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1 Session 71 Thetre 5 J. McKinnie-Hill 1, A. Aury 1, T. Hgn 1, L. Frmer 1 nd F. Monhn 2 1 Agri-Food nd Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Food Reserch Brnch, 18 Newforge Lne, Belfst, BT9 5PX, United Kingdom, 2 University College Dulin, School of Agriculture nd Food Science, University College Dulin, lind.frmer@fini.gov.uk In lm production on the islnd of Irelnd there is trend towrds rising rm lms s opposed to cstrted However met from rm lms is often perceived y the industry to e of lower qulity due to necdotl evidence of rm tint. It is importnt to determine whether this perceived tint is rel nd to identify the cuse with view to developing mechnisms to minimise it. Previous studies hve shown tht rnge of fctors ffecting the occurrence of ny off-odour in entire mle lms. This pper presents the results of n experiment, conducted t AFBI to determine the effect of forge diet, reed nd gender of the lms on the nd mety rom ssocited with reed, tenderness relted to gender, nd lso gender:reed:diet interctions. Gs chromtogrphy-olfctometry nlysis on selected tretments hs lso een conducted. Initil nlysis hs indicted possile compounds tht my contriute to less desirle odour of lm met from some tretments. Session 71 Thetre 6 S. Loón, A. Snz, G. Ripoll, M. Joy nd M. Blnco Centro de Investigción y Tecnologí Agrolimentri de Argón. Instituto Agrolimentrio de Argón-, Avd. Montñn 930, Zrgoz, Spin; sloon@cit-rgon.es The im of this study ws to ssess the effect of the feeding during lcttion nd the inclusion of condensed tnnins (CT) in the concentrte during the fttening period on productive prmeters nd on met lipid oxidtion of light lms. At prturition, 63 Rs Argones ewe-lm pirs were rndomly distriuted in 3 tretments. During the lcttion period, one group ws housed indoors nd received totl mixed rtion (TMR), second group ws stocked on lflf (Medicgo stiv) pddocks (Alflf) nd the third group ws stocked on sinfoin (Onorychis viciifoli) pddocks (Sinfoin). At dy 42, the lms were wened nd hlf of the lms of ech feeding tretment ws fed commercil concentrte (Control; 11.9 MJ/kg FM, 17.5% with 75% of CT; 11.7 MJ/kg FM, 17.5% crude protein). When lms reched the trget slughter weight (22-24 kg BW), they were slughtered. Crcss chrcteristics were registered nd smples of the Longissimus thorcis et lumorum muscle were otined to study the intrmusculr ft content nd the lipid oxidtion of the met. The feeding tretment during lcttion slightly ffected weight gins nd BW t slughter of lms. Sinfoin tretment tended to improve the BW t slughter (P=0.09). TMR lms hd the heviest crcsses nd greter dressing percentge nd kidney ft depots, Sinfoin lms intermedite, nd Alflf lms the lowest. Regrding lipid oxidtion of met, Sinfoin lms presented the lower level from 5 d until 14 d of storge (P<0.05). The inclusion of Quercho in the concentrte tended to improve the weight gins during fttening period nd the BW t slughter (P<0.1) t the sme ge (P>0.05) ut did not ffect lipid oxidtion. 640 EAAP 67 th Annul Meeting, Belfst 2016

2 05/09/2016 The type of condensed tnnins ffected differently growth nd met lipid oxidtion of light lms S. Loón, A. Snz, G. Ripoll, M. Joy nd M. Blnco INTRODUCTION Trditionl lm met production in Mediterrnen countries is sed on: BW < 25 kg LIGHT LAMB Age < 90 d During lcttion, ewes nd lms re stlled indoors - Ewes fed hy or strw + concentrtes - Lms fed milk (45-50 dys old) After wening, lms fed high-concentrte diet EAAP th Annul Meeting of the Europen Federtion of Animl Science Belfst UK, 29 Aug 2 Sept 2016 To otin homogenous product Light lm of Argon, Protected Geogrphicl Indiction (PGI) INTRODUCTION The former is the usul intensive system in Mediterrnen re INTRODUCTION Oxidtion is one of the min reson for qulity deteriortion in met Grzing good qulity forges, s lflf, llows good performnce of lctting ewes (Álvrez- Rodriguez et l. 2010) Grzing Sinfoin could e n interesting lterntive s it hs high protein content nd condensed tnnin. Medicgo stiv Onorychis viicifoli Multinnul legumes Widely used in Mediterrnen res Quercho To postpone it, the ddition of ntioxidnt hs emerged s strtegy Synthetic Nturl Condensed tnnins OBJETIVE MATERIAL AND METHODS The im of this study ws to evlute: The effect of the feeding tretment during LACTATION period, (lflf, sinfoin, indoor) FRANCE The inclusion of Quercho in the concentrte during FATTENING period On the performnces of light lms nd on the lipid oxidtion of met PORTUGAL SPAIN ZARAGOZA 1

3 05/09/2016 MATERIAL AND METHODS MATERIAL AND METHODS Lcttion period After lming, ewe-lm pirs were rmdomly ssigned ccording to ewe s BW nd BCS to one of three tretments: RASA ARAGONESA SPRING LAMBING 63 EWES + 63 MALE LAMBS ALFALFA n=21 SAINFOIN n=21 INDOOR n=21 Ewes nd lms rottionlly grzed pddocks They were chnged to new pddock fortnightly to ensure tht the stule height ws ove 10 cm Ewes nd lms were housed nd were fed with totl mixed rtion MATERIAL AND METHODS Fttening period: 2 type of concentrte MATERIAL AND METHODS Controls nd nlysis Body weight Wening CONTROL 11.9 MJ/kg FM, 17.5% CP Slughter kg QUEBRACHO 11.7 MJ/kg FM, 17.5% CP 5% Lming Wening Slughter 0 d 42 d 70 d Lcttion ADG Concentrte intke Fttening MATERIAL AND METHODS Controls nd nlysis Hot crcss weight Kidney ft Cold crcss weight Dressing percentge RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Production prmeters Lcttion period ADG: > Sinfoin BW t wening: NS Concentrte intke: > Indoor Intrmusculr Ft Plced in 6 trys Drkness t 4 ºC dys Lipid oxidtion: TBARS Fttening period ADG: > Quercho BW t slughter: > Quercho Concentrte intke: > Quercho * 2

4 05/09/2016 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Crcss chrcteristics Lcttion Fttening P-vlue Alflf Sinfoin Indoor QUE Control L F Hot crcss weight, kg Cold crcss weight, kg Dressing percentge, % Kidney Ft, g RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Intrmusculr ft content Lcttion period Fttening period NO EFFECT > Lipid oxidtion TBARS (mg MDA/kg muscle) Alflf Sinfoin Indoor Time (d) c QUE Control Time (d) CONCLUSIONS: The diet during the lcttion period ws the most importnt effect Lm with their dms in sinfoin pddocks during lcttion is n dvisle system: Improves slightly weight gins Extends the met shelf life The inclusion of Quercho in the concentrte during the fttening period: Tended to increse lm s weight No effect on met shelf life Thnks for your ttention sloon@cit-rgon.es 3

5 Book of Astrcts of the 67 th Annul Meeting of the Europen Federtion of Animl Science Book of strcts No. 22 (2016) Belfst, United Kingdom 29 August - 2 Septemer 2016

6 EAN: e-ean: ISBN: e-isbn: DOI: / ISSN First pulished, 2016 Wgeningen Acdemic Pulishers The Netherlnds, 2016 This work is suject to copyright. All rights re reserved, whether the whole or prt of the mteril is concerned. Nothing from this puliction my e trnslted, reproduced, stored in computerised system or pulished in ny form or in ny mnner, including electronic, mechnicl, reprogrphic or photogrphic, without prior written permission from the pulisher: Wgeningen Acdemic Pulishers P.O. Box AE Wgeningen The Netherlnds copyright@wgeningenacdemic.com The individul contriutions in this puliction nd ny liilities rising from them remin the responsiility of the uthors. The designtions employed nd the presenttion of mteril in this puliction do not imply the expression of ny opinion whtsoever on the prt of the Europen Federtion of Animl Science concerning the legl sttus of ny country, territory, city or re or of its uthorities, or concerning the delimittion of its frontiers or oundries. The pulisher is not responsile for possile dmges, which could e result of content derived from this puliction.

7 The type of condensed tnnins ffected differently growth nd met lipid oxidtion of light lms S. Loón, A. Snz, G. Ripoll, M. Joy nd M. Blnco. Centro de Investigción y Tecnologí Agrolimentri. Avd. Montñn 930, Zrgoz, Spin. sloon@cit-rgon.es Astrct The im of this study ws to ssess the effect of the feeding during lcttion nd the inclusion of condensed tnnins (CT) in the concentrte during the fttening period on productive prmeters nd on met lipid oxidtion of light lms. At prturition, 63 Rs Argones ewelm pirs were rndomly distriuted in 3 tretments. During the lcttion period, one group ws housed indoors nd received totl mixed rtion (TMR), second group ws stocked on lflf (Medicgo stiv) pddocks (Alflf) nd the third group ws stocked on sinfoin (Onorychis viciifoli) pddocks (Sinfoin). At dy 42, the lms were wened nd hlf of the lms of ech feeding tretment ws fed commercil concentrte (Control; 11.9 MJ/kg FM, 17.5% crude protein) or commercil concentrte with 5% of Quercho (QUE, SYLVAFEED ByPro Q, Spin, with 75% of CT; 11.7 MJ/kg FM, 17.5% crude protein). When lms reched the trget slughter weight (22-24 kg BW), they were slughtered. Crcss chrcteristics were registered nd smples of the Longissimus thorcis et lumorum muscle were otined to study the intrmusculr ft content nd the lipid oxidtion of the met. The feeding tretment during lcttion slightly ffected weight gins nd BW t slughter of lms. Sinfoin tretment tended to improve the BW t slughter (P=0.09). TMR lms hd the heviest crcsses nd greter dressing percentge nd kidney ft depots, Sinfoin lms intermedite, nd Alflf lms the lowest. Regrding lipid oxidtion of met, Sinfoin lms presented the lower level from 5 d until 14 d of storge (P < 0.05). The inclusion of Quercho in the concentrte tended to improve the weight gins during fttening period nd the BW t slughter (P<0.1) t the sme ge (P>0.05) ut did not ffect lipid oxidtion. Key words: Sinfoin, Alflf, Quercho, crcss chrcteristics. 1. Introduction In Mediterrnen res, light lm production is sed on concentrtes from wening to slughter nd ewe s mngement hs een intensified s herd size is growing. However, grzing good qulity forges, s lflf (Medicgo stiv) llows good performnce of lctting ewes (1). Sinfoin (Onorychis viicifoli) grzing could e n interesting lterntive s it hs high protein nd condensed tnnins contents. Condensed tnnins re secondry compound of plnts widespred in the plnt kingdom nd they hve een studied to reduce methne production (2). Moreover, condensed tnnins re nturl ntioxidnts. Oxidtion is one of the min resons for qulity spoilge in met products. To postpone it, the ddition of ntioxidnts hs emerged s strtegy. Nturl or synthetic ntioxidnts cn e dded to the niml s diet, which is one of the most effective wys to inhiit lipid oxidtion in ft (3). The use of nturl ntioxidnts is more desirle, s synthetic ones hve een ssocited with potentil humn risks nd consumer rejection (4). However, condensed tnnins hve complex nd vried structure nd their effects depend on this structure nd dose given to the niml. 1

8 The im of this study ws evlute the effect of the feeding tretment during lcttion nd the inclusion of CT from Quercho in the concentrte during fttening on the performnce of light lms nd on the lipid oxidtion of met. 2. Mterils nd Methods The experiment ws conducted in the fcilities of CITA Reserch centre in Zrgoz. A flock of 207 Rs Argones ewes ws mted t the end of Octoer y nturl service. Ewes were stlled round prturition. From this flock, the multiprous single-ering ewes (n=63) nd their mle lms (n=63) were selected for the experiment. After lming, ewe-lm pirs were rndomly ssigned ccording to ewe s ody-weight (BW: verge 46.6 kg) nd ody condition score (BCS: verge 2.43) to one of the next three tretments during the lcttion period: - TMR: Ewes nd lms were housed nd received totl mixed rtion d liitum (n=21). - Sinfoin: Ewes nd lms rottionlly grzed in sinfoin pddocks (n= 21). - Alflf: Ewes nd lms rottionlly grzed in lflf pddocks (n=21). All suckling lms hd ccess to commercil concentrte in order to void digestive prolems fter wening (40-45 dys of ge). From wening to slughter (t kg BW), hlf of lms of ech tretment during the lcttion period ws fed with commercil concentrte (11.9 MJ/kg FM, 17.5% crude protein; Control). The other hlf ws fed with commercil concentrte with 5% of Quercho (SYLVAFEED ByPro Q, Adil Nutrition. Giron, Spin), with 75% of condensed tnnins (11.7 MJ/kg FM, 17.5% CP; QUE). The lms of ech tretment were llocted rndomly in two pens. Wter nd minerl locks were lwys offered d liitum. Lms were weekly weighed t 9.m. Averge dily gins (ADG) were clculted. Concentrte intke ws recorded weekly y pen. When the lms reched the trget slughter weight, they were slughtered weekly, ccording to guidelines of the Council Directive 86/609/EEC (Europen Comunities, 1986) in the experimentl ttoir of the Reserch Center. Just fter slughter, hot crcss weight (HCW) ws registered nd kidney ft depots were weighed. Crcsses were hung y the Achilles tendon nd chilled t 4 ºC for 24 h in totl drkness. After this time, cold crcss weight (CCW) ws registered nd dressing percentge ws clculted (CCW/BW t slughter). Then, the Longissimus thorcis et lumorum (LTL) muscle ws extrcted nd sliced into seven, 2.5-cm thick smples, one to determine the ft intrmusculr (Ankom, NY, USA) nd the others to determine the lipid oxidtion during storge. Six smples were rndomly plced in 6 trys, wrpped with oxygen-permele PVC film nd kept in drkness (4 ºC) for 2, 5, 7, 9, 12 nd 14 dys. When ech storge time finished, the smples were individully vcuum-pcked nd frozen (-20 ºC) until lipid oxidtion nlysis. To determine the lipid oxidtion, TBARS nlysis ws crried out s descried (5), results were expressed s mg of Mldonldehyde (MDA) per kg of muscle. Dt were nlysed using the SAS sttisticl softwre (SAS V.9.3). Weight gins, fttening length, concentrte intke during fttening nd crcss chrcteristics were nlysed through nlysis of vrince with generl liner model (GLM procedure), with the type of feeding during lcttion, the inclusion of QUE in the concentrte nd its interction s fixed effects. Body weight nd lipid oxidtion of LTL muscle were nlysed with mixed model (MIXED procedure) using mixed models for repeted mesures including the feeding during lcttion, the inclusion of QUE in the concentrte, the storge time nd their interctions s fixed effects nd the lm s rndom effect. Results were reported s lest squre mens nd their 2

9 ssocited stndrd errors (SE). Multiple comprisons mong tretments were performed y the Tukey s method. Differences were significnt for P<0.05 nd tendencies for P< Results nd discussion The interction etween the feeding during the lcttion nd the inclusion of QUE in the concentrte during the fttening period ws not significnt. Thus, results re presented for the min effects seprtely Production prmeters During lcttion, prmeters were similr mong tretments (P>0.05), except for verge dily gin (ADG) (P<0.10). Sinfoin lms hd greter ADG thn TMR lms (P<0.05), wheres Alflf lms hd intermedite vlues. In the fttening period, the feeding in lcttion period did not hve effect on lm performnce (Tle 1). The Slughter BW, however, tended to e different etween Sinfoin nd their counterprts (P<0.10). Tle 1. Effect of the feeding during lcttion (L) nd the inclusion of Quercho in the concentrte during fttening (F) on lm productive prmeters Lcttion Fttening P-vlue Alflf Sinfoin TMR 1 QUE 2 Control SE L F Lcttion period Birth BW, kg Wening BW, kg ADG, g/d DMI, g/d Age t wening, d Fttening period Slughter BW, kg 22.9y 23.5x 22.9y 23.4x 22.9y ADG, g/d x 270y DMI, g/d x 768y Age t slughter, d Length, d Totl mixed rtion; 2 with 5% of Quercho; Within prmeter nd min effect,, denote differences t P<0.05 nd x,y denote differences t P<0.10 Regrding the inclusion of QUE in the fttening concentrte, it ws oserved n increse of DMI (P=0.05), ADG nd slughter BW (P<0.10) were oserved. In this sense, in grzing lms, weight gins incresed with the inclusion of QUE in low protein concentrte ut not in high protein concentrte ecuse QUE did not contriute ny further to protein supply in the smll intestine (6) Crcss chrcteristics Crcss chrcteristics of lms were ffected y the feeding during lcttion ut not y the inclusion of CT in the concentrte during the fttening period (Tle 2). Crcss weights nd dressing percentge were greter for TMR, intermedite for Sinfoin, nd lighter for Alflf lms (P <0.05). These results cn e relted to the effect of forge incresing digestive trct size, resulting in lower dressing percentge (7). TMR lms hd greter deposition of kidney 3

10 ft thn Alflf nd Sinfoin lms (P<0.001), which could e relted to the greter intke of concentrte during lcttion (Tle 1). In tht sense, some uthors oserved tht lms fed concentrtes presented lso higher internl ft contents thn forge-fed lms (8), which could hve contriuted to the greter dressing percentge (9). Tle 2. Effect of the feeding during lcttion (L) nd the inclusion of Quercho in the concentrte during fttening (F) on crcss chrcteristics. Lcttion Fttening P-vlue Alflf Sinfoin TMR 1 QUE 2 Control SE L F HCW 3, kg CCW 4, kg DP 5, % Kidney Ft, g Totl mixed rtion; 2 with 5%of Quercho; SE = Stndrd error; 3 Hot crcss weight; 4 Cold crcss weight; 5 dressing percentge. Within prmeter nd min effect,, denote differences t P< Met ph, intrmusculr ft nd Lipid oxidtion Met ph ws not ffected y the feeding tretments during lcttion or fttening with n verge vlue of 5.56 (±0.03). Intrmusculr ft content ws greter for TMR thn for Alflf nd Sinfoin lms (11.65, 9.84 nd 9.57 %, respectively; P<0.001); ut it ws not ffected y the inclusion of QUE in the concentrte (P>0.05). Lipid oxidtion ws ffected y the interction etween feeding during lcttion nd storge time (P < 0.001) ut not y the inclusion of QUE in the concentrte (Figure 1). Lcttion period Fttening period TBARS(mg MDA/kg muscle) Alflf Sinfoin TMR Time (d) Time (d) Figure 1. Effect of the feeding during lcttion nd the inclusion of QUE in the concentrte during fttening on lipid oxidtion during met storge. c QUE Within dy of storge nd min effect, different letters denote differences t P < 0.05 Control Alflf nd TMR lms hd similr lipid oxidtion (P>0.05) until 14 d, when Alflf hd lower vlues thn TMR lms (P<0.05), nd sinfoin lms presented the lowest vlues of TBARS from 5 to 14 d (P<0.05), proly due to the presence of phenolic compounds tht strongly reduce met lipid oxidtion over time of storge or disply (10). Alflf contins vitmin E tht delys the met lipid oxidtion (5), however it does not content noticele mounts of CT, which could explin the lck of effect of the grzing during lcttion. The sence of the effect of the inclusion of 5% of Quercho in the concentrte during fttening period on lipid oxidtion is in line with Lucino et l. (11). They reported tht n inclusion of 8.96% of 4

11 Quercho during fttening period hd no effect on lipid oxidtion, lthough it ffected muscle ntioxidnt cpcity (12) Conclusions Sinfoin grzing of lms with their dms during lcttion period improved slightly weight gins during this period nd hd positive effect on the met shelf life. It would e interesting to study the use of sinfoin in the fttening period. In our conditions, the ddition of Quercho in the fttening period tended to increse lm s weight gins; however, it did not hve ny effect on the met shelf life. Future studies should e done to nlyse the ntioxidnt cpcity of the muscle in lms fttened with different doses of Quercho. References 1. Álvrez-Rodríguez J, Snz A, Ripoll-Bosch R, & Joy M (2010) Do lflf grzing nd lcttion length ffect the digestive trct fill of light lms? Smll Rum. Res. 94(1-3): Pellikn WF, Stringno E, Leenrs J, Bongers D.J.G.M, Schuppen S.V.L.V, Plnt J & Mueller- Hrvey I (2011) Evluting effects of tnnins on extent nd rte of in vitro gs nd CH4 production using n utomted pressure evlution system (APES). Anim. Feed Sci. Tech : Wulf DM, Morgn J.B, Snders S.K, Ttum J.D, Smith G.C & Willims S. (1995) Effects of dietry supplementtion of vitmin E on storge nd cselife properties of lm retil cuts. J. Anim. Sci. 73(2): Cmo J, Lorés A, Djenne D, Beltrán JA, & Ronclés P (2011) Disply life of eef pckged with n ntioxidnt ctive film s function of the concentrtion of oregno extrct. Met Sci 88(1): Ripoll G, González-Clvo L, Molino F, Clvo JH, & Joy M (2013) Effects of finishing period length with vitmin E supplementtion nd lflf grzing on crcss color nd the evolution of met color nd the lipid oxidtion of light lms. Met Sci. 93(4): Dwson LER, McCoy MA, Edgr HWJ, & Crson AF (2011) Effect of concentrte supplementtion t psture nd inclusion of condensed tnnins (Quercho) in concentrtes on lm performnce nd fecl egg nd worm counts. Livest. Sci. 135(2-3): Fluhrty FL, McClure KE, Solomon MB, Clevenger DD, & Lowe GD (1999) Energy source nd ionophore supplementtion effects on lm growth, crcss chrcteristics, viscerl orgn mss, diet digestiility, nd nitrogen metolism. J. Anim. Sci. 77(4): Joy M, Alvrez-Rodriguez J, Revill R, Delf R, & Ripoll G (2008) Ewe metolic performnce nd lm crcss trits in psture nd concentrte-sed production systems in Churr Tensin reed. Smll Rum. Res. 75(1): Borton RJ, Loerch SC, McClure KE, & Wulf DM (2005) Comprison of chrcteristics of lms fed concentrte or grzed on ryegrss to trditionl or hevy slughter weights. I. Production, crcss, nd orgnoleptic chrcteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 83(3): Vst V & Lucino G (2011) The effects of dietry consumption of plnts secondry compounds on smll ruminnts' products qulity. Smll Rum. Res. 101(1-3): Lucino G, Monhn F.J, Vst V & Biondi L. (2009) Dietry tnnins improve lm met colour stility. Met Sci 81(1): Lucino G, Vst V, Monhn FJ, López-Andrés P, Biondi L, Lnz M nd Priolo A Antioxidnt sttus, colour stility nd myogloin resistnce to oxidtion of longissimus dorsi muscle from lms fed tnnin-contining diet. Food Chem. 124, Acknowledgements S. Loón ws in receipt of grnt from the Unión de Entiddes Espñols de Cienci Animl (UEECA) for ttending the 2016 EAAP meeting in Belfst. 5

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