citric Acid Cycle CO 2 leaves cycle NAD + FADH 2 FAD ATP ADP + Pi NADH -Ketoglutarate Succinate NADH NAD + CO 2 leaves cycle The citric acid cycle yields one ATP from each acetyl CoA that enters the cycle, for a net gain of two ATP. Figure

7 Cellular Respiration Electron Transport Chain Phase 4: Electron transport chain Electrons of FADH 2 and NADH are transferred from one protein to another, until they reach oxygen Releases energy that results in 32 ATP Requires oxygen The Big Pay Off Electron Transport Chain! NADH and FADH 2 are important electron carriers. They donate electrons to the electron transport chain. At the end of the chain oxygen accepts the electrons. The electron transport chain produces ATP using the ATP synthase molecule (a protein). The electron transport chain produces 32 ATP! Electron Transport Chain Electron Transport Chain (inner membrane of mitochondrion) The molecules of NADH and FADH 2 produced by earlier phases of cellular respiration pass their electrons to a series of protein molecules embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. High NAD + NADH 2e As the electrons are transferred from one protein to the next, energy is released and used to make ATP. Potential energy FADH 2 FAD 2e 2e Membrane proteins Eventually, the electrons are passed to oxygen, which combines with two hydrogens 2e to form water. 2e H 2O Low Energy released is used for synthesis of ATP 2 H O 2 Figure

8 How is ATP made using the ETC? 1. In the mitochondria, the NADH and FADH 2 donate electrons to the electron transport chain (ETC). 2. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor from the ETC. 3. The ETC uses the energy from the electrons to transport H + against its concentration gradient, transporting the H + from the lumen of the mitochondria to the intermembrane space (= from the inner compartment to the outer compartment). How is ATP made using the ETC? 4. The ATP synthase transports the H + back to the lumen (= inner compartment) of the mitochondria. 5. The H + falling through the ATP synthase provides the energy for the ATP synthase to catalyze the reaction of: ADP + P ATP 8

9 Summary of Cellular Respiration Table 3.5 Summary of Cellular Respiration: The Players One molecule of glucose is broken down and 36 ATP are generated. Oxygen is used by the electron transport chain it accepts electrons from the ETC. Carbon dioxide is produced by the Transition Reaction and the Citric Acid Cycle. Summary of Cellular Respiration: The Steps Glycolysis: kicks off the process by taking in one glucose produces 2 ATP Transition Reaction: produces CO 2 and NADH Citric Acid Cycle: produces 2 ATP, lots of NADH and FADH 2, and some CO 2. 9

10 Summary of Cellular Respiration: The Steps Electron Transport Chain Takes electrons from NADH and FADH 2 and uses them to produce ATP using the ATP synthase molecule. Requires oxygen! Oxygen is the final electron acceptor on the electron transport chain. One glucose can produce a total of 36 ATP!!! Complex carbohydrates must first be broken down into glucose before entering glycolysis. Fats and proteins enter the process at different steps. A few words about oxygen Cellular respiration requires oxygen this is why it is called aerobic cellular respiration. Sometimes organisms, including humans, need to produce energy without using oxygen. When you need energy quickly, or if there is not enough O 2 then the cell will use only glycolysis. 10

11 Anaerobic Fermentation Breakdown of glucose without oxygen Takes place entirely in the cytoplasm It is very inefficient and resultsinonlytwoatp two Anaerobic Fermentation: anaerobic pathway to produce ATP from glycolysis, without the Citric Acid Cycle and the ETC. Fermentation in Animals When cells need energy quickly, they will use this pathway for a short time. 2 pyruvic acid + 2 NADH 2 lactate and 2 NAD + End result = lactate and 2 ATP produced (from glycolysis) and NAD + is regenerated. 11

12 What is the starting molecule of glycolysis? 1. Acetyl CoA 2. Protein 3. Glucose 4. Pyruvate (pyruvic acid) 25% 25% 25% 25% Acetyl CoA Protein Glucose Pyruvate (pyruvic acid) Which stage produces CO 2? 1. Glycolysis 2. Electron Transport Chain 3. Transition 4. Citric Acid Cycle 5. Both 3 and 4 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% Glycolysis Electron Transport... Transition Citric acid Cycle Both 3 and 4 Which stage uses O 2? 1. Glycolysis 2. Krebs Cycle 3. Electron Transport Chain 33% 33% 33% Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport... 12

13 Which stage produces the most NADHs? 1. Glycolysis 2. Krebs Cycle 3. Electron Transport Chain 33% 33% 33% Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport... Which stage produces the most ATP? 1. Glycolysis 2. Krebs Cycle 3. Electron Transport Chain 33% 33% 33% Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport... Important Concepts Read chapter 3, pages What are aerobic cellular respiration and anaerobic fermentation? What are the differences between them? What are the four steps of aerobic cellular respiration, what happens in each step, what are the starting molecules, what comes out of each step, where in the cell does each step occur, how many ATP and NADH/FADH 2 are produced in each step? 13

14 Important Concepts Describe in detail how ATP is made using the electron transport chain. What are the roles of ATP synthase, H +, O 2, NADH and FADH 2, and the electron transport chain in ATP production? Know the overall picture of cellular respiration (summary slides). Important Concepts What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration, and which steps produce carbon dioxide? What is anaerobic fermentation, what steps are involved in fermentation, and what end products are produced in humans? Is oxygen required? If so, when is it used? Definitions Aerobic cellular respiration, anaerobic fermentation, ATP synthase, metabolism 14

Cellular Metabolism. Biology 105 Lecture 6 Chapter 3 (pages 56-61)

Cellular Metabolism. Biology 105 Lecture 6 Chapter 3 (pages 56-61) Cellular Metabolism Biology 105 Lecture 6 Chapter 3 (pages 56-61) Metabolism Consists of all the chemical reactions that take place in a cell! Cellular Metabolism Aerobic cellular respiration requires

More information

Cellular Metabolism 6/20/2015. Metabolism. Summary of Cellular Respiration. Consists of all the chemical reactions that take place in a cell!

Cellular Metabolism 6/20/2015. Metabolism. Summary of Cellular Respiration. Consists of all the chemical reactions that take place in a cell! Cellular Metabolism Biology 105 Lecture 6 Chapter 3 (pages 56-61) Metabolism Consists of all the chemical reactions that take place in a cell! Cellular metabolism: Aerobic cellular respiration requires

More information

Cellular Metabolism. Biol 105 Lecture 6 Read Chapter 3 (pages 63 69)

Cellular Metabolism. Biol 105 Lecture 6 Read Chapter 3 (pages 63 69) Cellular Metabolism Biol 105 Lecture 6 Read Chapter 3 (pages 63 69) Metabolism Consists of all of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell Metabolism Animation Breaking Down Glucose For Energy

More information

2/4/17. Cellular Metabolism. Metabolism. Cellular Metabolism. Consists of all of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell.

2/4/17. Cellular Metabolism. Metabolism. Cellular Metabolism. Consists of all of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell. Metabolism Cellular Metabolism Consists of all of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell. Can be reactions that break things down. (Catabolism) Or reactions that build things up. (Anabolism)

More information

Consists of all of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell. Summary of Cellular Respiration. Electrons transferred. Cytoplasm Blood vessel

Consists of all of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell. Summary of Cellular Respiration. Electrons transferred. Cytoplasm Blood vessel 7/19/2014 Metabolism Cellular Metabolism Metabolism Consists of all of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell PLAY Animation Breaking Down Glucose For Energy Biol 105 Lecture Packet 6 Read Chapter

More information

Lesson Overview. Cellular Respiration: An Overview. 9.2 process of cell respiration

Lesson Overview. Cellular Respiration: An Overview. 9.2 process of cell respiration 9.2 process of cell respiration Glycolysis During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of the 3-carbon molecule pyruvic acid. Pyruvic acid is a reactant in the Krebs cycle. ATP and NADH

More information

Cellular Respiration. How our body makes ATP, ENERGY!!

Cellular Respiration. How our body makes ATP, ENERGY!! Cellular Respiration How our body makes ATP, ENERGY!! Useable Energy Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP) Adenosine Ribose Sugar 3 Phosphates November 27, 2017 November 27, 2017 Where do our cells get energy?

More information

How Cells Release Chemical Energy. Chapter 7

How Cells Release Chemical Energy. Chapter 7 How Cells Release Chemical Energy Chapter 7 7.1 Overview of Carbohydrate Breakdown Pathways All organisms (including photoautotrophs) convert chemical energy of organic compounds to chemical energy of

More information

3. Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic in terms of cell respiration. Outline the general process of both.

3. Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic in terms of cell respiration. Outline the general process of both. 3.7 Cell Respiration 1. Define cell respiration. Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic molecules in cells to form ATP. 2. State the equation for the process of cell respiration.

More information

4. Which step shows a split of one molecule into two smaller molecules? a. 2. d. 5

4. Which step shows a split of one molecule into two smaller molecules? a. 2. d. 5 1. Which of the following statements about NAD + is false? a. NAD + is reduced to NADH during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. b. NAD + has more chemical energy than NADH. c. NAD + is reduced

More information

Harvesting energy: photosynthesis & cellular respiration

Harvesting energy: photosynthesis & cellular respiration Harvesting energy: photosynthesis & cellular respiration Learning Objectives Know the relationship between photosynthesis & cellular respiration Know the formulae of the chemical reactions for photosynthesis

More information

III. 6. Test. Respiració cel lular

III. 6. Test. Respiració cel lular III. 6. Test. Respiració cel lular Chapter Questions 1) What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules? A) anabolic pathways B) catabolic pathways

More information

Name Class Date. 1. Cellular respiration is the process by which the of "food"

Name Class Date. 1. Cellular respiration is the process by which the of food Name Class Date Cell Respiration Introduction Cellular respiration is the process by which the chemical energy of "food" molecules is released and partially captured in the form of ATP. Carbohydrates,

More information

How Cells Release Chemical Energy Cellular Respiration

How Cells Release Chemical Energy Cellular Respiration How Cells Release Chemical Energy Cellular Respiration Overview of Cellular Respiration HO double membrane outer membrane inner membrane CO matrix Produces molecules Requires oxygen Releases carbon dioxide

More information

Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration

Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration Breaking down glucose a little at a time.. It s like turning a five pound bag of sugar into several tiny sugar packets worth of energy in the form of ATP. Remember the carbon

More information

AEROBIC RESPIRATION. Chapter 8

AEROBIC RESPIRATION. Chapter 8 AEROBIC RESPIRATION Chapter 8 AEROBIC RESPIRATION Aerobic respiration is the next step after Glycolysis if the cell can obtain oxygen. We won t need it until the last step but we still need it. Remember

More information

1 Which pathway for aerobic cellular respiration is located in the cytoplasm of the cell?

1 Which pathway for aerobic cellular respiration is located in the cytoplasm of the cell? 1 Which pathway for aerobic cellular respiration is located in the cytoplasm of the cell? glycolysis citric cycle 2 Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding aerobic cellular respiration?

More information

Releasing Chemical Energy

Releasing Chemical Energy Releasing Chemical Energy Ø Energy From Carbohydrates Ø Aerobic Respiration/ Stages Ø Fermentation Ø Food as a Source of Energy How Do Cells Access the Chemical Energy in Carbohydrayes? Aerobic Respiration

More information

Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen In biology and chemistry, energy is referred to

More information

Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work Living cells require energy from outside sources

Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work Living cells require energy from outside sources Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work Living cells require energy from outside sources Some animals, such as the giant panda, obtain energy by eating plants, and some animals feed on other

More information

Chapter Seven (Cellular Respiration)

Chapter Seven (Cellular Respiration) Chapter Seven (Cellular Respiration) 1 SECTION ONE: GLYCOLYSIS AND FERMENTATION HARVESTING CHEMICAL ENERGY Cellular respiration is the process in which cells make adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by breaking

More information

What is Respiration? The process of respiration is where organisms convert chemical energy into cellular energy, which is known as ATP. Adenine Ribose P P P Cellular Respiration high energy sugar low energy

More information

Chapter 7 How Cells Release Chemical Energy

Chapter 7 How Cells Release Chemical Energy Chapter 7 How Cells Release Chemical Energy 7.1 Mighty Mitochondria More than forty disorders related to defective mitochondria are known (such as Friedreich s ataxia); many of those afflicted die young

More information

Cellular Respiration Stage 2 & 3. Glycolysis is only the start. Cellular respiration. Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle.

Cellular Respiration Stage 2 & 3. Glycolysis is only the start. Cellular respiration. Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle. Cellular Respiration Stage 2 & 3 Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle AP 2006-2007 Biology Glycolysis is only the start Glycolysis glucose pyruvate 6C 2x 3C Pyruvate has more energy to yield 3 more C to strip

More information

CELLULAR RESPIRATION REVIEW MULTIPLE CHOICE. Circle ALL that are TRUE. There may be MORE THAN one correct answer. 1. is the first step in cellular res

CELLULAR RESPIRATION REVIEW MULTIPLE CHOICE. Circle ALL that are TRUE. There may be MORE THAN one correct answer. 1. is the first step in cellular res CELLULAR RESPIRATION REVIEW MULTIPLE CHOICE. Circle ALL that are TRUE. There may be MORE THAN one correct answer. 1. is the first step in cellular respiration that begins releasing energy stored in glucose.

More information

9-1 Chemical Pathways

9-1 Chemical Pathways 2 of 39 Food serves as a source of raw materials for the cells in the body and as a source of energy. Animal Cells Animal Mitochondrion Plant Plant Cells 3 of 39 1 Both plant and animal cells carry out

More information

KEY CONCEPT The overall process of cellular respiration converts sugar into ATP using oxygen.

KEY CONCEPT The overall process of cellular respiration converts sugar into ATP using oxygen. KEY CONCEPT The overall process of cellular respiration converts sugar into ATP using oxygen. ! Cellular respiration makes ATP by breaking down sugars. Cellular respiration is aerobic, or requires oxygen.

More information

9.2 The Process of Cellular Respiration

9.2 The Process of Cellular Respiration 9.2 The Process of Cellular Respiration Oxygen Carbon 2 2 Dioxide 34 Water Glycolysis Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration. During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of

More information

Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP

Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP 2009-2010 Ch.8.3 Section Objectives: Compare and contrast cellular respiration and fermentation. Explain how cells obtain energy from cellular respiration.

More information

3.7.1 Define cell respiration [Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP]

3.7.1 Define cell respiration [Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP] 3.7 Cell respiration ( Chapter 9 in Campbell's book) 3.7.1 Define cell respiration [Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP] Organic compounds store

More information

How Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7. Respiration

How Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7. Respiration How Cells Harvest Energy Chapter 7 Respiration Organisms classified on how they obtain energy: autotrophs: produce their own organic molecules through photosynthesis heterotrophs: live on organic compounds

More information

Lecture 5: Cell Metabolism. Biology 219 Dr. Adam Ross

Lecture 5: Cell Metabolism. Biology 219 Dr. Adam Ross Lecture 5: Cell Metabolism Biology 219 Dr. Adam Ross Cellular Respiration Set of reactions that take place during the conversion of nutrients into ATP Intricate regulatory relationship between several

More information

Respiration. Respiration. Respiration. How Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7

Respiration. Respiration. Respiration. How Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7 How Cells Harvest Energy Chapter 7 Organisms can be classified based on how they obtain energy: autotrophs: are able to produce their own organic molecules through photosynthesis heterotrophs: live on

More information

Cellular Respiration. Biochemistry Part II 4/28/2014 1

Cellular Respiration. Biochemistry Part II 4/28/2014 1 Cellular Respiration Biochemistry Part II 4/28/2014 1 4/28/2014 2 The Mitochondria The mitochondria is a double membrane organelle Two membranes Outer membrane Inter membrane space Inner membrane Location

More information

Respiration. Respiration. How Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7

Respiration. Respiration. How Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7 How Cells Harvest Energy Chapter 7 Respiration Organisms can be classified based on how they obtain energy: autotrophs: are able to produce their own organic molecules through photosynthesis heterotrophs:

More information

How Did Energy-Releasing Pathways Evolve? (cont d.)

How Did Energy-Releasing Pathways Evolve? (cont d.) How Did Energy-Releasing Pathways Evolve? (cont d.) 7.1 How Do Cells Access the Chemical Energy in Sugars? In order to use the energy stored in sugars, cells must first transfer it to ATP The energy transfer

More information

Biology. Slide 1 of 39. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Biology. Slide 1 of 39. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology 1 of 39 EQ What is glycolysis? What are the results from the Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport? 2 of 39 9-1 Chemical Pathways Food serves as a source of raw materials for the cells in the body

More information

Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 9-1 Chemical Pathways Both plant and animal cells carry out the final stages of cellular respiration in the mitochondria. Animal Cells Animal

More information

Cellular Respiration Checkup Quiz. 1. Of the following products, which is produced by both anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration in humans?

Cellular Respiration Checkup Quiz. 1. Of the following products, which is produced by both anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration in humans? 1. Of the following products, which is produced by both anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration in humans? I. Pyruvate II. III. ATP Lactate A. I only B. I and II only C. I, II and III D. II and III

More information

Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration The breakdown of glucose for cellular energy. happens in all living cells. is exothermic H atoms and e are removed from glucose (oxidization) and added to oxygen (reduction) excess

More information

Bell Work. b. is wrong because combining two glucose molecules requires energy, it does not release energy

Bell Work. b. is wrong because combining two glucose molecules requires energy, it does not release energy Bell Work How is energy made available to the cell to move large starch molecules across the cell membrane through the process of endocytosis? a. removing a phosphate from ATP b. combining two glucose

More information

Biology. Slide 1 of 39. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Biology. Slide 1 of 39. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology 1 of 39 2 of 39 9-1 Chemical Pathways Food serves as a source of raw materials for the cells in the body and as a source of energy. Animal Cells Animal Mitochondrion Plant Plant Cells 3 of 39 Both

More information

Section 9 2 The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport (pages )

Section 9 2 The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport (pages ) Section 9 2 The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport (pages 226 232) This section describes what happens during the second stage of cellular respiration, called the Krebs cycle. It also explains how high-energy

More information

MIDDLETOWN HIGH SCHOOL SOUTH BIOLOGY

MIDDLETOWN HIGH SCHOOL SOUTH BIOLOGY MIDDLETOWN HIGH SCHOOL SOUTH BIOLOGY BOOKLET 10 NAME: CLASS: 1 S.Tagore Middletown South High School March 2013 LEARNING OUTCOMES The role and production of ATP (a) Importance, role and structure of ATP

More information

Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration Cellular I can describe cellular respiration Cellular respiration is a series of metabolic pathways releasing energy from a foodstuff e.g. glucose. This yields energy in the form of ATP adenosine P i P

More information

Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy. Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy. Cellular Pathways In General

Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy. Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy. Cellular Pathways In General Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy A. Obtaining Energy and Electrons from Glucose Lecture Series 12 Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy B. An Overview: Releasing Energy from Glucose

More information

Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Living cells require energy from outside sources Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Photosynthesis generates O 2 and

More information

ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration

ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration What Is ATP? Energy used by all Cells Adenosine Triphosphate Organic molecule containing highenergy Phosphate bonds Chemical Structure of ATP Adenine Base 3 Phosphates

More information

Harvesting energy: photosynthesis & cellular respiration part 1I

Harvesting energy: photosynthesis & cellular respiration part 1I Harvesting energy: photosynthesis & cellular respiration part 1I Agenda I. Overview (Big Pictures) of Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration II. Making Glucose - Photosynthesis III. Making ATP - Cellular

More information

Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 -----> 6CO 2 + 6H 2 0 + energy (heat and ATP) 1. Energy Capacity to move or change matter Forms of energy are important to life include Chemical, radiant (heat

More information

AP BIOLOGY Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration =

AP BIOLOGY Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration = 1 AP BIOLOGY Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration = Day 1 p. I. Overview A. Cellular Respiration 1. Respiration breathing, exchange of O 2 for CO 2 2. Cellular respiration aerobic harvesting of energy from food

More information

Food serves as a source of raw materials for the cells in the body and as a source of energy.

Food serves as a source of raw materials for the cells in the body and as a source of energy. 9-1 Chemical Pathways Food serves as a source of raw materials for the cells in the body and as a source of energy. Animal Cells Animal Mitochondrion Plant Plant Cells 1 of 39 Both plant and animal cells

More information

2

2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 What is the fate of Pyruvate? Stages of Cellular Respiration GLYCOLYSIS PYRUVATE OX. KREBS CYCLE ETC 2 The Krebs Cycle does your head suddenly hurt? 3 The Krebs Cycle An Overview

More information

Biology Kevin Dees. Chapter 9 Harvesting Chemical Energy: Cellular Respiration

Biology Kevin Dees. Chapter 9 Harvesting Chemical Energy: Cellular Respiration Chapter 9 Harvesting Chemical Energy: Cellular Respiration Life is Work!!! Biology Kevin Dees Catabolic pathways and ATP production Catabolic pathways release energy by breaking down large molecules into

More information

9-1 Chemical Pathways Interactive pgs

9-1 Chemical Pathways Interactive pgs Interactive pgs. 221-225 1 of 39 9-1 Chemical Pathways Food serves as a source of raw materials for the cells in the body and as a source of energy. Animal Cells Animal Mitochondrion Plant Plant Cells

More information

Respiration. Energy is everything!

Respiration. Energy is everything! Respiration Energy is everything! Tesla was incredible Everyone was intrigued by Tesla Tesla showed that energy does not need to be feared So what does this have to do with twinkies? Everything! Cellular

More information

serves as a source of raw materials and energy for cellsslide

serves as a source of raw materials and energy for cellsslide 9-1 Chemical Pathways (Metabolism) refers to all of the chemical that take place in an organism or cell. Each reaction may handle materials or and is catalyzed by an enzyme. Metabolism has two parts: 1.

More information

Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Photosynthesis generates O 2 and organic molecules, which are used in cellular respiration

More information

CELLULAR RESPIRATION SUMMARY EQUATION. C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 6CO2 + 6H 2 O + energy (ATP) STEPWISE REDOX REACTION

CELLULAR RESPIRATION SUMMARY EQUATION. C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 6CO2 + 6H 2 O + energy (ATP) STEPWISE REDOX REACTION CELLULAR RESPIRATION SUMMARY EQUATION C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 6CO2 + 6H 2 O + energy (ATP) STEPWISE REDOX REACTION Oxidation: partial or complete loss of electrons Reduction: partial or complete gain of electrons

More information

Introduction. Living is work. To perform their many tasks, cells must bring in energy from outside sources.

Introduction. Living is work. To perform their many tasks, cells must bring in energy from outside sources. Introduction Living is work. To perform their many tasks, cells must bring in energy from outside sources. In most ecosystems, energy enters as sunlight. Light energy trapped in organic molecules is available

More information

Structure of the Mitochondrion. Cell Respiration. Cellular Respiration. Catabolic Pathways. Photosynthesis vs. Cell Respiration ATP 10/14/2014

Structure of the Mitochondrion. Cell Respiration. Cellular Respiration. Catabolic Pathways. Photosynthesis vs. Cell Respiration ATP 10/14/2014 Structure of the Mitochondrion Cellular Respiration Chapter 9 Pgs. 163 183 Enclosed by a double membrane Outer membrane is smooth Inner, or cristae, membrane is folded - this divides the mitochondrion

More information

Cellular Respiration. Energy and oxygen

Cellular Respiration. Energy and oxygen Cellular Respiration Energy and oxygen REview Energy is: The ability to do work Organelles that produces energy Mitochondria and chloroplasts Where do organisms get energy? All organisms need energy Plants

More information

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Which of the following statements concerning anabolic reactions is FALSE? A. They are generally endergonic. B. They usually require ATP. C. They are part of metabolism. D.

More information

Lesson Overview. Cellular Respiration: An Overview. Lesson Overview. 9.1 Cellular Respiration: An Overview

Lesson Overview. Cellular Respiration: An Overview. Lesson Overview. 9.1 Cellular Respiration: An Overview 9.1 Cellular Respiration: An Overview Chemical Energy and Food Food provides living things with the chemical building blocks they need to grow and reproduce. Food molecules contain chemical energy that

More information

Objective: You will be able to construct an explanation for how each phase of respiration captures and stores free energy.

Objective: You will be able to construct an explanation for how each phase of respiration captures and stores free energy. Objective: You will be able to construct an explanation for how each phase of respiration captures and stores free energy. Do Now: Compare and contrast the three black equations below ADP + P + Energy

More information

2. What are the products of cellular respiration? Include all forms of energy that are products.

2. What are the products of cellular respiration? Include all forms of energy that are products. Name Per Cellular Respiration An Overview Why Respire Anyhoo? Because bucko all cells need usable chemical energy to do work. The methods cells use to convert glucose into ATP vary depending on the availability

More information

Respiration. Energy is everything!

Respiration. Energy is everything! Respiration Energy is everything! Tesla was incredible Everyone was intrigued by Tesla Tesla showed that energy does not need to be feared So what does this have to do with twinkies? Everything! Cellular

More information

CH 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION. 9-1 Chemical Pathways 9-2 The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport

CH 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION. 9-1 Chemical Pathways 9-2 The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport CH 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION 9-1 Chemical Pathways 9-2 The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chemical Energy and Food Energy source = food = ATP A calorie is the unit for the amount of energy needed to raise

More information

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with

More information

3.7 CELLULAR RESPIRATION. How are these two images related?

3.7 CELLULAR RESPIRATION. How are these two images related? 3.7 CELLULAR RESPIRATION How are these two images related? CELLULAR RESPIRATION Cellular respiration is the process whereby the body converts the energy that we get from food (glucose) into an energy form

More information

Higher Biology. Unit 2: Metabolism and Survival Topic 2: Respiration. Page 1 of 25

Higher Biology. Unit 2: Metabolism and Survival Topic 2: Respiration. Page 1 of 25 Higher Biology Unit 2: Metabolism and Survival Topic 2: Respiration Page 1 of 25 Sub Topic: Respiration I can state that: All living cells carry out respiration. ATP is the energy currency of the cell

More information

Cellular Respiration. Unit 5: Plants, Photosynthesis, and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration. Unit 5: Plants, Photosynthesis, and Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration Unit 5: Plants, Photosynthesis, and Cellular Respiration Overview! Organisms obtain energy (ATP) by breaking down (catabolic pathway, exergonic reaction) organic molecules (glucose)

More information

Cellular Respiration. Chapter 9

Cellular Respiration. Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration Chapter 9 1.A)Explain where organisms get the energy needed for life processes. Organisms get the energy they need from food. Energy stored in food is expressed as calories. Calorie

More information

Ch 9: Cellular Respiration

Ch 9: Cellular Respiration Ch 9: Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration An overview Exergonic reactions and catabolic pathway Energy stored in bonds of food molecules is transferred to ATP Cellular respiration provides the energy

More information

Cellular Respiration. The process by which cells harvest the energy stored in food

Cellular Respiration. The process by which cells harvest the energy stored in food Cellular Respiration The process by which cells harvest the energy stored in food 1 SAVING FOR A Rainy Day Suppose you earned extra money by having a part-time job. At first, you might be tempted to spend

More information

How Cells Release Chemical Energy. Chapter 8

How Cells Release Chemical Energy. Chapter 8 How Cells Release Chemical Energy Chapter 8 Impacts, Issues: When Mitochondria Spin Their Wheels More than forty disorders related to defective mitochondria are known (such as Friedreich s ataxia); many

More information

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration Lesson 5 Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration Introduction to Life Processes - SCI 102 1 How Cells Obtain Energy Cells require a constant flow of energy Most cellular energy is stored

More information

Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy AP Biology Reading Guide Name: Date: Period Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Overview: Before getting involved with the details of cellular respiration and photosynthesis, take

More information

Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation*

Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation* Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation* *Lecture notes are to be used as a study guide only and do not represent the comprehensive information you will need to know for the exams. Life Is Work

More information

RESPIRATION Worksheet

RESPIRATION Worksheet A.P. Bio L.C. RESPIRATION Worksheet 1. In the conversion of glucose and oxygen to carbon dioxide and water a) which molecule becomes reduced? b) which molecule becomes oxidized? c) what happens to the

More information

Ch. 9 Cell Respiration. Title: Oct 15 3:24 PM (1 of 53)

Ch. 9 Cell Respiration. Title: Oct 15 3:24 PM (1 of 53) Ch. 9 Cell Respiration Title: Oct 15 3:24 PM (1 of 53) Essential question: How do cells use stored chemical energy in organic molecules and to generate ATP? Title: Oct 15 3:28 PM (2 of 53) Title: Oct 19

More information

CELLULAR RESPIRATION. Chapter 7

CELLULAR RESPIRATION. Chapter 7 CELLULAR RESPIRATION Chapter 7 7.1 GLYCOLYSIS AND FERMENTATION If I have a $10.00 bill and a $10.00 check, which is better? ATP is like cash in the cell Glucose, NADH, FADH2 are like checks in a cell.

More information

Cell Respiration Ch 7. Both autotrophs and heterotrophs use cellular respiration to make CO2 and water from

Cell Respiration Ch 7. Both autotrophs and heterotrophs use cellular respiration to make CO2 and water from Cell Respiration Ch 7 Objectives: Identify the 2 major steps of cellular respiration Describe the major events in glycolysis Compare lactic acid fermentation with alcoholic fermentation Calculate the efficiency

More information

Biology 30 Structure & Function of Cells (Part 2) Bioenergetics: Energy: Potential energy: Examples: Kinetic energy. Examples:

Biology 30 Structure & Function of Cells (Part 2) Bioenergetics: Energy: Potential energy: Examples: Kinetic energy. Examples: Biology 30 Structure & Function of Cells (Part 2) Bioenergetics: Energy: Potential energy: Examples: Kinetic energy Examples: Energy can be transformed: Thermodynamics: First law of Thermodynamics: Second

More information

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy CHAPTER 9

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy CHAPTER 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy CHAPTER 9 9.1 Metabolic pathways that release energy are exergonic and considered catabolic pathways. Fermentation: partial degradation of sugars that occurs

More information

Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration Chemical Equation 6 O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 6 H 2 O + 6 CO 2 + Page 107 Adenosine Triphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate Background Aerobic= requires oxygen Anaerobic= does not require oxygen

More information

Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration Overview Heterotrophs obtain glucose from plants and plant matter. The goal is to convert food energy (glucose) into chemical energy! (ATP) Why would we do this? The process by which

More information

Section B: The Process of Cellular Respiration

Section B: The Process of Cellular Respiration CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION: HARVESTING CHEMICAL ENERGY Section B: The Process of Cellular Respiration 1. Respiration involves glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport: an overview 2. Glycolysis

More information

Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration Energy Review Energy Storing Molecules ATP, NADPH (NAD + ), FADH (FAD + ), FADH 2 ATP supplies most of the energy that drives metabolism in living things ATP releases energy when converted

More information

Cellular Respiration. How is energy in organic matter released for used for in living systems?

Cellular Respiration. How is energy in organic matter released for used for in living systems? Cellular Respiration How is energy in organic matter released for used for in living systems? Cellular Respiration Organisms that perform cellular respiration are called chemoheterotrophs Includes both

More information

Complete breakdown of Glucose: + Light + 6 H 2 O = C 6 H 12 O 6 6 CO O 2. + Energy = 6 CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6. What is Glucose Metabolism?

Complete breakdown of Glucose: + Light + 6 H 2 O = C 6 H 12 O 6 6 CO O 2. + Energy = 6 CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6. What is Glucose Metabolism? Chapter 8: Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration What is Metabolism? Answer: The breakdown of glucose to release energy from its chemical bonds Photosynthesis: 6 CO 2 Carbon Dioxide +

More information

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

More information

Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration Stage 2 & 3: Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle

Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration Stage 2 & 3: Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration Stage 2 & 3: Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle 2006-2007 Glycolysis is only the start Glycolysis glucose pyruvate 6C Pyruvate has more energy to yield 3 more C to strip off (to

More information

Living organisms obtain energy by breaking down organic molecules during cellular respiration.

Living organisms obtain energy by breaking down organic molecules during cellular respiration. Section 3: Living organisms obtain energy by breaking down organic molecules during cellular respiration. K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned Essential Questions What are the stages

More information

Notes CELLULAR RESPIRATION SUMMARY EQUATION C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2. 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy (ATP) STEPWISE REDOX REACTION

Notes CELLULAR RESPIRATION SUMMARY EQUATION C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2. 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy (ATP) STEPWISE REDOX REACTION AP BIOLOGY CELLULAR ENERGETICS ACTIVITY #2 Notes NAME DATE HOUR SUMMARY EQUATION CELLULAR RESPIRATION C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy (ATP) STEPWISE REDOX REACTION Oxidation: partial or complete

More information

Biol 219 Lec 7 Fall 2016

Biol 219 Lec 7 Fall 2016 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy to form ATP Cellular Respiration and Metabolism Glucose ATP Pyruvate Lactate Acetyl CoA NAD + Introducing The Players primary substrate for cellular respiration

More information

Cellular Respiration. Cellular Respiration. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O > 6CO 2 + 6H energy. Heat + ATP. You need to know this!

Cellular Respiration. Cellular Respiration. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O > 6CO 2 + 6H energy. Heat + ATP. You need to know this! Cellular Respiration LISA Biology Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 - - - - - > 6CO 2 + 6H 2 0 + energy You need to know this! Heat + ATP 1 Did that equation look familiar? * The equation for cellular

More information

Table of Contents. Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation. Section 2 Aerobic Respiration

Table of Contents. Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation. Section 2 Aerobic Respiration Table of Contents Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Section 2 Aerobic Respiration Objectives Identify the two major steps of cellular respiration. Describe the major events in glycolysis. Compare lactic

More information

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Cellular Respiration and Fermentation How do plants and animals obtain the glucose they need? Plants: Animals: Cellular Respiration the process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen

More information

Metabolism. Metabolism. Energy. Metabolism. Energy. Energy 5/22/2016

Metabolism. Metabolism. Energy. Metabolism. Energy. Energy 5/22/2016 5//016 Metabolism Metabolism All the biochemical reactions occurring in the body Generating, storing and expending energy ATP Supports body activities Assists in constructing new tissue Metabolism Two

More information