Chapter 22: Gas and Liquid Chromatography. Liquid Chromatography: Stationary Phases and Mobile Phases: Normal Phase: Reversed Phase:

Transcription

1 Chapter 22: Gas and Liquid Chromatography Liquid Chromatography: Stationary Phases and Mobile Phases: Normal Phase: Reversed Phase: Ion Exchange Chromatography Page 1 of 5

2 Pinnacle DB Ideal for applications that require highly aqueous mobile Highly selective phase for polar analytes. Compatible with ional henyl HPLC Stationary Phases Stationary phase comparison. lica Surface lica Surface i lica Surface fluorophenyl yl P=Polar Group N C Biphenyl functional group An alkyl-based stationary phase with either an embedded polar group (), a polar side chain (), or a polar end-cap (), has significantly greater interaction with polar compounds than a traditional alkyl phase. Phenyl & Biphenyl phases Phenyl stationary phases interact with compounds containing aromatic groups or unsaturated bonds through π-π interactions. The biphenyl stationary phase has even greater interaction due to the higher P=Polar concentration Group of aromatic rings. Alkyl phases (e.g. ) Alkyl-based stationary phases, such as, are best suited for analyzing hydrophobic molecules with a high carbon:heteroatom ratio. Conventional Propyl Phenyl Alkyl phase with polar functional group An alkyl-based stationary phase with either an embedded polar group (), a polar side chain (), or a polar end-cap (), has Other Trademarks: significantly greater interaction with Zorbax (Agilent Technologies, Inc.), Kromasil (Eka Chemicals), Intersil (GL Scie polar compounds than a traditional Discovery (gma-aldrich Co.), Betamax, Betasil, BioBasic, Fluophase, Hypersi alkyl phase. lica Surface & Fluorinated phases Restek Corporation Fluorinated phases, such as the F 110 Benner Circle pentafluorophenyl propyl (PFP Bellefonte, PA propyl), and cyano-based phases F F interact strongly with basic, Phenyl & Biphenyl phases Pentafluorophenyl N nitrogen-containing and Phenyl stationary phases interact Propyl halogenated analytes. with F compounds containing F C aromatic groups or unsaturated bonds through π-π interactions. The biphenyl stationary phase has even INNOVATIVE greater interaction due to the PRODUCTS higher concentration of aromatic rings. HPLC Column Selection Restek Trademarks: Restek U.S. 110 Benner Circle Allure, Bellefonte, phidelity, Pinnacle, PA Restek 168 logo Restek France phone: 33 (0)1 Other 60 Trademarks: fax: 33 (0 Restek Ireland phone: Zorbax (Agilent Technologies, fax: 44 Inc.), 2890 Kr Discovery (gma-aldrich Co.), Betama Thames Restek U.K. LTD phone: f Restek GmBH phone: +49 (0) fax: +49 lica Surface XF End Fitting Cap XG-XF Guard Frit Fitting Cartridge P=Polar Group Column with Trident Integral Inlet Fitting (to o and guard cartridge, XG-XF fitt Remove the XF end fitting and install the guard cartridge in the end of the column. Restek Trademarks: Allure, phidelity, Pinnacle, Restek logo. lica Surface End Fitting Add the XG-XF fitting (order cat.# for 10mm guard cartidges, cat.# for 20mm guard cartridges). Biphenyl Water or Polar Organics Reversed Phase Stationary phase selection Sample Solubility & Fluorinated phases Fluorinated phases, such as the pentafluorophenyl propyl (PFP propyl), and cyano-based phases interact strongly with basic, Nonpolar nitrogen-containing and Organics halogenated analytes. Normal Phase Ionic Neutral Mixed Acidic Basic Hydrophobic Hydrophilic Aqueous Organic Acids Amino PFP PFP Propyl C1 Biphenyl C4 C8 Phenyl Aqueous Organic Acids Amino PFP Propyl lica Restek HPLC Column End Cap? Pore ze (Å) Pinnacle DB Y Carbon load (%) Applications Page 2 of 5 Hydrophobic phase suitable for analyses of a wide range of compounds, from acidic through slightly basic. Chromatographic Properties Highly base-deactivated spherical silica manufactured by Monomeric bonding.

3 What our instrument looks like: LC detectors: Page 3 of 5

4 How to retain compounds longer: How to elute compounds faster: Gradient: We can also use chromatography to purify samples: Page 4 of 5

5 Gas Chromatography: Detectors for GC: Homework: Chapter 22 # 5a, 9, 15 Page 5 of 5